1.

List five methods of produced water treating equipment

Gravity separation
Plate coalescence
Enhanced coalescence
Gas Flotation
Enhanced gravity separation
Filtration
2. List the approximate minimum drop size removal capabilities for
the following equipment types:

3. Produced water will always have some form of primary treating prior to
disposal. This system could take the form of a skim tank, skim vessel, CPI,
cross-flow separator, SP Pack, or gas flotation unit. Depending upon the severity
of the treating problem, secondary treatment may be required. List three
examples of secondary treatment that are commonly used:

Cross-Flow (Atmospheric)
Flotation Unit
SP Pack

4. List the three basic phenomena that are used in the design of common produced
water treating equipment:
5. The dispersion process is diametrically opposed by coalescence, which is the
process in which small droplets collide and combine into larger droplets. True or
false?
True
As the oil and water mixture flows through the piping, these two processes are
simultaneously occurring. In the piping a droplet of oil splits into smaller
droplets when the kinetic energy of its motion is larger than the difference in
surface energy between the single droplet and the two smaller droplets formed
from it.

A medida que la mezcla de aceite y agua fluye a través de la tubería, estos dos
procesos ocurren simultáneamente. En la tubería, una gota de aceite se divide en
gotas más pequeñas cuando la energía cinética de su movimiento es mayor que
la diferencia en la energía superficial entre la gota única y las dos gotas más
pequeñas formadas a partir de ella.

6. Flotation is a process
7. Skim vessels are not recommended when

8. Plate separators generally exhibit the following advantages:

9. Plate separators are recommended when

-Water Flow rate is steady or feed is from a pump.

-Utilities and equipmente are available to periodically clean the plate packs.
-Influent oil content is high and oil concentration must be reduced 150 mg/l for
effective second-stage treatming in a downstram unit.
-Solid contaminants are not significant in the waste stream, and sand content is
les tan 110 ppm.

10. Gas flotation units should be used when