SBOA MATRICULATION HR.

SEC SCHOOL, CHENNAI- 101

CLASS: XI CHEMISTRY QUESTION BANK

Basic concepts of chemistry and chemical calculations

1. Average atomic mass (4)

2. Unified atomic mass (4)
3. Avogadro number (7)
4. Molar mass (8)
5. Define equivalent mass (8)
6. Write formula for calculating the equivalent mass of the following (9)
I. Acid
II. Bases
III. Oxidising or reducing agent
7. Empirical formula and molecular formula (10)
8. Define mole?
9. Define stiochiometry (13)
10. What is limiting and reducing reagent? (17)
11. Define oxidation , reduction and redox reactions based on electons (19,20)
12. Define oxidation number (20)
13. Combination reaction (22)
14. Decomposition reaction (22)
15. What is auto redox reaction ? (23)
16. Displacement reaction and its types (23)
17. What is difference between molar mass and molecular mass ? calculate the
molecular mass and molar mass for carbon monoxide ? (q.37 pg 34)
18. What is empirical formula of the following : (Q.38 PG 34)
I. Fructose (C6H12O6) found in honey
II. Caffeine (C8H10N4O2)
19.calculate the
I. no. of moles(8)
II. molar mass(5)
III. no. of molecules(8)
IV. based on stoichiometry(15)
V. oxidation no.(21)
20.balance equation
 I. oxidation no.
II. ion electron method
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF ATOM.

1. Rutherford scattering experiment(39)

2. Rutherford model of atom and limitation(39)
3. Limitations of Bohr atom model(40)
4. Davison and Germer experiment(42)
5. Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle(42)
6. Pauli exclusion principle(52)
7. Aufbau principle(53)
8. Hund’s rule (53)
9. Exchange energy(56)
10. Define orbital
11. Electronic configuration of Mn2+,cr3+
12. No. Of M values and no. Of orbitals for the following1)n=4,l=2 2)n=5,l=3
13. N and l values for 3px and 4dx2-y2 electron
14. How many orbitals are possible for n=4
15. How many radial nodes and angular nodes for 2s,4p,5d and 5f orbit
16. An atom of a element contains 35electons and 45 protons .Write the
electronic configuration and four quantum numbers for the last electron.
17. Which has stable configuration .why? Fe3+ or Ni2+

QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF ATOM.(5 marks)

1. Bohr’s atom model(39)

2. Louis de-broglie equation(40)
3. Erwin schrodinger equation(43)
4. Main features of the quantum mechanical model(44)
5. Principal & Azimuthal quantum number(44)
6. Magnetic & Spin quantum number(44)
7. shape of orbitals.(48-50)
 PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

1. Dobereiner classification(69)
2. A.E.B de Chancourtoisclassification(70)
3. Law of octaves(70)
4. Mendeleev’s classification(70)
5. Modern periodic law(73)
6. Atomic radius (79)
7. Covalent radius(80)
8. Metallic radius(83)
9. Ionic radius(83)
10. Ionization energy(84)
11. I.E2>I.E1, why ? (84)
12. Electron affinity(86)
13. Why noble gases have zero electron affinity(86)
14. What are isoelectronic ions? Give examples()
15. What is effective nuclear charge?
16. Electronegativity.
17. I.E1 of Na < Mg, while I.E2 of Na >Mg why?
18. I.E of N>O.why? I.E of C>B. why?
19. F F- is exothermic while O O2- is endothermic. Give reason.
20. Screening effect or shielding effect
21. E.A of Be,N,inert gases are zero.why?(86)
22. halogens have high E.A.why?(86)
23. E.A of O<S,F<Cl .why?(87)
24. how metallic character related to I.E(90)
25. calculate
I. effective nuclear charge(81)
II. covalent radius(80)

PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS (5 marks)

1. Pauling method to calculate ionic radius(83)
2. Periodic variation in ionization energy&atomic radius(84,82)
3. Periodic variation of electron affinity(86)
4. Periodic variation of electronegativity(87)
5. Explain diagonal relationship(90)
6. Basis for pauling scale of E.N(87)
7. Types of elements(77)

