International Conference on Global Education V

“Global Education, Common Wealth, and Cultural Diversity”

A COMPARATIVE BETWEEN GALPERIN AND BAMBOO DANCING

METHOD ON THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN CHANGING
SINGULAR INTO PLURAL NOUN AT MAN 1 MEDAN

NURUN NAZIPAH HARAHAP

Abstract

This research aims to know the students’ ability in changing singular into plural
noun using galperin and Bamboo dancing method, this research was experience design
at senior high school at MAN 1 Medan.The population of this research was the first year
(grade X) students’ of MAN 1 Medan. Totaling 82 students’, two classes were selected
as the sample by cluster random sampling. The sample were taken from the second class
of X 9 and X 10, which the number of students’ X 9 were 42 students’ was taught by
using galperin method and X 10 were 40 students’ was taught by using bamboo dancing
method. The instrument of collecting data used interview, document and test. The
instrument of test is multiple choise and essay test that was consists of 25 items. The
data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result of the analyze showed that’s t
count was higher than t table where t account (5,95) t table (1,66) at the level of significant
0,05. It’s mean that alternative hypothesis which is proposed by the researcher that there
was different significant between galperin and bamboo dancing method on the students’
ability in changing singular into plural noun was accepted.

Keyword :The Students’ Ability In Changing Singular Into Plural Noun

Introduction
Noun is one of the most important part of speech. Its arrangement with the verb
helps to form the sentences which is essential to every complete simple sentence. In
addition, it may functuate as the chief or “head” word in many structures of
modification. Noun consists of Proper noun, Concreate or abstract nouns, countable or
noncountable Nouns, singular and plural nouns, etc.The subject of singular and plural
may be found in another part of the noun or it may be understood. Singular Noun is
when a noun means one only, it is said to be singular and Plural Noun is when a noun
means more than one, it is said to beplural. The ability of the students in changing
singular into plural is one of the ways to know the language itself.
Method is one of the important elements in teaching language. It determines to
get success in teaching language. To make the interaction more effective and efficient,
the teacher must have varies method to reach the goal of learning. There are some
method that can be used in teaching English such as card sort, everyone is a teacher,
direct and indirect method, grammar transitional, index card match, jigsaw learning. But

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International Conference on Global Education V
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in this thesis, the researcher just used two method they are Galperin and Bamboo
dancing method. Galperin is one of method that can improve the students’ mind and this
method is very interesting and it is used to repeat the last material before the teacher
gives a new material. Bamboo dancing method is one of the most cooperative learning
methods; this method is effective to make students active in studying English. It is
interactive to use because it can make the students happy and also they will be
motivated to work in group.Ideally, if the teachers have used variant method in teaching
singular and plural noun, the students will be able tochange singular into plural noun
correctly. But in fact, based on first observation, it’s found that the students at Man 1
Medan still have difficulties to change singular and plural noun. It can be seen by the
mistakes they made.

Review Of Literature
Learning can be done in three ways- Auditory, Visual, and Kinesthetic. It is
important to try and include all three as much as possible into your lessons. In teaching
English, method can influence the result of learning. There are many method of
teaching that can be applied in the classroom. The teacher who wanted to deliver the
lesson in front of the class would be able to choose the best method to make the students
easier to follow the lesson. There are many methods that used in learning process they
are Galperin method, Bamboo Dancing method, jigsaw learning etc. Without method in
teaching of course, its can make the students bore, that why, a teacher must be able to
choose suitable method before teaching.According to Anthony “ method” is over plan
for orderly presentation of language material. Richards and Rogers state that “ method”
is the level at which theory is put into practice and at which choice are made about
particular skill to be taught, and order in which content will be presented.
A teaching method that includes questioning is similar to testing. A teacher may ask a
series of questions to collect information of what students have learned and what needs
to be taught. Testing is another application of questioning. A teacher tests the student on
what was previously taught in order to identify if a student has learnedthe material.
Standardized testing is in about every middle school (i.e. Ohio Graduation Test (OGT),
Proficiency Test, College entrance Tests (ACT and SAT).

