E. 3. TENNEP B.K. LUW/IbHAKOBA i. HW. NEPEBEP3EBA NPAKTUKYM MUKPOBUONOrMU Tloa peaaxyneit B. K, LUnabimosofi Alonryuserso Munncrepernom o6paa0nains Poceuiicxoit Deaepayn a xavecrne yue6uioro noco6ua 4 cryaerTon mbicumnx yueGuDrx saneaenit, oByraronguexcs no cneywarssioct 012400 «Muxposuosorun» 1H GuoAorimecKuOM creyaAbHocTsM epepa6oraimioe aono.wersioe ppoda MOCKBA: 2004YAK 579075.) BBK 28.4973, T34 Penensenrw: Kabenpa Guonori non ¢bakyasteta nownoneneHust Mockons rocyaapetnennoro yiepetrera nu, M, B.Towowocoba (an kappon 2p Ov. yk, axaaeank PAEH. J: Soncunye) A-p GUO. Hayk, pod. JT. H. Bopobeeea (Kacbeapa MuxpoGuonorun Suonoriseoxore Gaxotera MFY nu M. Bc owonocoae) Teane B.3. IPAKTHKYM 0 HIXPOGHONOTHK: YueGHOe NOCOONE AL AyS0R E.3,Tenmep, BK hensenona TH. lepevepams len pe BK. Wlicara, xovoll. — Se waa, nepepa. non. — MM Ipoa, 2004. 256 wt ISBN 5—7107-7437—5 Toco — nepaan xara kone no supoionorns aaa cya voupica cemcranmacrscnun u Gnnnorwvectoneceanoenna ‘Bnpanningne pocouarpmaaoren neosus KiacoMeckNx SOnsc Teh KOS NoNo- ram, wexoropue Hon, nonyennuine npusnanve MeTon, 4 Taxe Opuinenatae ‘aopaoren antopo iw kieapu arxpoGuaroran MCXA mht KA Tiogprens, “an emyienmoneucuus eu eden, otoaucce no enue 012400 Bout weTO- JIM KaaccHYeCKHX OBAacTeli MHKPOGHONOFHIH, HeKOTOPHIe HOBLIC Nosy MBE MPHSHAHMe METOAM, a TAKXE OPHTMIKAILHDIE paspa- 3GorkH apropos 1 Kaceapst MukpoGHorornn MCXA. B Hes nipo- theccnonabHo oxBayeHt Bech OCHOBHOM Kype YHeOHOFO MaTepHana No CeabCKOXOSAIICTECHHOM MUKPOGHOIOTM, a TAOKE Bee BAKHEI- MINE 3BeHEA MeTORNKK Hay'HOTO HCcAeAOBAHIA. Mpeanaraemoe npaxtiueckoe pykoBOICTBO MoxeT GuITh 10 AC3HO CTYICHTAM HE TONBKO CEIKCKOXOMIHCTBCHHLIX, HOH ApYTN BYOB, HSYYAIOUINM MIIKPOOHOTOTHMIO, CTICLKALTHCTAM CMCAHLIX O6~ Zacreit, paGoraiouNM C MKPOOPraHHIMAMM (TeHETHKAM, MOIEKY- AAPHBIM GuosoraM, GnoxsMmukant, GHorexHonoraM), yuntTeaaM Guostorint H 9KONOFHH, a TAKE BCEM, KOFO HHTEpecylor NpoGieNtt GuosorusauH cerbcKoro xO3AiiCTBA, Mpasuna no texHuxe 6esonacHocTH npn pabote 8 Mukpo6nonorn4eckou na6opatopun 1. He sxouuit» w aaGoparopiio 8 nar, roioBtio yOope, ue nvocitt» loctopowtme neu. 2. Tipncrynarb Kk 3aKsITHIM TOKO Hates .WrOMaTOOyMaXk- bait xaat 3. Crporo coSmonars npasir oOpauteHns ¢ XIMMMECKHMIE peakriwaMH W KpacwTesisint. 4, C Goabuoll ocTopOXHOCTHIO MOBIOBATHCS CMecbIO CTP ‘ra ¢ O*pHpoM, He MlepeHocHTs ee Ha cTombI ¢ ropemKaMt 5. Tlockobky HeKOTOpHe MHKPOOpranuaats, ocobeHHO cnopti 1pHGOB, smMlOTe ANLIepreHaNMt, He ONYCKATD HK pactit- neni — He OcramiaTb orkpbrTiamnt waukit Tlerpit, mpooupKH, KOAGHI € KYABTYpAMH MiRKPOOPraHH3MoB. 6, Tepe tem Kak HaGHparb PTOM C HOMOUIDIO MHIMETKH cye~ HeHSHM MIKPOOPrAHHSMOB WIM PeakTHBLI, YOCMITBCH B TOM, TO TINMeTKA 3aKPHTA ¢ TYNOTO KOHUA BaTOH. 7. B aaGoparopHu noatepxnsars nopsaoK i auctoTy. To OKOHAHIIH 3aHSITHit NPOTHpATS HAMMePCHOHHBIM OGBEKTHB MHKDO- id MATKOMl TKAHDIO, HAKPHINATS MUKPOCKON MOHSTIVICHOBAM IOM, TIPHBOMLIT B HOPANOK paGowee MeCTO, MbITb PYKH. 8, Tommurms o Tom, #70 eryseHTat Hecyt oTBercrBeHiocTD 3a omibaeMbie HMM MHKPOCKOMH, /IPYFOe staGOparopHoc OGOPYA0- hain, sctory paGowero mecTa. 9. Teper yxor0M 113 taGoparopHn AeKypHOMy npoBepaTD, BuKNOYeHBE AM Fa3, BONA, SeKTPOpHGOPHaed Pasgen | — O6waa MUKpOOuvonorma Mukpockonna 1.1, Ceetnononsnas MuKpockonna Hoyvenine HemiinMtix HexoopyxeHHBIM 1a30M KACTOK MUKPO= OpraHH3MoB, PasMepH KOTOPLIX He MpessiulaoT aecATKOD M COTeH MHKPoMeTpos (I MKM = 0,001 MM), BOSMOAHO TOABKO MPH NoMoutt Mutkpockorton (OT rpeH. mikros — mati, skopeo — EMOTpIO). ITH NpHGops! NosBoAMOT Nomy'4ATE B COTM pad (cBe- TOBBIC MUKPOCKOMH) HB ecATKN—COTHM THiCAY pas (a1eKTPOH- Rue _MUIKPOCKOMI) YweNMEHIIOE WBOGpexEHNE necREayeMNX Fpw nomown Mirkpockona nsy4aior Mopibonormio KieTOK MUKPOOPraHHBMOB, HX POCT Ht pasBITTHe, npoBOMAT nepaHMyio waeHTHduKaUMWO (OT aT. identificare — oroxnectBAeHMe) HecAe~ AYEMBIX OPaHH3MOB, BAYT HAGAONCHNA 3a XApAKTePOM pasBit- THA MHKPOGHEX UeHO30B (cooGuIecT) B nOWBE HM ApyrHX cy6- cTparax, 1.1.1. Yerpotierso. muxpockona Mutxpockon coctowr 3 anyx 4acteit: mexaiiieckoit (rioxco6Holl) M ontrueckoit (r1aBHoil). fmm Mexannueckan yacts mukpockona. K Heli OTHOCHT uTaTHB, npeawetunii cronux H Ty6ye (rpy6y) ’ Ulrarua uveer octionanie 8 niuic noskonol 1 KonoNKy (1y- Gyconepxartens) n dope ayru. K HeMy npHxaior Kopooen ee XAMIIBMOB, cHeTENA ayGuaTINX Kone JAM PeryANlN ovonennea ty6yca. Cvictema npwBogutes B ABWKeHHe BpalllcHHeM MakpoMeT- PHiecKoro H MuKpoMerpitieckoro nintron 6 Maxposempuneckuil eum (xpemasepa, sy6varKa, MaKpo- pultt) CIYAHT 21 MpemBApHTeABHO!L OpHeHTHPOBOIHOI YeraHtoB- fut HSOOPAXEHIA paccMArpHBAeMOrO OOBEKTA. Muxpomempuveckuit gunm (MMKPOBMHT) MEMONSSYIOT JLIX NO- cneayioulelt 4eTKoit yeraHOBKH Ha (oKye. [pit romom novopore Nunxpositirra TpYGa nepeaBuraeTes Ha 0,1 mit (100 MM). Tipu BpautenitH BIHTOR Mo Yacosoll cTpeske Tpy6a onycKa- eres no Hanpawtenitio K Mpertapary, pH BpauLeHI NpoTHB Haco- poil crpesIkit — MomHMaeTest OT npenlapara. TIpenmerusiit eToaMK CAYANT JI PasMeUEHHA Ha HeM Mpe- napara ¢ oGbekToM HecTenOBAHHGa, MpexmeTitaiit cToAMK BpautaeT- (A I IepeMELIACTCS BO HIAKMHO MepHEHANKYISIPHBIX TLIOCKOCTAX Cc HOMOUIMO BHHTOS. B MeHTpe CTONKa HaxomMTeA Kpyri0¢ OT- peperile JU18 OcReMLEHUA Tpertapata cHHSy s1y¥aNMH CBeTA, HanpaB~ June MbIMI 3epkatoM MuKpockonia. B cTOaHK BMOHTHPORAHE! s18 SuXUMA (Kee) — TIPYAMHAMIME METALINYeCKHe TLACTHIIKH, sHaveHHble JLIs 3aKperLIeHHA