HYDROGEN

1. What are the isotopes of hydrogen(101)

2. Justify the position of hydrogen in periodic table(101)
3. Write note on Protium, Deuterium, Tritium(101)
4. What are Ortho and Para hydrogen(102)
5. Write a note on laboratory preparation of hydrogen(103)
6. Write a note on industrial preparation of hydrogen(103)
7. What is water gas? How it is produced or syn gas (103)
8. Water gas shift reaction(103)
9. Preparation of deuterium(104)
10. Preparation of tritium(104)
11. Write a note on chemical properties of hydrogen(104)
I. H2 with O2
II. H2 with metals
III. H2 with X2
IV. H2 reducing agent
12. Uses of hydrogen(105)
13. Write a note on deuterium exchange reaction(105)
14. Water has high boiling point. why?(106)
15. Water is amphoteric oxide. why?(108)
16. Write about permanent hardness, temporary hardness(109)
17. Preparation and uses of heavy water(110)
18. Write about hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)(111)
19. H2O2 cannot be stored in glass water(112)
20. Write the structure and uses of H2O2(112)
21. Define hydrides and mention the types of hydrides(113)
22. Write a note on hydrogen bonding and types(113)
23. Water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with one another. why?(114)
24. Do you think that heavy water can be used for drinking purpose
25. Why Interstial hydrides have lower density than parent metal(113)
26. How do you expect the metallic hydrides to be useful for hydrogen
storage(113)
27. Hard water produces less foam with detergents, why( 110)
28. covert para to ortho Hydrogen(102)
29. H2 O2 oxidizing and reducing agent(112)
30. density of ice is less than water .why?(114)
31. hydrogen-future fuel. difficulty in using.(117)

HYDOGEN( 5 MARKS)

1. Explain Clark’s method(109)

2. Explain the Structure of hydrogen peroxide(112)
3. Explain covalent and metallic hydrides(113)
4. Explain inter molecular hydrogen bonding(114)
5. Explain the structure of ice(114)
6. Compare the structure of H2O and H2O2(114 and 115)
7. removal of temporary and permanent hardness from hard water(109)

ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS

1. Flame colouration (128)

2. Compare the properties of lithium with other metals of the period (129)
3. Similarities between Li and Mg (129)
4. Diagonal relationship between Li and Mg (129)
5. Uses of Li (131)
6. Uses of Na and Cs (131)
7. What is soda ash? and how it is prepared ? (133)
8. Uses of sodium carbonate (133)
9. Uses of sodium hydroxide (134)
10. What are the properties of sodium bicarbonate (134)
11. Biological importance of sodium and potassium (135)
12. Why is sodium hydro chloride much more soluble ethanchloride
13. Effervescence
14. Answer the following
a. Lithium nitrogen
b. Rubidium with oxygen
c. KOH with CO2
d. Heating calcium carbonate
I. With calcium
II. With oxygen
15. Give systematic name for the following
a. Milk of magnesia
b. Dye
c. Lime
d. Caustic potash
16. Beryllium halides are covalent where as magnesium halides are ionic. Why?
(132)
17. Why alkaline earth metals are harder than alkali metals?
18. How is plaster of paris is prepared?(147)
19. Give the uses of gypsum?(146)
20. Describe the biological importance of calcium and magnesium(148)
21. Diagonal relationship between beryllium and aluminium(140)
22. Uses of beryllium and calcium strontium(141)
23. How is gypsum is prepared and give its uses(145,146)
24. What is alabaster(146)
25. What is desert rose(146)
26. general characteristics of alkali metals (126)
27. Li salts are more soluble than salts of same group .Why?(128)
28. alkali metals with
I. oxygen
II. liquid ammonia

Alkali and alkaline earth metals(5 marks)

1. Explain Solvey process of preparation sodium carbonate?

2. Castner keller method of sodium hydroxide (:134)
3. Calcium oxide(Cao)-(144)
I. preparation
 II. properties
III. uses
4. calcium hydroxide (CaOH) -(145)
I. preparation
II. properties
III. uses
5. Write short note on plaster of paris ?(147)
6. Compare the properties of lithium with other metals of the period (129)
7. Similarities between Li and Mg (129)
8. Similarities between Al and Be (140)