The Description of Galperin Method

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One type of teaching methods which emphasize the liveliness of the students is
learning method proposed by GalperinJiptoUtomo and KeesRuijter which consists of
four stages of activities, namely:
1. Orientation
In the orientation phase, teachers bring the content and structure of the
subjects discussed.Subjects Relations with other subjects in the curriculum
framework and the usefulness of subjects were informed to the students.
2. Exercise
At this stage of the exercise, students were assigned to discuss the questions
or doing lab work for the students understanding, a given subject matter and
teaching goals.
3. Feedback
In the feedback stage, students discuss the results of the exercise.
Discussions took place between groups and led by teachers who acted as moderator.
4. Continuation
In advanced stages, students are given a chance to correct the mistakes made
and learn from that mistakes.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Galperin method

The advantages of Galperin method consist of: 1. Bring their students that there
is a problem that can be solved with various road and not a single road or a single
response. 2.Bring their students that the theory Galperin, they use each other in a
constructive opinions / to obtain a better decision. 3. Familiarize the students like to
hear other people's opinions even if different from the opinion itself, used to be tolerant.
4.Potential ability of students to formulate his thoughts on a regular basis and in a form
acceptable to others. 5.Stimulate creativity of their students in the form of ideas, ideas,
initiatives, and new breakthroughs in solving a problem. 6.Questions to attract and focus
students' attention, even when that student is noisy, the sleepy back tall and lost
sleepiness. 7.To develop the courage and skills of students in answering and giving
opinion. 8.Establishment of custom made and adds accuracy and speed of execution.
9.Formation of habits - habits made a motion - movement complex, becoming more
automated.
Disadvantages of Galperin method consist of:

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1.Talk sometimes deviate so it takes a long time. 2. May be controlled by people

wholike to talk or want to stand out. 3. Not applicable in a large group. 4. Students feel
less afraid when the teacher can encourage students to be brave, to create an atmosphere
that is not tense, but familiar.5. It is often a lot of wasted time, especially if students are
not able to answer questions until two or three people. 6. Inhibiting the talent and
initiative of students, because more students are brought to the adjustment and directed
away from understanding.7.Creation of a static adjustment to the environment.

The Description of Bamboo dancing Method

Learning by using bamboo dancing is very good to teach the relevant
information - the initial information in order to study the matter further. By using
bamboo dancing expected to occur even distribution of the information or topic that is
known by the students. The method of bamboo dancing of course very useful to study in
more varied classes for students that are not boring.

Advantages
This method seems very useful to build unity among students. In this method
there is no competition, students share information. Discussions between students
occurred when paired and when presenting the topic of education. This is very useful in
order to activate the students.

Disadvantages
Unfortunately this method if the teachers have formed a group to complete many
of the topics. Topics that too many will result in the current discussion takes a relatively
long time.

Students’ Ability
Albert A. Branca said that ability is a present state of being able to make a
certain response or ferform a certain task. Beside that Ihara Saikaku said that ability is
the mental or physical power to do something to make a fortune some assistance from
fate is essential.
Harry Affandi, 2010, SMK-E, Effort to improve motivation and learning result
Accounting Class XI AK through the application of learning Galperin method. The

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population of this research was the second years students of 2010/2011, which consist
of 30 students in classThe result shows that the students ability taught by using Galperin
method higher that traditional method. Siklus I = 70% and siklus II =83%. It means that
Galerin method that has applied on the Effort to improve motivation and learning result
Accounting class XI AK through the application of learning Galperin method was given
significant influence.
Supardi Irmansyah.1996. Man 2 Medan.“ An analysis of errors in forming
plurals made by the first year students” .The samples are 77 students. After analyzing
the data, the writer got from the calculation the result rdwis = 0,27, means 0,27 is
27/100 = 27%. The influence of students’ interest to their achievement is only 27%. In
other word the influence is low, but it has role in increasing students’ achievement in
English, or we can say that the errors thatstudents made in forming plurals are
influenced by their interest in learning English eventhough it’s percentage is small, that
is why it can be neglected.After analyzing the data, the writer got that the observation is
higher than t critical (3,062 2,05). Therefore, Ha of this research is accepted and Ho is
rejected. It means that there is significant differences between group work and
individual. Students’ achievement in learning by group work is higher than those
learning by individual.

