Section 1.

2 Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs 13

53. 54.

55. (a) domain: [0ß 2]; range: [#ß $] (b) domain: [0ß 2]; range: [
1ß 0]

(c) domain: [0ß 2]; range: [0ß 2] (d) domain: [0ß 2]; range: [
1ß 0]

(e) domain: [
2ß 0]; range: [!ß 1] (f) domain: [1ß 3]; range: [!ß "]

(g) domain: [
2ß 0]; range: [!ß "] (h) domain: [
1ß 1]; range: [!ß "]

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14 Chapter 1 Functions

56. (a) domain: [0ß 4]; range: [
3ß 0] (b) domain: [
4ß 0]; range: [!ß $]

(c) domain: [
4ß 0]; range: [!ß $] (d) domain: [
4ß 0]; range: ["ß %]

(e) domain: [#ß 4]; range: [
3ß 0] (f) domain: [
2ß 2]; range: [
3ß 0]

(g) domain: ["ß 5]; range: [
3ß 0] (h) domain: [0ß 4]; range: [0ß 3]

57. y œ 3x#
3 58. y œ a2xb#
1 œ %x#
1

59. y œ "# ˆ"  "‰

x# œ "
#  "
#x# 60. y œ 1  "
axÎ$b#
œ1 *
x#

61. y œ È%x  1 62. y œ 3Èx  1

64. y œ "$ È%
x#
#
63. y œ É%
ˆ x# ‰ œ "# È16
x#

$
65. y œ "
a3xb$ œ "
27x$ 66. y œ "
ˆ x# ‰ œ "
x$
)

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 Section 1.2 Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs 15

67. Let y œ
È#x  " œ faxb and let gaxb œ x"Î# ,

"Î# "Î#
haxb œ ˆx  " ‰ , iaxb œ È#ˆx  " ‰ , and
# #
"Î#
jaxb œ
’È#ˆx  "# ‰ “ œ faBb. The graph of
"
haxb is the graph of gaxb shifted left # unit; the
graph of iaxb is the graph of haxb stretched
vertically by a factor of È#; and the graph of
jaxb œ faxb is the graph of iaxb reflected across
the x-axis.

68. Let y œ È"
x

# œ faxbÞ Let gaxb œ a
xb"Î# ,
haxb œ a
x  #b"Î# , and iaxb œ "
È # a
x  #b"Î#
œ È"
x
# œ faxbÞ The graph of gaxb is the
graph of y œ Èx reflected across the x-axis.
The graph of haxb is the graph of gaxb shifted
right two units. And the graph of iaxb is the
graph of haxb compressed vertically by a factor
of È#.

69. y œ faxb œ x$ . Shift faxb one unit right followed by a

shift two units up to get gaxb œ ax
"b3  #.

70. y œ a"
Bb$  # œ
Òax
"b$  a
#bÓ œ faxb.

Let gaxb œ x$ , haxb œ ax
"b$ , iaxb œ ax
"b$  a
#b,
and jaxb œ
Òax
"b$  a
#bÓ. The graph of haxb is the
graph of gaxb shifted right one unit; the graph of iaxb is
the graph of haxb shifted down two units; and the graph
of faxb is the graph of iaxb reflected across the x-axis.

"
71. Compress the graph of faxb œ x horizontally by a factor
"
of 2 to get gaxb œ #x . Then shift gaxb vertically down 1
"
unit to get haxb œ #x
".

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16 Chapter 1 Functions
" # "
72. Let faxb œ x# and gaxb œ x# "œ # "
Š B# ‹
" "
œ # "œ #  "Þ Since
ŠxÎÈ#‹ ’Š"ÎÈ#‹B“

È# ¸ "Þ%, we see that the graph of faxb stretched

horizontally by a factor of 1.4 and shifted up 1 unit
is the graph of gaxb.

73. Reflect the graph of y œ faxb œ È

$
x across the x-axis
to get gaxb œ
Èx.
$

74. y œ faxb œ a
#xb#Î$ œ Òa
"ba#bxÓ#Î$

œ a
"b#Î$ a#xb#Î$ œ a#xb#Î$ . So the graph
of faxb is the graph of gaxb œ x#Î$ compressed
horizontally by a factor of 2.

75. 76.

x# y# x# y#
77. *x#  #&y# œ ##& Ê &#  $# œ" 78. "'x#  (y# œ ""# Ê #  %# œ"
È
Š (‹

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 Section 1.2 Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs 17

a y
#b #
x
a
"b‘# y#
79. $x#  ay
#b# œ $ Ê x#
"#  # œ" 80. ax  "b#  #y# œ % Ê ##  # œ"
ŠÈ$‹ È
Š #‹

# #
81. $ax
"b#  #ay  #b# œ ' 82. 'ˆx  $# ‰  *ˆy
"# ‰ œ &%
#
ax
" b #
y
a
#b‘# ’x
ˆ
$# ‰“ ˆy
"# ‰#
Ê #  # œ" Ê $#  # œ"
ŠÈ#‹ ŠÈ$‹ ŠÈ'‹

x# y#
83. "'  * œ " has its center at a!ß !b. Shiftinig 4 units
left and 3 units up gives the center at ah, kb œ a
%ß $b.

x
a
4b‘# #
So the equation is 4#  ay
3#3b œ "
ax  % b # a y
$b #
Ê 4#  3# œ ". Center, C, is a
%ß $b, and
major axis, AB, is the segment from a
)ß $b to a!ß $b.

x# y#
84. The ellipse %  #& œ " has center ah, kb œ a!ß !b.
Shifting the ellipse 3 units right and 2 units down
produces an ellipse with center at ah, kb œ a$ß
#b
ax
3 b#
y
a
#b‘#
and an equation %  #& œ ". Center,
C, is a3ß
#b, and AB, the segment from a$ß $b to
a$ß
(b is the major axis.

85. (a) (fg)(
x) œ f(
x)g(
x) œ f(x)(
g(x)) œ
(fg)(x), odd

f(
x)
(b) Š gf ‹ (
x) œ g(
x) œ f(x)

g(x) œ
Š gf ‹ (x), odd

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18 Chapter 1 Functions
g(
x)
g(x)
(c) ˆ gf ‰ (
x) œ f(
x) œ f(x) œ
ˆ gf ‰ (x), odd
(d) f # (
x) œ f(
x)f(
x) œ f(x)f(x) œ f # (x), even
(e) g# (
x) œ (g(
x))# œ (
g(x))# œ g# (x), even
(f) (f ‰ g)(
x) œ f(g(
x)) œ f(
g(x)) œ f(g(x)) œ (f ‰ g)(x), even
(g) (g ‰ f)(
x) œ g(f(
x)) œ g(f(x)) œ (g ‰ f)(x), even
(h) (f ‰ f)(
x) œ f(f(
x)) œ f(f(x)) œ (f ‰ f)(x), even
(i) (g ‰ g)(
x) œ g(g(
x)) œ g(
g(x)) œ
g(g(x)) œ
(g ‰ g)(x), odd

86. Yes, f(x) œ 0 is both even and odd since f(
x) œ 0 œ f(x) and f(
x) œ 0 œ
f(x).

87. (a) (b)

(c) (d)

88.

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