GASEOUS STATE

1. State Boyle’s law.(161)

2. consequence of boyle’s law(161)
3. State Charles law.(162)
4. Define : Absolute Zero by kelvin.(164)
5. A balloon filled with air at room temperature and cooled to a much lower
temperature can be used as a model for Charles law -Justify.(163)
6. State Gay Lussac’s law.(164)
7. State Avagadro’s hypothesis.(165)
8. State two items that can serve as a model for Gay Lussac’s law.
9. Give mathematical expression that relates the volume of a gas and number
of moles.(166)
10. What are ideal gases, give ideal gas equation.(164)
11. State Daltons law of partial pressure.(167)
12. Define partial pressure.(166)
13. Distinguish between diffusion and Effusion .(168)
14. State Graham’s law of Diffusion.(168)
15. What do you mean by compressibility factor?(169)
16. compressibility factor for real gases?(171)
17. Define Boyle’s point. Mention it significance.
18. What are ideal gases? In what way real gases differ from ideal gas.(169).
19. Can Vander Waals gases with a=0 be liquefied,explain.
20. Which of the following gases would you expect to deviate from ideal
behaviour under conditions of low temperature?F2, Cl2, or Br2 -why?
 21. Give Vander Waals equation of state and explain.(171)
22. Define Tc ,Vc and Pc .
23. Significance of Vander Waals constant(174)
24. Joule Thomson effect.(175)
25. Define inversion temperature(175)
26. Linde’s and Clande’s process(175)
Gaseous state [5mark]

1. Derive the values of critical constants in terms of Vander Waals

constant(174)
2. Pressure correction (171)
3. Volume correction (171)
4. Andrew's isotherm(172)
5. Adiabatic process of liquefaction of gases (175)

THERMODYNAMICS

1. State 1st law of thermodynamics.(195)

2. Intensive and Extensive properties.(189)
3. Define the following terms,
I. Isothermal process(190)
II. Adiabatic process & Isobaric process(190)
III. Isochoric process(190)
IV. Reversible and irreversible (189)
4. Cyclic process & its characteristics.(190)
5. State function with example.(190)
6. Path function with example.(191)
7. Define internal energy. Its importance & characteristics.(191)
8. Work and its unit.(192)
9. Zeroth law of thermodynamics.(195)
10. Statement of 1st law of thermodynamics(195)
11. Define enthalpy(197)
12. Molar heat capacity of the system(200)
13. Relationship between cp and cv.(201)
14. Caloric value of food and fuel(206)
15. Enthalpy of solution.(206)
16. Enthalpy of neutralization &combustion.(206)
17. Molar enthalpy of Fusion, sublimation and vapourisation.(206,207)
18. Hess’s law and heat of transition (207)
19. Lattice energy.(208)
20. Define entropy, unit of entropy?(210,211)
21. Second law of thermodynamics and its various statements.(210)
22. Carnot statement.
23. Standard entropy of ,
a. Formation (212)
b. Fusion (213)
c. Vapourisation (213)
d. Transition(213)
24. Define Gibb’s free energy.(213)
25. Predict the feasibility of a reaction when
a. both Δ H & ΔS positive
b. Δ H and Δ S negative
c. Δ H decreasing , ΔS increasing.
26. Criteria for spontaneous of a process.(215)
27. Third law of thermodynamics(218)
28. What is the scope of thermodynamics. (187)
29. What are the types of system. (188)
30. Define standard heat of formation. (198)
31. Define standard enthalpy of reaction.(199)
THERMODYNAMICS(5 marks)
1. Characteristics of internal energy (191)
2. Derive the relationship between H and U (197)
3. Explain how heat absorbed at constant pressure is measured using coffee
cup calorimeter with neat diagram (204)
4. Write down born Haber cycle for CaCl2 (208)
5. Calculation of lattice enthalpy of NaCl (208)
6. Characteristics of Gibbs free energy (213,214)
7. Work involved in compression and expansion process
8. What are spontaneous reactions? What are the condition of spontaneity
(215)
9. Enthalpy of neutralization is always a constant when a strong acid is
neutralized by strong base account for the statement.
10. Relationship between standard free energy and equation constant.(216)
EQULIBRIUM (3Marks)

