Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Metric Refrence Manual

    Uploaded by

    HRK65
    83 views49 pages
    metricreference

    Original Title

    METRIC REFRENCE MANUAL

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    metricreference

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    83 views49 pages

    Metric Refrence Manual

    Uploaded by

    HRK65
    metricreference

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 49
    It was in late 1964 chat the Technical Policy Commitee established a Metric Study Group and the first report of the latter wee Published in the September, 1966, Journaf, Subsequently, the C oup was reformed as.a panel ofrng Guide Committee and’a second ‘Port directed in pa.ccular to the Guide, was made wvanates jin March, 1967. tp, bret the original conclusion that SI* units should be adopted has been accepted by sake, Ts that coherence and consistency are lost Acne urity, for purity’s te ids however, been avoided and, where accept multiples or subsmultiples to qrapinal publication of this manual has been delayed due to indecision as to the form prachee “cima! marker. Plans had been made to secon to predominant European howereh, that ene BSE and use the comma; there ee indications, Aerie tat the Ministry of Tethnology may propa nat ‘another marker will be used. ¢tezmuch deliberation and to avoid publishing sone ee ‘ight well be rescinded isto bed 0 ttn the stems quo and use the desi ata this publication, It As to the content of the manual, the Guide Committee ate confident that it will meet a Plaangtithin the industry and will assist designen, contractors and manufacturers in Planning for the change scheduled to take ples throughout the constructior. industry Syston ance with BS.L publication PD6030, Progmerne for change to tke Metric System in the Construction Industry. *Srttmetnerntonl Chairman, Guide Committee, METRIC STUDY GROUP J. Peach, Chairman* D.J. Hyam E.E. Blandon W. P. Jones* D. D. Burness-Smith B. G, Lawrence* G.T. K. Dean P.L. Martin® A. G. Foster* H.G. Mitchell* P. A. Hansen® T. Smith ‘Metric Panel The following organisations have welcomed the pul ‘change to SI units in offices associated with the Bi ication of this Manual as a useful contribution assisting in the ig Services Industry: British Standards Institution Construction Industry Training Board** Electricity Council ‘Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association Heating and Ventilating Research Association Institute of Fuel Institution of Gas Engineers Ministry of Health Ministry of Power Ministry of Public Building and Works Royal Institute of British Architects **CITB are also producing self-teaching booklets for use in the Industry. CONTENTS General Notes... ee ee patter ta 3 Gobetthe and Cons pberence and Consistency Wea ore and te (Quan of Mater faltpes and Subsmulipte, ower Drawing Seales “ Screw threads ‘Sizes Pubieations Recommended Metric Units, Conversion Factors Conversion Factors (in alphabetical order) fe ieee Standards and Common Values... Sandard Gravity mospheric Pressure ‘Normal Temperature and Pressure Densities Specie Heats Viscosiies Latent Heats ‘Typical Thermal Conductivitie, ete, ‘Equivalent Magnitudes sige gp we eg as ae Inside and Outside Design Temperatures LPHW, HPHW, HWS Temperatures ‘Water Storage and Consumption Boiler Capacities Ventilation and Air Flow Rates Water Flow Rates Pipe Duties Pump Duties Refrigeration Loads ‘Typical Heat Losses and Gains ‘Appendix A ‘Comparison of existing and SI Units for Basic Engineering Equations Appendix B ‘Terms, Symbols and Units for use in Heat Transmission Cateulations <3 Appendix C ‘Terms, Symbols and Units for use in Paychrometric Calculations. i Appendix D ‘Terms and Symbols for use in Ait Flow Calculations... ey Appendix E ‘Terms and Symbols for use in Refrigeration Calculations 6. ae Appendix F Dimensional Tolerances. eevee Conversion Table °F to °C Air Flow Chart... Seta Summary Table of Approximate Conversion Factors Page 2 24 26 8 30 32 35 36 37 CHANGE TO METRIC GENERAL NOTES ‘The following notes are intended to give some guidance for implementing the metric system in addition to the Tecommendations given later in the manual. Tncluded also are references to other documents which the user will find useful. The Appendices contain worked exam- ples and other notes which iti felt might be appreciated. SI UNITS ‘The basic and derived units listed in this manual are consistent with those already adopted in metric-using countries following the Syst#me International (SI). The basic SI Units of the Metric System and their definitions are as follows— Length ‘The unit of length called the ‘metre’ is 1 650 763-73 wave- Tengths in vacuo of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the energy levels 2 pp and 5 d, of the krypton-86 atom (11th Conférence Géneral des Poids et Mésures (CGPM) 1960), Mass The unit of mass called the ‘kilogramme? is the mass of the international prototype which is in the custody of the Bureau International des Poids et Mésures (BIPM) at Stvres, near Paris, France (3rd CGPM, 1901), Time ‘The unit of time called the ‘second? is defined by the fraction: 1/31 556 925-9747 of the tropical year for 1900 January 0 at 12 h ephemeris time (1th CGPM, 1960). (The tropical year is the time interval between consecu- tive passages, in the same direction, of the Sun through the Earth's equatorial plane.) Electric Current ‘The unit of electric current called the ‘ampere’ is that constant current which, if maintained in two parallel rectilinear conductors of infinite length, of neglible circular cross-section, and placed at a distance of one ‘metre apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newtons per metre length (9th CGPM, 