penapara. cm HeoGxoaHMo HCceNORATe NOBEPXHOCT® Mpenapara, He AONYCKAR MPOMYCKOB (TO BAKHO MPH NOCHETe), HAM KE eCitH BO pemsi paGOTM TpeGyeTeA MOBTOPHOE HecHIEOBAHME KAKOFO-~/M60 onpenieensoro yuacrka Ha npenapare, Ha mpesIMeTHbtlt CTOINK m10- Meuaior npenapamosodumeas. Ha HeM MMeeTes cHicTeMa sMHeeK — HOHHYCOB, ¢ MOMOMLbIO KOTOPHIX MOXHO MIPHCBOHTE KOOPAMHaTHL s10G0ii ToKe HecAemyeMOro OGEeKTa. Ins 3TOTO Mp ycraHOBKe npeniaparopomurena creayeT COBMECTIITL UCHTP BpAULeHHA CTO Ka 1 OMTHHECKYIO OCb CHCTEMBI MiKKPOCKOTIA ¢ eH TPHPOBONHIOM TuaCTHNKO!L npenaparonomrTens (oTcIOAa MpeaMeTHBIlL CTOAHK © MpennaparonomNTeNeM HaSKIBAIOT MHHOTLA KPECTOOOPA3HIbiM). ‘Ty6ye (rpy6a) — onpana, KoTOpy!o sakiMoveHti steweHTHt onTHsiecKoi cHcreMt Mitkpockonia. K HibKHeit 4acTH Ty6yca MpH- kpetuiseren pepombaep (OGbeKTHBOAepxATENIS) C¢ THESIAMH AIR OGrexTHHOR, ConpeMeHHe MONE MUKPOCKONION MMeKOT HaKIOH- bili Ty6yc ¢ ayroo6pasHbIM TyOycomepAkaTeIEM, TO OGecresMBAcT FopionranbHOe NaTOKEHHe MpEAMeTHOrO CTOAHKA. Semen Ontyeckas acre MMKpockona COCTONT M3 OcHOBHOTO oM- TWecKoTO yana (OGLEKTHE M OKYZAP) H BenOMOTATEABHOM OCBE- TitrenbHolt eMeTeMB! (3epKAIO M KOHULeCOp). Bee YacTH onrHye- KOM cicreMtst Crporo LeHTPHpOBaHtAL OTHOCHTENEMO APYT Apyra. Bo MHOTHX COBPeMeHHBIX MUKPOCKOMAX 3ePKAIO it KOHLIEH- op saMeHeHnt BMOHTHPORAMHBIM B MpHOOP peryaAnpyentsin HCTOY- Hitkow cperaOcnerwreabuan ewetema HaxonTeA fox npeaMeTHM crOH AIMKOM. Sepkato oTpaxaeT MATAOULA Ha Hero CBET B KOHLIEHCOD, Oana croponia sepxaia nocKas, apyrax — nornyras. Tipu paGoTe © KOHeHCOPOM HEOGXOAHMO MONGIOBATHCA TOKO TLIOCKHM sep= kaon. Bortytoe sepkaio npHMeHsIor npit paGore 6e3 KoHeH= copa ¢ OBeKTHBaMM Mambix ysesHueHuit. Koxdencop (OT Zat. con denso — ynsoruimio, crywiaio), cocrosuunit #3 2—3 KoporKorpoxye~ Mbix J1MHS, COGMpaeT Ayu, HAYULMe OT 3epKana, 1 HaNpaReT HX Ha oGvexr. KonteHcop HeoGxomm mpexae Bcero npHt paoTe ¢ HMMePEHOHHOM cHtcTeMol. JlH3b KOHMeHCopa BMOHTUPOEAHEL B MeTAINYECKYIO OTpaBy, CoeAMHeHHyIO ¢ 3y6NaTLIM MexaHHa~ MOM, MOSBOAAIOUUIM TepeMCULITE KOHEHCOP BBEPX It BINS cTe- LMaTbHBIN BHTTOM. [Lia PeryANPOBKH HHTEHCHBHOCTH OcwEMIeHHA 8 KOHUIeHCOpe ecr upucosas (senecTKoBast) duarppaena, cocoa LAs 19 CTAABHBIX CePMOBHLHEIX MIACTHHOK. Oxpauertote npenaparsi nyse paccmarpusarb np own HomocTsio OTKPHITO! sNadparMe, HeoKpallieHHtbie — pit yMeHb= UleHHOM oTBepcTHM Aviad>par. Toa Kormencopom pacnonaraetes Kaseueeudnssit deprcamene Ana cBeTopiibTpoR (OGKIYHO K MUNKPOCKONY NpiLTaraloTea cHHeE MW Genoe Matopiie cteKa). Fp paGote c HcKycCTBeHHBIM HCTONE HMKOM CHETA CHETO*ILIBIPL! COSAAIOT BIEYATACHHE sAHeBHOTO OC BELIEHMA, 4TO JesACT MUKPOCKONHPORAHME Meee YTOMITEBHLM aus F743. OGsexrua (or ar. objectum — npenmet) — HanGoree wax- Hail act MUKPOcKoNa. 3TO MHOFONMHBORAA KOPOTKO*OKYCHAR cHCTeMa, OF KaXIeCTBA KOTOPOIt 3aBKICHT B OCHOBHOM HBO6pAxcHNE oGvexra. Hapyxnas i19a, oGpalueHHas nockoit croponotl K Mpeniapary, HasbiBaetes (bporTatbHolt. Menno ona oGecrtesst- baer yaenmuenne, Ocraibitbie THISBI 8 CHCTeMe OGEKTHBA BLING HUOT MpeHMyULeCTBEHHO YHKUNH KOPPEKLNN OMTHMECKHX He- AOCTATKOR, BOSHUKAOUNX MPH HCCHETORAHIH OGLEKTOB. Oanti 13 Taxi HexocTaTKOR — anneHHe expepuneckol abep- Payuu. OHO cBasaHO co CBOFICTHOM s1HHI HepaRHoMepHo npe~ HoMuLiTe nepuibepitieckHe M ueHTpaabHBIe ayaH. TepBEte O6UMHO Npenomamorca » Gombitelt creneHH, HeM BTOpHie, M OsTOMY Nepecekaiores a Goce GaNSKOM paccTosHu K sIMH3e. B pe= ayabrare ua0GpaxeHHe TOUKM NPHOGpETaeT BILL pacrLtbtnyaTorO maria. Xpomamuneckan aGeppauua BOSHNKACT Np NpoxoxaCHHN He Peo JINHSY ny'ka yell © pasmHO!t AIHHOM Bost. FpetoMi- 8 lo-paniomy, ayIH epeceKaiores He ® oAKoit ToAKE. Ci juaacrome Ayan € xopoTKolt UNO ROA npenoMstoTeH aeoeice, HEM KDACHME © GombUlell AMHOH pOsINH. BerexcTaMe sy y GecuneTHOTO OGKEKTa HOSRAUETER OKPACKA. 2 OoUeRTHRAM, YoTPANMOUINM cfepHIeCKYIO. M_MACTHEIHO xpowariseckyio aeppattii, oTsoesTea axpomamss, ON cORePAST uno. Koppernpyior: MepBuNiKil eK. (KEATO-2C1HYIO fcr enekpa), He yerpansa sTopioro enexrpa. Hoobpaxenne, eiaenoe HowOuND axpoMATOR, HE expauleHO, Ho KpaH exo etcior RpackBil Han cHenaruit peor. B cOmpeMesHisx axpo ree sror nenocTaTOK MpaKMeckM. HeyosHM. Ty NaTepHA vi ams axpomaron — (hAKHTEARCM — eTApHe COTA CTeKMIA C BLI- 1 OKitCH CBE cee Gucm, yeTpansiouue xpoMarveeKy0 _ aGeppaLNo nan Bropmnoro eMiekrpa, HaabinaeT anoxpawamayi, B WX €O- wipe MOAT 6H OF 10 12-nm. JLINaK aOxpOMATOS 28 Ays- helt KoppekiH BTOHYHOTO cHeKIpA NETANOT ¥ MMaBHIKOBOTO fimara, kaMeHHOH Comm, KBICKOR MW ApYTIKX MaTepHat0B. ANOxPO- aru Aawor po3MOxWOCTD YeTpaNttTs OKPAUIHBAHE OBLEKTA M1O- yan onithaxono pesKoe HBOGPAKEHNE OT 7yNeh paAsHOrO tera, Maxcnstatbnoro adppexta pit paGore © aloxponaranit Moxto AOCTIN TOAOKO TPH HX COMETAHTIH € KOMMEHCALOHHEMI ORYAK- Pani, BOANEILAIOLIBIMH ONTHECKHE HEROCTATKM OGREKTHBOR B kowrieeauontix okyanpax xpowaritieckas. oMMOKa npoTHBO- hhonoxa xpowariveckoi oulNGKe OGveKTHBA, HB Pe3y.tbTATE XPo- Nerniecka aGeppalvin MHIKPOCKONA OKAIBINIETER TIOVTH TlomHO- evicnpopanion. ee Imiockoerloespenia, | OGbexTHDMI-LAGHaXPOMATHL TIOTHOCTHIO Yerpantnor nexpnene noms penta, oGyeanmHmMoMIee Hepas- HoMepocrs oxyenPORKH OGrekra (IH KPHBNSHE TOA spetttA hoxycupyeren tomsKo sacs noxa), TlaaNaxpowarel i naaano- Npowiar ncnoabayior npxt murxpoxbororpapint Osverrinor GuIBAOT cyxie H HOrPYAHIe (HMMEPCHOHHEL). Tipu paSore ¢ qui oGteKrHBANH MExAY ¢>POHTAAHOM ANDO