Method
The research takes place in MAN 1 Medan. The population of this research are
the first years students at, MAN 1 Medan that consist of ten classes, they are X1 , X2 ,X3
,X4 , X5, X6 ,X7 ,X8 ,X9, X10, so the number of population are 364 students.This research
will take two classes as the sample that consists of 82 students in two classes,so the
technique sampling of this research was obtained by cluster random sampling.

Technique of Collecting Data

In collecting data, two techniques are applied in this research they ere:
1. Interview
Unstructured interview is given to the principal and the teacher, the first
interview was done to principal the aims to get more information about data that
needed concerning about general description of collection.
2. Test

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International Conference on Global Education V
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The test will be given by the researcher to the students, for the first time
group A was experiment in Galperin method 1 made in class X9, the researcher will
give them the explanation of Singular and plural noun in class X9, the time was 30
minutes, and after that the researcher will give the test for students. The type of the
test was multiple choices. The students were asked to choose the best answer and
identified test; the time for the test was 60 minutes.
Class X3was control in Bamboo dancing method; first the researcher will
give them the explanation of singular and plural noun like in class X9, the time was
30 minutes. And after that the researcher will give them the test, before the
researcher will distribute a piece of paper, every each of paper consist of question
and answer.

Finding And Discussion

The students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun at Educational
English who are taught by using Galperin Method shows that the lowest score is 6 and
the highest score is 100. The complete data about the students’ ability in changing
singular into plural noun at Educational English who are taught by using Galperin can
be seen in the following table:
The score of the Students’ Ability in Changing Singular into Plural noun at
Educational English Who are taught by Using Galperin method

No Test Score
1 80
2 80
3 75
4 90
5 60
6 85
7 100
8 80
9 60
10 75
11 80
12 100
13 85
14 90
15 80
16 75
17 100
18 60
19 80

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20 80
21 60
22 75
23 80
24 60
25 90
26 90
27 80
28 90
29 80
30 100
31 65
32 60
33 80
34 70
35 85
36 85
37 100
38 80
39 75
40 80
41 100
42 70

Then, to know the average (mean), the variant and the standard deviation of the
variable data of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun at educational
English who are taught by using Galperin method can be seen on the following
worktable:

Worktable for Getting Mean, Variant, and Standard Deviation of the variable data
of The Students’ Ability in Changing Singular into Plural Noun at Educational
English who are taught by using Galperin method

No Score (xi) fi fixi xi2 Fixi2

1 60 6 360 3600 21600
2 65 1 65 4225 4225
3 70 2 140 4900 9800
4 75 5 375 5625 28125
5 80 13 1040 6400 83200
6 85 4 340 7225 28900
7 90 5 450 8100 40500
8 100 6 600 10000 60000
Jumlah 42 3370 - 276350

The score average (mean) of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural
noun at Educational English who are taught by using Galperin method is:

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International Conference on Global Education V
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x = Σfixi / Σfi
= 3370 / 42
= 80,23
The variant data of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun at
educational English who are taught bu using Galperin method is:
S2 =n∑ fi xi2 – (∑ fi xi)2
n (n – 1)
= 42 × 276350 – (3370)2
42(42-1)
= 249800
1722

S2 = 145,06
Standard deviation of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun
at educational English who are taught by using Galperin method is taken from the root
of the variants, that is :√145,06 = 12,04.