1948). ‘Thermodynamic Temperature ‘The unit of thermodynamic temperature called the ‘degree Kelvin’ is the degree interval of the thermo- dynamic scale on which the temperature of the triple point of water is 27316 degrees exactly (10th CGPM, 1954). (Wot. The corresponding temperature ofthe ice point is 77315°K.) Luminous Intensity The unit of Iuminous intensity called the ‘candela’ is Such that the luminance of a full radiator at the tem. Perature of solidification of platioum is 60 units of luminous intensity per square centimetre (Oth CGPM, 1948). COHERENCE AND CONSISTENCY ‘The International System (SI) is a coherent system of units. This is shown by the quotient or produet of the units of two quantities giving the unit of the derived quantity. Thus, unit velocity results when unit length is, divided by unit time, and unit force when unit mass is multiplied by unit acceleration. The basic SI units are also consistent between technologies. For example, ‘energy is given by the equation: I newton metre = 1 joule = 1 watt second. On the other hand, the inconsistent nature of both the British system of units and the metric ‘technical’ system. (still in use in some continental countries, but losing favour) can be shown by two similar energy equations 1 fe bf = 1-285 x 10-* Btu = 0377 x 10-* kWh for the British system, and | kfm — 2:342 x 10- keal = 2-724 x 10-# kWh for the unfavoured metric ‘technical’ system. WEIGHT (FORCE) AND MASS (QUANTITY OF MATTER) Mass will be quoted in kilogrammes whereas weight, being a force, should be given in newtons. Where both ‘mass and weight are important features, such as occurs, with pipe, tables should give values in both senses using, the appropriate units. Although the term ‘weight’ may continue to be used Where ‘mass’ is intended, the difference must be recognised when, say, calculating the stress in a pipe anger due to the ‘weight’ of the pipe and contents as opposed to the heat capacity of the pipe and contents wiere ‘mass’ is, involved and gravitational force has no significance. MULTIPLES AND SUB-MULTIPLES ‘The multiples and sub-multiples ofthe basic SI units are: Symbol Prefix ‘Multiplication Factor a tera 10% G size 10" M ‘mega 108 k kilo 10 h hecto 0 da deca 10 4 deci 108 © centi 10? mill 10 - micro lo 1 mano 10+ 10-8 Pp pico f femnto 1058 a att? 10 Notes. (H) The prefix always refers to the basic unit to which it is attached. This becomes important when multiples are raised to powers: ie. am? 8000 cm* = 8000 (centimetre)* ‘8000 (10-* m)? 3000 x 10-* m? x 10 mt = 0-008 m* (ii) Indices (@ x 108) x (b x 107) =a x bx 1OK+¥ (@ x 109 = (0 x 10)= 2 x 1-7 (a x 1097 ay x 100 55 x10? x 66 % 10-9 Tea oe 55 ees en 47x10 a4 ex. (iii) The IHVE Guide will use, as far as practicable, the basic SI unit and appropriate multiple so as to avoid, eg. 10-* kW (millikilowatt). When multiples of ST units are used, e.g, litre, the system is not coherent, and these should be translated into basic SI units before applying formulae. SCREW THREADS (@) General It is virtually certain that ISO* standard metric threads will be adopted eventually by this country. It must be noted that although there are ISO standards for both, coarse and fine threads these are not comparable with Whitworth or BSF or with UNC and UNF. ISO coarse threads are finer than Whitworth and the ISO fine threads are even finer than UNF and much finer than BSF. Generally BSF threaded fasteners may be replaced by ISO coarse. It is unlikely that ISO fine threads will be ‘much used in general engineering. ©) Pipes ‘These ate covered by ISO Recommendation R7 and are completely interchangeable with threads to BS21, No change is therefore required PIPE SIZES (@) Light Gauge Copper Tubes For the time being the standard tubes will be those given in BS659 : 1967 which now has a table giving the metric equivalent dimensions. At the moment there is no International Standard but an ISO Committee has the matter under consideration. (© Steel Tubes Metric Standard steel tubes have been determined and are covered by ISO Recommendation R65. In fact these tubes are the exact metric equivalent of those covered by 'BS1387 and are completely interchangeable with the British Standard tubes, no change therefore being necessary. DRAWING SCALES ‘The recommended scales are given in PD6O3I for all categories of maps, layouts and drawings, iz.: Use ato Maps Tam 01999 fam 1333 fame 3 2 fame i 8 tag 8 Tom wane Tami $0 tame 38 ime % 8 ime tS imme ds 2 Sara and Tam ie 33m layouts 1 Immto 2°) m isi [1s fas B et imme 178 118 Immo os & Sis ane] 3171250 [mm 015 ses | ow ime i723 th 138 imme os 2 Skeich aches | 1 amo Tam ie 02m = [iB Tan 8h a Ysation a0 Tame 02 drawings ai 100 immto Ol m 1M TER Sos & | Componeneand| 1; 30 camo 00? we scongacat | tip Timi 8h a some ToS Sos ho Ras ‘Scales so marked are included in recognition ofthe great problems that face ordnance surtes and map wsers in a changeover {0 scales ‘ecoinmended by the Inernational Organisation for Stondardsation G30} The scale 1 : 100 approximates to 1 in : 8 feet. The scale | : $0 approximates to 1 in : 4 feet. BRITISH STANDARD AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS PD6030 Programme for the change to the Metric System in the Construction Industry. PD6031_A guide for the use of the Metric System in the Construction Industry. PDS686. The use of SI Units. 