§5.

1- The Riemann Integral Partitions, Upper and Lower sums

Definitions: Let [a, b] be an interval in R.
A partition of [a, b] is . . .
The norm of a partition P is . . .
A refinement of a partition P is . . .
Let P = {x0 , x1 , . . . , xn } be a partition of [a, b],
∆xj = xj − xj −1 , and suppose f : [a, b] → R is bounded.
The upper Riemann sum of f over P is
n If Q is a refinement of P, then
U (f , P ) = ∑ Mj (f )∆xj where Mj (f ) = sup(f ([xj −1, xj ]))
j =1
The lower Riemann sum of f over P is
L(f , P ) = ∑nj=1 mj (f )∆xj where mj (f ) = inf(f ([xj −1 , xj ]))
Note:
For g : N → R,
∑nk =m (g (k + 1) − g (k )) = g (n + 1) − g (m)
If f (x ) = α is constant, U (f , P ) = L(f , p) = α(b − a)
L(f , P ) ≤ U (f , P ) for all f and P.
L(f , P ) ≤ L(f , Q ) ≤ U (f , Q ) ≤ U (f , P ).
For any Q and P, L(f , Q ) ≤ U (f , P )

Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 1/5 Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 2/5

Riemann Integrable Riemann Integral

Definition: f : [a, b] → R is said to be Riemann Integrable
iff f is bounded and ∀ε > 0, ∃ a partition P so that
U (f , P ) − L(f , P ) < ε.
Theorem If f is continuous on [a, b], then f is integrable on
[a , b ]
Definitions:Let f : [a, b] → R be bounded.
The Rupper integral of f is
(U ) ab f (x )dx = inf{U (f , P )|P a partition of [a, b]}
TheRlower integral of f is
(L) ab f (x )dx = sup{L(f , P )|P a partition of [a, b]}
Definition: If the upper and lower integrals of f on [a, b]
Rb
are equal, the integral of f on [a, b] , a f (x )dx is defined to
be their common value.

Note: If f is bounded on [a, b], both lower and upper

Rb Rb
integrals exist and (L) a f (x )dx ≤ (U ) a f (x )dx
Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 3/5 Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 4/5
Constant Functions
Theorem: Let f : [a, b] → R be bounded. Then f is
Rb Rb
integrable iff (L) a f (x )dx = (U ) a f (x )dx
Ra Rb
Convention: b f (x )dx = − a f (x )dx

Theorem: If f (x ) = α is constant on [a, b], then

Rb
a f (x )dx = α(b − a).

Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 5/5