The students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun at educational English
who are taught by using Bamboo Dancing method

The students ‘ ability in changing singular into plural noun at educational

English who are taught by using Bamboo Dancing method shows that the lowest score
is 60 and the highest score is 95. The complete data about the students’ ability in
changing singular into plural noun at educational English who are taught by using
bamboo dancing method can be seen on the following table:

The Test score of the Students’ Ability in Changing Singular into Plural Noun at
Educational English who are taught by Using Bamboo Dancing Method

No Test Score
1 70
2 70
3 70
4 75
5 80
6 90
7 70
8 60
9 60
10 85
11 70
12 70
13 80
14 60

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15 65
16 80
17 70
18 60
19 60
20 95
21 80
22 60
23 80
24 85
25 60
26 60
27 80
28 85
29 80
30 75
31 70
32 80
33 80
34 80
35 60
36 70
37 80
38 85
39 80
40 80

Then, to know the average (mean), the variant, and the standard deviation of the
data of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun ateducational English
who are taught by using Bamboo Dancing Method can be seen on the following
worktable:
Worktable for getting Mean, Variant, and Standard Deviation of the variable data
of The Students’ Ability in changing singular into plural noun at educational
English who are taught by using Bamboo Dancing method.
No Score (xi) fi fixi xi2 fixi2
1 60 9 540 3600 32400
2 65 1 65 4225 4225
3 70 9 630 4900 44100
4 75 2 150 5625 11250
5 80 13 1040 6400 83200
6 85 4 340 7225 28900
7 90 1 90 8100 8100
8 95 1 95 9025 9025
Total 40 2950 - 221200
The score average (mean) of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural
noun at educational English who are taught by Using Bamboo Dancing method is:
X = ∑ fixi

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International Conference on Global Education V
“Global Education, Common Wealth, and Cultural Diversity”

∑ fi
= 2950
40
= 73,75
The variant data of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun at
educational English who are taught by using Bamboo Dancing is:
S2 = n∑fixi2 − (∑fixi)2
n (n – 1)

= 40 x 221200 – (2950)2
40 (40 – 1)
= 884800 – 8702500
40 (39)
= 145500
1560
S2= 93,26
The standard deviation is taken from the root of the variant, that is √93,26 = 9,65.

Normality Test

The normality test of the data of the students’ ability in comprehending

reading text at educational English who are taught by using bamboo
dancing method
No Score F fk zi F (zi) S (zi) F (zi) – S (zi)
1 60 6 6 -1,6802 0,0465 0,1429 0,0964
2 65 1 7 -1,2650 0,1038 0,1667 0,0629
3 70 2 9 -0,8497 0,2004 0,2143 0,0139
4 75 5 14 -0,4344 0,3336 0,3333 0,0003
5 80 13 27 -0,0191 0,5960 0,6429 0,0469
6 85 4 31 0,3962 0,6517 0,7381 0,0864
7 90 5 36 0,8115 0,7910 0,8571 0,0661
8 100 6 42 1,6420 0,9495 1 0,0505

From the table above, it can be seen that Liliefors Observation or Lo = 0,0964
with N = 42 and at real level α = 0,05 from the list of critical value of Liliefors table ot
Lt, it’s found that the coefficient of Lt = 0,1367. Therefore, it is known that the
coefficient of Lo (0,0964) < Lt (0,1367) so that can be concluded that the data
distribution of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun by using
galperin method is normal.

The normality test of the data of the students’ ability in changing singular into
plural noun at educational English who are taught by using Bamboo dancing
method

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No Score F Fk Zi F (Zi) S (Zi) F (Zi) – S (Zi)

1 60 9 9 -1,4249 0,1778 0,2250 0,0472
2 65 1 10 -0,9067 0,1841 0,2500 0,0659
3 70 9 19 -0,3886 0,3520 0,4750 0,1230
4 75 2 21 0,1295 0,5478 0,5250 0,0228
5 80 13 34 0,6477 0,7389 0,8500 0,1111
6 85 4 38 1,1658 0,8770 0,9500 0,0730
7 90 1 39 1,6839 0,9535 0,9750 0,0215
8 95 1 40 2,2021 0,9861 1 0,0139

From the table above, it can be seen that liliefors observation or Lo = 0,1230
with N = 40 and at real level α = 0,05 from the list of critical value of Liliefors table, Lt
= 0,1401. It is known that the coefficient of Lo (0,1230) < Lt (0,1401) that can be
concluded that the data distribution of the students’ ability in changing singular into
plural noun who are taught by using Bamboo Dancing method is normal.