1. Types of physical equilibrium(3)

2. Chemical equation is called dynamic equation?(5)
3. Homogenous & heterogeneous equation (5)
4. Law of mass action (5)
5. Write k p &k c for equation reaction
6. Calculate ∆ ng for the reaction
7. Application of equation constant (10)
8. Define Q (11)
9. Predict the direction of reaction from Q value (11)
10. Define le –chatlier principle.(16)
11. Dependence of extent of reaction on kc. (10)
12. Relate equation constant. (11)
13. Effect of the following on equation reaction
I. Concentration (16)
II. Pressure (17)
III. Temperature
IV. Catalyst (18)
V. Inert gas (19)

Equilibrium(5Marks)

1. Relation between k p & k c (6)

2. K p & k c for formation of HI (12)
3. K p & k c for dissociation of P c l g (13)
4. K p & k c for synthesis of ammonia (14)
5. Vant hoff equation (20)
 SOLUTIONS (3Marks)

1. Types of solutions (31)

2. Molality , molarity , normality , formality , mole fraction , mass % , volume
% , mass by volume , ppm(32-34)
3. Standard solution or stock solution (35)
4. Working standard (35)
5. Advantages of standard solution (35)
6. Henry’s law (38)
7. Why carbonated drinks are stored in a pressurized containers ? (39)
8. Why deep - sea divers use air diluted with helium gas in their air tanks ?(40)
9. Limitation of Henry’s law (40)
10. Raoult’s law (43)
11. Relative lowering of v .p (45)
12. Comparison of Raoult’ s law and Henry’s law (45)
13. Ideal solution (45)
14. Non ideal solution (46)
15. Characters of ideal solution (46)
16. Vapour pressure of ethanol in water is greater than
a. P ethanol + P water , why? (46)
17. P Aniline in phenol <P aniline + P phenolwhy ? (47)
18. Colligative properties (49)
19. Elevation of b. p (52)
20. Depression in freezing point (53)
21. Ebullioscopic constant (53)
22. Cryoscopic constant (54)
23. Osmosis (55)
24. Significance of osmotic pressure (56)
25. Osmotic pressure (55)
26. Isotonic solution (56)
27. Reverse osmosis (57)
28. Vantoff equation (56)
29. Calculated molar mass of CH3COOH > actual molar mass. why ? (58)
30. Calculated molar mass of NaCl< actual molar mass. why? (58)
31. Vant Hoff factor (58)
32. How is degree of association related to vant- hoff factor (i)?
33. What is the vapour pressure of a liquid? (41)
34. How is degree of dissociation related to vant hoff factor(59)
35. Give reason.(37)
I) dissociation of ammonium nitrate with T.
II) solubility of ferric chlorideincreases moderately with increase in T.
III) solubility of CaCl2 increases moderately with increase in T.
IV) hemolysis(47)
V) cell shrink and die. (57)

SOLUTIONS (5 marks)

1. Factors influencing solubility (36)

2. Factors responsible for deviation from Raoult’s law (18)
3. Derive expression for lowering of vapour pressure when non volatile
solute is dissolved in solvent (45)
4. Application of reverse osmosis (57)
5. Determination of molar mass from relative lowering of vapour pressure
(50)
6. Determination of molar mass from depression in freezing point (54)
7. Determination of molar mass from osmotic pressure (56)

Chemical Bonding

1. Octet Rule (69)

2. Covalent Bond (69)
3. Write the Lewis dot structure for CO2,O3,HNO3,H20,N2O &SO3
4. What do you mean by formal charge?(72)
5. Formula of step to find formal charge? (72)
6. Find formal charge of ‘C’ in a) CO b) O in COCl2 c) S inSO3 d) Each O inO3
7. Ionic bond? (74)
8. Coordinate bond ? (75)
9. Bond length? (76)
10. Bond order? (76)
11. Bond angle? (77)
12. Bond enthalpy? (77)
13. What do you mean by resonance? (78)
14. Resonance sharing of a)CO32- b)O3
15. HF is ionic in nature. Give Reason? (79)
16. Dipole moment
17. Compare the dipole moment of OCS and CS2
18. Fajan’s Rule (81) or Explain covalent character in Ionic compound
19. Among NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3. Which is more Ionic, Why?
20. CuCl is more covalent than NaCl – Why?
21. Principle of VSEPR Theory (81)
22. I)Based on VSEPR Theory Predict the shape and hybridisation of (83)
a) BeCl2 b) BF3 c)CH4
ii) Based on the VSEPR theory predict the shape of
a) PCl5 b)SF6 c)IF7
23. Salient features of VB theory (86)
24. Sigma Bond and Pi Bond (87)
25. Define Hybridisation (89)
26. Explain the sp Hybridisation of BeCl2
27. Explain the sp2 Hybridisation of BF3
28. Salient features of MO Theory(97)
29. Draw MO diagram of H2 molecule
30. Draw MO diagram of lithium molecule
31. What do you mean by metallic bonding
32. Which has the highest bond order N2, N2+ and N2-

