Introduction

300H Weld Metal

ƒ 300H alloys not difficult to
Graham Holloway weld.
Metrode Products Ltd ƒ Control of consumable
UK composition.
ƒ Consumable selection.
Jakarta, Indonesia
28th November 2006

Cat cracker installation Introduction

ƒ Alloys to be covered.
ƒ Effect of alloying elements.
ƒ Data from Metrode and other
published sources.

Regenerator vessel & cyclones Weld metals

ƒ 308H
ƒ AWS 308H, BS EN 19 9 H
ƒ 347H
ƒ AWS 347, BS EN 19 9 Nb
ƒ 16.8.2
ƒ AWS 16.8.2
ƒ 17.8.2
ƒ BS 17.8.2
ƒ 316H
ƒ AWS 316H, BS EN 19 12 3 H

1
Weld metal control Carbon

ƒ Carbon - C
ƒ Ferrite - FN
ƒ > 0.04%
ƒ Chromium - Cr
ƒ < 0.10%
ƒ Bismuth - Bi
ƒ Molybdenum - Mo
ƒ Boron - B
ƒ Niobium - Nb

Stress rupture data Rupture elongation

100 100
Rupture elongation, %

316L+ER316L
Rupture Stress, ksi

316H+ER316H

316H BM

10

316H+ER316H
316L+ER316L
10 1
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 100 1000 10000 100000
Larson Miller Parameter Time to rupture, hours

Sigma Ferrite

10 hours
ƒ > 1FN
1. 308H
2. 308L ƒ < 8FN

2
 Ferrite Ferrite
ƒ API 582:
ƒ Code requirements.
ƒ 3-11FN.
ƒ Required to prevent hot cracking. ƒ 5FN minimum for 347.
ƒ Need to restrict to control ƒ 9FN max for FCAW >550°C.
embrittlement. ƒ ASME:
ƒ ASME III requires 5-
5-15FN.
ƒ 3-10FN >427°C.
ƒ No restriction for 16.8.2.

Ferrite and microfissuring 308H toughness after ageing

125

100
Impact energy, J

75

50

25

0
0 5 10 15
Ferrite, FN

Ageing of 308H Chromium

140

120
Impact Energy, J

100
2FN
ƒ > 14.5%
80

60
4FN
9FN
ƒ < 21.0%
15FN
40

20

0
0 2500 5000 7500 10000
Ageing Time (593°C), hours

3
 Ageing of 308H Bismuth
120

100
Impact Energy, J

80 ƒ < 20ppm
60
40 18.4%Cr
20 18.9%Cr
19.5%Cr
0
1 10 100 1000
Ageing Time (730°C), hours

Bismuth Bismuth – hot tensile properties 308

ƒ Applicable to FCAW.
ƒ Not good for high temperature
service.
ƒ OK for ‘L’ grade wires.

Cracking tests on 308H wires Bismuth

Reheat cracking tests at 500-775°C [Okazaki et al, 2000]
950
ƒ FCC components operating at 680-
680-
Cracked
Not cracked
Bi = 200ppm 750°C exhibited cracks.
850
ƒ It has been shown that bismuth has
a detrimental effect on:
Cracked
Temperature (°C)

750

ƒ Hot tensile and stress rupture ductility

650
above about 650°C.
550
ƒ Restrained cracking susceptibility at
temperatures down to 550°C.
Not cracked

450
0 01 12 3
10 4
100 5 ƒ Cracking is believed to result from
Holding time (h)
bismuth or bismuth oxide films
forming at grain boundaries.

4
Bismuth Molybdenum

ƒ API 582:
ƒ > 550°C.
550°C. ƒ 16-
16-8-2; 17.8.2 & 316H
ƒ 20 ppm maximum.
ƒ > 1.0%
ƒ Japanese specifications:
ƒ < 3.0%
ƒ 10 ppm maximum.

Molybdenum Stress rupture elongation

100
Rupture elongation, %

ƒ High:
ƒ Will promote embrittlement.
308H
ƒ Catastrophic oxidation. 10 316H

ƒ None:
ƒ Lower rupture ductility.
ƒ Effect on corrosion. 1
10 100 1000 10000 100000
Time to rupture, hours

Boron Rupture ductility

100
Rupture reduction of area, %

ƒ ~ 25ppm 308H
10 SC308H

1
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Larson Miller Parameter

5
 Niobium Weld metal hot tensile data
400 308H

0.2% Proof Stress, MPa

347H
16.8.2
300
ƒ 347 and 318 316H

ƒ > 8 x Carbon 200

ƒ < 1.0% 100

0
600 650 700 750 800 850
Temperature, oC

816oC
0 40 80
Stress rupture data Hot
347H
100 tensile
ductility
Rupture Stress, ksi

16-8-2
10 &
308H 316H
347H
347H BM
304H BM

1 308H
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Larson Miller Parameter 0
20
20 40
60
60 80

Stress rupture elongation Catalyst support grid

100
Rupture elongation, %

316H
10 318H

1
10 100 1000 10000 100000
Time to rupture, hours

6
Summary 300H Weld Metal

ƒ Many elements affect high

temperature properties.
ƒ Experience is required to make
welding consumables.
ƒ Strongest not necessarily best.
ƒ Take all factors into account.
Graham Holloway
In Conjunction With:
PT Alfa Metalindo Indonesia
IWS
Komunitas MIGAS Indonesia