Homogeneity test
From the former computation, it is known that:
The variant of data of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun at
educational English who are taught by using Galperin method is 145,06
The variant of data of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun at
educational English who are taught by using Bamboo dancing method is 93,26
So, the coefficient F count is:
= 145,06
93,26
= 1,55

Then, the coefficient of F count = 1,55 is compared with F table. Where F table
is determined at real level α = 0,05 and the same numerator dk = N-1= 42-1= 41 and
denominator dk N-1 =40-1 =39. So, by using the list of critical value at F distribution is
got F0,05( 41,39) = 1,69. It shows that Fcount (1,55) < Ftable (1,69).

Hypothesis Test
So, it can be concluded that the variant from the data of the students’ ability in
changing singular into plural noun at educational English who are taught by using
Galperin method and that of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun at
educational English who are taught by using Bamboo Dancing is homogeny.
So, to test the hypothesis in this research, it is used two average similarity test by

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International Conference on Global Education V
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using statistic t, as follows:

t=

x1 = the average of group of sample which has the highest score

x2 = the average og group of sample which has the lowest score
S = Multiple deviations are found by using the following formula:
S2 =

From the last computation have been found:

For the group of sample data of the students’ ability in changing singular into plural
noun at educational English who are taught by using Galperin method have got the
average score = 80,23 and by using Bamboo Dancing method have got the average
score = 73,75.
1. The standard deviation is computed as follow:
S = (42-1)145,06 + (40-1)93,26
42 + 40 – 2

= 5947,46 + 3637,14
80

= 119,80

From the cofficient of multiple variants is 119,80 so the multiple standard

deviation is the root of the multiple variants square, that is √119,80 = 10,94
So, to test the hypothesis in this research, it is used two averages similar test by
using statistic t, as follow:
t=

t = 80,23 – 73,75 = = 2,71

10,94√

From the computation above, it can be seen that the coefficient of t count is 2,71
Then, the t-count is compared with t-table, where the coefficient of t-table at real level α
= 0,05 with dk = 42 + 40 – 2 gained the cofficient of t0,05(80 )= 1,66 . In fact, the
coefficient of tcount (2,71) > ttable (1,66). It shows that tcount is in zero hypothesis rejection
(Ho). Thus, alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that the alternative
hypothesis which is proposed by the researcher about the students who are taught by
using Galperin method will have better ability in changing singular into plural noun

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than those who are taught by using Bamboo dancing method, is accepted.

Discussion
The result of the research shows that the average result of the test of the
students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun by using Galperin method is
higher than the average of the test of the students’ ability in changing singular into
plural noun by using Bamboo Dancing method. This fact indicates that the application
of galperin method is proven more effective to increase the students’ ability in changing
singular into plural noun. It can be accepted because through teaching activity by
galperin encourage the students to be active to learn, because the students can discuss,
cooperate learning, share opinion one each other in learning material. Besides, the
teaching of Galperin method is aimed to create the students’ participation in solving the
problems which are given by the educator in teaching. Therefore, the role of educator in
teaching is as facilitator who guides the students to find and to construct their own
understanding.
To get the objective from the teaching by Galperin method especially about the
students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun, the theme or topic of discussion
which is give by the teachers should be selected so that teaching-learning activity by
Galperin method can increase the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun
can be achieved. It is at least through English learning activity by using Galperin
method can increase the students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun coming
true. So that the learning activity of students’ ability in changing singular into plural
noun is the imoortant supporting factor in learning, esprcially in learning English.

Conclusions
The students’ ability in changing singular into plural noun by using Galperin
method show that the average of the score is 80,23 with the highest score = 100 and
lowest score = 60 and by bamboo dancing method shows that the average of the score is
73,75 with the highest score = 95 and the lowest score = 60.
Based on the statistical computation t-test, it is found the coefficient is 2,71
where as the value ttable is 1,66. It shows that the hypothesis which the researcher
proposes that there is significant difference between using galperin and bamboo dancing
method on the students’ ability in changing is acceptable. It shows that the teaching-

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learning activity by galperin method is more effective to increase the students’ ability in
changing singular into plural noun.

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