'BS3763_ The International System (SI) Units. BS350 Conversion Factors and Tables. Part 1, Part 2, BS4011 Recommendations for the co-ordination of dimensions in buildings. Basic sizes for building components and assemblies, ‘The Standard Method of Measurement cf Building Works, Metric Edition, Metric Standard for Engineering, BS Handbook No. 18, Inquiries should be made as to the publication date of particular British Standards in metric terms. The address 4s BS.L, 2 Park Street, London, W.1. (Mayfair 9000.) * 180, International Organisation for Standardisation, RECOMMENDED METRIC UNITS Recommended Quantity SI unit Remarks Unit Multiples SPACE AND TIME Length km m(metre) ; mm em Area km? mt mi mm* Volume im? mi WU = 10 m= 1 dm? i (litre) Litre may be written in full mi to avoid eonfusion with unity Time s (second) 5 Conveniently sized derived units using the second arise {in most cases and multiples ‘of these should be used in preference to introducing the minute, hour and day Plane Angle rad (radian) No change 5 degree) ” * (aminute) ” (second) . Solid Angle sr (steradian) No change MOTION Velocity ms ms Acceleration mist jst Frequency kHz He(hertz) Hz 1 cycle per second. i Rotational Frequency = rev/s MASS AND DENSITY Mass 1 (tonne) It =10kg kg (kilo kg gramme) 8 mg “E ‘Mass per Unit Length kgim kg/m ‘Mass per Unit Area kgim? kg/m? Density (Specific Mass) kgim® kgim? Specific Volume mi/kg mfkg Concentration pm (parts per I ppm = I mgfltre of water ‘lion CONVERSION TABLE BRITISH AND METRIC UNITS TO SI UNITS Quantity British or Common Unit} x Factor ST Unit SPACE AND TIME Length thou’ (rid) x a nes a Hi = ot Blorasamo EXIGE” ER $5 as HEBip Be = gee ce Be a a aes oo ore ee av Hai Ee a is aSee Ee ante. = ies ster i eRe oat aoe. ot ona mat Se MOTION = = Se MASS AND DENSITY ‘grain 6479 x 10+ - Ks (64m ot ‘kilogramme con ng OE cue MierreUiram odin on seh? Dent ty pa wns Ligmaal ato retin a Lee enamel snstetm —* t coo. Latte Goon stated, { All measures quoted are Imperial unless other tenets sa Recommended Metre Units—continued Recommended Quantity ST unit Remarks Unit Multiples VISCOSITY Dynamic Viscosity N/m? No/m* €P (centipoise) 1 cP = 10-* Ne/m? Kinematic Viscosity mis mils St (centistokes) 1 cSt = 10-+ m/s TEMPERATURE Absolute Temperature °K (degree °K Kelvin) Customary Temperature “C gree Celsius) ‘Temperature Interval deg deg C During the traasition period from Fahrenheit to Celsius units the letter ‘C’ will be inserted after ‘deg? Linear Expansion Coefficient deg? deg C# HEAT Energy, Work Quantity of a Heat MJ w Joule) J 1} =1Nm=1Ws HEAT FLOW Pomer (Heat Flow Rate) kW Wwatt) = W W =J/s = Nmjs ‘Thermal Conductivity Wim deg W/m deg = W/m? degC ‘Thermal Conductance (Coeff cient of Heat Transfer) Wim? deg W/m? degC ‘Thermal Resist mdegiW mm degC/W =m! deg C/Wm. ‘Thermal Resistance m*deg/W — m? deg/W ‘Thermal Diffusivity m/s mis 2 Conversion Teble—contiaued Quantity British or Common Unit} x Factor SI Unit VISCOSITY SREY pin taneeninae) x1 xr a ponstocewctar bo me mie See rondtecebwtin Stewie Kiem: Vwly ste ete se rte sean ion Se —— ao ebm Se en Foot") Sion pateccond i = san BEDE, nest ions TEMPERATURE Tint Sa te HEAT Be camiyet ‘Heat 3 Yo pritsh Thermal Unit (Bu) x 1-055 x 10° ‘Ws=Nm_ joule Saw soph Eee Ze Be eros : se a Wr El Be temicmnn Hee ® 2 ftp i , & er ae La , ‘Note. The British thermal unit i temperature dependent; for instance, the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 39°F to 40°F (Btu) is equal to 1059'52 joules, whereas the mean value over the range 22°F (0 212 F (Blu) ve oueal \@ TOSS 00 joule, The International Steam Tables use a value of 1055-06 joule (Bturs) and this value fas been used forall the conversions involving ‘the Btu, On this basis one Btusr per pound is equal to 226 % 10® joule per kilogramme exactly, ‘The calorie is temperature dependent in the same way as isthe Btu. For example, at 15°C it equal to 41847 joules and at 20°C to 41808, The mean calorie is equal to 4-18605 absolute joules and the ealoriers to 4 18689 absolute joules. In adition the Calorie has been taken in practice to Be equivalent to 1000 calories. HEAT FLOW sore Be a at 1457 x 10" kW Kilowatt ee es a 3516 = kw kilowatt alow a a pape ee a ae TnemlCotciy Bae edn at 10 = Wine tm oe Ch - Kilocalorie/hour metre deg C 1-163 (E)* ‘Wim degC watt/metre degree Celsius TreclCocane —paeaegt tah) Hat Wm etre ne pe ai RiekiihaheAeayc Theor WANES Trane des Gs TremiRowivy for eg ity, GoM meets pate " metre hour deg Cikicealoie $5598 x 10" = mdog CW mre degree Celstuwatt TmiRsine athe Fg OM ee pC ae me metre hour dég Cikiloalorie 8398 x 10+ m* deg C/W Square metre degree Clsus/vatt mbites te ici! lek amen ‘atte et { Allmeasures quoted are Imperial unless otherwise stated. +E Exactly, ‘Recommended Metric Units—continued Recommended Quantity ST unit Remarks Unit Multiples HEAT ENERGY CONTENT Heat Capacity Sides Sidegc iikg ‘Specific Entbalpy dike kg Specific Heat Capacity Kifkg degC kd/keg degC Jikg deg kg degC Entropy wk wk Wk Specific Entropy Uke °K Ske °K Latent Heat Ike Ske lujkg Mijimé ‘Volumetric Caloric Value J/m? jm? Specific Heat Volume Basis M3/m? degC MIjm? degC Jim? deg Simm deg MOISTURE CONTENT Vapour Permeability kg m/Ns kg m/Ns pg m/Ns Permeance kg/Ns kgiNs ueiNs ‘Humidity Ratio kgikg kghkg Moisture Content Bike LIGHT ‘Luminous Intensity cd (candela) cd Luminous Flux: Im (lumen) Im 1m = Led sr Lumen may be written in full to avoid confusion with fone metre Mumination x ux) ik Vix = 1 km/m* Luminance cd/m? cd/m? ELECTRICITY Electric Current A(ampere) A Electrical Potential V(volt) —V 1V=1W/A Electric Resistance Qehm 2 19=1V/A Electric Capacitance F(farad) =F 1F=1As/V Electric Inductance H(benry) =H 1H =1 V/A 4 (Conversion Tuble—continued Quantity British or Common Unit} x Factor St Unit HEAT ENERGY CONTENT Heat Capacity Buujdeg F x 1899 x 108 joule[degree Celsius Hleaiseldeg C 87 5 18 Joule éepree Clas Specific Enthal Buvjpound 2326 x 10) seiko re sd ue 23d ‘Kiojouleiogremme Iilocalorejkilogramme S87 x 108 Joulefkilogramme aie Solojoule/Rtogramme Specific Heat Capecity | Buuipound deg F 4187 x 10° kg deg C__joulefkilogramme degree Celsius Pisin Capacty por unit POU 8 “a7 = talhede