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TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA

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Project Tiger:
 Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in 1973 by the Government of
India during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure.
 The project aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats and also to
protect them from extinction, and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever
represented as close as possible the diversity of ecosystems across the tiger's distribution in the
country.
 The project's task force visualized these tiger reserves as breeding nuclei, from which surplus animals
would migrate to adjacent forests.
 The Funds and commitment were mastered to support the intensive program of habitat protection and
rehabilitation under the project.
 The government has set up a Tiger Protection Force to combat poachers and funded relocation of
villagers to minimize human-tiger conflicts.
 There are 50 tiger reserves in India which are governed by Project Tiger which is administered by
the National Tiger Conservation Authority(NTCA).
 India is home to 70 percent of tigers in the world.
 In addition to existing reserves, The in-principle approval has been accorded by the National Tiger
Conservation Authority for the creation of four new tiger reserves, and the sites are: Ratapani Tiger
Reserve (Madhya Pradesh), Sunabeda Tiger Reserve (Odisha), and Guru Ghasidas (Chhattisgarh).
Final approval has been accorded to Kudremukh National Park (Karnataka) for declaring as tiger
reserves by States.
 The State Governments have been advised to send proposals for declaring the following areas as tiger
reserves: (i) Suhelwa (Uttar Pradesh), (ii) Mhadei Sanctuary (Goa), (iii) Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel
Wildlife Sanctuary / Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary / Varushanadu Valley (Tamil Nadu), (iv) Dibang
Wildlife Sanctuary (Arunachal Pradesh) and (v) Cauvery-MM Hills (Karnataka).
The following describes all the Tiger Reserves in India (State Wise)
Assam:
1. Kaziranga National Park
 Kaziranga National Park is a national park in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of the state of Assam,
India.
 The sanctuary, which hosts two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceroses, is a World Heritage
Site.
 According to the census held in March 2015, which was jointly conducted by the Forest Department of
the Government of Assam and some recognized wildlife NGOs, the rhino population in Kaziranga
National Park is 2,401.

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 Kaziranga is home to the highest density of tigers among protected areasin the world, and was declared
a Tiger Reserve in 2006.
 The park is home to large breeding populations of elephants, wild water buffalo, and swamp deer.
 Kaziranga is recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International for conservation of avifaunal
species. When compared with other protected areas in India, Kaziranga has achieved notable success
in wildlife conservation.
 Located on the edge of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, the park combines high species
diversity and visibility.
 Kaziranga is a vast expanse of tall elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical moist broadleaf
forests, criss-crossed by four major rivers, including the Brahmaputra, and the park includes
numerous small bodies of water. Kaziranga has been the theme of several books, songs, and
documentaries.
 The park celebrated its centennial in 2005 after its establishment in 1905 as a reserve forest.
2. Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
 A national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve
and a biosphere reserve in Assam, India. Located in the Himalayan foothills, it is contiguous with
the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan.
 The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam roofed turtle, hispid
hare, golden langur and pygmy hog.
 Manas is famous for its population of the wild water buffalo.
 The name of the park is originated from the Manas River, which is named after the serpent
goddess Manasa.
 The Manas river is a major tributary of Brahmaputra River, which passes through the heart of the
national park.

3. Nameri National Park

 a national park in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur District of Assam, India, about
35 km from Tezpur. Nameri is about 9 km from Chariduar, the nearest village.
 Nameri shares its northern boundary with the Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary of Arunachal Pradesh.
4. Angling at Nameri
 This park is full of rivers. Fishing is the famous activity which is held by forest department.
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 The golden mahseer fish is famous in these region where they grown to 3-9 feet.
 They are known as "tigers of the Himalayan rivers".
 Angling has been suspended by local park authority under the Wildlife Protection Act as this habitat is
now a Save the Tiger Project site.

Arunachal Pradesh:
1. Pakke Tiger Reserve,
 also known as Pakhui Tiger Reserve, is a Project Tiger reserve in the East Kameng district of Arunachal
Pradesh in northeastern India.
 The reserve is protected by the Department of Environment and Forest of Arunachal Pradesh.
 This Tiger Reserve has won India Biodiversity Award 2016 in the category of 'Conservation of
threatened species' for its Hornbill Nest Adoption Programme.
 The terrain is rugged with mountainous ranges in the north and narrow plains and sloping hill valleys in
the south.
 The sanctuary slopes southwards towards the river valley of the Brahmaputra River.
 The area of Brahmaputra and Chittagong Hills, which includes Pakke and Namdapha Tiger Reserve,
is the north-western limit of the Indochinese tiger's range, bordering the eastern limit of the Bengal
tiger's range.

2. Namdapha National Park

 the largest protected area in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and is located in Arunachal
Pradesh in Northeast India.
 It is also the third largest national park in India in terms of area.
 It is located in the Eastern Himalayan sub-region and is recognized as one of the richest areas in
biodiversity in India.
 The park harbours the northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world at 27°N latitude.
 The area is also known for extensive Dipterocarpforests, comprising the northwestern parts of the
ecoregion of Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests.
 The park is located in Changlang district of the Northeastern state of Arunachal Pradesh, near its border
with Myanmar.
 The park is located between the Dapha bumrange of the Mishmi Hills and the Patkai range with a wide
altitudinal range between 200 m asl and 4571 m asl.
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 The area falls under both the Palearctic and Indo Malayan biogeographic areas resulting in a diverse
species assemblage.
 The habitat changes with increasing altitude from tropical moist forests to Montane forests, temperate
forests and at the higher elevations, to Alpine meadows and perennial snow.
 The park has extensive bamboo forests and secondary forests in addition to the primary forests.
3. Kamlang Tiger Reserve,
 Kamlang Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh, is India's 50th Tiger Reserve.
 The Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1989, is rich in flora and fauna.
 It is situated in the Lohit District of the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.
 The park is named after the Kamlang River which flows through it.
 The Mishmi, Digaru, and Mizo tribal people who reside around the periphery of the sanctuary claim
their descent from the King Rukmo of the epic Mahabharata. They believe in a myth of an invisible god
known as Suto Phenkhenynon jamalu. An important body of water in the sanctuary is the Glow Lake.
 Located in tropical and sub-tropical climatic zones, the sanctuary is the habitat of the four big cat
species of India: tiger, leopard, clouded leopard and snow leopard.

