Technological University of the Philippines

College Of Liberal Arts

Social Sciences Department

Legal History of Laws and Policies Concerning Persons with Disabilities, 1972-2016

Submitted by:
Lleno, Mcdaryl I.
Baguio, Arcelie T.
De Leon, John Rolenz S.

BET ESET IAT NS 2A

Submitted to:
Professor Argen Rivas

6 December 2019
 Table of Contents

I. Abstract

LEGAL HISTORY OF LAWS AND POLICIES CONCERNING PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, 1972-
2016

Lleno, Mcdaryl I.1, Baguio, Arcelie T.2, De Leon, John Rolenz S.3

The research study focuses on the laws concerning persons with disabilities. Persons with
Disabilities (PWD) accounts for the 15.6% of the world’s population. The development on these laws
are examined in this paper. The paper also gives emphasis on the relationship of key concepts of
disability on the legislations and the change in ideology when it comes to terminologies concerning
persons with disabilities (PWD). The research also cites the four approaches in disability namely:
charity, medical, social and human rights. Disability is classified into hearing, speech, physical,
psychosocial and intellectual. The levels of discrimination varies according to each type. It is seen that
a large portion of population of people with hearing impairment experiences great number of
discrimination. This is the reason why the importance of human rights is reiterated in the study. Sources
collected comprises of local laws, global reports and training modules. Legal History is chosen as the
best approach in writing the history of development of laws. The loopholes in the said laws are
highlighted in the amendment. Furthermore, there is no perfect human rights approach law for persons
with disabilities that exists in the country. Certain recommendations are offered to future researchers,
government official and even society. This is needed to uplift the condition on perceiving disability in the
country.

Keywords: person with disabilities, accessibility, society, human rights, legislations, charity, medical

II. Introduction
The introduction of this research presents the rationale, the review of related literature,
relevance of the study, the statements of the problem and the approach or method used in writing
history.

Rationale
The researchers have the desire to fully understand the development of legislations pertaining
to policies concerning Persons with Disabilities (PWD). According to World Health Survey, Persons with
Disabilities comprises the 15.6% of world’s population1. The percentage accounts for 785 million people
aged 15 years and older living through some form of disability. On the other hand, Global Burden of
Disease has a higher estimate of 19.4% of world’s population or 975 million people with disabilities 2.
This figures arises as the time goes by and regardless of this figures, it should be a global concern for
us to change the perception towards disability, to eliminate barriers that may hamper every person’s
basic human rights and be socially aware about what needs to be done and fulfilled.

1
World Health Organization, World Report on Disability, (Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2011).261
2
IbidAb initio
 The National Center for Disability Affairs (NCDA) classifies disability into 6: physical, hearing,
speech, visual, intellectual and psychosocial. 3 [See Figure 7]
According to SWS Survey conducted on Dec. 2011 and Jul. 2013, the surveys cited that the
number of discrimination on the basis of disability type varies significantly. A person who has
Hearing/Speech Disability is prone to discrimination with 54% of population of PWDs in December
2011. It increase to 61% in July 2013. 4 [See Figure 8]. The research on this topic is conducted
because of issues such as discrimination and lack of accessibility that persons with disabilities are
experiencing. On the other hand, it is the lack of both political and social awareness that contributes
greatly in the fulfillment of policies concerning sectors such as women, persons with disabilities and
human rights. By fulfilling this research, a basic grasp of development of policies is obtained.

Review of Related Literature

i. Introduction of the Sources Relevant to the Study
The understanding of how disability works and the approach society should have towards them
is a must. This will underpin the terminologies that will be explained in the following laws.

Disability and key concepts of disability

Disability is composed of two factors which interacts that can either decrease or increase the
social participation of a persons with disabilities. The two factors are Personal Factors and
Environmental Factors. [See Figure 1]

Personal Factors
Personal factors include those factors that an individual possesses. It is both their inherent
characteristics and affective characteristics. It comprises of Physical and Socioeconomic Factors.
Physical factor are the factors that are inherent, whether a person is a male or female, the skin color a
person have, and their impairments (visual, hearing, physical, intellectual and psychosocial). The
socioeconomic factor is the individual impact of the person to others. Different impacts may be offered
when a person is rich, middle class or poor, connected or isolated to everyone, educated or illiterate
too.