lojoutfgramme dar Mass) ius Kiloceloriefkilopramme degC 4187 x 10° kg degC joulekilogramme degree Csisius eee = iaike degC Kiljoule togramme ore, Enteo turk 1899 108 = eK ull eeree Kelvin id tlealorie"K 4167 2108 eK eatecepres aks Specific Entrop Buujpound °R 4187 x 10" Tike °K, joule/kilogramme degree Kelvin ve a i a8 ih Flojetettogramine cares Kilocalorieikilogramme *K 4187 x 10 Jovlekilogramme degre Kelvin 4187 Ilojoueltgramme ceree Kelvin latent Hen ‘Buypound 2526 « 10 itiopaame Specific Enerey) 33 ilojoulelkilogramme fe kilocalore/kilogramme 4187 x Joulejkilogramme foot pound foree/pound 2 Joule/kilogramime Volumetric Calorife Value Bufoot® kilocalorie!metre? Specific Heat (Volume basis) Btu/foot deg F kilocalorie/metre* deg C MOISTURE CONTENT Vapour Permeability pound foot/hour pound force Permeance pound/hour pound foree Humidity Ratio ound/pound Moisture Content srainfpound LIGHT Luminous Intensity candle (International) lumination foot candle Iumenyfoot* Luminance {oot lambert eandelainch* ELECTRICITY [No conversion is required; already largely SI {All messures quoted are Imperial unless otherwise stated. = Exactly, 6707 x 104 707 % 10-* 4187 x 10 #187 10° 9810 x 10-4 1076 x 108 1076 x 10! 3405 1350 x 10° Sin? deg Mint Jin dea Milatdss.c kg miNs emis keiNs maiNs ks ike od ca dim ein? Joulelcubic metre ‘egajoulefcubic metre Joulejeubie metre ‘megajoulelcubie metre joulefcubie metre degree Celsius megjoulecube mete degree Joulecubie metre degree Celsius Ieajoulecube mete degree kilogramme metre/newion second mueroprammne metrsevton kilogramme/newton second mierogramune/nevon second kilogramme/kilogramme srammekilogramme candela lux i ccandela/square metre andela/square metre 1s CONVERSION TABLE (in siphabecical order) British and Metric Units to ST Units Quantity British or Common Unitt x Factor = St Unit Aceseration foot)econdt 3088 «104 Area are inch 2 6482 «104 = te & Sas 1b sauare foot Z Sua yar ‘ sare mie * gor sie Angular Momentum, see Moment of Moment Calorie Vale (Volume) Buatoct +316» 104 Js 3761 Sle Kocaorefmeteet et © 108 Tine Sieh 10S Mime Capacity, se Heat Condctance, thermal Bw hour fot deg F x see = Win deg ¢ Kilcslorefiourmetet deg Te) eS Wim dese Conductivity, thermal Biuinchihourfeot'deg F< L482» 10 = WimdegC(Wmit dex) Klocilosehowrmenstsgc ede = Winder Deasty ound foot 1602 « 108 ound ie o Tae toe Boundlgtilon 3578 Ditty, thermal foottoue 2881 6 10: meee! hoor ie ie sey, Work, Quanity of Heat rsh Thermal Unit (Btw) 1-055» 108 Geena below) 2 Fag atjou horsepower hour 5 BBS mre a 268s Ma (oneeajoute) twat hour is ce @ =} 238 Ms thee (100 00 Bt & 15s «10 } SOS ao G1 issiowe foot pound force & 16 5 Biocon en (nso) OE 10 3 oclor¢ an snr ae Zi thermic ope =F ‘Note. The British thermal unit is temperature dependent; for instance, the enerky required tor {rom 39°F to 40°F (Btu) is equal to 1059'32 joules, whereas the mean value over the range. Joule, The International Steam Tables use a value of 1055-06 joule (Btu) and this value hes be the Btu, On this basis one Buse per pound is equal to 2326 ‘The calorie is temperature dependent In the same way as isthe Btu. For extmple at 15 “41808. The mean ealorie is equal to 4-18605 absolute joules and the calorie r 10.4 18689 In dition the Calorie has been taken in practice to be equivalent to 1000 calories, Eathalpy, specific Eniopy Entropy, specific Flow, mass, per unit area Flow Rate, mass Brujpound Kilocalore/kilogramme BuoeR ‘ilocaorie" Btujpound *R. kilocalorefkilogramme °K, pound/foot® hour oundjinch® hour pound/hour 4 All measures are Imperial unless otherwise stated, +E = Exaclly, 16 292610 2536 4187 10° 1356 x 10 1953 2 10-1 1260 10-* F 10 212°F (Btvmeag)' eaual 0 108579 en used for 10° joule per kilogramme exacly the converions involving °C itis equal to 41847 joules and at 20°C to absolute jules Conversion Table (in alphabetical order) continued ‘Quantity, British or Common Unitt Flow Rat, volame cubic footsecond , cub fooiminte 5 tallonimiute : salin/hour eallonjminute (US) i sallonjhour (US) x cube mereminute cubie mee/hour sass Wint satioot 16 108 wane Eloclone/hour mewet 2 Oe Wine Heat tent Biulpound x 2g = the ett = ifs kilosiovelogremme et <0 tke a = tie foot pound forepound 3589 = ike Heat, uty of se Energy Hoi Ratio pourdpound 1 = eke Ianinaton foot cant 1016-10 txt) Mimeno foe SR Leng thou (id 2st 10H = om BSE C10 IB etn nieromete) inch 38 Digs = fm FEL 1 tele mm itimere; foot i see Sm Sed (sh Standared Side tote Sm ine T0908 = 108 = Eis ttomete) Luminance foot amber, <6 cat Siouench* STB. iS Sime amino Inteosity candle ateratona) x 9810. 10" ce (endl) Mass (Qaanity of Matter) ounce 2435» 10+ Xe logan 3a © 1 sisranme) pound 4336 © 10 EESSSas 7 - 10" fon ibis » toe Ps {on (chord a SOs i fermen) 2 Pe ier = ie Bain a9 5 10 FE a9 91 «10 B <6 So ts rere) + Allmessures are Imperial unless otbervie stated tee pact ” Conversion Tale (in alphabetical order)—continued are er Cores el ee ll ae pe cei puter oa ice ae snail Sette ae ee ee ae ee De ae os io See ee eee oe — - B62 6 10° = gm/Ns — cinders oe ae x 2826 « 106 = ueiNs =o erie, =e ae gr iz ELS net = Se — 9-807» 107 me Be millimetre HO (4° anne ioe = dee uae es a se np 9 ag mee any tt 5 wn eee ee abel feted eee» aden meee one ; ae a % Miptdegc jamgeeee Ile i eee ee ; git eeniemallieen || ee feaeeate lle ss = ” det iiike degC ee ee ree amas ly as pont feats vtec sue pd ot ae a eile LHe 5 ie HU Sen ‘Torque (Moment of Force) pound force foot x 1356 = Nm" oe panei sad es ee I x agein oe a Page Dm 4 Allmeasures are Imperial unless otherwise stated, +B Exactly. (Conversion Table (in alphabetical order) continued Quantity British or Common Unitt x Factor SI Unit Viscosity, yma ize (dyn seclcentimet x1) x10 = Naot ree OT SIS TBE atpoiey pound fore secondffoot Saree = Nolo pound force hourfoot Ean Noir Simi 5 8 Visco, hisemate stokes (centimeresecond) «=X 1x IDE x1 Xie Be inchtsecond % basa to x 64a x I> footttecond Sox Io 5350 x footniaute TSB x toe % 136 io rite four hex toe Redwood No. 1 and No, 2seconds” No iret convertion possible SAE rates [No aes conversion possible volume cb ack x 1x1 = ot X Te x 10 1 (litre) cab foot Sissies ome x aa = Tere) cubic yard x To im pint x 568 = = Sea =i sallont x aS iw Xe a lon US x Ses la i 538 =f lite na iw Work, see Energy All measures are Io stated. { All manures are Imperial unes otherwise sure, Ee [Note.