Andhra Pradesh:
1. Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve
 the largest tiger reserve in India .
 The reserve spreads over five districts, Nalgonda District, Mahbubnagar district, Kurnool
District, Prakasam District and Guntur District.
 The total area of the tiger reserve is 3,568 km2 (1,378 sq mi).
 The reservoirs and temples of Srisailam are major attraction for many tourists and pilgrims.
 The area consists mostly of Nallamala Hills but varies from plains to precipitous cliffs. More than 80 per
cent of the area is gently rolling to hilly.
 High hills, deep valleys and gorges are characteristic features.
 The hill ranges contain number of plateau of which Amrabad, Srisailam, Peddacheruvu, Sivapuram,
Nekkanti are noteworthy.
 Nagarjunasagar receives rains from the southwest monsoon which is active from second half of June
to the end of September.

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 After a dry spell of one month during October, the northeast monsoon becomes active. The wildlife is
generally confined to plateaues during monsoon and in valleys during summer.
 The perennial water sources are generally located in the valleys and the plateaus suffer from acute
scarcity for water during summer.
 There are several waterfalls in the reserve such as the Ethipothala Falls, Pedda Dukudu, Gundam and
Chaleswaram.

Bihar:
1. Valmiki National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is
 located in the West Champaran district of Bihar state, India.
 The extensive forest area of Valmikinagar was previously owned by the Bettiah Raj and Ramanagar
Raj until the early 1950s.
 Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) is one of the natural virgin recesses in east India, situated in the north
west corner of Bihar.
 The pristine forest and wilderness of VTR is an excellent example of Himalayan Terai landscape.
 VTR comprises the Valmiki National Park and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary.
 The name of the district West Champaran derives from two words, Champa and Aranya, meaning forest
of Champa trees.
 In the north, the protected areas are bordered by Nepal while the Indian state Uttar Pradesh bounds
the sanctuary from western side.
 Bihar Government is turning 800 hectares of forest in VTR into Grassland making it India's biggest
grassland.
 Someshwar Hill Range and Dun Hill system with knife-edge ridges and precipitous slopes, cliffs, spurs,
gorges, narrow valleys.
 Criss-crossing and meandering rivers, streams and rivulets, man-made canals; Swamps and
Grasslands.
 River Gandak forms the western boundary of Valmiki wildlife sanctuary.
 It enters in India at Valmikinagar, where two rivulets Sonha and Pachnad joins it, forming a holy
confluence ‘Triveni’.

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 The river is called ‘Narayani’ in Nepal. Harha – Masan River system originates from the Valmiki Forests
and forms Burhi Gandak River down south. River Pandai flows into Bihar (India) from Nepal in the
eastern end of the Sanctuary and meets Masan.
 All these rivers with their precursor and tributaries namely Rohua, Kotrahia, Manor, Bhapsa, Koshil,
Singha, Dhonghi, Ganguli, Dhoram are full of youth and verve.
 Their cascades in wanton and wayward playfulness while descending from hills ridges and gorges are
enchanting. Meeting the planes they slowly mature to serene grandeur.

Chhattisgarh:
1. The Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary
 an Indian sanctuary in Mungeli district, Chhattisgarh State.
 It had been established in 1975, under the provisions of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, and
declared a Tiger Reserve under Project Tiger, in 2009.
 It is a part of the Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve.
 The sanctuary is close to Amarkantak, the source of the Narmada River.
 Forest vegetation mainly comprises Sal, Saja, Bija, and Bamboo.
2. Indravati National Park
 the finest and most famous wildlife park of Chhattisgarh.
 It is one of the three Tiger Reserves in the state other being Undanti-Sitandadi and Achanakmar,
 Indravati National Park is located in Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh.
 The Park derives its name from the Indravati River, which flows from east to west and forms the northern
boundary of the reserve with the Indian state of Maharashtra.
 With a total area of approximately 2799.08 km2, Indravati attained the status of a National Park in 1981
and a Tiger Reserve in 1983 under the famous Project Tiger of India to become one of the most famous
tiger reserves of India.
 The Park is famous for its unique and diverse wildlife and bird species including some of the most
endangered species such as wild water buffalos and hill mynas.
 A series of beautiful hill ranges with lush green vegetation and unique and varied wildlife make Indravati
National Park a must visit for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers.