oSvexruina n oOveKToM weczenoBAHA HaxoANTEs postyx. Onmi- Seckiit pacveT wwnepeuonmax OG.EKTHBOS. TPeAeMaTHBAET HX DaGory npn norpyxennn dporrraxenoit ANNs OBKEKTHBA D AkN- yo oanopoanyto epeay. Tipit paGore ¢ cyxnM OGveKTIBOM BeTeR- erme pastnnunt MexAY MOKAaaTeAANIE npeONereHA cTeKza (1,52) nosayxa (1,0) MaeTb cpeToBuix Aye oTKIOHNIeTER M HE MlonazacT 9 sclJun Braz MaGmoaateaa (pie. 1). Tpi paG Te C HMMEPCHOHHEIM OOREKTHBOM. He XOAHMO MOMECTHTS MEXIY OKpOBHBN CTEKAOM H AMHGANN OGBEKTHBA Ked/ Macao!, NoKasaTeNt NpeOMTEHHA KOTO poro GiMN30k K NoKasaTemo NpeTOMTeHH crexsta (ra6s, 1). Jyun 5 onruyeckn omnoponnoit ToMoreHHOMl cpexe He MeHALOT CBOETO Ha npasnenna. MvMepcnonniie oGbeKTHBKL Ha-onpane HMcIOT epHYIO KPYTOBYIO Ha= tol hi wnepenoimen PERRY HM oGoanavera: 1 — immersion Gncteway TV ayen (#MMepcHs), HI — homogen immersion cera (oanopoanan ummepena), OL — oil im= mersion, MM — Macasiiat uvMepens O6sexrusn! pastnaior no Mx yRenHYEHINIO. Cobcmecnnoe yeeaurenue oGsexmusa (V) onpesciawr no) bopmyne Puc. 1. Xo ayselt n cy 1 mr te 1— onmiveckas ama Ty6yea su paccrosuMe Mexay (boKaALitoll TAOCKOCTHIO OGLEKTIBA H MLIOCKOETHIO HIOOPAACHIN, COCTARMMONICE IR astanx oGreKtiunon 128—180 nu; f— ¢boxycHoe pacctoune o6teKriBat ‘eM OHO Gonbule, TeMt Menbine yneTHYeHNe OGLEKTHIRA. Beamunta yeenmueHna OGbeKTHBOB OGosHaYeHa Ha HX On pape (8x, 40%, 9%). Kaxabiii OObeKTHB XapakTepHayeTcs, KPOMe Toro, onpestereHHOll HemHUMHOH paGoNerO PaccTOAHHA B MILAM erpax. Y oGsextinon ¢ MaTbiM yaeanieHHem paccrosine or pon ‘TANBHO!t JIMHSKE OGBEKTHBA 20 Mpenapara GobUNe, eM y OGLEKTH= BOB C GoNbUIMM yBeAMYeHHeM. Tak, OObEKTHBLI C yBeAMYeCHHeM 8x, 40x u 90x uaeror coornererneHHo paGoune paccrosis 13,83 0,6 v 0,12 mw. B sanncuMocrt oF Toro, ¢ KaKHM ObEKTIBOM pa- Goraewts, aH ero ¢boKycMpoBKH BBIOMpaeTeN MaKPoMeTpHeCKHIL Mi MuKpoMerpiueckntit HiT. AMMepcHoHHniit OObeKTHB MMeer pa= ' Keaposoe ntact nonyaioT 3 CENSH BHPTHHCKOTO MOCHA ‘aMKa Juniperus virginiana wan 3epaniuiaicKon api Juniperus seravschana, B nacrommiee wpe » KaviecTBe HMMepeHONHOMT AMAKOCTHL Malle MpHME= HAOT CHMTETHYECKHE NPOAYKTH, COOTBETETBYIOUIME O OTTHIECKHM cof crmaM Keaponomy Macy. 10 Tabane | Tloxasaream mpeaomienns weKoropiix coesuennit 3 Tloxasaress BewiecT#o Bomx 1,00 Crexto 1,52 Bona 1,33 Tanuepint 147 148-149 Kacroponoe aco STynatioe oummtentoe ‘ocnerienHoe Macst0 Keaponoe sacao Cece Kactoposoro Maca ¢ roosanannia (AHuIKoCT. Mepa) 1,515 Thoamnoe waco 133 Kananexmit Ganusant . 1,536 Annitconoe Macao 1,557 Mono6powsiadpran Gore paccrostme 20 oGveKruBa 0,12 Ma, aabinaior «6x1H90pyKHM». Y o6tekrinon MaTHIX ypeTHMEHHL He TOKO GOabUINE pa- Gone paccrosmini, Ho H GébuUHe nox sper. B cHsaH ¢ 9TH PeKOMCHAYeTeA HeAeMORAHMe Nperiapara HauMtHAT ¢ MOMOUIMO OOLeKTIINA C HEGOTBUIHM yBe.TNHCHMEM. OGxeKrubL paccunrarst Ha paGOTY € MOKPOBHBIM cTeKTOM ‘Tommi 0,17 + 0,1 i. Eoan crekio He coorpererByeT cTaHap- TY, HeoGxoAMMO Pery:INPOBAT OGEEKTHB BpAUleHHEM KONBUA KOP- PEKLIMONNOM OnpaRBl, KOTOPO! OcHALIEHEI COBPEMEHHDIC BLICOKO- kavecrneninbie OGxeKTHUBH. TIpH orcyrcr#itN TaKofl orpaBts c*bepH- YeckyIo aGeppalliio, BEISBIBAEMYIO TIOKPOBHEIM CTeKIOM, caeAyeT Yerpaniers, nomHuMas HIM onycKas TyGye MUKPOCKOTIA. Onnia 13 BaxkiBIx XapakrepHcTAk OGveKTHBa — paspemaro- ‘wax cnocobnocm, OBYCHARTINBAIOULAA B KOHEYHOM HTOTe paspe- Uiaioutyio cnocoSHOCTs MiKKpockorla 8 LIeTOM. Ona onpeiteateT Hanvenbuiee paccroauMe Mexy BYMA TOUKAMI Ha mMperiapare, Tpit KoTopom wx HIOGpaxeHHe GyeT pase bItbIM. Paspeuiarouta CHocoGHOCTs OGbEKTHBA 3ABHCHT OT efO NHCTOROM aneprypHt n jo3TOMY ero HepesKOMAUI Bom cReTA, pH KOTOPOIL NPoNexoaHT HeenexORANINE oGvexra. Matewariveckn Taka SanncuMocts BuipaxaeTen ¢op= Myaioit a 4=h, me .— auNINa woNHe cHeTa, HOCMPHHNyaeNaA YenOBeNeCKHM £7a30M (0A—0,7 sox, cpeatias annua vomit — 0,55 MkM); A — anca0Bas (HyMe= pueckas) anteprypa OGkextHRa, Tp onpeacaenum paspeuaouteit cnocodwoctH o6veKrHBa (stuxpockona) cacayer pasanuars Ba cayyast © OcpeUIeHe npanoe (ay4H naIaIOT HapaLenbHO onTHyecKott ‘cH Mutkpockonia); ® ocneurentne xocoe. Fp Kocom ocueuteHnn dw 2 pasa Merb ie, YeM MpH MpaMow: a coated AIpedea paspewarowel cnocobnocmu o6sexmusa WK HaMMeHt IYIO BENNY d MOXKHO NpescTABHTL CAeAyIOUMIMM OGpa30M, Tlycts siasienme %— Hanmenniuee (1A Gonee KOpOTKHX, Yea sae, yasrpabonetonbix ay"ell ono paso 350 4M), a 3HaveHHe A — MakcHMaibHoe (B HanGonee ConepmieHHEIX HM MepCHOHHbIx CHcTeMax — 1,4—1,6). B 9Tom cay4ae paspeumaiouast cnocoGHocts OGvexTuBa GyxeT HanGomDUNeli, XOTA NO aBCOMOTHOI peaMNHe OH ~ HaNMeNDuLAN. Zbvi ycrosnii paGorst Mitkpockonos BeawunHa A nocTosHHa, TaK Kak OODEKTH HCCHeAYIOTeH NPM AHEBHOM ocpeMleHHH (% 0,55 mkm). CacaonaTeabio, rpesen paspeuaioureit crocobHocrH OGKeKTHBa B AAHHOM Exyvae 4aBHCHT HCKAIOWITEABHO OF BOSMOK- HOCTH MOBLIUICHHA YHCAOBON (HNCAICHHO, WI HyMepH4ecKoii) aneprypst A. ucaoeaa anepmypa obvexmuea XapaKrepusyeT ero cBeTOCO- GuparerbHyi CHoco6HOCTs H ONpeseAeTCs No dopMyse A= nesin '/yo, Pe m— noxasaTerb MpenowuteHi eBeTOROTO Ay"a, MpoxoARUIerO “eped NpeaMersoe crekio B cpealy Mekay ¢ppoHTANDHoM sMHOM OOLeKTIBA MW npeaMeTHBiM cTeKIOM: & — yronl, outa CropoHla KoTOporO copnutAeT € omrmuecko!t octio, a apyras OGpasonana AMM, CoeMHAOIIEH TORY. suixona adhe Tinta seit ts OGvexTHE € panel JelicrayIOULeTO OT- 2 neperi oGvexTit, 1 — NOOB yrox HXOAHOTO OTBEPCTIN OGLEK- Baxio, “TOOK SHAYEHHE REMNHEHDI GaLTO MaKCHMATBHBIM. 