Aristotle-

You should get what u deserve.

Justice is teleological. You need to see the teleos the purpose the objective.
Justice is doing something with a purpose or intention, Giving someone what they deserve.
Before distributing resources or something, Aristotle would ask what is the purpose of distributing or what is
the object of doing that thing.
Eg- iit- give platform to extraordinary kids, reservation shouldn’t be done as contrary to purpose,
The purpose may change with that the justness of act also changes.
He goes on to justify slavery as well. He says serving is due to some and ruling is due to others.

Robert Nozick’s theory

~owned by self
~forced labour indirectly
~inequalities.
~minimalist state
~consent is everything.
~fundamental flaw.
Collection of tax at various levels, giving away substantial part of income, is this just?
Robert nozick- book- ‘anarchy state & Utopia’- liberalism.
The concept of minimal state.
-His is extreme form of liberalism.
-The idea of distributive justice, distribution of wealth in society.
-He fundamentally disagrees with idea of taxation.
- how taxation is a forced labour under nozikian theory?
- Diff starting points diff theories
- Bentham- pleasure seeking entities
- Locke- owned by god
- Nozick- I own myself.
- I own- myself ,my time, own capability when I use my time and labour}- I produce an extension of
myself.
- Since all this belongs to me- I sell it in my time and generate my own income.
- When govt takes tax- takes fruit of your labour.
- Takes labour from you and a portion of you from yourself, this violates the basic principle that I own
myself.
- STATE GIVES JUSTIFICATION OF BENEFIT OF OTHERS WHO CANNOT AFFORD BASIC
LIBERTIES-.
- When I work for x amount of hours and earn a amount of money govt takes b amount of money from you
that means you are working for x hours and paid for y hours and x>y.
This means out of x hours I work x-y for others and rest for me.
So in making money from me you are taking my time, that means x-y I am working for somebody else.
State- you have money thus we are taking it from you.
- imagine a healthy lazyass person does nothing but beg- can states him to work his ass off for those x-y
hours? Like mandatorily? No right as it is forced labour in direct manner.
- Same way collection of tax is forced labour in indirect way.
Also tax collection creates inequalities in society.
There is slab system, more u earn more you pay.
Different people have diff conception of happiness.
I may have a materialistic conception or a non materialistic. Like eating in a five star hotel or drinking rain
water.
Mater- costs money, if non materialistic no money as rainwater is free.
But both these people get happiness.
1st person needs more money to sustain than the 2nd person.
1st person needs to work ore and earn more, and state also takes away his income reducing his pleasure.
more income means you worked more, you pay tax and your income and materialistic consumption decline.
And the guy who drinks rain water does not have to pay any tax as there is no rainwater cess yet. And he can
do this anytime he wants.
tHus tax system creates inequalities between these two. Between those who have materialistic desires and
those who dont.
State is encouraging non material view of life. Imposes nonmaterial conception on you. I.e. forcing you to
think in a particular manner

Aa just state should not be violative of individuals right to self ownership and equality.
Just states are minimal Staes which maintain inst which are necessary for its own existence like military
police etc.only min can be collected for maintenance of min services.
Contrast is of welfare state do many things for welfare of people.

His principles-
1. A person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in acquisition is entitled to
that holding.
2. A person who acquires holding from someone else entitled to the holding is entitled to it.
Consent is everything. Idea of ownership related wit idea of consent.
Locke- god own me, therefore society cannot interfere with me, but at the same I cannot too. Restriction on
us only.
Nozick- I own myself therefore what I do to myself is noones concern and no-one can interfere with me.
When govt is collecting taxes it must satisfy two principles-
A. Purpose is accumulation of wealth
B. With the consent of ppl
This is not the case with taxation.
Physical holding cannot be justified with exertion, mixing time and labour is enough to claim a property.
FUNDAMENTAL FLAW IN NOZIKIAN THEORY-
NOZIK Is linking two ideas-
He is linking idea of self ownership with the moral belongingness of income. This is lawed. Yo cannot
morally claim what you earned. What is your own doing in what you are today. It is a mere accident. Your
talent, society ou are born in, time which you are born at are all just natural accidents you cannot claim moral
worth in that. None of them is your own doing. You cannot morally claim that you deserve money that you
have.