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 The flora in the Indravati National Park is mainly comprises tropical moist and dry deciduous type with
predominance of the sal, teak and bamboo trees.
3. Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary
 located in Dhamtari District, Chhattisgarh, India.
 Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary is a famous tourist attraction which is frequented by wildlife enthusiasts
throughout the year.
 The wildlife sanctuary was established in 1974 under Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.
 This sanctuary sprawls over an area of 556 km2 and has an altitude ranging between 327 and 736 m
above the sea level.
 It is named after Sitanadi River which originates from this sanctuary and joins Mahanadi River near
Deokhut.
 Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its lush green flora and rich and unique and diverse fauna and
has great potential to emerge as one of the finest wildlife destinations in central India.
Jharkhand:
1.Palamau Tiger Reserve
 The Palamau Tiger Reserve is one of the nine original tiger reserves in India and the only one in the
state of Jharkhand, India.
 It forms part of Betla National Park and Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary.

Karnataka:
1. Bandipur National Park
 Established in 1974 as a tiger reserve under Project Tiger, is a national park located in the south Indian
state of Karnataka.
 It was once a private hunting reserve for the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore but has now been
upgraded to Bandipur Tiger Reserve.
 Bandipur is known for its wildlife and has many types of biomes, but dry deciduous forest is dominant.
 The park spans an area of 874 square kilometers (337 sq mi), protecting several species of India's
endangered wildlife.

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 Together with the adjoining Nagarhole National Park, Mudumalai National Park and Wayanad Wildlife
Sanctuary, it is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve making it the largest protected area in southern
India and largest habitat of wild elephants in south Asia.
 Bandipur is located in Gundlupet taluq of Chamarajanagar district.
 It is about 80 kilometers (50 mi) from the city of Mysore on the route to a major tourist destination
of Ooty.
 As a result, Bandipur sees a lot of tourist traffic and there are many wildlife fatalities caused by speeding
vehicles that are reported each year.
 There is a ban on traffic from 9 pm to 6 am of dusk to dawn to help bring down the death rate of wildlife
 the park has a variety of biomes including dry deciduous forests, moist deciduous
forests and shrublands. The wide range of habitats help support a diverse range of organisms.
 The park is flanked by the Kabini river in the north and the Moyar river in the south.
 The Nugu river runs through the park.
 The highest point in the park is on a hill called Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta, where there is
a Hindu temple at the summit.
 Bandipur has typical tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons.
 The dry and hot period usually begins in early March and can last till the arrival of the monsoon rains
in June.
 Bandipur National Park helps protect several species of India's endangered wildlife and also provides
refuge to other threatened and vulnerable species of flora and fauna.

2. Nagarhole National Park

 (also known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park), is a national park located in Kodagu district and Mysore
district in Karnataka state in South India.
 This park was declared the thirty seventh Project Tiger tiger reserve in 1999.
 It is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
 The Western Ghats Nilgiri Sub-Cluster, including all of Nagarhole National Park, is under consideration
by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.
 The park has rich forest cover, small streams, hills, valleys and waterfalls.
 he park has a healthy predator-prey ratio, with many tigers, Indian bison and elephants.
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 The park ranges the foothills of the Western Ghats spreading down the Brahmagiri hills and south
towards Kerala state.
 Together with the adjoining Bandipur National Park, Mudumalai National Park and Wayanad Wildlife
Sanctuary, it forms the largest protected area in Southern India.

3. Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary

 a protected area and a Project Tiger, tiger reserve located 38 km (24 mi). Northwest
of Chikkamagaluru town in Karnataka state, India.
 Bhadra sanctuary has a wide range of flora and fauna and is a popular place for day outings. The
1,875 m (6,152 ft) above MSL
 Hebbe Giri is the highest peak in the sanctuary.
 Mullayanagiri peak in the Baba Budan Giri Range near the southeast edge of the sanctuary is the
highest peak between the Himalayas and the Nilgiris.
 The Manikyadhara Falls is located on the nearby sacred Baba Budan Giri Hill, The tributaries of
the Bhadra river flow west through the sanctuary.
 The western border of the sanctuary abuts the Bhadra Reservoir.
 Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is a biodiversity hotspot.
 Most of the area consists of dry deciduous forest, moist deciduous forest and semi evergreen forests.

4. Kali Tiger Reserve

 is a protected area and tiger reserve.
 It is located in Uttara Kannada district, in Karnataka, India.
 The park is a habitat of Bengal tigers, black panthers and Indian elephants, amongst other distinctive
fauna.
 The Kali River flows through the tiger reserve and is the lifeline of the ecosystem and hence the name.
 The Tiger reserve is spread over an area of 1300 square kilometers.
 It is notable that Anshi National Park and Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary were together granted the status
of Project Tiger tiger reserve, being declared as 'Anshi Dandeli Tiger Reserve' in January, 2007.

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 The 340 km2 (130 sq mi) Anshi park adjoins the Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, and together with six
adjacent protected areas in the states of Goa and Maharashtra, forms an almost uninterrupted
protected forest area of over 2,200 km2.
 Located in the Western Ghats range and Kali Tiger River's elevation.
 Despite high rainfall in this area, water holes go dry very early in the summer because the soil is laterite,
with minimal water-holding capacity.
5. The Biligirirangana Hills
 Commonly called B R Hills, is a hill range situated in south-eastern Karnataka, at its border with Tamil
Nadu (Erode District) in South India.
 The area is called Biligiriranganatha Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary or simply BRT Wildlife
Sanctuary.
 It is a protected reserve under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Being at the confluence of
the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, the sanctuary is home to eco-systems that are unique to
both the mountain ranges.
 The site was declared a tiger reserve in January 2011 by the Karnataka government, a few months
after approval from India's National Tiger Conservation Authority.
 The hills are located at the easternmost edge of the Western Ghats and support diverse flora and fauna
in view of the various habitat types supported.
 The forests form an important wildlife corridor between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats,
linking the largest populations of Asian elephants and tigers in southern India.
Kerala:
1. Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary
 A protected area near The kkady in the districts of Idukki, Kottayam and Pathanamthitta in Kerala, India.
 It is notable as both a elephant reserve and a tiger reserve.
 The park is a repository of rare, endemic and endangered flora and fauna and forms the major
watershed of two important rivers of Kerala, the Periyar and the Pamba.
 The park is often called the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary or Thekkady.
 It is located high in the Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hillsof the south Western Ghats along the border
with Tamil Nadu.