Environmental Factors
The second factor which is the Environmental Factors, contains four (4) types. For the first type,
the accessibility of environment. The environment may be hilly or flat, that makes it for the PWD harder
or easier to a travel to certain areas, or the environment they are belonged to lacks in accessibility, or
may be of partial or high levels of accessibility. Legal Environment may also leave an impact. The
policy may be of charity approach where society see PWD as an object of pity. Anti-discrimination, is
where society implements a policy that stops the discrimination, good or poor enforcement, whether the
policy that is implemented is good enough or not enough. Socioeconomic factor that tells whether the
city is big or small and rich or poor. The social part of socioeconomic factor asks these questions: Are
they being negative to treat and leave an impact to PWD? Does the society give a positive awareness
that may help society perceive Disability? Is the city are open to changes that may be applied or
implemented? Is the society close-minded for the changes that may occur? Services can also be
3
Cruz, Booma et al. Getting it Right: Reporting on the Disability in the Philippines. (Quezon City: VERA Files, Inc., 2015). 7
4
Ibid
considered as factor under environment. Health services are inclusive or open to all people in the city
or exclusive? Are the services intended for public or private and can be afforded by everyone?
Therefore, these two main factors, personal and environmental, if they interact, decreases or increases
the social participation of persons with disabilities.

Approaches to Disability
There are four approaches for disability. These approaches shows the distinction of the
society’s perception and may leave an impact depending on the perception they have. These
approaches varies differently on the way society treat disability and the duty bearers who holds the
prerogative to treat. [See Figure 2]

Charity Approach
First approach, the charity approach, where the concept of the society which have this approach
stand that PWD should be offered some help. The people with this concept think that this PWD’s state
is tragic. They think that PWD cannot live freely and independently. People with disabilities are
considered objects of benevolence in this approach. Treating disability in this approach includes
offering help and showing sympathy. Benevolent persons, charity houses, homes, foundations and
religions institutions are the duty bearers on this perception [See Figure 3]

Medical Approach
Medical approach, an approach where people with this concept thinks that PWD should be fixed
or cured so that they can socially participate. Medical approach sees PWD as players of passive role of
patients and they are considered abnormal and are unable to live independently. The way of treating
disability is to have as much as rehabilitation as possible to reach the best extent of ‘normality’, in order
to access rights and participate in society. This will be done by doctors and health authorities, and
health ministry as whole. They are the duty-bearers in this case. [See Figure 4 & 5]

PWD may experience some consequences from these two approaches, which includes:
 Submission / Disempowerment
 Optional Benevolence instead Duty/Rights
 Image disparagement
 Stigmatization
 Forced institutionalization
 Segregation
 Dependence
 Low Self-esteem


Social Approach
Continuing for the approach, the third approach is the Social Approach wherein their concept is
to eliminate the barriers to enable the participation of persons with disabilities. They see disability as
the result of wrong way of organization of society that causes biases which limits PWD’s full and
effective participation. [See Figure 6]
 This issue is not an individual problem and mainly lies in the social environment that can be
limiting or empowering depending on many factors mentioned before. They think that the way to treat
this problem is to eliminate environmental barriers that constrain the participation of persons with
disabilities, including but not limited to attitudinal barriers. Society should enable the participation of
persons with disability in public policy making, and make all public services and policies accessible and
inclusive. The duty bearer for this approach is the State, all ministries and society.