—A summary table of approximate conversion factors is given on pages 37 and 39. 19 STANDARDS AND COMMON Specific Heat Capacity of Water Originally the basic heat unit was defined in terms of raising @ unit mass of water through one degree and specific heats were compared with that of water, taken as unity. This was not satisfactory, since heat units were defined for different positions in the temperature scale by different authorities and specific heats vary with temper- ature. There is now an international agreement defining. the joule as the basic heat unit. This does not involve the use of water and, since its specific heat capacity is now 41868 ki /kg deg C, the term is not defined as a ratio. The term now adopted includes the word ‘capacity’ to distin- ‘guish it from the old term, Specific Heat Capacity in kke deg C oc c isc | oe 42174 42045 41855 | 42145 Specific Heat Capacities of Air and Steam at Constant Pressure Specific Heat Capacity in kfkg deg C Tem 20°C 109°C ‘Aire Yor 1017 Steam 1390 1982 "Dry and at standard atmospheric pressure, Latent Heat of Vaporisation of Water VALUES Specific Heat Capacities of Various Solids and Liquids Ses Heat Capcity en mune see” | repertre ck we Biett ins a Bs Baa we i : ad ncBine os BS SE Se BES ae g neers Fb. Ast ste Sone tes fenn Sere Teo Hl Mee BEF rere eee evn fats, Copper 19°C 10 20°C Sais Sa Ratios of Specific Heat Capacities for Air and Steam Dry Ait: ¢p/¢y = 1-401 at 17°C Steam: — ¢p/cy = 1-334 at 100°C Both values are at standard atmospheric pressure. pi specific heat capacity at constant pressure. x! Specific heat capacity at constant volume. Latent Heat in kite vc | se | we | wc | se | 1m | te | ac 250058 | 2488-87 | 2453-61 | 242997 | 238212 | (2256-64 | 211433 | 1940-40 ‘Standard Gravity Densities} of Air, Water and Mercury 9-806 65 ma/s¥ exactly, Freee reel a tt Density in kgjm* tm ve aoe : oc | #c [ic] 20° [a0 [106 Standard Atmospheric Pressure : | Tran ae rae 101 325 N/m? exactly, or 1-013 25 bar exactly. eee] ook 2?| sosn0n eggas, | 2 isapao Mercury|13 5951 | 1°" | ee es Normal Temperature and Pressure (NTP) 0°C and 1-013 25 bar, 5Bez ed a ado amare prec. sRegmier nd under one todd emasphere 2» eer EQUIVALENT MAGNITUDES Outside Design Temperature Summer LTHW Temperatures °F [212 194 185 176 167 158 14) 140 131 | °F | 86 a4 806 7 ‘C/ 100 90-85 «80 «75 ~~~ SS 2 Wie DMTHW Tempra ele 2 8 Fe fia 00 Inside Design Temperatures. ‘HTHW Temperatures sC[25_ 232 21 2019 °E|77 73-4 71-6 69-8 68 66:2 644 626 59 53-6 50| Steam Temperatures and Pressures Temperature F Pressure Temperature °C Pressure 38] | 266 «| a0 ‘bffintgauge] 100 | 543 | 245 6 17% | 150 | 130 110, 70 | 4760 | 2m | 1433 (absolute In the given table the pressure readings in Ib/int are gaug absolute readings. It is tobe noted that most pressure ‘pplied to formulae, are converted to absolute Values. zm] RB m | 7o 195 | 108 1s | 185 readings, whereas those in bars are lings are taken from a gauge, but when HWS Temperatures ‘Temperature Drop Fi 149 +140 ~—«IS1~—S=ida «3s °F [36 27189 cles 0 55 «0S “Cj 15_ 105 ‘Hot Water Storage Capacities | Discharge Rates for Hot and Cold Water Systems 9-90 gal/person (at 150°F) 45 litre®/person (at 65°C) || 1-3 gal/min O11 litre*/s. 380, a 40 wf 2 ow 92 72 on . 36m » oo os 704 ” 2 ” 52» pan 54 » mt ” jane om 506 ” 3B » me oot 396, ” es ” Sat at 308, - ws > os» os, 198, 2 ott » PIs Oot oy ” St Bly oy 088 ” » a » » Hot Water Consumption Cold Water Storage for Various Fittings 506 gal/person day 230 litre*/person day 220 gal per unit 100 iter/per unit — | Pm te cece is oO 98 om Ca » wos, so, 495 Ge eral S 5 2500 Cena Son os 2 ” 100 ” 12 az 36 Pa * noo, 30 sone wo, OS ‘Typical Refrigeration Loads Boiler Capacities 085 tur. 3 kW 34 100 Btu/h 10 kW 284, 10, 171000, 50-6 142 50 341000, 100 B4 100 5, 1705000, 500 5, a2 500, 3410000 ,, 1000 ,, 5B, 2000 |, 17050000 5 5000 5, * Litre = 10-+ 2 °F [356 320 284 266248 SC] 180160” 140130 120 NM SU Vales Radiator Emissions Btufh ft deg F W/m* deg C || Radiator cmissions are commonly expressed as heat flow Brick wall, 44 in (unplastered) 0-64 "36 || fate per unt area of their surfaces at a particular differ- Brick wall,9in (unplastered) 0-47 38 || ence of mean water temperature and room sir tem- Brick wall, 11 in cavity perature, ss (plastered) 030 1-7 || The relationship between emission and temperature Concrete wall, 4 in o7 4:3 | eifference is not linear. This is taken into accourt in the Conerete wall, 6 in 063 $f | following examples which assume mean water tempera- Single glazing 10 35 | tures of 165°F and room air temperatures of 65°F on Double glazing os 3g || the one hand and 80°C and 20°C respectively on the Concrete roof, 6in with other. asphalt 064 36 || 142 Btujhf 100 deg F 500 W/m? 60 deg C 1ST gg 550 om Mw ” 60 ” 185 Ge - 650 ow ‘Typical Heat Losses and Heat Gains Per unit area” 252 Bruyhf? — 80 Wim* Per unit volume 290 Btujh f® 30 W/m* 24 0 338 ae 316 100 5 387 0 414 150 435 5 62 3 200 3s 483 0 Airflow Velocities Ventilation Rates per Person 49-2 ft/min 025 mjs* 10-6{t?/min for each person 0-005 m/s for each person* 42 23» 169 ie 0-008 7 98 50 212 e 010 1 1476 15» 318 = ots . 