Section 1.

4 Graphing with Calculators and Computers 29

25. Ò
0Þ03ß 0Þ03Ó by Ò
1Þ25ß 1Þ25Ó 26. Ò
0Þ1ß 0Þ1Ó by Ò
3ß 3Ó

27. Ò
300ß 300Ó by Ò
1Þ25ß 1Þ25Ó 28. Ò
50ß 50Ó by Ò
0Þ1ß 0Þ1Ó

29. Ò
0Þ25ß 0Þ25Ó by Ò
0Þ3ß 0Þ3Ó 30. Ò
0Þ15ß 0Þ15Ó by Ò
0Þ02ß 0Þ05Ó

31. x#  #x œ %  %y
y# Ê y œ # „ È
x#
#x  ).
The lower half is produced by graphing
y œ #
È
x#
#x  ).

32. y#
"'x# œ " Ê y œ „ È"  "'x# . The upper branch

is produced by graphing y œ È"  "'x# .

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30 Chapter 1 Functions

33. 34.

35. 36.

37. 38Þ

39. 40.

CHAPTER 1 PRACTICE EXERCISES

# C#
1. The area is A œ 1 r# and the circumference is C œ #1 r. Thus, r œ C
#1 Ê A œ 1ˆ #C1 ‰ œ %1 .

"Î#
2. The surface area is S œ %1 r# Ê r œ ˆ %S1 ‰ . The volume is V œ %$ 1 r$ Ê r œ É
$ $V
%1 . Substitution into the formula for
#Î$
surface area gives S œ %1 r# œ %1 ˆ $%V1 ‰ .

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 Chapter 1 Practice Exercises 31

3. The coordinates of a point on the parabola are axß x# b. The angle of inclination ) joining this point to the origin satisfies
x#
the equation tan ) œ x œ x. Thus the point has coordinates axß x# b œ atan )ß tan# )b.

4. tan ) œ rise
run œ h
&!! Ê h œ &!! tan ) ft.

5. 6.

Symmetric about the origin. Symmetric about the y-axis.

7. 8.

Neither Symmetric about the y-axis.

9. ya
xb œ a
xb#  " œ x#  " œ yaxb. Even.

10. ya
xb œ a
xb&
a
xb$
a
xb œ
x&  x$  x œ
yaxb. Odd.

11. ya
xb œ "
cosa
xb œ "
cos x œ yaxb. Even.

sina
xb
sin x
12. ya
xb œ seca
xb tana
xb œ cos# a
xb œ cos# x œ
sec x tan x œ
yaxb. Odd.

a
xb% " x% " " %

13. ya
xb œ a
xb$
#a
xb
œ
x$ #x œ
xx$
# x œ
yaxb. Odd.

14. ya
xb œ a
xb
sina
xb œ a
xb  sin x œ
ax
sin xb œ
yaxb. Odd.

15. ya
xb œ
x  cosa
xb œ
x  cos x. Neither even nor odd.

16. ya
xb œ a
xbcosa
xb œ
x cos x œ
yaxb. Odd.

17. Since f and g are odd Ê fa
xb œ
faxb and ga
xb œ
gaxb.
(a) af † gba
xb œ fa
xbga
xb œ Ò
faxbÓÒ
gaxbÓ œ faxbgaxb œ af † gbaxb Ê f † g is even
(b) f 3 a
xb œ fa
xbfa
xbfa
xb œ Ò
faxbÓÒ
faxbÓÒ
faxbÓ œ
faxb † faxb † faxb œ
f 3 axb Ê f 3 is odd.
(c) fasina
xbb œ fa
sinaxbb œ
fasinaxbb Ê fasinaxbb is odd.
(d) gaseca
xbb œ gasecaxbb Ê gasecaxbb is even.
(e) lga
xbl œ l
gaxbl œ lgaxbl Ê lgl is evenÞ

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32 Chapter 1 Functions

18. Let faa
xb œ faa  xb and define gaxb œ fax  ab. Then ga
xb œ faa
xb  ab œ faa
xb œ faa  xb œ fax  ab œ gaxb
Ê gaxb œ fax  ab is even.

19. (a) The function is defined for all values of x, so the domain is a
_ß _b.
(b) Since l x l attains all nonnegative values, the range is Ò
#ß _Ñ.

20. (a) Since the square root requires "
x   !, the domain is Ð
_ß "Ó.
(b) Since È"
x attains all nonnegative values, the range is Ò
#ß _Ñ.