Human Rights Approach

Human Rights Approach emphasizes that PWD’s are human and are entitled to human rights.
They see this issue as ensuring full and equal enjoyment of all human rights to persons with disabilities,
and promotes respect for their inherent dignity. Inherent dignity is that person has worth upon their
birth. This focuses on equal opportunities, non-discrimination on the basis of disability and participation
in society. They required authorities to ensure rights and not restrict them as they view person with
disabilities as rights-holders. The way to treat this issue for them is to enforce laws to ensure full
inclusion in all social aspects (school, family, community, work) Society should apply policies to raise
awareness, respect equal recognition before the law and regulate the private sector. [See Figure 7]

Key Principles of Human Rights Approach

These key principles should be exemplified to manifest the perfect model approach for
disability. The key concepts includes:
 Inclusion
 Participation
 Accessibility
 Non-discrimination
 Respect for difference and diversity
 Equality of Opportunities
 Respect for Inherent Dignity


Challenges and opportunities of Disability Inclusive Develop

One billion of the world's population, person with disabilities face barriers to participation and
inclusive. This problem is common to men, women, boys and girls with disabilities who live in low
income, poor countries. The absence of disability from mainstream global development strategies and
humanitarian frameworks shows the position of disability issues in most part of the world. It shows how
the government, lawmakers, policymakers make the issue about person with disabilities less priority. 5

How accessibility can help disability inclusive development

The accessibility is important because every person with disability needs proper accessibility.
The accessibility must be considered as an investment in infrastructures and practices that benefits
person with disability. International development and its remittance of supporting the development of

5
Keogh, Mary, The future is inclusive. (Bensheim: Christian Blind Mission). 28
large scale and small scale infrastructure like health and education will provide real opportunity to
ensure accessibility for person with disabilities.6

Recognizing and addressing individual differences

The educational system had to move away from traditional way and adopt more learner
centered approaches that recognizes that each individual has the ability to learn and has their own
specific way of learning. The school needs to be accessible and flexible to support differences in
learning patterns. The assessment procedures should provide learning for all students, all students
should be entitled to be part of all assessment procedures and the needs of students with disabilities
should be considered within all general assessment policies as well as within policies on Disability
Specific Assessment. The individualized education plans are useful for children with special education
needs, to help them to learn effectively in the least restrictive environment. 7

Key Principles of Human Rights Approach

These key principles should be exemplified to manifest the perfect model approach for
disability. The key concepts includes:
 Inclusion
 Participation
 Accessibility
 Non-discrimination
 Respect for difference and diversity
 Equality of Opportunities
 Respect for Inherent Dignity

ii. Source Examination

iii.

The research’s literature and sources came from international organizations such as United
Nations, World Health Organization and Christian Blind Mission. These organizations displays high
quality scholarly works. Their data is collected with caution in order to aid their legislations and
convention with utmost accuracy and precision. The books, reports, and laws used can be trusted and
reorganized.

The value of the works used in this research exhibits high level of legal authority because it is
the basis of most policies, programs formulated by the government. Moreover, the value, credibility and
authenticity of the used data is unquestionable.
Relevance of the Study

The scope of this research includes landmark legislations concerning persons with disabilities
(PWD). The research also includes highlights in revision of terminologies and paradigm shift. The
discrimination that is happening right now will stop because the people will become aware to the issues
surrounding the effects of wrong concept of disability.

6
Keogh, Mary, The future is inclusive. (Bensheim: Christian Blind Mission). 43
7
World Health Organization, World Report on Disability, (Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2011).220
 This research is delimited into local laws decrees and conventions pertaining to persons with
disabilities (PWD). The literature focuses on the basic concepts and societal approaches in perceiving
disability.8
The study aims to give idea to policy makers/lawmakers what approach must they have in
making laws. The society, both people with or without disability can benefit from this research. In this
research, a basic comprehension of human rights and their importance is highlighted.
People should help and be required by heart to contribute in breaking the barriers to ensure full
and effective participation of all people regardless of their race, culture and characteristics. The
relevance of this study also emphasizes both intentional and accidental discrimination that a person
has. The people will open their mind that every rights should applied to everyone. In other words, it is
deemed universal. People have their different ways in interacting inside society.