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Tip naar Maska MpOGHPKH AOTAHD HaXOMMTHCH H Ha- KJONHOM MONOKCHHM, TapaitrHpyioiiem cTepiLibHOcT KyALTYpbL Tipu veprixansHoM pacoroxennH, npOGUPOK BosMoxHO tonALLA Ue 13 BOAMyXa MOCTOPOHHHX KIETOK MiKPOOPTAHHINOB, B mramenn ropeakn Tutareabiio oG:xMraioT GaktepHanorHte~ exyio Hirzy (Neto), nep:Ka ee B MIpanoil pyKe B OTBECHOM MoMOXxC- Hi, MiGHHIIeM MpaboMl pyki BAIHNMAOT 43. BTOPO! MpoGupKH [RATHY!O IPOGKY Ml -SDKUMAIOT €€ MEXIY MUSMBIEM MH. JaIOHDI. TpoGky nepooli npoGupKH saxKuMaIOT Mey Gessimantin HcpesHiM nanbiAMM Mpanolt pykM. CHoBa cherka OOAHTAIOT HIy M BHOAAT ce B NOGMPKY C KynbTypoll. FLxaTHHOBAR Mra OCTHIBACT ‘ove Gticrpo. JlerKHM MPHKOCHOBCHHEM EC K KOJIOHHH. NKKPOOP- Ta1sMon Gepyr HeGonEILIOe KOHYECTBO MUKPOGHOF MaccEL 1 ne- ‘Petes Ho Topyio MpoOupKy. Tipit shicene & mioTHyIo cKOMeHHYIO cpeay urnoi € KYAT “Poli nerkus aBwxCHHEM, He NoBpexIaN cpedll, MposonxT npsi- Mylo Wit BomHOOHpasiylo Yepry no ee MoBepxHOcTH — moceD Mpuxon. Tip nocese 8 crox6uK mirarenbHolt cpeab uray sxonsT ‘Tomy ce uctTparbHOli YacTH — moce ykoxoM. TipH nocene Bxwixyio cpeny (WIM W3 -KIUAKOHI cpenbl) AMINE CHerKA HaK:IO- NpOOMPKH, YTOGM WSGexAT CMANIKBAKM MPOOOK H Kpace IUpOK. TIpo6kn, mepes Tes KaK MMH SaKPEITD MpOOHPK:T, OO B muiameim. YaoOHee cHaiana 3aKPHITs MepByIO MpOGUPKY, a -M — sropyw.2.1.3. Xpanenne muxpooprannanocs Tip amwressHoM xpanteniun ® na6opaTopHtix YeroBiAX MoryT MeHITSCH OTAeABHBE (bHOKOOTO-GHOXHMIIECKHE HI Mop ru4eckHe OcobeHHOCTH MUKpOopraHHsMos. Yo6bI H36exKaTS TO, HEOBNORHMO XpalttTh KYAbTYpy sIMCrOM HB >KHELeCMOCOD coerosin ‘TpannunonHbiit MeTon xpanenna — maccuposanue (cyGkys TuBupoBante), T. €. Nepeces Ha cnexne mmrTareabHbie cpeabi & MCHHGIMH HHTePBAIAMH B 3ABMCHMOCTH OT BILLA MHKPOOpraHHgs ccpeati m yorositit xpanenina. Oann pitas srxpooprariawon GyloT YacTbIX NepeceBos, ApyrHe MOAHO He MepecesaT» Gonee catia, B npouecce raxoro xpanieiiit Hemb3s aonycKar nepecen oGepraiBars GyNaroil WIM MLIEHKOM M XPAHHT B YcOBHAX, KOI poUeccet AHSHENeATENBHOCTH. SATOPMOXCHIM, HANIPHMEP XO anabuinke np S—8 °C. Cyutecreyer pa apyrix enocoGon xpanenna Kyabryp: cloeM CTepHABHOFO BASCAKHOBOTO Maca; B AMNyAaX C OKI 830TOM; B AMOXpILTIMSHPOHAKHOM CocToAHIIH, T. €, BbICyWeH 113 SaMopoxeHHOTO cocTosuits.. CnopooGpasyroullte GaxtepHit TYT XpaHiITECs FOAM B CTepHLABHO!K cyxOlt Hoge HIM CoOT Bylowielt cpeae. 2.2. Meron» npurotosnenna npenaparos MuKpooprannsMos 2.2.1. Texnuxa saamns xynetypel ans npHrotosnenua npenay Tpo6upxy © Kynbtypoit AepxaT B AcBO! pyKe MOUTH B TOpH ‘TATLHOM NoAOXeHMM BOANSH ropenkH. Tlepen BaATHEM KYITE npawoli pykoil BHNMMAKOT HATHYIO MpOGKY 43 pOGUPKH, €¢ MEAAY MHSHHLEM H 1AOHBIO, a Kpat MPOOMPKH OGAHTAN Huiamexut ropenku. 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Cropb Ges cooTse ‘oGpaGOTKH He NpOKPAUIMBAIOTCA, M_MOITOMY TPM OKP: KoleTOK GalLIULA MOSHTHBHEIMI KPACHTEAMM OHM HMCIOT JOMMINIOUNX CBET BKNOMEHHIL B BereTATHBHBIX KACTKAX, ‘cmmpo Marepuansi x o6opyaosanne Kymuryps: wuixpooprammaMon, npo6upxH, KonGu, sauxn Tetpi. DpwogoriieckHe IIb, ETAN, UnaTeMH, WITaTHBEI, npeaMeTHt kpooitize creksia, KpaCHTesH 2 Uccnenosaxne mopdonornn MMKPOOPraHHn3MoB 3.1. @opma KneroK 3.1.1. Baxrepnn Tlox oGumM nonsTHeM «SaxTepHH> onucaxo cobmue 1600 BiB MUKPOOPIaHHSMOB-NPOKAPHOT, He MMEIOULIX HACTOAMeTO CIOK- Hoopraitis0sarHoro spa, BoxbuMicTso npencrapwrencit Gaxre- pili — OHOKNETONHBIe OpraHHaMss, pasmMsiaioUIMecH pasMepastit i dbusMoorneckst cHoficTaaM, [To ¢hopme ace Gakrepiit MOx- HO PAMIEMNTS HA WAPOBIAHBE (HAM KOKKH), NATOYKOBHLHBIe, 13- pirate 1 HiTuaTHie. M3 nowBE BEUTeTeHEA TaKKE GaxTepHi, UNCIO- ste ZOBOTBHO CBOEOBpasHty!O cbopMy. C ochonniinit ¢bopsasit Gakrepiit MOAHO no3HaKkoMuTHcs Ha npuMepe creayIOULHX npercranHTesel (puc. 4). seem Waposnanne 6axrepnn — KoKKi (or rpeu. Kokkos — 3ep- Ho, WapHk). OHM AeasTea Ha cnenyioMMe rpyrml 1. Muxpoxoxxm (or nat. micro —~ matenpxuil). B-npxpone ACTPeNAIOTCA B BILE OAMHOUNEIX WapoBIHBIX KNeTOK. FIpuMepom Motyr crysis ener Micrococcus ails (or ar. agis — nous tl). 2. JumaoKoxxn (or rpe4. diploos — apoiiHoit) — waposia- bie GakTeprit, coemMHeHHtEKe nO aBoe. K HM oTHOCHTeH Azot0- ‘acter chroococcum, Poxowoe Hastanie ITHx GakrepHit orpaxaer HX ‘tlocoGHoers ibkcMposaTe a30T arMocibepsl, BHLIOBOe — npOyIt- Posar Kopitunepbait murMent (oF aar, chro — Kopisineneiouuntit). 3. Crpenroxoxxn (or rpev. sireptos — went) — uaposnariite Saxrepun, oSpasylouute B pesyzbTaTe MeNeHMS KeTOK B OAHOI WuiocKocTH pasHooGpasHiolt Amit uenlo¥KH. K pozy crpenroKoK- KoB oTHocaTea ® OcHOBHOM naToreHHBie Gaktepiu. Ho crperro- KoKkonyio opMy HMeIoT MHOTHe MoTOYHOKHesIBIe GakTepIHt porta JaKroKoxkye. MosToMy ¢ 3Tolt SbopMoft GakTepHit sHaKoMsrTCs| pit WOYYeHHH MONOMHOKHCIOTO GpoxeHHs Ha MpuMepe Lactococcus facts. Poaonoe 1 niaovoe Hastatti sTHx Gaxrepait, o6pasyioutinx )POTKHE UeMONKH, OTPAKAIOT HX MPHYACTHOCTD K MOLTOYHOKHC- Jomy Spoxewuio (or ar. lactis — Monounbiit), 2-571 Tene 7 Tenmep 334, Capumuse (or star. sarceo — coeamste) — waposiiaHEte Gaxrepitt, FPynNUpyIouNees Ho 8 KxcTOK. Pachonaraiores B BILLE ¢ KwkIOHL CTOPOHBL KOTOPOTO lo 4 KIeTKH. Taxa copa poonukacr B PeSYTBTATE eeHHA KACTKI B TPeX BAAHMHO TIeprieH- nuxyaspiti MA0cKOCTAX, Hekorophie BLAM capiunH dbopNupyror Gornuiste cAapUMHONOAOGHBe KyGOOGpasHNe MaKeTEI, B KOTODBIX ‘¢ kwxsofl Cropontbt HaxomTeN YaC He Mo 4 KaeTKH (cyGDeAHHMI capunnis), ano 4 capwinit. YaoGua a1 npocorpa Sarcina flava (eapunsia ets) — HanGoxee pacnpocrpatienmuiti mpeacrasutresb ainkpodiops! BoaAyxa. Bee waposuansie dbopwet Gaxrepnii, 3a nexmovennem Lac- ~ a ny %y oe tococcus lacs, npocMarpiBaiot Ha KEMPOBANIA H oKPALeH- 7a if ye jauix ¢byKCHHOM mpentaparax. 