1968, wo ., 530 > 0.025 ni 2952 By 3936 » Ventilation Rates per Unit Floor Area a 0.20 3}min for 1 0-001 mijs for 1 mi ‘Volumetric Airflow Rates 04, 00028 es 106 £%/min » 005m 098, 0.005 : 30 025 ,, 197g 0010 : 1060 os 394 0.020 » 1590 75 ; i io” te “Typical Fan Duties 4240 5, Bie '530 f0/min at 0-2Sin H,O= 0-25 m'[s at 0-62 mbar 10600 She 100, 0S yy OS» 1B» 21200, os 40 5, 10, =200 » 25 » 10600 20 , =50 4 50 » ‘Typical Waterflow Rates 10600 | 40 4 =50 4 100 ‘Mass basis 792 Ibjh 0-1 ke/s 106900, 80 i» 0» 200 toot ec ‘Typical Pump Duties 2376000 |, 300 646 galfmin at SftH*O O'S litre*/satO15 bar 3 eS 25, OB, Volume basis 0-66 gal/mis 05 litre*/s | 6 » 10» 5» 030» et i Vigattiitt cetttaoe 10 000 5 60 5, os 28 Dw 0D % IS » 02 1 60 Fm» 30 20 1320 «0s 264, BTMbfin# 2m Ow ‘Typical Pipe Duties (for heavy black steel tube—BS1387) Team Mewrortae | voumevenovnae [Wnty | _fasothnive De 13 2 Ibhh 1-32 gal/min 1-875 fs 42 in H,0/100 ft ae 3, Rt eee SaaS 1enaoe - foot emai Bare sen git 3mm 05 kis 05 fare O86 mis 457 mbarim i Soolee | een ice Lampe ah a) “fn s seme ‘a wap ee | an, pnt ce Scene i. mh | Bs Re Mh engl ae n APPENDIX A COMPARISON OF EXISTING AND SI UNITS Basic Engineering Equations Force I pdl 33.000 ft Ib 1b IW =135 IN hp =745-7W Torque (moment of force) = force x radius Pressure = force 1 Ibe fe Wt x if L Ibgyft® iNm N xXim N/m? Tf. ft = 1356 Nm 1 Ubfift® = 47-88 Nimo Note. A torque of 1 Nm = 1 Jlrad 1 lbflin® = 6895 Njm** Power = torque x angle = time Work force x distance I ft Ibf/s = 1 Ibf ft x Irad + Is Tftlbf = 1 Ibe x ft 1hp = 33.000 Ibf ft x Qe rev = I min 1d Im iw = 1Nm x Irad = Is 1 ft lbfis = 1:356 Nm Note.1 =1Nm=1 Ws Thy = 745.7 W ‘Heat and mass flow equations Sensible heat flow — mass flow x specific heat capacity x temperature difference Btu/h =Ibfh x Btu/lb deg F X deg F. WW=Kjs = kgis x kifkg deg C X degC. Specific heat capacities, approximate Water 1 Biullo deg F = 42 kijkg deg C Dry air 0.24 Bulb deg F 1-01 kilkg deg C Water vapour 0-45 Btullb deg F = 189 kiikg deg C Humid specific heat capacity for average room conditions = Cpy + x Cp, 35 = 024 +045 x sop, = 101 + 1-89 x 0-075 = 0-243 to 0:24 Btu/lb deg F = 1-02 to 1-03 ki/kg deg C Latent heat flow rate = mass flow rate x change of humidity ratio. x latent heat of vaporisation Btujh Iba X Ibs/lba x Btu/lb, kW =kyjs = kgais X g/kg x kites Subscript ‘a’ refers to dry air and ‘s' to water vapour, For average room conditions, latent heat of vaporisation is 1080 Btullb = 2450 kJjkg Mass flow rate — volume flow rate x density Ibfh = ft/min minh x Tbjftse® x TeslT; 60x 0075 x (460 + 68)/460 + 2) kg/m? x TialTe 12 X 273 + 20/273 +1) xxx The density of air is assumed as 0-075 Ib{ft at 68 °F and 1-2 kglm* at 20°C. * Note. ENim# = 10-* bar. Heat and volumetric low equations From above Btujh (sens) | 460 +1 Btu/h (sensible) = Q x 60 x 0075 x Fe mrt ‘x 0-243 x deg F or Or = “ar 5 315 fe /mia si 293 _ EW Gens) 2B 48, KW (sensible) = Qs x 12 x gaptg x 102 x deg C or = RSS) x TE ms From above 460 Buf Gatent) = Qe x 60 x 0075 x SAB x AMP 5 1050 oF Os = BYRTRD x SSE pin 293 Aske _ EW(at) 2B4t KW (latent) = = Q 12 x SAG m3 41* Too * 2450 or Take ry m/s Velocity pressure o= her - vith pin inches water andy in fxfmin. tb Rt min? bf in HO Po = 3% Be * mint “SE % pale “TBR = 4x 0075 x (%) x a9 ry 2 ~ (asa) = Gon) #8 0 B 528 XT where B is barometric pressure in inches of water and T is absolute temperature in °R. p = 0075 x =ter =) 8m -tne B23 = 12 Tom * i a where B is barometric pressure in bars and T is absolute temperature in — Example ‘The calculation of thermal transmittance, heat flow and surface temperature for the solid brick wall shown below. Steady state heat flow is assumed. (Although 9 in and 228 mm are used in calculation below, actual brick dimensions are mentioned in Appendix F.) fo 32°F OC u= [Rat § 4 al ~ [or 45 +03] = 0-47 Btu/ft h deg F To om Gn Ut) = 0-47 (68 — 32) = 1692 Btu/h ft? : te = 562°F =371°F = URu (= 1) = 68 — 0-47 x 0-7 (68 — 32) to + URso (ts — te) 32 +047 x 03 (68 — 32) BRICK 4 0-228 [ 123 +5 +0033] = 267 Wim? deg C = 2670-0) 534 W/m? 10 — 2467 x 0-123 (20 — 0) 35°C = 0 4267 x 0-053 (20 — 0) = 28°C a APPENDIX C TERMS, SYMBOLS AND UNITS FOR USE IN PSYCHROMETRIC CALCULATIONS 1 dry bulb temperature wet bulb temperature Ps actual vapour pressure Ps ='ss — Apar(t — 1) P's saturation vapour pressure at w.b, temperature pax barometric pressure 4 psychrometric constant For w.b. temperature above 32°F, 4 For w.b. temperature above 0°C, 4 Psy saturation vapour pressure at db. temperature } Tx 104 667 x 104 $ relative humidity = F* x 100 x humidity ratio = 7 —Ps mm” Pas—Po 622 Pu moisture content = 7000 moisture content = 10001 Y%4 humid volume 2* me ‘+ enthalpy. Datum: dry air and water at 32°F, 0°C b= 1x 024 x (¢— 32) +x x O45 x (t — 32) + 1075x X LOL x Px x 189 1 + 2500x ‘ep. dew point temperature ltx humid density p 28 SF db. °F wb. mbar in Hg Tog? opt Meh, Ibjlb grainylb feb Brujlb “Fdp. Ibn "Cab, “Cw. Nimt mbar 194 rh, kefke, gike mike. Adfkg Cap. kg/m? Psychrometric Examples For air at 20°C d.b. and 138°C w.b. and a total pressure of 1013 mbar determine the psychrometric properties normally tabulated. From steam tables, saturation vapour pressure at 20°C = 234 mbar and at 138°C = 15-8 mbar. Actual vapour pressure = 15:8 — 6:67 x 10-* x 1013 (20 — 138) 58 —4:2 = 11-6 mbar 16 Relative humidity = 31° x 100 = 50% rh. - 16 Humidity Ratio = 0622 « Fag = 00072 kelke Moisture content. = 1000 x 0:0072 = 7-2 g/kg Humid volume = OB +2) _ 084 mike (013 —116)x 100 (1-01 x 20) + (0-0072 x 1-89 x 20) + (0-0072 x 2500) 20:2 +027 + 180 = 38-47 Ki/kg Enthalpy For the plant shown, using an SI psychrometric chart, determine the supply air weight and moisture content, also the loads on the cooling and heating coils. 