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 Periyar National Park lies in the middle of a mountainous area of the Cardamom Hills. In the north and
the east it is bounded by mountain ridges of over 1,700 m (5,600 ft) altitude and toward the west it
expands into a 1,200 m (3,900 ft) high plateau.
 From this level the altitude drops steeply to the deepest point of the reserve, the 100 metre valley of
the Pamba River.
 The highest peak in the park is the 2,019 m (6,624 ft) high Kottamala, the southernmost peak in India
higher than 2,000 metres (6,562 ft).
 The Periyar and Pamba Rivers originate in the forests of the reserve.
2. Parambikulam Tiger Reserve
 Which also includes the erstwhile Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, is a 391 square kilometres
(151.0 sq mi) protected area in Chittur taluk in Palakkad district of Kerala state, South India.
 It is in the Sungam range of hills between the Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathy Hills. Parambikulam
Wildlife Sanctuary was declared as part of the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve on February 19,
2010. Including the buffer zone, the tiger reserve has a span of 643.66 km2.
 The Western Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including all of Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, is under
consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.
 The sanctuary is the home of four different tribes of indigenous peoples including
the Kadar, Malasar, Muduvar and Mala Malasar settled in six colonies.
 Parambikulam Tiger Reserve implements the Participatory Forest Management Scheme (PFMS).
 People from tribal colonies inside the reserve are engaged as guides for treks and safaris, and are
provided employment through various eco-tourism initiatives.
 The tiger reserve hosts many capacity building training programmes conducted by Parambikulam Tiger
Conservation Foundation in association with various organisations.
Madhya Pradesh:
1. Bandhavgarh National Park
 one of the popular national parks in India located in the Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh.
Bandhavgarh was declared a national park in 1968, with an area of 105 km2.
 The buffer is spread over the forest divisions of Umaria and Katni and totals 820 km2.
 The park derives its name from the most prominent hillock of the area, which was said to be given
by Hindu Lord Rama to his brother Lakshmana to keep a watch on Lanka(Ceylon).
 Hence the name Bandhavgarh (Sanskrit: Brother's Fort).
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 This park has a large biodiversity.
 The density of the tiger population at Bandhavgarh is one of the highest known in India.
 The park has a large breeding population of leopards, and various species of deer.
 Maharaja Martand Singh of Rewa captured the first white tiger in this region in 1951.
 This white tiger, Mohan, is now stuffed and on display in the palace of the Maharajas of Rewa.
Historically villagers and their cattle have been a threat to the tiger.
 Rising mining activities around the park are putting the tigers at risk.
2. Satpura National Park
 located in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh in India. Its name is derived from the Satpura
range.
 The terrain of the national park is extremely rugged and consists of sandstone peaks,
narrow gorges, ravines and dense forests.
 The altitude ranges from 300 to 1,352 metres.
 It has Dhoopgarh peak as high as 1,350 metres (4,430 ft) and the almost level plains of Churna.
 Satpura National Park is very rich in biodiversity.
 The animals here are leopard, sambar, chital, Indian muntjac, nilgai, four-horned
antelope, Chinkara, wild boar, bear, black buck, fox, porcupine, flying squirrel, mouse deer, Indian giant
squirrel, etc.
 There are a variety of birds. Hornbills and peafowl are common birds found here.
 The flora consists of mainly sal, teak, tendu, Phyllanthus emblica, mahua, bel, bamboo,
and grasses and medicinal plants.
3. Kanha Tiger Reserve,
 also called Kanha National Park, is one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national
park of Madhya Pradesh, state in the heart of India.
 The present-day Kanha area was divided into two sanctuaries, Hallon and Banjar, of 250 and
300 km2 respectively.
 Kanha National Park was created on 1 June 1955 and in 1973 was made the Kanha Tiger Reserve.
 Together with a surrounding buffer zone of 1,067 km2 and the neighboring 110 km2 Phen Sanctuary it
forms the Kanha Tiger Reserve.

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 This makes it the largest National Park in Central India. Kanha Tiger Reserve was ranked in the top 10
Famous Places for Tourists.
 It is also the first tiger reserve in India to officially introduce a mascot, "Bhoorsingh the Barasingha".
 Members of the Baiga tribe, a semi-nomadic tribe of central India that is reliant on the forest, lived in
28 villages that had been within the Kanha National Park until 1968, when they were relocated.
 The relocation was part of an effort to maintain a critical tiger habitat.
 The land to which they were relocated is barren and they now suffer from alcoholism and
malnourishment, and beg to support themselves.
 The last of the villages to be relocated for the tiger habitat is in the core zone of the Kanha Tiger
Reserve.
 The area is the ancestral home of the Gond and Baiga tribes.
 In January 2010, Baiga tribe were illegally evicted from the park without proper compensation from the
government, according to Survival International.
 In its efforts to maintain and restore tiger habitats, WWF-India has worked to create corridors that
support the tigers and their prey, thereby stabilizing the tiger population.
 This includes efforts to prevent loss of life or property of humans, reduce human dependency on the
forest, and reduce retaliatory killings of tigers when people have experienced losses.