21. (a) Since the square root requires "'
x#   !, the domain is Ò
%ß %Ó.
(b) For values of x in the domain, ! Ÿ "'
x# Ÿ "', so ! Ÿ È"'
x# Ÿ %. The range is Ò!ß %Ó.

22. (a) The function is defined for all values of x, so the domain is a
_ß _b.
(b) Since $#
x attains all positive values, the range is a"ß _b.

23. (a) The function is defined for all values of x, so the domain is a
_ß _b.
(b) Since #e
x attains all positive values, the range is a
$ß _b.

k1 k1
24. (a) The function is equivalent to y œ tan #x, so we require #x Á # for odd integers k. The domain is given by x Á % for
odd integers k.
(b) Since the tangent function attains all values, the range is a
_ß _b.

25. (a) The function is defined for all values of x, so the domain is a
_ß _b.
(b) The sine function attains values from
" to ", so
# Ÿ #sina$x  1b Ÿ # and hence
$ Ÿ #sina$x  1b
" Ÿ ". The
range is Ò
3ß 1Ó.

26. (a) The function is defined for all values of x, so the domain is a
_ß _b.
(b) The function is equivalent to y œ È &
x# , which attains all nonnegative values. The range is Ò!ß _Ñ.

27. (a) The logarithm requires x
$  !, so the domain is a$ß _b.

(b) The logarithm attains all real values, so the range is a
_ß _b.

28. (a) The function is defined for all values of x, so the domain is a
_ß _b.
(b) The cube root attains all real values, so the range is a
_ß _b.

29. (a) Increasing because volume increases as radius increases

(b) Neither, since the greatest integer function is composed of horizontal (constant) line segments
(c) Decreasing because as the height increases, the atmospheric pressure decreases.
(d) Increasing because the kinetic (motion) energy increases as the particles velocity increases.

30. (a) Increasing on Ò2, _Ñ (b) Increasing on Ò
1, _Ñ

(c) Increasing on a
_, _b (d) Increasing on Ò "# , _Ñ

31. (a) The function is defined for
% Ÿ x Ÿ %, so the domain is Ò
%ß %Ó.
(b) The function is equivalent to y œ Èl x l,
% Ÿ x Ÿ %, which attains values from ! to # for x in the domain. The
range is Ò!ß #Ó.

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 Chapter 1 Practice Exercises 33

32. (a) The function is defined for
# Ÿ x Ÿ #, so the domain is Ò
#ß #Ó.
(b) The range is Ò
"ß "Ó.

!
"
"
33. First piece: Line through a!ß "b and a"ß !b. m œ "
! œ " œ
" Ê y œ
x  " œ "
x
Second piece: Line through a"ß "b and a#ß !b. m œ !#
"

" œ "

"
œ
" Ê y œ
ax
"b  " œ
x  # œ #
x
"
x, ! Ÿ x  "
faxb œ œ
#
x, " Ÿ x Ÿ #

5
!
34. First piece: Line through a!ß !b and a2ß 5b. m œ 2
! œ 2 Ê y œ 2x
5 5

!
5
5
Second piece: Line through a2ß 5b and a4ß !b. m œ 4
2 œ 2 œ
52 Ê y œ
52 ax
2b  5 œ
52 x  10 œ 10
5x
2
5
2 x, !Ÿx2
faxb œ
(Note: x œ 2 can be included on either piece.)
10
5x
2 , 2ŸxŸ4

35. (a) af‰gba
"b œ faga
"bb œ fŠ È
""  # ‹ œ fa"b œ "

" œ"

(b) ag‰f ba#b œ gafa#bb œ gˆ "2 ‰ œ "

œ "
È#Þ& or É &#
É "#  #

(c) af‰f baxb œ fafaxbb œ fˆ "x ‰ œ "

"Îx œ x, x Á !
% x#
È
(d) ag‰gbaxb œ gagaxbb œ gŠ Èx" # ‹ œ "
" œ
É Èx # # É "  #È x  #

36. (a) af‰gba
"b œ faga
"bb œ fˆÈ $

"  "‰ œ fa!b œ #
! œ #
(b) ag‰f ba#b œ faga#bb œ ga#
#b œ ga!b œ È$
!"œ"
(c) af‰f baxb œ fafaxbb œ fa#
xb œ #
a#
xb œ x
(d) ag‰gbaxb œ gagaxbb œ gˆÈ
$ $
x  "‰ œ É È
$
x""