1 ™ 1 + mM ee \- jem ManowKoenansie Gaxrepnn. K Hum oTHocaT @opMbl, o6pa~ 8 ry ms wt 3° Syoutne cnopss (post Bacillus, Clostridium w ap.) He oGpasyio- we 1x (pont Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Lactobacillus 4 p.). Lvrronnasma KaetoK Pseudomonas stutzeri npoxpautntsacrcs [PABHIOMepHO, NOCKOBKY 3TO HecOpOOGpasyIoNlAN MAIONKA, H TOL MIKPOCKONOM KICTKH BLIEAAMAT KAK TOHKHe, YeTKO OepYeHHLse, PABHONEPHO OKPaLIEHHBIE NANONKH. C mpenctapitenaMit nato4KOBHAHBIX GakTepHit, oGpasyio- Mux cnopsl, MOAHO NosHaKoMitTécs Ha NpHMepe Bacillus mycoides wernt Bacillus mesentericus. B Waspainn rlepBoro BHAA oTpAXKcHA cro ‘eNOCOGHOCTH PAIBNBATHCH Ha MHTATETBIBIX CpemAX B BILAE -IOKHO- ° *) » ‘TPHGoENAHOTO HaeTa (oT AAT. mycoides — rpuGoBHANLl), Hano- Munaiowero xuesiHit rpHGos. Tlockanexy Bacillus mycoides — cnopoo6pasyioulas natouKa, 2 9 AWTOMMiaswa KAeTKM, MpHCTyNMBUIeH K cTlOpOOGPazoBAHMO, Npo- pauneacten Kpacuresem, a crloporeriHaa 30a — Her. ToatoMy MON MuKpockonoM GaulWLta BHIFAAANT HepasHoMepHO oKpautc Hoi. Cnoporentias 3oHa, Kak Goce TIOTHaM H HenIpoKpauientias, ‘Wilave npesoneiser cper, vem unTonasma KneTKH. Kaerkn Bacillus ‘Mycoides orvocatca K crpenToGaNNLATaM, TAK KaK OGEIHO pactio- uenouKanut, Lis npocmorpa nyse Gpars suByx-Tpexcy- Kyasrypy (B Goxee noatHem Bospacte KNETKH nepexonsT Taio criopooGpasowarns). Bacillus mesentericus (kaptorens- Maiouka) Takxe oTHOCHTER K cTperrToGatuILTTaM. Tanoukosnanbie GakrepHi npocmarpuBaior Ha ¢uKcHpo- 4M oxpamieHHtix bykcHHoM Mperiaparax. Puc. 4, Popata Gaxrepiit: ‘mapoansneax: d ~ MUKPOKOKKM, 6 — AMILIOKOKK, ¢ — TeTPSKOKKM, cap CIPEITOKOKEH; RAAONKORNANAK: J — te OGpasyIOuNe MOP, €, ae, 1— ey Syoutne: ¢ — Sauienapiilt, 9¢ — srocTpIUEAMaNNH, 3 — nuieKrpHAMANAA hin enopooSpasoaanit; wameras: u — si6pwont, x — eapuana (yn. x12 000) 4 35samme Hutvarwe opmel. Fpeacrasamor coGoii uenowKH PINICCKHX KIETOK, HACTO OKPYACHBIE OGLIM eracazuMedt,” wexiom. Hutvarsie akTepHit pacrtpoctpanieHbl B Wax, W ONOEMAX, OCOGEHHO C BKICOKM conepxaHMeM xee3a, B oeMax ITH GakTepHIt YacTO OGpasyior OXpHCTHIe OcaIKH Za saxomerba ¢ nuTuaTbin GaxTepiaMit pexonel Spar npoby BOLI ¢ OXPHCTEINN OTIOKEHMAMH M3 CCTeCTRCHI voaoemon. Mpenapar rotons B paxianteHHOM Karte 1 mpodt PuBaior ¢ MMMEpCHONHO cHeTeNo!. HasGoree Yacro Hal beTpevalorea xees0GakTepnn pona Leplothrix, oKHcAONINE KICHBIe dopMit Xev1e3a B OKHCHIe. FiUIpaT OKNCH xene3a On AbIbAeTeA BO RIAFANUULAX, OTHETO OHH HMEIOT 2exTORATO (oxpnctyo) oxpacky. Pasmuoxaetes Lepiothrix 1exennem Boit (Moonofi) KaeTKH, OGpaleHHOlt BHYTpH naranina, 9TOM Crapbie KACTKM OTTECHAIOTeA (BHITATKUBAOTEA) MONON HiT H Baaratie B pesyaBraTe PaSMHOKCHIBL M pocTa Kx sutnswores. Hepemko crapste KAeTKH OTHTEHSHIOTes OT OBIE! Ha npenapare 4acto oGHapyAxunaioTes OCTATKH. OXe:I HLIX HexTOB (8 BITE TOHKHX TpYGOK) M ApyrHe OxerESHEHT c1pyktypit. Abu weiner neretanitsHtiix KAeTOK 2xe:1es06aKrepHih Gy Gepyr HenlocpencTBeHHO 13 OXpHeTEIX OcaMKoR, nperiapat cupyior 96%-HbiM crMproM, OGpaGarbisioT 1%-tbiN HCI (aw o6ecusewnsarns itaraninit) OKpalNNEAIOT w TENE CyTOK 9piTposiHioM. Baarazmua KieTOK Ha TaKoM npertapaTe LbeTHBI, a nereTaTHBHble KneTKH H oH KpacHIe. 6pasosanust OBATEHOM HULK OKPYETON opML, B HEKOTODEIX Ci ax uMeIOUMe -xryTHKH. TouuaMn bopsupyiores y Tex Gakrepnit, Koropbim cpoficractnia amdybeperumauns HiT, cmt Vsenree bopme. Cpe Gaxrepitit sainoit rpyrnet a tor creayioume dopa. 1. Bu6puomst (or nav. vibrare— nspusarece, 1 CHerka VBOTHYTHIE KIETKH: H3THG HX MeHBILe MONOBMHBL OKP HoeTH, 2. Compuaast (ot at. spiro — urronop). B ore BUGPHOHOB HX KieTKH Goce AIMHHBIC, TOACTHE M HSBHTBLE: BIETOCTD HUI PaBHta, WM GoxbiLle NOAOBKKEL OxpyAHOCTH. Cl PHAAM MOTYT HMETH OHH 3ABHTOK B BHULe pyccKoit GyKBEI C, A 3ABITKA B BILLe TATHHCKOA GykBM S HTK HecKOTBKO — B cemmpa. 36 5, Chmpoxerat — sL1iHnBIe 1 TOHKHe KTeTKH ¢ Go:tbuLat KO- jnoM MEIIKIX, HO.KPYTMX SABNTKOB; JLUMHA KACTOK NIpeBbI~ ix TOMY & 5~200 pas. BuGPHONM H CTIMPHLLIEL yAOGHO MpoewmarpuBarre Ha dbuKcH- sinion It OKPAuleHHOM ¢bYKCHHOM Mpenapate, npHrotonen- peat) Hano3HOmL AWAY, MPEABEDITENNO HEKYOMPOBAUIHOM B Te- ute eckomBKHX cyTOK B TepMocTare, Ha TaKOM riperapare MHO~ $e kicTOK PUIHBIX BYOB MUKPOOprAHHSMOD, pea HX YacrO perpeNaioTes MSBHTBIE OPMEL “Lia O3HaKOMIHHs! CO CHUPOXETAMM c:leayeT MpiroToBHETD, vixcupousniusti Kpauiewtsii npenapar ayGHoro waxera. Ocobento yuan riperaparst CocKOGA M9 KapHecHoro (rHMLAOrO) 3yGa. 3yG- Hiute cHIMpOXCTLL “PESBBINAHO TOHKHE, MOYTH RONOCOBILIHHE, KO- porkue (Bcero 2—3 3anitrKa). asec eee MuxcoBaxrephn, Han cxonsaauye Gaxrepyi. D10 rpynina Gaxrepuil, cTORUNIX Ha Goslee MLICOKOMI CryneHHK IHOOUNOHHOTO ‘pasnimia, eat onucaMHnie some. Y OTeMbHBIX npescTaRHTeNCit uxco6axrepiit (Sorangium, Polyangium) axe % chevoBo!t MiK- ‘pockon “eTKO BHAHO aMdybepeHUMpoRAMHoe suIpo. Bererarun~ Mute KTETKH MEIOT NaAONKOBHANYIO , TAK KAK Chops TO sHMOTeHHOTO MpoHlcXOxeHHR (BHYTPEHHH), a Y aC- hepriaia i neHHLIIAA — 9k2oreHHKIE Criopét (BHELIHH). sem Detrrepomnyersi, Hunn Hecosepwennuie rpHOw. Hncior MHO- rokseTounullt MHueTUt, HO y HHX HeT MoxOBOrO ripouecca M CO- BepuieHHoit cramHM