TheJudiciary'sRole

judicialreview theprocess whichacourtdecidesontheconstitutionality oflegislativeenactmentsandactionsof theexecutivebranch

by
established inU.S w 1803 SupremeCourtdecisionMarburyv Madison
BasicJudicialRequirements
tohear
jurisdiction authorityofacourt andbeoie aspecificcase
thepwrtospeakthelaw

overbothpersons andproperty
4 is
inpersonamjurisdiction inremjurisdiction

LongArmStatutes astatestatutethatpermitsastatetoexercisejurisdictionovernonresisentbe fanbarbs

courtcanexercisepersonaljurisdictionarecertainoutof statedefendantsbasedonactivitiesthattookplaceinsidethestate
cartmustfirstestablishminimumcontacts defendanthasenoughconnectionwistatetoexercisepwrover
Generaljurisdictioncartswinnear
oases on anysubjectmatter
LimiteroJurisdictioncarbs willnot
ProbateCourt astatecartoflimitedjurisdictionthatconductsproceedingsrelatingtothesettlement of a deceasedperson's
estate
BankruptcyCourtfederalcartoflimitedjuristictionthat onlybankruptcyproceedingswhicharegovernedbyfederalbasunplaylaw
handles

Originaljurisdictioncourtsare trial begintrials

courts lawsuits take and
place is
evidence presented

Appellate
juristictioncourts are cartswhereappeals
appellate ordered atrialcarttakeplace
by
federalJurisdiction
thatpertainstotheU.SConstitution anactofCongress or atreatyantprovidesabasis
federalquestion aquestion forfederaljurisdictioninacase
anylawsuitinvolvingfebquestioncanoriginatein cart
feseral

Diversityofcitizenship abasisforfezcourt overa lawsuitbwcitizens of differentStatesantcountries

jurisdiction
mostcommontypehas 2regs
1 theplaintiff before
antmustberesidentsoftheUnitedStates
2thesonaramountincarbanesymustexceedAsooo
Exclusivevs ConcurrentJurisdiction
concurrent that
jurisdictionjuristiotion thepwrtohear acase
existswhen aafferentcartshv

fervsstate exDiversityofGb
exclusivejurisdictionjurisdiction existswhenacasecanbeheardonlyinaparticularcartortypeofcart
that

Federalcartshvexclusive
jurinvolvingfederalcrimesbankruptcymostpatentcopyrightclaimssuitsagainstUS andinsomecasesadmirality
Iam
Statecarbshvexclusivejurinvolvingdivorceabobbiananootherspecificsubjectmark

venuethegeographicdistrictinwhich alegalactionistriedanbfromwhichaguyissoooooo

in aciviccase typicallywhereLefenbonoresizes
incriminalcasewherecrimeoccurred
StarringtoSuelegalreqthatanindivinalmusthvsufficientstakeinacontroversybeforehecanbringalawsuit

thatisnothypotheticaloracademicbutrealanosubstantial aregthatmustbesatisfiedbeforeacartwinnear
JusticiableCantwersy controversy
acase

StateCourtSystems
mayindubetrialcourtsoflimitedjuristictiontrialcartsofgeneraljurisdiction appellatecartsanostatesupremecart

smallclaimscourtspecialcartin whichpartiescanlitigatesmanclaimswo anattorney

casesinvolvingless
thanaspecifiedamount ex 5000

Appellatecourtsfocusonquestionsoflaw

Questionsoffact in alawsuitanissuethatinvolvesonly
his notwhatthelawis as agivenpoint
factsand
pubes

Question ofLawin lawsuit issueinvolving applicationorinterpretation

a an the of alaw

FederalCourtSystem

3tieredmoodconsistingof aU.sdistrictcarbsca UScartofappealsandk US SupremeCart

febcourtjudgesareappointedbythepresandapp
webbythesenate

US Districtcourtsareequivalentofstatetrialcarbs
atleastoneineverystate 94totalchangesacoating topopulation

USCourtofAppeals 13totalcourtsofappeal akaUScircuitcourtofAppeals

hearappealsfromDistrictcarts

USSupremeCart
has original jwisuctionthoughmostofitswar
heis asanappealscows

writ ofCertiorari a writfrmahighercarbashingalowercartfortherecordof a ease

Ruleoffour Atleast4of9justicesmustapprovetoissuea writofcertiorari

followingAStateCarbCase
litigationtheprocess ofresolvingadisputethroughthecarb
system

PreTrialPrecedings
pleadings statements bytheplaintiffantbefenbartthatdetailfactscharges anodefensesofacase
other'sclaimsanbspecifiestheissues
informseachpartyofthe