Statement of the Problem

These questions are needed to be answered to the best extent possible to fully
accomplish the objectives of this research:
1. What are the laws and policies existent in the Philippines concerning Persons
with Disabilities?
2. How is the key concepts related in the existing laws of the land?
3. What are the loopholes or shortcomings of the said laws?
4. What are the development in the loopholes of the said laws?

Approach/Method in Writing History

Legal History is used as an approach in writing the historical study. The legal history is deemed
appropriate for the study because it mainly tackles legislations and policies.
A special approach, human rights approach, formulated by United Nations is considered the
perfect paradigm in the writing of this study. This approach ensures that every human experiences and
holds rights that is secured by the state and society.
In this study, the focus will be on the paradigm shift of charity approach to human rights
approach that is exemplified in laws, conventional policies.

III. Content
The content of this research contains discussion and analysis of laws and the answers to the
statements of the problems.

i. Discussion with Analysis

In this part of research, specific sections and provisions of policies, laws and other legislations
were explained.

a. Batas Pambansa Blg. 344, Accessibility Law9

This law was signed by Ferdinand E. Marcos on December 7, 1982. This law requires
establishments to ensure that their properties are accessible and inclusive. This enumerates

8
UNOHCR. Module 1: What is Disability.
https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Disability/Pages/TrainingmaterialCRPDConvention_OptionalProtocol.aspx
9
Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (Accessibility Law)
 both the minimum requirements for accessibility in different establishments outside and
inside the building, parking, and other safety measures.

b. Republic Act 7277, An Act Providing for the Rehabilitation, Self-

Development, and Self Reliance of Persons with Disabilities and their Integration into the
Mainstream of Society and For Other Purposes.10
This law was signed by former President Corazon Aquino. It was approved on March 24, 1992.

Title 1 – General Provisions

Chapter 1 - Basic Principle
Section 2. Declaration of Policy
The government should have some policies and principles for their rights and privileges.
It is the State who is responsible to help people with disability to improve not only about their
impairment but also to improve their inner self, their skills, to destroy the barriers that lessen
their interaction to society and to grab those opportunities that are in line to their capabilities
where they can attain their meaningful life, seek the beauty in them and be one of the people of
the city that share an important role to the society. Another concern for this is that everyone
including the government should perceive those people with disability equally compared to
people without h non-disability. They may have some body parts that has impairment but they
can perform other tasks using their other parts that can do. They can show some unique styles
in learning, performing or showing some productive styles in which they are the only one who
can do and not common for some people. They must live freely and independently. The
services must not only be placed in urban cities but also in rural areas which is nationwide so
that high number of disabled people will receive benefits.

The Act shall be applied not just in random places or institutes but in all providing all
those objectives in places like departments, offices and agencies from government and non-
government organizations.

Title 2 – Rights and Privileges of Persons with Disabilities

Chapter .1 1– Employment
Section 5. Equal Opportunity for Employment.
Person with disabilities shall have the opportunities to choose their field when it’s about
their employment and the condition in line with them. Since every employee had their terms and
conditions, person with disabilities should receive and experience it too promoting the equality
of abled people and people with disabilities to opportunities. All employees should receive same
compensation, privileges, benefit of incentives as those received by a qualified able-bodied
person.

There is five percent (5%) of all casual emergency and contractual positions in the
Department of Social Welfare and Development; Health; Education, Culture and Sports; and
other government agencies, offices or corporations engaged in social development shall be
reserved for Person with disabilities.

10
R.A. 7277
 Regarding the employment, disabled person should receive an equal opportunity for
employment. Employees shall be subject to same terms and conditions and same
compensation, privileges benefit incentives as a qualified able bodied person. For some
circumstances, there may be some employment that cannot be provided immediately for disable
person so as a replacement, the State shall provide by means of sheltered employment and
shall be according to an individual qualities and goals.

c. Republic Act No. 9442, An Act Amending Republic Act No. 7277,
Otherwise Known As The “Magna Carta For Disabled Persons and For Other Purposes.11

New amendments were added during the time former President Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo. It was signed on April 30, 2007.

