QUIZ on ALVEOLAR BONE and ORAL MOCOSA

1-3 Enumerate three structures of the alveolar bone?

*1. circumferential
*2. interstitial
*3. concentric

4-8 Give five examples of lining mucosa?

*4. Buccal Mucosa
*5. Labial Mucosa
*6. Alveolar Mucosa
*7. Mucosa lining the ventral surface of the tongue
*8. floor of the mouth & soft palate

10. Spaces in bone which houses osteocytes?

*10. Lacunae
* The osteocytes are located inside spaces called lacunae (singular = lacuna), found at the borders of
adjacent lamellae. As described earlier, canaliculi connect with the canaliculi of other lacunae and
eventually with the central canal.

ESSAY
1. The maxilla and mandible fall under what type of bone ossification? Support your answer 5 pts
Maxilla and Mandible falls under the “Intramembranous Type of Ossification” The Facial bones of the
skull which is Maxilla and Mandible is a bony structure that supports the face, because skull is comprised
of many bones, which is primarily formed by “intramembranous ossification”. Intramembranous
ossification is the process of bone development from fibrous connective tissue membranes. It is involved
in the formation of the flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles. Ossification begins as
mesenchymal cells form a template of the future bone.
For the Intramembranous bone ossification of maxilla, it starts around the 8th week and the center of
ossification appears in the angle between the division of a nerve specifically where the anterosuperior
dental nerve is giving off from the inferior branch of infra orbital nerve, above that part of the dental
lamina from which develop the enamel organ of the canine. From this center, the bone spreads,
posteriorly below the orbit toward the developing zygoma, anteriorly towards the future incisor region,
and superiorly to form frontal process.
While the process of bone ossification of Mandible both undergoes the process of “ Intramembranous
Ossification and Endochondral ossification”. It is because Mandible forms partly by intramembranous
and partly by intracartilaginous ossification. Greater part of body, ramus, condyloid and coronoid
process are intramembranous in origin. Only the tip of condyloid and coronoid process are of
endochondral origin, which means only the body of mandible except anterior part and ramus of
mandible till mandibular foramen partly undergoes “Intramembranous ossification”, while
“Endochondral ossification” is seen in 3 areas of mandible particularly in condylar process, coronoid
process, mental process. It is also seen in anterior portion of the mandible (symphysis) and part of
ramus above the mandibular foramen. Endochondral ossification is the process of bone development
from hyaline cartilage. All of the bones of the body, except for the flat bones of the skull, mandible, and
clavicles, are formed through endochondral ossification. In long bones, chondrocytes form a template of
the hyaline cartilage diaphysis. In short, INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION: forms the flat bones of the
skull, face, jaw, and center of clavicle. bone is formed in sheet-like layers that resemble a membrane
while ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION: forms most bones in the body, mostly long bones, and replace
cartilage with bone.

2. Why does a masticatory mucosa be covered with a keratinized epithelium? 5 pts

Masticatory mucosa is covered with a keratinized epithelium because Keratinized tissues are important
where there is physical abrasion as well as the possibility of desiccation and water loss. Keratinized cells
are specially structured to be waterproof and reduce evaporation from underlying tissues and are
therefore an important part of the epidermis or external skin. Keratinized surfaces are protected from
abrasion by keratin and kept hydrated and protected from dehydration by glycolipids produced in the
stratum granulosum. Examples of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include epidermis of the
palm of the hand and sole of the foot, and the masticatory mucosa found on the dorsum of the tongue,
hard palate, and attached gingiva. It is also because all forms of epithelium act as a barrier to pathogenic
invasion and mechanical irritation and offer protection against dryness. These protective features are
accentuated in epithelium with keratin. Masticatory mucosa is noted for its rubbery surface texture and
resiliency. Histologically, masticatory mucosa is associated with orthokeratinized stratified squamous
epithelium, as well as parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Unlike lining mucosa discussed
earlier, the interface between the epithelium and lamina propria in masticatory mucosa is highly
interdigitated with numerous and more-pronounced rete ridges and connective tissue papillae, giving it
a firm base. In addition, the submucosa is an extremely thin layer or is absent. When masticatory
mucosa overlies bone, with or without submucosa, it increases the firmness of the tissue.

https://www.livescience.com/44377-sensitive-teeth.html
https://decisionsindentistry.com/article/diagnosing-and-treating-dentin-hypersensitivity/
https://decisionsindentistry.com/article/etiology-treatment-dentinal-hypersensativity/
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Dentin-Hypersensitivity.aspx
https://www.colgatetalks.com/dentin-hypersensitivity/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3927677/
https://www.colgateprofessional.com/education/professional-education/topics/patient-care/dentin-
hypersensitivity-causes-and-how-to-manage-it
https://www.healthline.com/health/sensitive-teeth - 3