#
37. (a) af‰gbaxb œ fagaxbb œ fˆÈx  #‰ œ #
ˆÈx  #‰ œ
x, x  
#.
ag‰f baxb œ fagaxbb œ ga#
x# b œ Èa#
x# b  # œ È%
x#
(b) Domain of f‰g: Ò
#ß _ÑÞ (c) Range of f‰g: Ð
_ß #ÓÞ
Domain of g‰f: Ò
#ß #ÓÞ Range of g‰f: Ò!ß #ÓÞ

38. (a) af‰gbaxb œ fagaxbb œ fŠÈ"
x‹ œ ÉÈ"
x œ È

%
"
x.

ag‰f baxb œ fagaxbb œ gˆÈx‰ œ É"
Èx

(b) Domain of f‰g: Ð
_ß "ÓÞ (c) Range of f‰g: Ò!ß _ÑÞ
Domain of g‰f: Ò!ß "ÓÞ Range of g‰f: Ò!ß "ÓÞ

39. y œ faxb y œ af‰f baxb

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34 Chapter 1 Functions

40.

41. 42.

The graph of f# (x) œ f" akxkb is the same as the It does not change the graph.
graph of f" (x) to the right of the y-axis. The
graph of f# (x) to the left of the y-axis is the
reflection of y œ f" (x), x   0 across the y-axis.

43. 44.

Whenever g" (x) is positive, the graph of y œ g# (x)
œ kg" (x)k is the same as the graph of y œ g" (x).
When g" (x) is negative, the graph of y œ g# (x) is
the reflection of the graph of y œ g" (x) across the
x-axis.
Whenever g" (x) is positive, the graph of y œ g# (x) œ kg" (x)k
is the same as the graph of y œ g" (x). When g" (x) is
negative, the graph of y œ g# (x) is the reflection of the
graph of y œ g" (x) across the x-axis.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

 Chapter 1 Practice Exercises 35

45. 46.

Whenever g" (x) is positive, the graph of
y œ g# (x) œ kg" (x)k is the same as the graph of
y œ g" (x). When g" (x) is negative, the graph of
y œ g# (x) is the reflection of the graph of
y œ g" (x) across the x-axis.
The graph of f# (x) œ f" akxkb is the same as the
graph of f" (x) to the right of the y-axis. The
graph of f# (x) to the left of the y-axis is the
reflection of y œ f" (x), x   0 across the y-axis.

47. 48.

The graph of f# (x) œ f" akxkb is the same as the The graph of f# (x) œ f" akxkb is the same as the
graph of f" (x) to the right of the y-axis. The graph of f" (x) to the right of the y-axis. The
graph of f# (x) to the left of the y-axis is the graph of f# (x) to the left of the y-axis is the
reflection of y œ f" (x), x   0 across the y-axis. reflection of y œ f" (x), x   0 across the y-axis.

"
49. (a) y œ gax
3b  # (b) y œ gˆx  3# ‰
2
(c) y œ ga
xb (d) y œ
gaxb
(e) y œ 5 † gaxb (f) y œ ga5xb

50. (a) Shift the graph of f right 5 units (b) Horizontally compress the graph of f by a factor of 4
(c) Horizontally compress the graph of f by a factor of 3 and a then reflect the graph about the y-axis
(d) Horizontally compress the graph of f by a factor of 2 and then shift the graph left "# unit.
(e) Horizontally stretch the graph of f by a factor of 3 and then shift the graph down 4 units.
(f) Vertically stretch the graph of f by a factor of 3, then reflect the graph about the x-axis, and finally shift the
graph up "4 unit.

51. Reflection of the grpah of y œ Èx about the x-axis

followed by a horizontal compression by a factor of
1
2 then a shift left 2 units.

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36 Chapter 1 Functions

52. Reflect the graph of y œ x about the x-axis, followed

by a vertical compression of the graph by a factor
of 3, then shift the graph up 1 unit.

53. Vertical compression of the graph of y œ 1

x2 by a
factor of 2, then shift the graph up 1 unit.

54. Reflect the graph of y œ x1Î3 about the y-axis, then

compress the graph horizontally by a factor of 5.