crloporoMlentHa. PaaMHoxaiores GecriosbiM TyteM pH MOMOWM KOHMAHM HIM wBereTeTMBHO yuacTKaMH hos. B-npHpoxe uIMpoKO pacnpocrparteHts ripeacrapiTeAH PO- io Fusarium, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Koroptix (popmaztsHo otHocat K xeffrepommueram. Berpeaiorcs OHM Ha pacrHTemBithix ocTaTkax, TAOMAX, CeMeHaX HB TOMBE. Cpeast rpuGow pora Fusarium (puc. 6, e) ecrs canporporet, ZXIBYLINIe B MODE H Ha PACTHTeABHBIX OCTATKAX, HM MapaaHTHI, BEs~ Suipaioue saG0TeRAHHA MHOTHX BHLIOB pactenMit (yBsUuIAHHe, THM sm KopHell, creGxei, Moo, loneraHHe cemNUeR sTpeRecHTEIX WKYCTapHIKKOBBIX MOON, Goes CeMsTH, PasIHYHDe MATMEHTA- UiHH opranton pacteHHit).. KoxoHMH oTienbinK BHMIOB dbysapHyMa Ma mitraTeAbHBIX cepeaax (11a eyeno-arape) pasHooGpasitst no eTpykType: OHM MOTYT Sure pENXABIMIL, BATOOUPAsHEIMH, YMIVICTBIMH, MAYTHNMCTSINGL HM MoTHMIMME TeIeHUATHIN. KOTOHM GriBaioT Genble WIE pas- AWii5x ToHOB posoRoro HIN XeztTOTO uDeTOB, Hepeako muTaTeTb- Hast cpeaa Take OKPAMMBACTER B PAsHHble UBETA H OTTEHKH OT PO- 30vor0 0 KOPHUHEBOTO. 4B@ysapiyatst xapaxrepisyiores Gobi pasHoo6paa éepaettTon, Gxaronapa KOTOPHIM MOFYT HCMOmB30BaTH B KavEK NcTOUHNKOB MHTAMH PALMHHIbIe eUllecTBA, HeKOTOpHIe BILABL 2Xe CHOCOGHD! YeRANBATH KACTHATKY. Tpurotosts 8 Kane Boas npenapar oOmuHEIM choco M paceMarpiBa ero OA MHKKPOCKOTIOM, MOXHO yoILteTD WIM MeHee PasBeTBIEHHMe KOHMANEHOCHIA H OveH XapaKrep! Ana y3apHyMa KOHNAMK, TAK HasbiwaeMBIe waxpoKonuduu. 3a0CTPelILt Ha KOHUAX, NpOAOATOHATEIe, COrHYTBIe, HepeKO cep BIMAHBIe, € HeCKOABKHMIL NeperopoaKaMH (HarlOMHHaIOT Gaiau Y Muorix witoB ¢bysapnysta oGpasyiorest, KPOMe TOTO, OBI Meakie GecuBeTHBIe, Halle OAHOKIETONHBIE, uxpoKoHUduu. Tpn6s poaa Trichoderma nepeako MOxHO obtapyxNTs Kope, APeHeCHHe, SACOXMIMX JIMCTBAX CTEGAAX, a TAKKE Ha CEM HaX PAQUIIHBIX TPAB, KYCTAPHNKOB Ht JlepeHKER; HX EIKO Bi JT 13 NOI Ha rloaKHeneMOM cycx0-arape. Hepes 2—3 Muxy6anmit np 23-25 °C Ha nonepxHoctn cpeabi nos chavata Geaituit, sareM © oTTeHKaMM ses1eHOBATO-KesTOrO PUNTOKIONKORATHIE Ki4H BOHLIONHDAI HaTeT, OGpasonaibt Att sTMeM Ht CKONLIEHHEM KOHIUHEHOCHIEB. C BO3pacTOM OH craHioB! TemHo-seeHbiM. Tpit GoabHOM yBeMMMeHIE NiKKpocKONA Bi NPAMOCTOAYHe, MHOTOKPATHO CYNPOTHBHO PaSBETHIEHHBe KOHE- AMeHOCUBI, NPHNOAHMMAIOMUECA HAT MuLeTHeM. Ha pepuntne NWAWIeHOCHES pactonOXeHAI UAPORIUHBIe TOTORKM, KALKI koTopbix coctour 13 10-20 omHoKaeTOUNEX GecuReTHEX KOHL ui, Fipeactaniremt 9roro poxa aHepriitio paspyuaior Gestkont CoeAMHeHNA H pasHooGpasble yrAenombL. OOaLAN arrTHOHOTHYE: CCKHMH CBOHICTHAN B OTHOUEHIAE sIpyrHX rpHGOR, B TOM “MeN fa PAIHTIMECKHX, TPHXOEPMA BLINOHAET O320pORAIOIIYIO (byHK: isto 8 rlowBe. Pasuple wiuist poaa Altemaria MoxHO BBLIETHTS ¢ sIKer nopaxcHHbix 9THM TpHGOM pacreHit Kaprodens wm ToMaTa, € CEMA KanyCTiA MW APYTHX pacTeHil, HS Mo¥BE, On xapaxTepH: syloTes cHoeOOpasHbIM (OGpaTHOGyAHOBMAHEIM) CrpocHHeM. MHO= FOKCTONDIX FPYLICBILINBIX KOHIUUN, COeMMHEHHBIX HenOuKaMM. Y kaxsoit — 3—9 rontepeitix H OHA HIM HecKOIBKO nponoAb= HbIx neperoponoK. KonHANeHOcub, ABAAACE GOKOBLIMH OTBETAIIE= HiGIMIL MHLICTHA, MMeIOT BILL MpOCTBIX HUI cHaGopasBETHACHHKN OaHioKneTONNX, Mora MitOTOKAeTO'HEIX BeTOYeK. KonoHMKL Ha cyeto-arape cHayara cHeTAble, NYUIMCTHE, 3aTeM JexeHORATO-ce= bie 11H ONMBKOBO-—YepHIe, GapxaTHeTHe HIM BOpCHCTSe, Hepes 4 ¢ CHO BMPAKEHHO! KOHUEHTPHYECKO! SOHATEHOCTHIO; MHOFA xo el © CaMOTO HAMAR CURHICTO-HePHBE, YLIONIEHNBE, 30 eoority cayMAalX TeMtHlt MrMertT asKebyHAMPyET B Cpedy. tees Dipoxx. To coppeMenitbim mmpeacramtenHsM, 1poxKM — Tyo cGoplian Tpynia OAHOKIETONHBIX. MHKPOCKOMIECKHX Opra~ PaEMOB, OTHOCSLINXCH K PAsHbIM KaaccaM rpuGOB, npenmyutect- eno — K KIRACCY ACKOMHIICTOR Deve anenp ENTOK npowxcit KoneGneTeH oT & 20 15 Mkw. Dop- sua ux pasnooGpastia; SVIHTICOBIULHAS, PYUIEBILIHAL, OXDYTAA, Wht Frouapisteckad, PaaMHOKAIOTEA BETETATHBHBIM H TOTOBHIM MyTEM. BererarHbHixe cCNOCOGM paBMHOXEHHA — NOYKOBANHE H sENeHMeS novonoit crtocoS paIMHOXeHHA CBSA C OGPAs0BAKHeM CHOP. K novxyrowuncn apoxxkam (pic. 7,4) orHocarca mpeacrasitremit “exybTypHBIXe spoaoxeii pona Saccharomyces (caxapomuueri), x dewuuuner — pwuast pona Schizosaccharomyces (\M30caxapoMuLe- mu). TIpH MOAOBOM NpoUecce CAMAHME BETETATHBHBX KICTOK BEACT k o6pasovaniito CyYMOK CO crlopamM HLH cHayasia MOryT e*opMHpO- arses crlopst, KOTOpBIe B nocaeuylouleM KONYsAMpylOT ApyT © spy- rom. B KakiOi cyMKe OOpasyetes OT 20 8, HHOrAa 12 cop. CpeaH POA! eCTH ACTIOporeHHINe, LJOXHMIE sIPOAKM, He criocobtBle K NONOBOMY Mpoueccy Mu cropooGpasoBanmio, Onn oTHOCATCH x xulacey Heconepunestisx rpH160B. C nenaummucs apoxxamu (pic. 7, 6) MOxKHO NO3HaKO- Musca Ha ipumepe Schizosaccharomyces pombe (schizo — partes, entices, saccharomyces — caxaputsit TpH6, pombe — Haspanne AcpuxancKoro HaNHTKa, M3 KOTOporO 3TOT OpraHH3M BUIENEH). Dpoxxam pa3MHoxeHme jeneHHemM HecBOiIcTBCHHO, Mo9TOMY AavNlit pon ApOAKeii ABNAeTER OTKIOHEHHEM oT HopMis. LILM30~ GaxaponsiteTEL PABMHOKAIOTEH H MOSIOBKIN. IyTEM, CHABAHIEEIM CO chopooGpazoRaHHeM, “TO XapakTepHO AIA CYMMaTIX FpHGoB. Schizosaccharomyces pombe pacematpusaior ia ¢pHKeMpOBAHHBX, ‘oxpauientibtx dbykemHoM mpenaparax. 