Section 1. A new chapter, to be denominated as Chapter 8, Other Privileges and Incentives is

hereby added to Title Two, of Republic Act 7277… with new Sections 32, 33…

Section 1 of the law provides for the incentives and privileges entitled to Persons with
Disabilities. This includes twenty percent (20%) discount hotel; cinema and theaters; medical
and dental; transportation and for basic commodity. The provision of express lanes was
mentioned in this section. Incentives include tax exemption equivalent of being a dependent,
realty tax holiday and priority for infrastructure development.

Section 2. Republic Act No. 7277, is hereby amended by inserting a new title, chapter and
section after Section 38, to be denominated as Title 4, Chapters 1 and 2…

A new title coinciding the chapters about deliverance from public ridicule and vilification was
added. These sections aim to protect all PWD’s from public ridicule and vilification.

Public ridicule is defined as an act of making fun or contemptuous imitating or making mockery
of persons with disability, whether in writing, verbal statements, or actions due to their
impairment. These acts should not be done by an individual, group or community.

Vilification is defined under the law, the utterance of slanderous, and abusive statements
against person with disability. It can also mean as an activity in public which insights hatred
towards serious contempt for or severe ridicule of persons with disability.

Section 3. Section 46 of R.A. No. 7227 is hereby amended…

Penal Clause has been added due to the amendments in the previous Magna Carta. From
there, PWD’s are protected from public ridicule and vilification and hereby imposing fines and
penalties on person/group committing the said acts.

11
R.A. 9442
 Section 4. The title of Republic Act 7227 is hereby amended to read as the “Magna Carta of
Persons with Disability”, and all the references on the said law shall likewise be amended to
read as “persons with disability”.

This is a landmark change, making this section as the primary feature of the said law. The
characterization remark of disabled was removed and looked disability as a characteristic only
possessed by a person.

d. Republic Act No., 10070, An Act Establishing an Institutional Mechanism to

Ensure the Implementation of Programs and Services For Persons With Disabilities in
Every Province, City and Municipality Amending Republic Act 7277, Otherwise Known As
“Magna Carta for Disabled Persons” As Amended, And For Other Purposes. 12

This law was signed by former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on April 30, 2010. It was a
consolidation of Senate Bill 3560 and House Bill No. 1387 of year 2010.

Section 1. Section 40 of Republic Act 7277, as amended, is hereby further amended to read as
follows…
In this section, local government unit shall promote the establishment of organization of persons
with disabilities. The LGU shall also establish the Persons with Disability Affairs Office, which
formulate and implement policies, plans, and programs for the promotion of the welfare of
PWDs in coordination with all government bodies.
e. Republic Act 10754, An Act Expanding the Benefits and Privileges of
Persons With Disability (PWD)13

Section 1. Section 32 of the Republic Act No. 7277, as amended otherwise

known as the “Magna Carta for Persons with Disability” is hereby further
amended….

In this section, incentives and privileges are expanded and laid out. The benefits include
VAT exemption in the same services and products mentioned in the previous Republic Act.
Educational assistance was added in this law. The law also provides for the requirements to avail
the benefits and privileges.

ii. Answers to Statement of the Problem

Overall, these are the laws concerning Persons with Disability that promulgated in the country.

1. Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 – Accessibility Law. This act requires that establishment shall secure
their property and provide for its accessibility to ensure inclusion of Persons with Disability.

2. Republic Act. No.7277 – Magna Carta for Disabled Persons. This act provides for the rights
and privileges of the disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of the society.

12
R.A. 10070
13
R.A. 10754
 The State acknowledges the disabled persons as part of the society and that their full potentials
have to be developed and improved to achieve total well-being so that they will become
independent and functional into the mainstream of the society. For this reason, R.A 7277 –
Magna Carta for the Disabled Persons has been adopted to ensure their rehabilitation, self-
development and self- reliance, thereby achieving necessary skills and capabilities to take their
essential part in the community.