4. Panna National Park is

 a national park located in Panna and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya Pradesh in India.
 It was declared in 1994 as the twenty second Tiger reserve of India and the fifth in Madhya Pradesh,
Panna was given the Award of Excellence in 2007 as the best maintained national park of India by
the Ministry of Tourism of India.
 It is notable that by 2009, the entire tiger population had been eliminated by poaching with the collusion
of forest department officials.
 It is designated as Biosphere Reserve on 25 August 2011.
 The forests of Panna National Park along with Ken Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining territorial
divisions form a significant part of the catchment area of the 406 km (252 mi) Ken River which runs
northeast for about 72 km (45 mi) through the park.

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5. Pench National Park or Tiger Reserve

 One of the premier tiger reserves of India and the only one to straddle across two states - Madhya
Pradesh and Maharashtra.
 Ordinarily, the reference to Pench is mostly always to the tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh.
 The portion of the reserve that is in Madhya Pradesh is nestled in the southern slopes of
the Satpura range of Central India.
 Pench Tiger Reserve comprises the Indira Priyadarshini Pench National Park, the Pench Mowgli
Sanctuary and a buffer.
 It derives its name from its life line-the River Pench.
 Inside the park, the river flows from North to South before going on to join the Kanhan River, while
splitting the Park into two, and forming the boundary of Seoni District and Chhindwara District districts
of Madhya Pradesh.
 The Meghdoot dam built across Pench River at Totladoh has created a large water body of 72 km2 out
of which 54 km2falls in M.P. and rest in the adjoining state of Maharashtra.
 The Pench River which emerges from Mahadeo Hills of Satpuda Ranges and the various nallas and
streams which drain into it, all flow through the forests of Protected Area.
 The Satpuda ranges which bear the forests of the Protected Area act as an excellent watershed area
for the Totladoh as well as lower Pench Reservoirs.

6. The Sanjay National Park

 located in Chhattisgarh and madhya pradesh, and in the koriya District, Sidhi District and Singrauli
district of the State of Madhya Pradesh state, India.
 It is a part of the Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve system.
 It is located in the Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests' ecoregion.
Maharashtra:
1. Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve
 a tiger reserve in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state in central India.
 It is notable as Maharashtra's oldest and largest national park.

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 It is one of India's 50 "Project Tiger" - tiger reserves.
 Tadoba Andhari Reserve is the largest national park in Maharashtra.
2. Sahyadri Tiger Reserve
 a reserve in the state of Maharashtra.
 It was created by the Indian government in 2008.
 The Sahyadri Tiger Reserve is located in the Sahyadri Ranges of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra,
and is a part of the ecoregions of North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests and North Western
Ghats montane rain forests.
 These ranges form a common boundary between Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa, and constitute rich
evergreen, semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests.
3. Navegaon National Park
 a national park located in the Gondia district of Maharashtra, India.
 Navegaon, a popular forest resort in the Vidarbha region, the easternmost part of Maharashtra, was
built in the 18th century.
 The picturesque lake set amidst lush green hills at Navegaon, has a watch-tower beside it.
 One can get a bird's eye view of the surrounding forest and marvel at the exciting wildlife from the
watch-tower which consists of a deer park, Dr. Salem bird sanctuary, and three exotic gardens.
 The Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Navegaon is home to almost 60% of the bird species found in entire
Maharashtra.
 Every winter, flocks of beautiful migratory birds visit the lake—a rare treat for the eyes.
 The national park has diverse type of vegetation ranging from dry mixed forest to moist forest.
 The forest type is 5 A/C3. Southern tropical dry deciduous forest.
 The most unique experiences of the Navegaon National Park that you will have are going on a jungle
safari, staying in a tree top house and riding a sail boat in the lake.

4. Bor Tiger Reserve is

 a wildlife sanctuary which was declared as a tiger reserve in July 2014.
 It is located near Hingani in Wardha District in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
 It is a home to a variety of wild animals.

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 The reserve covers an area of 138.12 km2 (53.33 sq mi). which includes the drainage basin of the Bor
Dam.
 It is notable that Bor Tiger Reserve and some adjacent protected areas will be merged with Pench Tiger
Reserve (Maharashtra) as a 'Satellite core area', to more than double the area of that well
established tiger reserve.
 Bor Tiger Reserve is centrally located among several other Bengal tiger habitats including: Pench Tiger
Reserve, Maharashtra, to the northeast; Nagzira Navegaon Tiger Reserve, to the east
northeast; Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, to the east southeast; Tadoba - Andhari Tiger Reserve,
to the southeast; Melghat Tiger Reserve, to the west northwest and Satpura National Park and Tiger
Reserve, to the northwest.

5. Melghat Tiger Reserve

 declared a tiger reserve and was among the first nine tiger reserves notified in 1973-74 under
the Project Tiger.
 It is located at in northern part of Amravati District of Maharashtra State in India.
 The Tapti River and the Gawilgadh ridge of the Satpura Range form the boundaries of the reserve.
 The Tapi river flows through the northern end of the Melghat Tiger Reserve, through a forest which lies
within the catchment area of the river system.
 Many different kinds of wildlife, both flora and fauna, are found here.