21°C db, ROOM GAIN 30kW Sensible 4-91 kW Latent 18 db. COOLING COIL COIL, (By Pass 0:2) g/kg Supply air mass flow rate = —.—30_ Pe a ma = rx @Ir—14) = 42 ke/s pies Supply air moisture content 1g 49 x 1000 TAD x 43 93 = 732 gikg Cooling load = 42 (46-7 — 29-8) = 71 kw it fe 7:32 ‘Heating load = 42 (32-2 — 29-8) = 105 kW 68 8 16 4 21232 28'c 29 APPENDIX D TERMS AND SYMBOLS FOR USE IN AIR FLOW CALCULATIONS AIR FLOW Velocity pressure = py = pv? p = 12 kg/m? at 20°C and 760 mm Hg : 2x By 3 pons w= 1D 365 x FE kg/m where B is barometric pressure in mm Hg and T is absolute temperature of air in °K. B 293 1Pe = 06 x 765 x TE x Lin H,O = 249-1 N/m'* 1 ft/min = 0-005 08 m/s. L ft/min = 4-72 x 10 m/s For atmospheric air py = 0:6 v* Nim?* Loss factors for duct fittings given in the JHVE Guide are applied as at present, eg. Duct velocity 2000 ft/min (10-16 m/s) Bend factor from Guide = 0-14 Calculate the energy loss at the bend. Velocity pressure n= (2) pen 063 18 = 025 in H,0 e = 2Nim™ Loss at bend O14 x 025 H14 x 62 0035 in H,0 | = 867 Njme Fan Test fo BS488 Part I: 1963 Test Method 1 24in x 20in 610mm x508mm —0219 inHO —203in HO Motor Motor Air Barometric Speed Torque Temperature Pressure S45 Nim — 505:5.N/m? 960 revimin I275IbER 75°F 29-75 in Hg 16 revis 1730Nm 25°C 1007 x 108 N/m? Standard Conditions 30 in Hig, 68°F, 0.075 lbjft® 1-016 x 108 Nim, 20°C, 120 kg/m? Tretder to simplify the working, the barometric pressures are not corrected for duct static depressions and the pressure loss between the second pressure tapping and the fan is ignored. Calculation of Inlet Volume Flow a 29-75 | 528 1-007 x 10° Density » = 0075 x So" x 55 e 120 x 6 x 108 = 0.073 lb/ft? = b17 kg/m? Q=GxAxvec,xax [2 = 0975 x XP 1997/0219 | = 0975 x Tx 0-610 = 5824 f'/min = 2-75 m/s *1mb = 10° Nim, Calculation of Outlet Air Velocity Pressure 5824 x 16 = 1747 fi}min Outlet air velocity For standard air v= (aa) (me anos) = 0191 in H,0. Static Depression at Fan Inlet at Standard Air 30. 537 Pe = 203 X ap75 X Foy — 2085 in HO ‘Velocity Pressure in Inlet Duct ‘S824 x 4 y= ER 1854 fin 1854)? ; po (Jip3) = 0214 in 1,0 Fan Total Pressure =p.out — pin = py out — (py in + py in) = 0191 — (2-085) — 0.214 = 2:062 in H,O Fan Static Pressure = fan total pressure — fan velocity pressure 21062 — 0-019 = 1872 in H,O Fan Power eX 960 x 12-75 “~33 000 =233 hp Converted to Standard Air Conditions 30. 537 =233 x s73 X Soy =239 hp Fan Total Efficiency #1 Nim* = 10-rmbar 215 GIO x 0508 | = 887 m/s Po = dort = bx 12 X 887 = 473 Nim* 1-016 x 10% 298 = 5055 x i a7 aos % Faq = 5184 Nimt™ 215 x4 Spo — i ms $12 x 941 = 5341 Nim = 473 —(— 518-4) — 534 | = 5126 N/m = 5126 — 473, = 4653 Nim** = 2m x 16 x 1730 = 1739 w 298 293 1-016 x 10° | = 189 Toor x 10° = 1738 W 1783 275 x 5126 | 194% 31 APPENDIX E TERMS AND SYMBOLS FOR USE IN REFRIGERATION CALCULATIONS Calculation of Ideal Power Requirement and Pipe Diameters for a Refrigeration Plant | DRY 86°F 30°C vy = 0-887 25 F/I = 0055 4 mike 80-624 Btujlb = 187-53 kijkg 5 = 0.16635 Btujlb °R = 0:6966 ki/kg °K 0001 38 0-007 thy = 87516 + Sopp gg X 1803 = 20521 + Fpq5 x 3.75 = 88.296 Btu/ld = 205-43 Kifkg iy = 27-769 Biusld 64:59 kSkg 71 x 12.000 250 © = Bend — 27-76 — 16 150 Ibfh ~ 18753 — 69 = 449 Ibis = 204 kgls Horsepower = 449 (88296 ~ 80-624) x 60 Power = 2-04 (20543 — 187-53) a4 = 488 If minimum suction velocity = 1200 f/min = 6 ms Volume induced = 449 x 60 x 088725 204 x 00554 = 239 f/min = 0113 mis eae 239 5 ous a J+ Maximum area = 7595 X 144 = 28-7 in’ Ep = 0018 55 mi Maximum diameter = 6-05 in = 0154 m = 154 mm 32 PROPERTIES OF SATURATED R.12 cr [tooo | seme | nwa | nowt [pum R| | oc} var | mse | tome | eke | eke [wae [pers | wom [war omen] [stoma pete foes ewe ent ee eens] bee ee ee ee 95 | 12295 | 033063 | 29-901 | 86-606 | 016334 35) 8477 00206 | 6955 201-45 | 06839 See ee Absolute Pressure 122.95 tbfjin* Absolute Pressure 8-477 bar (8-477 x_10* N/m*) See Tae EEE | nm | ote | onde | |e | whe | he | unde SL Lomea | eee | ee] | ae} ee 100 033637 87516 016497 <0 00212 | 20521 06959 so | eae} ea ae} eee | oom =| 21272 07196 33 TEMPERATURE ~ Degrees Fahrenheit to Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) Figures in italics represent negative values on the Celsius Seale ead ‘esta Be: geur a2g3e geRy: geeeg exets Bese tueys a SSSR ERSTE Suz Soa Seaes Soens oe eoay gouge SESES Stas FESS sean x x & F 348 1000 5S8 essen : Kelvin (“K) and Rankine (°R) are the absolute scales of temperature 1 deg K = 1 degC “Ka °C + 27315°C 1degR = 1 deg F oRa °F + 459-67°F 9degF = Sdegc °F =(°C x 18) +32 °C =CF = 32/18 35 LITRES PER SECOND (1000 LITRES = 1 CUBIC METRE) i" Aun quantity AIR FLOW CHART PRESSURE DROP FEE 100K RUN IN in ws. AT 62°F 901 0: i] raoboo, 100.000 10000 000 29} | <, 2 - re IS “I roy a bere osha ere rT or ‘oo oH i RESSURE OROP PER METRE LENGIN IN mb FOR AIR DENSITY 12 tint (Hank 2 ft Ni!) (NOTE—the daa usd forthe bore chart are sn nthe 1965 elem, LELY-E. Golde 36 IN CUBIC FEET PER MinurE AiR QUANTITY SUMMARY TABLE OF APPROXIMATE CONVERSION FACTORS VELOCITY 1000 ft/min 1 mile/hour Smjs 05 mis AREA 1000 in? = = 06 mt 10f? = 09 m* VOLUME 500 int = = 8 litre 100 gal = 450 litre 100m = 3 mt FAN DUTY 100 f/min = 50 litres MASS (Quantity of Matter) Mlb = Oke 1ton = 09 tonne PUMP DUTY 10 000 Ibjh = 13 kgls 1000 gal/min = 75 litre/s MOISTURE CONTENT, ete. 100 grain(lb = 1d elke PRESSURE 1 tbffin® Liban 1 kefim? Lin H,O 25 mm H,O 1 standard atm. (34 f. H,O, 10 m H,0) 1mm Mercury 1mH,0 7000 Nim? = 70 mbar 50 Nim? 10 Nim? 250 Nim? = 25 mbar 250 Nim? = 2-5 mbar 1013 mbar 130 Nim? 13 mbar 9800 Nim? == 98 mbar PRRRRE RE (QUANTITY OF HEAT, ENERGY Ibu = 1K FLOW OF HEAT 10 Btuh = 3 W(Jjs) 5 kealjh = 6 W (Js) CALORIFIC VALUE (Latent Heat, ete.) « 10 Btu/lb = 23 ki/kg THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE, CONDUCTANCE SBtu/h A* degF = 30 