Chemical bonding(Detail Answers)

1. Based on VSEPR Theory , explain the sharing of (83)
a) H20 b)NH3 c)SF4
2. Explain the sp3 hybridisation(92)
3. Explain the hybridisation in Pcl5 (93)
4. Explain the hybridization in SF6 (94)
5. Explain the formation of
i) Acetylene ii)Ethylene (95)

6. Draw and Explain the Mo diagram for

a) O2 b) N2 c) C2 d) NO e) CO (100,101)

7. Hydrogen is Diatomic where as the inert gas are monoatomic, explain with MO
theory(99)

8. Compare the dipole moment of CO2 and H2O(80)

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (3M)

1. Homologous series (112)

2. Cis-trans isomer (135)
3. Trans isomer more stable than cis (136)
4. Oximes and azo compounds – geometrical isomerism (136)
5. Optical isomerism (137)
6. Enantiomers (137)
7. Condition for enantiomerism (137)
8. Lassaigne’s extract (138)
9. How will you detect the following elements in the organic compounds
I. Carbon &Hydrogen (138)
II. Sulphur (139)
III. Oxidation test detect S (139)
IV. Halogen (139)
V. Phosphorous (139)
VI. Nitrogen and sulphur(138)
10. Steps involved in crystallization (148)
11. Chromatography (151)
 12. Principle behind chromatography , write a note on partition
chromatography (151,152)
13. Rf factor (152)
14. Adsorpstion chromatography (151)
15. Functional group .
16. What is simple distillation (149)
17. Characteristics of organic compound (111)
18. General formula for the homogenous series and its functional group (113)
19. What is geometrical isomerism (135)
20. Detection of nitrogen (138)
21. Fractional distillation (149)
22. Differential extraction (150)

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ORGANIC REACTIONS

1. Homolytic cleavage (162)

2. Heterolytic cleavage (162)
3. Nucleophile & electrophile types , with examples
4. Inductive effect with +I , -I with examples (166)
5. Electromeric effect with +E , -E with examples (168)
6. Mesomeric effect with +M , -M with examples (168-169)
7. Hyper conjugation (170)
8. Formic acid is more acidic than acetic acid. Why? (157)
9. Acidity is in the order of Trichloro acetic acid> dichloro acetic acid>
monochloro acetic acid. Why? (167)
10. Define with example,
I. Substitution [ nucleophilic , electrophilic & free radical]
II. Addition [ nucleophilic , electrophilic & free radical ]
III. Elimination (173)
IV. Oxidation & reduction (173)

HYDROCARBONS
1. Sabatier – sendersens reaction(184)
2. Decarboxylation (184)
3. Kolbe’s electrolytic method (184)
4. Wurtz reaction (184)
5. Corey house reaction (185)
6. Aromatization (189)
7. Isomerisation (190)
8. Test for alkenes’ (194)
9. Markovnikoff’s rule (194)
10. Peroxide effect (196)
11. Ozonolysis (198 , 203)
12. Polymerization (199 , 204) ,What do you mean by Aromaticity(205)
13. Addition of H2O in alkenes (203)
14. Acidic nature of alkynes (201)
15. Wurtzfittig (210)
16. Freidel – craft’s (210)
17. Birch reduction (215)
18. Chlorination of benzene (215)
19. Electrophilic substitution reaction (211 , 212)
20. Structure of benzene (201 – 208)
21. Describe the conformers of n-butane (187)
22. Explain Markonikoff’s and anti Markonikoff’s rule. (194-196)
23. Explain the structure of benzene(207)
24. Conformation in ethane(186)