55. 56.

period œ 1 period œ 41

57. 58.

period œ 2 period œ 4

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 Chapter 1 Practice Exercises 37

59. 60.

period œ 21 period œ 21

1 1 È3
61. (a) sin B œ sin 3 œ b
c œ b
# Ê b œ 2 sin 3 œ 2Š # ‹ œ È3. By the theorem of Pythagoras,

a#  b# œ c# Ê a œ Èc#
b# œ È4
3 œ 1.
#
1
(b) sin B œ sin 3 œ b
c œ 2
c Ê cœ 2
sin 13 œ È23 œ 4
È3 . Thus, a œ Èc#
b# œ ÊŠ È43 ‹
(2)# œ É 34 œ 2
È3 .
Š ‹ #

62. (a) sin A œ a

c Ê a œ c sin A (b) tan A œ a
b Ê a œ b tan A

63. (a) tan B œ b

a Ê aœ b
tan B (b) sin A œ a
c Ê cœ a
sin A

È c #
b #
64. (a) sin A œ a
c (c) sin A œ a
c œ c

65. Let h œ height of vertical pole, and let b and c denote the
distances of points B and C from the base of the pole,
measured along the flatground, respectively. Then,
tan 50° œ hc , tan 35° œ hb , and b
c œ 10.
Thus, h œ c tan 50° and h œ b tan 35° œ (c  10) tan 35°
Ê c tan 50° œ (c  10) tan 35°
Ê c (tan 50°
tan 35°) œ 10 tan 35°
Ê c œ tan1050°
tan 35° Ê h œ c tan 50°
tan 35°

œ 10 tan 35° tan 50°

tan 50°
tan 35° ¸ 16.98 m.

66. Let h œ height of balloon above ground. From the figure at

the right, tan 40° œ ha , tan 70° œ hb , and a  b œ 2. Thus,
h œ b tan 70° Ê h œ (2
a) tan 70° and h œ a tan 40°
Ê (2
a) tan 70° œ a tan 40° Ê a(tan 40°  tan 70°)
œ 2 tan 70° Ê a œ tan 240°tantan
70°
70° Ê h œ a tan 40°
œ 2 tan 70° tan 40°
tan 40°tan 70° ¸ 1.3 km.

67. (a)

(b) The period appears to be 41.

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38 Chapter 1 Functions

(c) f(x  41) œ sin (x  41)  cos ˆ x#41 ‰ œ sin (x  21)  cos ˆ x#  21‰ œ sin x  cos x
#
since the period of sine and cosine is 21. Thus, f(x) has period 41.

68. (a)

(b) D œ (
_ß 0)  (!ß _); R œ [
1ß 1]

(c) f is not periodic. For suppose f has period p. Then f ˆ #"1  kp‰ œ f ˆ #"1 ‰ œ sin 21 œ 0 for all
" " "
integers k. Choose k so large that #1  kp  1 Ê 0 (1/21)kp  1. But then
f ˆ #"1  kp‰ œ sin Š (1/#1")kp ‹  0 which is a contradiction. Thus f has no period, as claimed.

CHAPTER 1 ADDITIONAL AND ADVANCED EXERCISES

1. There are (infinitely) many such function pairs. For example, f(x) œ 3x and g(x) œ 4x satisfy
f(g(x)) œ f(4x) œ 3(4x) œ 12x œ 4(3x) œ g(3x) œ g(f(x)).

2. Yes, there are many such function pairs. For example, if g(x) œ (2x  3)$ and f(x) œ x"Î$ , then
"Î$
(f ‰ g)(x) œ f(g(x)) œ f a(2x  3)$ b œ a(2x  3)$ b œ 2x  3.

3. If f is odd and defined at x, then f(
x) œ
f(x). Thus g(
x) œ f(
x)
2 œ
f(x)
2 whereas

g(x) œ
(f(x)
2) œ
f(x)  2. Then g cannot be odd because g(
x) œ
g(x) Ê
f(x)
2 œ
f(x)  2
Ê 4 œ 0, which is a contradiction. Also, g(x) is not even unless f(x) œ 0 for all x. On the other hand, if f is
even, then g(x) œ f(x)
2 is also even: g(
x) œ f(
x)
2 œ f(x)
2 œ g(x).

4. If g is odd and g(0) is defined, then g(0) œ g(
0) œ
g(0). Therefore, 2g(0) œ 0 Ê g(0) œ 0.

5. For (xß y) in the 1st quadrant, kxk  kyk œ 1  x

Í x  y œ 1  x Í y œ 1. For (xß y) in the 2nd
quadrant, kxk  kyk œ x  1 Í
x  y œ x  1
Í y œ 2x  1. In the 3rd quadrant, kxk  kyk œ x  1
Í
x
y œ x  1 Í y œ
2x
1. In the 4th
quadrant, kxk  kyk œ x  1 Í x  (
y) œ x  1
Í y œ
1. The graph is given at the right.