6. Pench National Park or Tiger Reserve is

 one of the premier tiger reserves of India and the only one to straddle across two states - Madhya
Pradesh and Maharashtra.
 Ordinarily, the reference to Pench is mostly always to the tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh.
 The portion of the reserve that is in Madhya Pradesh is nestled in the southern slopes of
the Satpura range of Central India.
 Pench Tiger Reserve comprises the Indira Priyadarshini Pench National Park, the Pench Mowgli
Sanctuary and a buffer.
 It derives its name from its life line-the River Pench. Inside the park, the river flows from North to South
before going on to join the Kanhan River, while splitting the Park into two, and forming the boundary
of Seoni District and Chhindwara District districts of Madhya Pradesh.

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 The Meghdoot dam built across Pench River at Totladoh has created a large water body of 72 km2 out
of which 54 km2falls in M.P. and rest in the adjoining state of Maharashtra.
 The Pench River which emerges from Mahadeo Hills of Satpuda Ranges and the various nallas and
streams which drain into it, all flow through the forests of Protected Area.
 The Satpuda ranges which bear the forests of the Protected Area act as an excellent watershed area
for the Totladoh as well as lower Pench Reservoirs.
Mizoram:
1. Dampa Tiger Reserve or Dampha Tiger Reserve,
 the largest wildlife sanctuary in Mizoram, India was notified in 1985 and declared a Tiger Reserve in
1994.
 It is situated in the western part of Mizoram state, at the international border with Bangladeshabout
127 km from Aizawl.
 The tropical forests of Dampa are home to rich flora and fauna.
 It consists of forest interpolated with steep precipitous hills, deep valleys, jungle streams, ripping
rivulets, natural salts licks, with an altitudinal zone of 200–800 mts. Dampa Tiger Reserve is a part
of Project Tiger funded by the Government of India.
Odisha:
1. Satkosia Tiger Reserve is
 a tiger reserve located in the Angul district of Odisha, India covering an area of 988.30 km².
 It is located where the Mahanadi River passes through a 22 km long gorge in the Eastern
Ghats mountains.
 The tiger reserve is located in the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion.
 The major plant communities are mixed deciduous forests including Sal (Shorea robusta), and riverine
forest.
 Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary was created in 1976, with an area of 796 km².
 Saktosia Tiger Reserve was designated in 2007, and comprises the Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary
and the adjacent Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary.
2. Simlipal National Park is
 a national park and a tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha.

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 It is part of the Similipal-Kuldiha-Hadgarh Elephant Reserve popularly known as Mayurbhanj Elephant
Reserve, which includes three protected areas — Similipal Tiger Reserve (2750.00 km2), Hadgarh
Wildlife Sanctuary (191.06 km2) and Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary (272.75 km2)).
 Simlipal National Park derives its name from the abundance of semul (red silk cotton trees) that bloom
here.
 It was the second largest national park in India.
 The park has a protected area of 845.70 square kilometres (326.53 sq mi) and has some beautiful
waterfalls like Joranda and Barehipani.
 Simlipal is home to 99 royal Bengal tigers and 432 wild elephants.
 Besides Simlipal is famous for gaurs (Indian bison), chausingha, as well as an orchidarium.
 This reserve is part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 2009.

Rajasthan:
1. Ranthambore National Park or Ranthambhore is
 one of the largest national parks in northernIndia, covering entire area of 392 km².
 It is situated in the Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan, about 110 km northeast
of Kota and 140 km southeast of Jaipur, which is also the nearest airport.
 The nearest town and railway station is at Sawai Madhopur, about 11 km away.
 The park is also close to the Kota railway station. RIDCOR operates a mega-highway between Kota and
Ranthambhore.
 Ranthambore National Park lies at the edge of a plateau and is bounded to the north by the Banas
River and to the south by the Chambal River.
 It is named after the historic Ranthambhore fortress, which lies within the park.
 Ranthambhore was established as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955 by the Government
of India and was declared one of the Project Tiger reserves in 1973.
 Ranthambore became a national park in 1980. In 1984, the adjacent forests were declared the Sawai
Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary, and in 1991 the tiger reserve was enlarged to include
the Sawai Man Singh and Keladevi sanctuaries.
 Ranthambore wildlife sanctuary is known for its Bengal tigers, and is one of the best places in India to
see these animals in their natural jungle habitat.

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 Tigers can be easily spotted even in the daytime.
 The best times for tiger sightings at Ranthambore National Park are in November and May.
 The park's deciduous forests are characteristic examples of the type of jungle found in Central India.
 Other fauna include the Indian leopard, nilgai, wild boar, sambar, striped hyena, sloth bear, southern
plains gray langur, rhesus macaque, mugger crocodile and chital.
 The sanctuary is home to a wide variety of trees, plants, birds and reptiles, as well as one of the
largest banyan trees in India.
2. Sariska Tiger Reserve
 a national park and tiger reserve located in the Alwar district of the state of Rajasthan, India.
 The topography of the protected area comprises scrub-thorn arid forests, rocky landscapes, dry
deciduous forests, rocks, grasses and hilly cliffs.
 This area was a hunting preserve of the Alwar state and it was declared a wildlife reserve in 1955.
 It was given the status of a tiger reserve making it a part of India's Project Tiger in 1978.
 The reserve was declared a national park in 1982, with a total area of about 273.8 km2 (105.7 sq mi).
 It is the first reserve in the world to have successfully relocated tigers.
 It is a part of the Aravalli Range and the Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests' ecoregion.
 It is rich in mineral resources, such as copper.
 In spite of the Supreme Court's 1991 ban on mining in the airarea, marble mining continues to threaten
the environment
3. Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve
 After Ranthambhore and Sariska, Rajasthan will now be home to a third big cat habitat-the Mukundara
Hills Tiger Reserve.
 The new tiger reserve, located chiefly in Rajasthan's Hadoti region, was notified by the state
government.
 The reserve, expected to ease the big cat population pressure in Ranthambhore, will cover the existing
Darrah, Jawahar Sagar and Chambal wildlife sanctuaries.
 Currently, the Ranthambhore tiger reserve is home to 50 tigers while Sariska tiger reserve has nine big
cats.