9ro IWLIHApHeCKOH dopMbI KPYMHBIe KaeT- % Nur ¢ oKpyraIMH KoHUANH, PasMHOxEHE —@ Fos Asxcrwew caovicrsento Taxxe apoxxan —,@e 0 50° Poa Endomyces. M3 niovkyioulitxes APOx- S3 eit nanGonee «orowaulvieniy 1poxKH )” GF Mexapcxne — Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ieee 7) PMa UX pasHooOpasta, PasMHOKaloT- 2 — norkyue; A ou nowKoBaMeM (sereTarHBHDlit 6 — aeasumecs 4scnoco6 pasMHoxeHita) 1 ackocnopaMH. FIpH nowkosanmit Ha Mt TePHHCKOH KNETKE BOSHHKACT MATEHBKAS BHINYKIOCTS — Nowa AONEpHAN KeTKA, B KOTOPYIO epexomHT OHO supo. KaeTKa yi amuupaeTea B pasMepax M oTAeAseTes. Een yeaoBNa 21M TaKOTO PasMHOxCHHA GaaronpuaTHE (nOCTATOMHOe KOTIMeCTBO caxapa, cooreterayloulaa TeMmepatypa, a9pauins), mpouece wer ovens Guictpo. ¥ Hexoropsix npeacTasirteseit ota KieTKH NOCKe NOYKO= BaHNA He YCTIeBAIOT pasbeAHHAITSC M BOSHHKaeT ncesdomuyenuit Goxtiit winesnit), oa aaGopatopisx sanstuit Moryt Gore Menoms0saHBL nekapekie apoxKH. HeGoxsutofl Kyco¥eK apoxckenoit Macct! 3a HECKONBKO 4ACOB AO 3aHATHIL NOMeMAIOT B TerLIyIO NomcaxapeH= yo BOY H CTaBAT B TerLT0e MecTo. OGpasyerea GeoBaTan MYTHasL xuakocrs. Karu atoll xvuikocrH HaHocsT Ha mpemMeTHoe creK= 10, HAKPHIBAIOT OKPOBHLIM CTEKTOM, CREPXY HaHOCHT KAMLMO KeA= Poporo Maca H npocMarpHBAiOT Npenlapat ¢ HMMePcHOHHO!l CHC Temoit. KieTkH XopOUlo BILIHBI H NH MeHBLINX yRemHMEHHIX. B nekapeKnx apoxckax oGuIsHO MpHCYTCTRYIOT sIBe paces: OA Ha MpedcramteHa OKPyr0-91AHNCOBKIEIMH KeTKAM, GLICTPO PAseAMHHOUWAMHes pH NOYKOBAKINH; pyran — yanHeHO-ttH- AINUIPINeCKHMH, OGpasyiolNNMH pH TosKORAHHI BeTBHICTHIe KYC TukH (ncepaommuemnit). Ha MHOTHX KNeTKAX BIH TO4KH. B weakosepritctom coepxsMoM KHBEIX APOXKE!I XOPOULIO 3aMeT= Hot KPyMHbie Mpospaynible wakyoaN, sAMUMAIOUINE HOTA WeHT- parbitoe nonoxeHne. C npeacrasutrensian acnoporenHbix mpoxckeli, pasMrloxaio- MUXCA TONBKO MOYKOBAHHEM Ht He OGPASYIOLUHX CTO, MOXHO TIO suakomiica Ha npuMepe Candida kefiri. Mx Kerk Menke, ssid Merpom oKOTO 5 MKM. PasmnoxeHue y apOxXxeNOXOGHEIX OPraHHIMOB MOKeT NpO- MeXOAHTe TaKKe B pesyabTaTe pacnana rch Ma oDIeMHBE xaterkH — ouduu, WI apmpocnopss, Kak y Geotrichum candidum (Oidium tactis). Marepwansi x o6opyaosanne Koanexumo kyabryp cieayer nepecesars Kaxante 2—3 Mecauia Ha cnexne ifraresMble cpenbi: GaxTepHn H AKTINOMMUeTH — Ha MacO-nenToHEEAt arap, apoxcxenbie H mtecHesixe rpHOM — Ha cycao-arap. 3a 2—3 ana 10 aanaTuit xyastypH nepecesaror 8 ipoGupKat (GakTepHI M aKTHHOMUtETIA) Wan sausKn Tlerpit (rpuOu!) Hs pacveTa Ho ABE MPOGHPKH Ka:xAOMh KyYMETy= ul H onny-ane vauKH Hetpi Ha rpynny cryzeHTon 13 10—15 wenoBeK, 6 ‘an ansrrit HeoGxoauves sKpockomis Hee npunareKHocTH sunt Mpenwertie noxpowinie eek, GaKTepHONONeecKHe. Mera vin); mpenapovauae rus; cuexnA S%-10sH pacrHop dyke 3.2. Unroxnmnyeckne MeTOAbI HCcAeAOBAHKA MAKPOOPFAHH3MOB MuxpoSnas knerka — cioxnas xXMBAX CHETeMA, xapakrepHayio- JluuieN BKICOKOML CTENEHIO YOPALONEHHOCTH COCTABAROMX. ce Crpyetyp. Kaka Taka erpykrypa ier onpescAeHHYIO xIOHEH- HYW PYHKUMIO, a BIAMMOMCHCTBHE OTACADHDIX CTPYKTYP MEAIIY CO- Goll OGeCMCYMBACT CYLCCTBOBAHHE KACTKM, €€ LCAOCTHOCTD. aa v3y4eHHa BHYTPeHHErO CTPOCHMA KACTOK MPHMCHAIOT cCheMMaIbHbIe CHOCOGbI OKpAacKH — KUMoxuMUMECKUe METOII HC~ caenosanns, MHOrne M3 9THX MeTOMOB MpecseayoT AMarHocTHue- ckHe uenH. 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Maskit BoicyMiHBa- JoT Ha Bosayxe, ¢buKCHPYIOT Ha TLIaMeHteM. TopeAKHL H OKPAUIITBA- JoT BTevenme | MMH cbeHOTOBLIM pacrBopoM TeHUNAHa ¢puoTeTO- boro (AM KpHeTaamHYecKoro ¢bYoTeTOBOTO), epxKA cTeKIO Benerka HawionoM noroxeHuM. 3aTeM KpacTetb cHMtBaOT 4H, He npomsinas npenapar wooit, HanocaT Ha Nero Ha 1 MuHL "7pactnop Jhoroxs (20 MoaHoro nowepHeHH Ma3ka). CreKIO st STOM cayHae AYHLE epKaTD B HAKTOHHOM noxoxeHiH. Tpera- Par, HE NPOMBINAT HOON, OOpAGarsiBAIOT, HemPpepHBHO NOKAYH= nasi, 96%-HBIM CMUpTOM B TeNeHHe 15—20 c. ONeHb BAxHO 4eTKO TpHLIePAMBATECA BpEMEHH OGecUBeNMBAHNN, TAK KAK Nps MpeBB~ WleHHM yka3AHHOTO CpoKka OGeCUBeYMBAIOTES M. TpANTOIOXHTETE= Ble KaETKH. TIpomsin noaoii, npenapar oKpaumpaior dbyxcnnom Mipeli= hepa Tevenne | mH. Hocne stof o6paGoTKM rpanmionoxHestb= HIE _MNKPOOPrAHNN MpHOGPETAOT TeMHO-HOAeTOBKI User, 4 FpaMoTptuiaTeAbHbIe OKPALLMBAIOTER HUI B BET AOTOAHTE N= Hoit oxpackut (dbykeiHa). Peayabrarbi OkpackH lo [pay 3aBHcAT OT BospacTa KYMbTY= Pt B CTapbIX KYABTYpAX MepTHKIC KETKH BOCTIA OKPAMIMRAKOTER rpawotpiuatersHo. ostomy aysuie Hertoss08aTb MosIomIc On- HocyrowHiie KyzbTypst. HeKoropste GakTepmit (nporeit) oKpallin= aloTet epameapuabeneno, 1. €. acts KACTOK — Kak TpaMmnonoxM= ‘TeabHbIC, a acts — Kak rpaMorpHuaTerbHtbie. XopouiiMu OGweKTAMit JLIx OKPACKH KACTOK MUIKPOOPTAHHS= Mos no Fpamy cayxat apoxant, Bacillus mesentericus win Bacillus subtilis (rpanosoxvrenbisie) M KMUedHas nanouKa Escherichia coli (rpamorpauaresisHas). same Meron [pama 8 moandnnaunn Cunesa. Ha cbixcuposanipiit Ma3OK HAKAULIBAOT HONOCKY diLIETPOBAILHO! OyMArH LMpHHOH 3M, mpeasapitrenbHo nponwTanHyi 1%-HDIM cmMpTOBKIM. pac THOPOM KPHCTALAMYECKOrO (huLOxIeTOROTO M RBICyWeHHyTO, Ha Gy= Mary HaHocat 2—3 KaNIM pom M OcTaRAMOT ee Ha Mpenapate 2 mun. fLatee okpacky nposoasT no BBIUIeOMHcAHHOH MeTORUKe, Monupitxaiuno Citesa iumpoxo npaMensior Ha mpaxruxe. mame Meron Tpama » wonmduKaunn Kaonwnu. Ha mpenerHoe CTEKIO HaHOCsTT HEGOULYIO KaILNO ANCTILLINPOBARHO! BOTH, MOMELIAIOT B HEC MEHMMATBHOE KONHYECTBO KICTOK MHKPOOpra- HYGMOB M meTaeft aOGaRnmoT 0,5%-HEI crMpToBOM pacTBop Kpucraxamueckoro ¢birasieronoro. Cycriensiw0 pasioMepHo pac npeneasior Ha nomial 1 eM2, noxcyuMBAIOT H d>KCHPYIOT OM HOKPATHEIM MPOBENCHHIEM HAX TuIaMeHeM ropenKH. Tocxe sToro npeniapar B resenue | MuH OOpaGaTbipaloT peakTHBOM, conepxa~ uum 10 Max 5%-Horo pacrnopa ¢byxcuna Thelithepa, 10 sur 10%-Horo pacropa wona, 10 Mi auetona H 70 ma 0,5%-Horo, 48 ctvopa HONTa KAA. 3aTeM Mpenapat onyckalor Ha MrHoBe- hue 8 96%-EIA STLIOBLAA cHMpT M ObicTpO BuicyUIMBAIOT d>HLABT- ponanbioit GyMarof Kpacwream 1 peaxrunss x18 oxpackn 0 Epamy. 