3. Republic Act. No. 9442 – An act amending R.A No. 7277, otherwise known as the “Magna
Carta for Disabled Persons and for other purposes”. This act provides for other privileges and
Incentives of PWD’s. The State acknowledge PWD where they should acquire 20% discount
from all establishments relative to the utilization of all services, admission fees, medical
services, fare on traveling and public railways etc.

4. Republic Act. No. 10070 – An act establishing an institutional mechanism to ensure the
implementation of programs and services for persons with disabilities in every province, city and
municipality, amending R.A No. 7277. Local government units shall promote the establishments
of organizations of persons with disabilities in their respective territorial jurisdictions.

5. Republic Act. No. 10754 – An act expanding the benefits and privileges of PWD.

Policies and Acts are not implemented properly and since the policies are not only for PWD but
also for society, some people still discriminate PWD and the concept they have regarding PWD is
not yet human rights approach .Some lawmakers show less priority in implementing the laws.

IV. Conclusionn
The disability laws significantly affected the life of PWD’s in the country. Its
implementation and enforcement plays a great role in ensuring equal and effective participation
of PWD’s in nation building. The loopholes of the said legislations are demonstrated through the
amendments created. However, there is no perfect ‘human rights approach’ law that is
legislated.

i. Summary
ii.

It is a challenge for every society to recognize human rights of everyone since

sometimes other people have their habit to discriminate on the basis of race, culture or
characteristic. Different people have different levels of perception on disability. These
approaches are charity, medical, social and human rights. Human rights approach is seen to be
the best model of perception towards disability and how it should be treated by its duty bearers.

First approach is the Charity approach, people who have this approach thinks that
Person with disability needs some help and can’t stand alone. That’s why if people give some
money or help, it is enough to provide some of their needs because they think that person with
disability nothing left to them. And charitable people can offer help, they think the progress start
with donors. Person with disability had their own to survive but people with the concept of
charity approach thinks they are in tragic situation and that shall be destroy.

Person with disability mostly has its impairment maybe in visual, hearing, physical,
intellectual and psychosocial. That’s why there is what we called Medical Approach. People
think that in order for person with disability to play a role in the society, they must be cured and
play the role as a patient so that the impairment or disability they have will be eliminate. Since
they are needed to play the role of being a patient, they are considered as abnormal compared
to people that are non-disable which are normal, same with the concept of charity approach,
they cannot live independently. Those doctors and health authorities are one who can be able to
treat those people with impairments.

Social approach shows a critical analysis when it comes to encountering those persons
with disabilities. The concept they have is that there is an existence of barriers that prevent
those people with impairments to become as Person with disability. It is not a problem if you
have an impairment since you can still perform your task in a different way, the problem is you
cannot do it easily because of the barriers. For example, you have a visual impairment and you
want to read a message, you can do it by the use of braille but if you do not have this
instrument, it will now serve as a barrier where you cannot perform your task and that you will
be called as Person with disability, and because of that they are blaming the society because of
lack of instruments and for being not to be able to participate those people with disability. They
should make those programs and services be inclusive to lessen the problem of the society and
in line with that, the society itself is the one who can bear this issue.

For the people who have this Human Rights approach, it is not common for everyone
since not all the people perform this act. For them, everyone with or without disability is part and
has a role in our society, with the same rights and obligations. We just need to let go those
discriminations and ensure that the society has its enjoyment there is have same opportunities
to everyone. The rights should be inclusive so that we can practice awareness on how we deal
to different people. Society is also the one who are responsible for this issue to change.
Everyone should change the perception we have regarding the right of humanity so that
everyone can understand each other regardless of their state in the society.