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

1. Preparation of chloro ethane using Lucas reagent (230)

2. Darzen’s Halogenation (231)
3. Finkelstein Reaction (231)
4. Swarts Reaction (231)
5. Hunsdiccker reaction (231)
6. Discuss the physical state of haloalkanes (232)
 7. Write all the possible chain isomerism with molecular formula C5H11Cl(232)
8. Hydrolysis of bromo ethane (233)
9. Ammonolysis of bromo ethane (233)
10. William ether synthesis (234)
11. Grignard reagent preparation,why should be prepared in anhydrous
condition (238)
12. Uses of haloalkane (238)
13. Commercial preparation of chloro benzene ( Raschig process) (242)
14. Sandmeyer reaction(242)
15. Balz-schiemann reaction(242)
16. Melting point of para isomers greater than ortho isomers of dichloro
Benzene(243)
17. Haloarenes don’t undergo aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction
,why?(2430
18. Dow’s process (243)
19. Wurtzfittig reaction (244)
20. FittigReaction(244)
21. Formation of phosgene(248)
22. Formation of chloropicrin(248)
23. Carbylaminereaction(248)
24. Chloroform is kept with a little ethyl alcohol in a dark colored bottle, why?
(248)
25. Write a note on Freons (CFC)(249)
26. Uses of Freons (250)
27. Preparation of DDT (250)
28. Uses of DDT(250)
29. What is the IUPAC name of insecticide DDT? Why is their use banned in
most of the countries?

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes (Detail Answers)

1. Explain SN1mechanism(236)
 2. Explain SN2 mechanism(236)
3. Explain E1 mechanism with example(237)
4. Explain E2 mechanism with example(237)
5. Predict the products when bromoethane is treated with the following (237)
a. KNO2
b. AgNO2

6. Starting from CH3MgI, How will you prepare thefollowing(240)

a) Acetic acid
b) Acetone
c) Ethyl Acetate
d) Iso propyl alcohol
e) Methyl cyanide
f) Primary alcohol
g) Tertiary alcohol
h) CH3CHO
i) Ethylmethylether

7. Complete the following reactions (244)

i. CH3-CH=CH2 + HBr with peroxide gives

ii. CH3 – CH2 – Br + NaSH with alcohol/H2O gives
iii. C6H5Cl + Mg with THF gives
iv. CHCl3 + HNO3 with heat gives
v. CCl4 + H2O with heat gives

8. An organic compound A with molecular formula C2H5Cl reacts with KOH gives
compounds B with alcoholic KOH gives compound C. Identify A,B,C

9. Simplest alkene A react with HCl to form compound B. Compound B reacts with
ammonia to form compound C of molecular formula C2H7N. Compound C
undergoes Carbylamine test. Identify A,B,C.
 10. A hydrocarbon C3H6 A reacts with HBr to form compound B. Compound B reats
with aqueous potassium hydroxide to give C of molecular formula C 3H6O.What
are the A,B,C , explain the reaction.

11. Two isomers A and B have same molecular formula C2H4Cl2 compound A reacts
with a aqueous KOH gives compound C of molecular formula C2H4O. compound B
reacts with aqueous KOH gives compound D of molecular formula C 2H6O2 . Identify
A,B,C,D.

Chapter -15 Environmental Chemistry

1. Bio – degradable pollutants (260)

2. Non bio- degradable pollutants (260)
3. Regions of atmosphere(260)
4. Blue planet(261)
5. Air pollution(261)
6. Green house Effect (263)
7. Global Warming (265)
8. What do you mean by particulate pollutants(265) and health effects(266)
9. List out the types of Particulate that pollutes the types of atmosphere (265)
10. Write note on smog?
11. Chemical Smog?
12. Photo chemical smog
13. Ozone depletion and environmental impact(268,269)
14. Earth’s protective Umbrella(268)
15. CFC- Freons (269)
16. Eutrophication (271)
17. Harmful effects of water pollutants(271)
18. Sources of soil pollutants(273)
19. Green Chemistry (275)
20. BOD (271)
21. COD(271)
22. Mention the standard prescribed by BIS for quantity of drinking water.

Environmental chemistry(Detail Answers)

1. How is acid rain formed? Explain its effect(264)

2. Pesticides
3. Various methods to protect our environment from pollution?(274)