Complaint pleadingmate
byaplaintiffallegingwrongdoing asthepartofthedefenbont
whenfileincourtthecomplaint initiates
suit
a low

serviceofprocess thebevvyofcomplaintanbsummonstothebean
bait

noticerequiringthe
defendanttoappearincourt
ano thecomplaint
answer
De
fautJubgmentjubgmententeredbya carbagainst adefendantwhohasfailed toappearincarttoansweroradaubagainsttheplaintiffs
claim

Answer procedurally ade

fanbasesresponsetotheplaintiffscomplaint

Camber
claim claimmade
bythedefendantin a air lawsuitagainsttheplaintiff Ineffectthe
defendant
isseeingtheplaintiff

Replyprocedurally aplaintiffsresponseto a defenbait'sanswer

MotiontoDismiss apleatinginwhich a defendantadmitsthefactsas allegedbyplaintiffbut

assertsthattheplaintiff'sclaimtostate
a causeofactionhasnobasisinlaw

motionforjudgmentaspleadings amotion either

partytoalawsuitasthecloseofthepleasingsrequestingthe issuesoleyonthe
easethe
by courttoa
theplea
ringswoproceedingtotrialThe grantedonlyif nofacts areindispute
motionwinbe

motionforsummaryjudgement amotionrequestingthecarttoenterajudgment woprocuringtotrialThe

motioncanbebasesonexisence

outs e thepleasingsanowinbegranted
onlyif nofactsareindispute

DiscoveryAmethodbywhichtheopposingpartiesobtaininformationfromeachothertopreparefortrial
indexesgainingaccesstowitnessesdocuments re noother
carbs a typesofeinuence

caray requestcanbelimitedif itinvolvesprivies

ahis get a confidentialinformation
Deposition thetestimonyof apartyto alawsuitor awitnesstakenunderoathbeforetrial

Interrogatoriesseriesofwrittenquestions forwhichwrittenanswersarepreparedbyapartyto alawsuitusuallywtheassistance

of aparty'sattorney andthensignedintooath

E Evisenw atypeofeitencethatconsistsofourcomputergeneratedorelectricallyreoorbebinformation

metadatadatathatareautomaticallyrearedbyelectronicbiasuntopraiseinformationaboutwhocreatesafileandwhenand
who
accessedmodified transmitted
or itontheirherowives Dataaboutdata

VoirDire animportantpartofthejuryselectionprocessinwhichtheawaneysquestionprospectivejurorsabouttheirbackyardsattitudes
anbbiasestoascertainwhethertheycanbeimpartialjurors

AtTheTrial
motionfordirect
verbict amotionforajubgetotakethedecisionoutofthe
hands ofthe anotodirectaverliutfor
jury theparty
themotiononthegrandthattheotherpartyhasnotprovedsufficientairbornetosupporttheirclaim
making

Awar0 monetarycompensationgivento aparty attheenb oftrial

motionforjubgementN o v Amotionrequestingthecarttograntjudgementinfavorofthepartymakingthemotiononthegrans
thatthejury'sverdictagainstthemwasunreasonable

motionforaNew oementaryflawedLbkoferrorneweisenceprejudiceoranother
Trial amotionassertingthatthetrialwassofun reasonthat

anewtrialisnecessarytopreventa miscarriageofjustice
 Apartymusthvlegitimategrantstofilean appeal
Briefwrittensummoypreparedbyone sizein alawsuittoexplainitscase tothejugs
w.Insteaditreviewstherecasfarerrorsoflaw
Courtof Appealsdoesnothearonion

theappellatecourtcar
Daffirmtrialcart'sdecision
2 reversetrialcartsjnigment
3 remarb orsentbackcasetotrialcartforfurtherpreachings
4 affirmorreverseadecisioninport
5 modify a lawcart'sdecision

Down list ofcaseslistedon acartseven

baran2 thusscrewedtobeheat in cart

AlternativeDisputeResolution ADR theresolution of disputesinwaysotherthanthoseinvolved in traditionaljuticialprocesssuchas

negotiations meliatron an arbitration

Litigation isexpensiveandtakesforever

negotiation aprocessinwhichparties attempttosettle

their them
informally withor w oattorneystorepresent
dispute

mediation services of aneutralthispartywho

amethodofsettlingdisputesoutsidethecartsbyusingthe actsascommunicatingagent
bwthepartiesandassiststheminnegotiating asettlement
arbitrationthesettlingofalisputebysubmittingittoadisinterestedthinponyotherthanacartwhoissuesadecision

that intheeventof adisputethepartieswinsubmitthedisputetoarbitrationratherthan

arbitrationclause aclauseincontract litigateincart