The Development of the Laws have improvement over time, but the problem is the
implementation. PWD still experiences discrimination and it shows how the government,
lawmakers and policymakers make the issue about Person with Disabilities less priority. The
law that are exposed mainly are R.A No. 7277 which provides and focus about helping the PWD
to improve their skills and inner strength by having a rehabilitation for them. This policy helps
them to be themselves and perform to same way but with a different way according to the skills
on what they can do and what they want. R.A No. 9442 follows and focuses on amending the
R.A No. 7277, it allows benefits like incentives and discounts from different establishments to be
given. The percentage is 20% discount in all services they are benefiting. R.A No. 10070
ensures the implementation of the first two acts. It is said that the programs and policies are
should be expanded nationwide, not only the cities, municipalities but also those provinces that
cannot be easily provide their needs. R.A 10754 expands the benefits and privileges from the
previous laws.
 iii. Strengths/Weaknesses of the Study

The research contains content from sources that are from worldwide organizations that
helps the researcher to have a perception of a concept not only from local point-of-view but with
global ideas and concept. Moreover, this research provides acts and laws that inform the reader
to apply the human rights approach to everyone.

The weaknesses is that the research has limited sources and its examination, As a
result of not having a variety of sources, there is also a gap between the in-depth concepts.
Other methods were also not considered due to time constrain. As a consequence, the
researchers didn't have a chance to interview Person with Disability. Their input may be of great
help because it may add to the sources and help for the development of the study. The
researchers does not belong to the sector of Person with Disability. This results to information
asymmetry between the real experience and idealized experience.

iv. Recommendation

For the Future Researchers

The primary purpose of this study is to give those future researchers some ideas what
and where information should be gathered. Moreover, they will be given a chance to fulfill the
weaknesses stated above and widen the scope of this research.

For Government Officials

To give the government an idea of what are the social situation of PWDs. As a result,
they may implement additional policies or act for the benefit of society as a whole. This will also
aid them to acquire human rights approach in policy making.

To Society as a Whole
To open the mind of society that human rights are for everyone and discrimination
should stop. Removal of barriers is not optional and should be done by everyone because it is a
human right to ensure that everyone has right to good and decent life. Society may also
appreciate the PWD are society builders and contributors to well-being of society
 V. Appendicess

Figure 1. The interaction of personal and environmental factors. Figure 2. The four level of approaches to disability.

Figure 3. The Charity Approach Figure 4. The Medical Approach.

Figure 5. Consequences of charity/medical approaches. Figure 6. Social approach

Figure 5. Consequences of charity and medical approach.
 VI.

VII.

VIII.

Figure 75. Consequences of charity/medical approachesClassification

Figure of
8. Statistics of person who experiences discrimination. SWS
Disability.. Survey5. Consequences of charity/medical approaches.
 IX. Sources

An Act Establishing An Institutional Mechanism To Ensure The Implementation Of Programs

And Services For Persons With Disabilities In Every Province, City And Municipality.
R.A. 10070 National Council on Disability Affairs July 27, 2019

An Act Expanding The Benefits And Privilege Of Person With Disability R.A. 10754 National
Council on Disability Affairs December 1, 2016

An Act Amending R.A No 7277 Otherwise Known As “Magna Carta For Disabled Person And
For Other Purposes” R.A. 9442 National Council on Disability Affairs April 30,2007

World Health Organization, World Report on Disability, (Switzerland: World Health Organization,
2011). 261

Cruz, Booma et al. Getting it Right: Reporting on the Disability in the Philippines. (Quezon City:
VERA Files, Inc., 2015).

Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (Accessibility Law)

An Act Providing For The Rehabilitation, Self-Development And Self Reliance Of Person With
Disabilities And Their Integration Into The Main Stream Of Society And Other Purposes
R.A. 7277 National Council on Disability Affairs 2008

World Health Organization, World Report on Disability, (Switzerland: World Health Organization,
2011).220

UNOHCR. Module 1: What is Disability.

https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Disability/Pages/TrainingmaterialCRPDConvention_OptionalPr
otocol.aspx

Keogh, Mary, The future is inclusive. (Bensheim: Christian Blind Mission). 43