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 State governments are authorised, on the recommendations of the National Tiger Conservation
Authority, to notify an area as a tiger reserve under section 38 V of theWildlife Protection Act, 1972.
 Earlier union minister of environment and forests Jayanti Natarajan had informed the Lok Sabha that
the NTCA had given in-principle approval to five new tiger reserves-Pilibhit (Uttar Pradesh), Ratapani
(Madhya Pradesh), Sunabeda (Odisha), Mukundara Hills (Rajasthan) and Satyamangalam (Tamil
Nadu)
 The Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve currently does not have a tiger population of its own but serves as
a natural extension to the Ranthambhore tiger reserve and big cats from the state's premier reserve
often stray into the MHTR area for breeding.
 The NTCA already recognises the MHTR as an extension of the core area of the Ranthambhore tiger
reserve.
Tamilnadu:
1. Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR),
 located in the Southern Western Ghats in Tirunelveli District and Kanyakumari District in the South
Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is the second-largest protected area in Tamil Nadu State (behind
only Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary in Erode).
 KMTR forms part of the inter-state (Kerala and Tamil Nadu) Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve.
 This part of Agastya Mala hills in the core of KMTR is considered one of the five centres
of biodiversity and endemism in India by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
 The Western Ghats, Agasthyamalai Sub-Cluster, including all of Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger
Reserve, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World
Heritage Site.
2. Anamalai Tiger Reserve,
 Earlier known as Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park (IGWLS&NP) and previously as
Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, is a protected area located in the Anaimalai
Hills of Pollachi, Valparai and Udumalpet taluks of Coimbatore District and Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu
state, South India.
 The Tamil Nadu Environment and Forests Department by a notification dated 27 June 2007, declared
an extent of 958.59 km2 that encompassed the erstwhile IGWLS&NP or Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary,
as Anamalai Tiger Reserve under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
 The area was notified as Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary in 1974. of its unique habitats at 3 places –
Karian Shola, Grass hills, Manjampatti Valley were notified as a National Park in 1989.

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 The 108 square kilometres (42 sq mi) National Park is the core area of the 958 square kilometres
(370 sq mi) Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary.
 IGWS was declared a Project Tiger tiger reserve in 2008.
 The Park and the Sanctuary is under consideration by UNESCO as part of The Western Ghats World
Heritage site.
 The Sanctuary and the Palni Hills in Dindigul District form the Anaimalai Conservation Area.
3. The Mudumalai National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary
 also a declared tiger reserve, lies on the northwestern side of the Nilgiri Hills (Blue Mountains), in Nilgiri
District, about 150 kilometres (93 mi) north-west of Coimbatore city in Tamil Nadu.
 It shares its boundaries with the states of Karnataka and Kerala.
 The sanctuary is divided into five ranges – Masinagudi, Thepakadu, Mudumalai, Kargudi and Nellakota.
 The protected area is home to several endangered and vulnerable species including Indian
elephant, Bengal tiger, gaur and Indian leopard. There are at least 266 species of birds in the sanctuary,
including critically endangered Indian white-rumped vulture and long-billed vulture
 The Western Ghats Nilgiri Sub-Cluster of 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi), including all of
Mudumalai National Park, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for
selection as a World Heritage Site.
4. Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve is
 a protected area and tiger reserve along the Western Ghats in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
 First declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 2008 and enlarged in 2011, it covers a forest area of
1,411.6 km2(545.0 sq mi) and is the largest wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. In 2013, it became the
fourth tiger reserve as a part of Project Tigerin the state of Tamil Nadu.
 Sathyamangalam forest range is a significant wildlife corridor in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve between
the Western Ghats and the rest of the Eastern Ghats and a genetic link between the four other protected
areas which it adjoins, including the Billigiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Sigur
Plateau, Mudumalai National Park and Bandipur National Park.

Telangana:

1. Kawal Tiger Reserve is

 located at Jannaram mandal of Mancherial District (Old Adilabad district) in Telangana state of India.

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 Govt of India declared Kawal wildlife sanctuary as Tiger Reserve in 2012.
 The Oldest Sanctuary in the northern Telangana region of the state.
 This is well known for its abudant flora and fauna.
 This sancturay is catchment for the river godavari and kadam that flows towards the south of sancturay.
2. Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is
 the largest tiger reserve in India .
 The reserve spreads over five districts, Nalgonda District, Mahbubnagar district, Kurnool
District, Prakasam District and Guntur District.
 The total area of the tiger reserve is 3,568 km2 (1,378 sq mi).
 The core area of this reserve is 1,200 km2 (460 sq mi).
 The reservoirs and temples of Srisailam are major attraction for many tourists and pilgrims.
 The area consists mostly of Nallamala Hills but varies from plains to precipitous cliffs. More than 80 per
cent of the area is gently rolling to hilly. High hills, deep valleys and gorges are characteristic features.
 The hill ranges contain number of plateau of which Amrabad, Srisailam, Peddacheruvu, Sivapuram,
Nekkanti are noteworthy.
 Nagarjunasagar receives rains from the southwest monsoon which is active from second half of June
to the end of September.
 After a dry spell of one month during October, the northeast monsoon becomes active.
 The wildlife is generally confined to plateaues during monsoon and in valleys during summer.
 The perennial water sources are generally located in the valleys and the plateaus suffer from acute
scarcity for water during summer.
 The Krishna river cuts its basin almost 200 m (660 ft) deep over a distance of 130 km (81 mi) through
the reserve.
 There are several waterfalls in the reserve such as the Ethipothala Falls, Pedda Dukudu, Gundam and
Chaleswaram.