Wim? degC (J/s m* degC) Skcalfh m* degC = 6 Wim? degC conpuctivity 10 Btu injh ft degF = 1-4 W/m degC 3” 3ECTION ClO ‘STANDARD SYMBOLS AND NOTATION Service Cotes age Bunidey Codes ee eee ce Service Codes (Sanitary) ——_______— Piping Symbols ——__________ Pipe Positions, ete. Eee eee eee rec Service Outlets); —_—____—_—_—_ Nese and Drain: see Colour Codes: > Heating Surfaces” —___——_-_____ Controls and Instruments) —______— Joints, Anchors and Expansion Points Hand Operated Valves ———________— Self and Power Operated Valves, ete. Equipment______"_____— Ducework, Grilles (onan gHBBSRSE EEMESUS=s#naaatannaananaaasoy Terminal Units ———__>_________ C10-1 clot 10-3 clos ci0-4 C104 C104 clos C106 10-6 C107 c10-7 C108 C109 c10-10 10-10 cl0-10 Ductwork, Dampers Page Ductwork, Straight Runs, etc. Ductwork, Section Changes, etc. Notations ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Bells and Fire Alarms — Telephones —___________— Public Address and Radio Reception. Miscellaneous —_—_____________— Lighting Outlets______+____—— Electrical Control Gear Switches and Socket Outlets —____—— Fixed Heating Outlets, —________—— ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Conductors ———___________—— Switches, Fuses and Contacts Circutt Components C101 1012 ci0-13 Clo-l4 clos C1o-Is Clots Clo-Is c10ts 10-16 C1016 C1016 cl0-17 C1018 10-19 c10-2 LH.V.E, Gue SECTION C10 STANDARD SYMBOLS AND NOTATION “Table T1011. Service Codes, Table C102. Sundry Codes SERVICE CODE ITEM CODE Boiler feed water BFW Cold feed oF Brine B lled CHW id Chilled water Draw-off point DO Cold water: Mws , FRE ewe Feed and expansion Dws FWS: Open vent ov PWS: c Plug cock Pe cA Stop cock sc cLW Valves: FE Air release ARV FH Air AV r Auto air AAV Ball BV e Gate ov o Lockshield Lsv Nitrous Oxide N,O Non return NRV Heating: Pressure reduction PRY ‘Low pressure water we br LeHw Safety sv Medium pressure water MPHW Sluice High pressure water HPHW Wheel Hot (domestic) water Hws Refrigerants Re (léentified by symbol for particular gas) Steam s ‘Treated water ™ ‘Vacuum v Waste water ww 09 hy = Rar s a A STANDARD SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS ‘Table C103. continued » “SYMBOL: ITEM SYMBOL 5 : Manholes, etc.: ft Fw -Back drop «* BD RAW Invert INV ‘ RW Inspection chamber Ic sw Manhole ‘ MH = Fresh air inlet * FAL FWS Gull sc ‘Surface water SWS Access AG Back inlet BIG Drains: Grease trap ct 7 ‘Foul water. * EY FWD - Road RG Surface water. ° swo Sealed sG erga st Yard Yc Pipes: . + Discliarge pipe oP ‘Access Points: ‘Rain water pipe RWP. Access cover j AC. Vent pipe ~ ve Cleaning eye = Fittings: _ % | Miscellaneous: ~ Bath : b * Half round channel HRC, Bidet) be Dry weather flow DWE ‘Wash basin. wb Rain water head > RWH Shower ht Fire Hydrant = Usinal v : \ ‘Flushing cistern fe ‘Sink s I Drinking fountain df ~ 7 Water closet we l \ STANDARD SYMBOLS AND NOTATION ce Table C10.8. Recommended colour code indications for general building services He Nove: This table has been extracted from the draft revision of BS 1710, Uenifcation of Pipelines. The detail should be checked agaist the published British Standard, ee ee CONTENTS (APPROX. 150mm) _* “INDICATION (APPROX. 150 mm) Ir —— | WATER DRINKING ‘GREEN BLUE GREEN COOLING (PRIMARY) GREEN WHITE GREEN BOILER FEED GREEN [eRIMSON] wurre [CRIMSON GREEN +]. conoensare ‘GREEN |crmson|cTacreen|crinson| GREEN +] come GREEN WHITE [T-GREEN| WHITE ‘GREEN CENTRAL HTC. <100°C ‘GREEN BLUE [ERIMSON| BLUE GREEN CENTRAL HIG. > 100°C GREEN [cnimson| atue _[cRIHsON ‘GREEN COLD, DOWN SERVICE GREEN ware | sue | WHITE GREEN HOT WATER SUPPLY ‘GREEN waite [RINSON| WHITE “GREEN HYDRAULIC POWER GREEN SALHON PINK, GREEN SEA, RIVER, UNTREATED| GREEN FRE EXTINGUISHING GREEN SAFETY RED GREEN AIR COMPRESSED UGHT BLUE ‘vaCUUM LIGHT BLUE WHITE UGHTBLUE STEAM SILVER GREY DRAINAGE “BLACK ELECTRICAL SERVICES LUGHT ORANGE =| TOWN Gas COAL GAS NATURAL GAS YELLOW OCHRE YELLOW OCHRE coms DigseL FUEL BROWN waire BROWN. FURNACE FUEL BROWN +] wusricaTin BROWN UGHT GREEN HYDRAULIC POWER BROWN, SALMON PINK, TRANSFORMER ‘BROWN CRIMSON FIRE INSTALLATIONS SAFETY RED ‘CHEMICALS, IOUT For Light Green read Emerald Green =» Coal (Manufactured) Gas. Basle colour—Yellow Ochre; central colour code Indicatlon—Emerald Green Natural Gas. Basie colour—Yellow Ochre with no central colour code Indication c10-6 Guive Table C10.9. Heating Surfaces ‘Table C10.10, Controls and Instruments SURFACE SYMBOL DEVICE SYMBOL Convectors: Instrument _ Pocket i Natural Sense: == ‘Temperature rT 1? Fan =— Embedded panels: + Pressure P PP Floor Humidity 4 HP Local _| Remote Ceiling, -—7 ¢ ; Mounting: ee 42) Pie a Pipe coils: ae eae High level ” ——— al Low level fen eos | oe 2 Indication Oo Radiant strip eS r Electric control + Radiator —_ : Radiant panels: Pneumatic control a Industrial, single ~ ——s Examples: : Industrial, double a. [ Local pressure gauge | - 9 ‘Wall mounted ALLL pipe mounted Local humidistat, FA Ceiling mounted pneumatic, duct mounted yw rail 1 dope otfLo Remote thermostat, GB electric, pipe : 7 mounted ee Unit heaters: = Horizontal Oo oad eae Local thermometer ise Oo pocket, duct h + mounted G STANDARD SYMBOLS AND NOTATION Table C10.11. Joints, Anchors and Expansion Points c10-7 UNIT COL. I* COL. 2° Union joint Flanged joint Anchor point Expansion loop Expansion bellows: ~ Simple Single, linked Double, linked EB —|——_ Table C10.12. Hand-operated valves TYPE COL. 1* COL. 2* Angle Gate or globe Plug cock Three-way + 14 ak | - -pG xg 48 “Col. 1 gives symbol for diagrammatic or si ingle line convention. Col: 2 gives stylized symbol for double line convention at larger sales, c10-8 LHV.E. Gue. Table 10.13, Self- and Power-operated Valves. etc. TYPE COL. 1* L. 2° col cei fe as ep A Pressure reducing. i —

    You might also like