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 Chapter 1 Additional and Advanced Exercises 39

6. We use reasoning similar to Exercise 5.

(1) 1st quadrant: y  kyk œ x  kxk
Í 2y œ 2x Í y œ x.
(2) 2nd quadrant: y  kyk œ x  kxk
Í 2y œ x  (
x) œ 0 Í y œ 0.
(3) 3rd quadrant: y  kyk œ x  kxk
Í y  (
y) œ x  (
x) Í 0 œ 0
Ê all points in the 3rd quadrant
satisfy the equation.
(4) 4th quadrant: y  kyk œ x  kxk
Í y  (
y) œ 2x Í 0 œ x. Combining
these results we have the graph given at the
right:

sin# x
7. (a) sin# x  cos# x œ 1 Ê sin# x œ 1
cos# x œ (1
cos x)(1  cos x) Ê (1
cos x) œ 1cos x
1
cos x
Ê sin x œ sin x
1cos x
(b) Using the definition of the tangent function and the double angle formulas, we have
" cos Š2 Š #
x ‹‹
# sin# ˆ x# ‰ 1
cos x
tan ˆ x# ‰ œ cos# ˆ #x ‰
œ #
"
cos Š2 Š #x ‹‹ œ 1cos x .
#

8. The angles labeled # in the accompanying figure are

equal since both angles subtend arc CD. Similarly, the
two angles labeled ! are equal since they both subtend
arc AB. Thus, triangles AED and BEC are similar which
implies a
b c œ 2a cos )
b
a c
Ê (a
c)(a  c) œ b(2a cos )
b)
Ê a#
c# œ 2ab cos )
b#
Ê c# œ a#  b#
2ab cos ).

9. As in the proof of the law of sines of Section 1.3, Exercise 61, ah œ bc sin A œ ab sin C œ ac sin B
Ê the area of ABC œ "# (base)(height) œ "# ah œ "# bc sin A œ "# ab sin C œ "# ac sin B.

" " "

10. As in Section 1.3, Exercise 61, (Area of ABC)# œ 4 (base)# (height)# œ 4 a# h # œ 4 a# b# sin# C
" a#  b#
c#
œ 4 a# b# a"
cos# Cb . By the law of cosines, c# œ a#  b#
2ab cos C Ê cos C œ 2ab .
# #
" " #
 b#
c# a# b# aa #  b #
c # b
Thus, (area of ABC)# œ 4 a# b# a"
cos# Cb œ 4 a# b# Œ"
Š a #ab ‹ œ 4 Š"
4a# b# ‹

" # "
œ 16 Š4a# b#
aa#  b#
c# b ‹ œ 16 ca2ab  aa#  b#
c# bb a2ab
aa#  b#
c# bbd
" "
œ ca(a  b)#
c# b ac#
(a
b)# bd œ 16
16 c((a  b)  c)((a  b)
c)(c  (a
b))(c
(a
b))d
œ ˆ # ‰ ˆ # ‰ ˆ # ‰ ˆ # ‰‘ œ s(s
a)(s
b)(s
c), where s œ a#bc .
a  b  c
a  b  c a
b  c a  b
c

Therefore, the area of ABC equals Ès(s
a)(s
b)(s
c) .

11. If f is even and odd, then f(
x) œ
f(x) and f(
x) œ f(x) Ê f(x) œ
f(x) for all x in the domain of f.
Thus 2f(x) œ 0 Ê f(x) œ 0.

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40 Chapter 1 Functions
f(x)  f(
x) f(
x)  f(
(
x))
12. (a) As suggested, let E(x) œ # Ê E(
x) œ # œ f(x) #f(
x) œ E(x) Ê E is an
even function. Define O(x) œ f(x)
E(x) œ f(x)
f(x) #f(
x) œ f(x)
#f(
x) . Then
O(
x) œ f(
x)
#f(
(
x)) œ f(
x)#
f(x) œ
Š f(x)
#f(
x) ‹ œ
O(x) Ê O is an odd function
Ê f(x) œ E(x)  O(x) is the sum of an even and an odd function.
(b) Part (a) shows that f(x) œ E(x)  O(x) is the sum of an even and an odd function. If also
f(x) œ E" (x)  O" (x), where E" is even and O" is odd, then f(x)
f(x) œ 0 œ aE" (x)  O" (x)b