Uttar Pradesh:
1. The Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is
 a protected area in Uttar Pradesh that stretches mainly across the Lakhimpur Kheri and Bahraich
districts and comprises the Dudhwa National Park, Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary and Katarniaghat
Wildlife Sanctuary.

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 It covers an area of 1,284.3 km2 (495.9 sq mi) and includes three large forest fragments amidst the
matrix dominated by agriculture.
 It shares the north-eastern boundary with Nepal, which is defined to a large extent by the Mohana
River.
 The area is a vast alluvial floodplain traversed by numerous rivers and streams flowing in south-easterly
direction.
2. Pilibhit Tiger Reserve
 located in Pilibhit district, Lakhimpur Kheri District and Bahraich District of Uttar Pradesh state in India.
 It lies along the India-Nepal border in the foothills of the Himalayas and the plains of the ‘terai’ in Uttar
Pradesh.
 It is one of India's 41 Project Tiger Tiger reserves.
 Pilibhit is one of the few well forested districts in Uttar Pradesh.
 This reserve is one of the finest examples of the highly diversified and productive Terai-Duar savanna
and grasslands eco-system.
 The Dudhwa tigers are distributed in one major and three smaller populations. Major population is
constituted by Dudhwa reserve which includes Dudhwa National Park, Kishenpur and Katarniaghat
wildlife sanctuaries, Pilibhit forests and north and south Kheri forests.
 Smaller tiger populations are present in Bijnor forests in west and Suhelwa and Sohagibarwa wildlife
sanctuaries in east.
 According to a study by Wildlife Institute of India (WII), the Dudhwa-Pilibhit tiger population has high
conservation value since it is the only population having the ecological and behavioural adaptations of
the tiger unique to the Tarai region.

Uttarakhand:
1. Rajaji National Park is
 an Indian national park and tiger reserve that encompasses the Shivaliks, near the foothills of
the Himalayas.
 The park is spread over 820 km2. and three districts of Uttarakhand: Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri
Garhwal.
 In 1983, three wildlife sanctuaries in the area namely, Chilla, Motichur and Rajaji sanctuaries were
merged into one.

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 Rajaji National Park has been named after C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji), a prominent leader of the
Freedom Struggle, the second and last Governor-General of independent India and one of the first
recipients of India's highest civilian award Bharat Ratna (in 1954).
 Rajaji National Park of India is nestled between the Shivalik ranges and the Indo-Gangetic plains.
 Broadleaved deciduous forests, riverine vegetation, scrubland, grasslands and pine forests form the
range of flora in this park.
 The dense jungles here are home to vivacious wildlife.
 The varied topography of the national park is also responsible for vivid animal life inhibited here.
2. Jim Corbett National Park is
 the oldest national park in India and was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to protect
the endangered Bengal tiger.
 It is located in Nainital district of Uttarakhand and was named after Jim Corbett who played a key role
in its establishment.
 The park was the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative.
 The park has sub-Himalayan belt geographical and ecological characteristics.
 An ecotourism destination, it contains 488 different species of plants and a diverse variety of fauna.
 The increase in tourist activities, among other problems, continues to present a serious challenge to
the park's ecological balance.
 Corbett has been a haunt for tourists and wildlife lovers for a long time. Tourism activity is only allowed
in selected areas of Corbett Tiger Reserve so that people get an opportunity to see its splendid
landscape and the diverse wildlife.
 In recent years the number of people coming here has increased dramatically. Presently, every season
more than 70,000 visitors come to the park.
 Corbett National Park comprises area of hills, riverine belts, marshy depressions, grasslands and a
large lake.
 Winter nights are cold but the days are bright and sunny. It rains from July to September.
 Dense moist deciduous forest mainly consists of sal, haldu, peepal, rohini and mango trees.
 Forest covers almost 73% of the park, 10% of the area consists of grasslands.
 It houses around 110 tree species, 50 species of mammals, 580 bird species and 25 reptile species.

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West Bengal:
1. The Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR)
 a 760-square-kilometre tiger reserve located inside the Buxa National Park in West Bengal, India, in
the Buxa Hills of the southern hilly area of Bhutan. Animals found in the park include,
the tiger, civet, elephant, gaur (Indian bison), Indian boar and red jungle fowl.
 Buxa Tiger Reserve lies in Alipurduar district of West Bengal.
 Its northern boundary runs along the international border with Bhutan.
 The Sinchula hill range lies all along the northern side of BTR and the eastern boundary touches that
of the Assam state.
2. The Sundarban National Park is
 A National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve in West Bengal, India.
 It is part of the Sundarbans on the Ganges Delta, and adjacent to the Sundarban Reserve Forest
in Bangladesh.
 The delta is densely covered by mangrove forests, and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal
tiger.
 It is also home to a variety of bird, reptile and invertebrate species, including the salt-water crocodile.
 The present Sundarban National Park was declared as the core area of Sundarban Tiger Reserve in
1973 and a wildlife sanctuary in 1977.
 It is a UNESCO world heritage site inscripted in 1987.
 It is considered as a World Network of Biosphere Reserve (Man and Biosphere Reserve) in 2001.

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