(E(x)  O(x)). Thus, E(x)
E" (x) œ O" (x)
O(x) for all x in the domain of f (which is the same as the
domain of E
E" and O
O" ). Now (E
E" )(
x) œ E(
x)
E" (
x) œ E(x)
E" (x) (since E and E" are
even) œ (E
E" )(x) Ê E
E" is even. Likewise, (O"
O)(
x) œ O" (
x)
O(
x) œ
O" (x)
(
O(x))
(since O and O" are odd) œ
(O" (x)
O(x)) œ
(O"
O)(x) Ê O"
O is odd. Therefore, E
E" and
O"
O are both even and odd so they must be zero at each x in the domain of f by Exercise 11. That is,
E" œ E and O" œ O, so the decomposition of f found in part (a) is unique.

b# b# b ‰# b#
13. y œ ax#  bx  c œ a Šx#  ba x  4a# ‹
4a  c œ a ˆx  2a
4a c
(a) If a  0 the graph is a parabola that opens upward. Increasing a causes a vertical stretching and a shift
of the vertex toward the y-axis and upward. If a  0 the graph is a parabola that opens downward.
Decreasing a causes a vertical stretching and a shift of the vertex toward the y-axis and downward.
(b) If a  0 the graph is a parabola that opens upward. If also b  0, then increasing b causes a shift of the
graph downward to the left; if b  0, then decreasing b causes a shift of the graph downward and to the
right.
If a  0 the graph is a parabola that opens downward. If b  0, increasing b shifts the graph upward
to the right. If b  0, decreasing b shifts the graph upward to the left.
(c) Changing c (for fixed a and b) by ?c shifts the graph upward ?c units if ?c  0, and downward
?c
units if ?c  0.

14. (a) If a  0, the graph rises to the right of the vertical line x œ
b and falls to the left. If a  0, the graph
falls to the right of the line x œ
b and rises to the left. If a œ 0, the graph reduces to the horizontal
line y œ c. As kak increases, the slope at any given point x œ x! increases in magnitude and the graph
becomes steeper. As kak decreases, the slope at x! decreases in magnitude and the graph rises or falls
more gradually.
(b) Increasing b shifts the graph to the left; decreasing b shifts it to the right.
(c) Increasing c shifts the graph upward; decreasing c shifts it downward.

15. Each of the triangles pictured has the same base

b œ v?t œ v(1 sec). Moreover, the height of each
triangle is the same value h. Thus "# (base)(height) œ "
# bh
œ A" œ A# œ A$ œ á . In conclusion, the object sweeps
out equal areas in each one second interval.

16. (a) Using the midpoint formula, the coordinates of P are ˆ a# 0 ß b# 0 ‰ œ ˆ #a ß b# ‰ . Thus the slope
?y
of OP œ ?x œ b/2
a/2 œ b
a .

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 Chapter 1 Additional and Advanced Exercises 41
b
0
(b) The slope of AB œ 0
a œ
ba . The line segments AB and OP are perpendicular when the product
#
of their slopes is
" œ ˆ ba ‰ ˆ
ba ‰ œ
ba# . Thus, b# œ a# Ê a œ b (since both are positive). Therefore, AB
is perpendicular to OP when a œ b.

1
17. From the figure we see that 0 Ÿ ) Ÿ 2 and AB œ AD œ 1. From trigonometry we have the following: sin ) œ EB
AB œ EB,
sin )
cos ) œ AE
AB œ AE, tan ) œ
œ CD, and tan ) œ
CD
AD œ EB
AE cos ) .
We can see that:
w
area ˜AEB  area sector DB  area ˜ADC Ê # aAEbaEBb  "# aADb2 )  "# aADbaCDb
"

Ê "# sin ) cos )  "# a"b2 )  "# a"batan )b Ê "# sin ) cos )  "# )  " sin )
# cos )

18. af‰gbaxb œ fagaxbb œ aacx  db  b œ acx  ad  b and ag‰f baxb œ gafaxbb œ caax  bb  d œ acx  cb  d
Thus af‰gbaxb œ ag‰f baxb Ê acx  ad  b œ acx  bc  d Ê ad  b œ bc  d. Note that fadb œ ad  b and
gabb œ cb  d, thus af‰gbaxb œ ag‰f baxb if fadb œ gabb.

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42 Chapter 1 Functions

NOTES:

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.