1. Perarosvai pac ‘meop zenuuana duaremoeden TreHunaH dpHoneToREAM — Ir, emHpT 96%-nit — 10 Aer, enon xpucTaaanveckwit ~ 2 r, non ane smporaitiast — 100 sx B HeKoTopux cxyyasx npHMeHsoT cnupmosoid pacmeop eeuwuana (fuosemoeoeo: renunan duoxeTonsiH (HK KPHCTAAIHYECKHA dM ‘onerontali) — Ir, enupr 96%-mutit (pextixuxar) — 100 ser, ra luepi — 5 sex, Bytbut co cMecbio cransT 8 TepMocrar Ha 2441 (oxo H omine), aareM buLnEEPYIOT.. 2. Pacmeop Jiozaxs (wont KasA — 2 r, Wo xpucTaxatecKstll — Tr, poxa ancrumposannas — 300 941). BHatiate roTossT KoH- LuestTpHpoRAHH pacTBop MomTa KaMH 8 5 WHI BORE, B HEM pac- "opmoT Hos, NoTOM AOBaKARIOT Bony 20 300 st. 3. Caupm 96% 4. @yxeun Méexbepa (wos pacroop KapGaxtonoro dpykewna Us- aa): 1 Nat xapGostonoro dbyxcwig Lat (em. 3.2.2) 9 sex anerna- uponamHoit Bombt 3.2.2. BoissneHne KucnoroycroiuMBoctH 6aKtepHii metonom Llans—Hunscena Kuczoroycroiiumpocrs — cBoiicrso, HanGonee xapakrepHoe ans MuKOGaKTepHA Ml HEKOTOPHIX AKTHHONHUETOB. OHO cBs3AHO © OcOGEHHOCTSIMH. XHMHMECKOTO COCTABA KIETONHDIX CTEHOK, 11aB- HbIM O6paSOM — ¢ HAAIHEN B HX MELKOTOBLIX KHeTOT. KHcs10TO- Yeroit4HNOCTE MPOABAKETEA B TOM, TO KIETKH ¢ TpyZOM BOCHpH- HuIMQOT KPACHTeAM, MPM OKpaILIHAHHM — MpouHO wx yslepAH- aor. Ao chuxcanmi maaxa GaxrepHit Ha ruameHit mpentapar roro- wir oGKUHEIM crlocoGoM (eM. 2.2.1). fLaiee Ha dbuKeMpOBANtit BIIaMeHM M OCTBIBIIMH Mperapar NoMeniaioT NonocKy dusLTPO- HUIbHOMl OYMarH, OOWIBHO CMAMEBAIOT ee KAPGOIOBLIM byKCHHOM Unas 1 marpesaior mpenapar Wan miameHen 5 sun. Hests3st 10- HYCKATH BBICHXAHHA Mpenlapara: B cayyae HeoGxoAMMocTH cesyer aoGapurrs 1—2 Karvin Boats. Henbaa TaKKe AOBOLLITE KPacHTeMb 10 KIMCHI: KAK TONBKO NOABATCA Mapsl, Mperiapar OTBOAAT B CTOPO- hy, To oxonuattnit OKpALINBAHI M OXAMAACHNA Mperapara 6yMa- Ty YaAIMOT, a MaI0K MpOMEIBAIOT C:aGO!t cTpyeHt BoTOMPOBOAHO! Boab 10 NCHESHOBEHMA OKPACKH 8 CTOKe. 3aTeM Mpeniapar npoMo- Kaor yxeiita w 96%-Hiom enupre. CMece roToRsT 38 HecKoI ave no yhorpeGAeHis, xpanstr 8 CKAAHKE € NpiTepTOH POO » teMtiow mecTe. Tlepest Hava0m paGorst ee puuisTpyior. sam Meron Sleiipcona. Crexiorpacbom Ha omHolt nox0BUKK cTek1a Mo rpakHlie BHIYepYNBAIOT NpAMoyroabHMK. Ha TuI01 TpaMoyronbHHka nevaell HaocaT cycrensito Gaktepitit. Hi Hail CTeKNO, s1AKT BOSMOKHOCTS cTeub MIGKITKY -KIAIKOCTH nporiwonioxoxnyio cropoxy cTekra. Fpenapat cywar mpi KOM: HatHoit Tewmeparype Ha DosIyXe. Ha Ma3ox HaHocaT TOHHO | NUT MapaposaHH-tHMHOBOrO Kpacit ‘Teas, CHeMs 3 TEM, 4TOGHI OH He PaCTeKAcA 3a HaHeceHHBIe crexio amu, Tlockomsky 8 KpacuTene conepxittea TaHHHMHO! Kucnota, mpeaRaprTenbHo dhuiKcaus He TpeGyercs. Oxpau ie auutrest 7—15 nttkt (BPeMA OMIPEsLEAAIOT B KAKIOM KOH caysae oxcnepmmertratbito). Zan yrouneHMst mpapiubHocTa COkPaCKH NperlapaT NlOMeNKHOT Ha MepHBti cow M ocweULAIOT Kak TOKO Mo BCEMY Ma3KY BHITIaNeT OCAOK, HO6LITOUHEAI KPact ‘Temb yaawmor caabolt cTpyelt ANCTILLAMPOBAHHO! BOM, He OTM as BBINIARLIMIL B OCALOK KpacrTes. Ec KieTKH GakTepHt He OK- DACIUIMcD & KPACHBI LIBET, Hx OKPALNBAIOT METHLTEHOBLIM CHE TIpnroronaenne 1. Duns 9T0r0 HeoOxOAHNIS PHL ropa: nepawii— 1,5%-Hui NaCl » amerwaanponanvioit ‘omopou — 3%-Wul TaHHUHOROML KHCTOTH B AMCTHLAAHpORAH nome (pacrBop OTAEH OLITe cHeTHO-KeATHIM); mpemuli — 0,9%- uit napaposamuamnanerara, wm 0,3%-HEAA rapaposannaMMrnn poxtopiuia 8 96%-HoM Tit0ROM enupre, Jim noayenis lopoaHHoit eMecH TpeGyeres MeCKOEKO HACOB MAKE NH BIGaLI- oiraHiit, BMecTO comH PoaFLAMHIA MOxHO NPHMeHHTD OCHOBHOR (byxcu m nix 1,2%-Horo pacrsopa » 96%-HoM sTHLIOHOM crUpTe. Lia npuroromenis Kpacitens eMeumina¥or pannte O6veMB ex TeX PACTHOPOB, NOsIYNeHHYKO Meck xpaltsT B NAOTHO saKy- rnopeHHoft ckasmke. Kpacitem coxpariser con cnoiierna mpi 4°C neckonbkKo Heaenb, a npH f= ~10—20 °C — mecaubi 1 naxe roa meme Meron cepe6penna xryraxos no Mopososy. Foromir tpi peaxrua, Cocras nepaozo: 1 M1 neasHofl ykcyCHO KiHcTOTBI, 21 opmanina, 100 sur aNCTILLIMpOBAKHOM BOM; COcraB emo poze. St Tanta, 1 M1 AWAKOIL KapGOAOKOI KuCHOTM (cena), 100 sx ANCTEAIMPOBAHOM BoAB; COCTAB mpemeeeo: ST xpucTAN- amveckoro Hutrpara cepe6pa (AgNO,), 100 xu sHerHLIMpORAHHOH out K 80 ser pacrsopa cepebpa no Kanaan npiineaior BomHbuit Pacrwop aMmaka (HaULATHIpHOTO cMpTa) 110 pacrHopeHHs o6pa sonanuleroca ocaika M NosWIeHHA JlerKoit onmanecueHUn. Ec ammuaka GyneT 1OGaBICHO CAMUIKOM MHOTO, TO M3 OcTaBUIMXcA 20 sur pacrsopa cepeGpa cnesyeT AOGABUTE elle HeCKONBKO Karte AO postinKHOBeHHA onauTecueHUMH. Aus oxpacki npenapata noaysentsitl pacrwop cepe6pa pas~ Bom AMCTHLLIMPOBAHHOM BOOM B CooTHOMEHUH | : 100. Texninka oxpackit caeyiomias: Ha 1 Mui Ha npenapar Haan ‘Baior neppuiit peakTHB, cAMBaIOT cro, MpoMMBAKOT nperapaT Bo- ofl; HaaMBaior BrOpoll peakTUB, Mpenapar noxorpenaioT Ha c:1a- Gow maaMenn 1 MMH 0 HoaBIeHM MapoR, THLATeRLHO npoMtIDa- Yor ponoit; 1-2 mux npn Harpenarnn oGpaGarsnaior npenapar TPETHIM PeakTHBOM 0 MlOABICHHA TeMHO-KopHHeBOH OKpACKH Ma3xka, TIMATEABHO NPOMBIBAIOT BODO, BLICYLIMBAIOT H. MUKPOCKO- Tupyior c uMMepcneit 3.2.6. Oxpacka revoma 6axtepHii © hae reHoma pH uMTOXHMEMECKHX HeCReAOBAHWAX cyAsT Mo KavectBeHHOit peaKUNM Ha jCsOKCMPHGOHYKICHHORYIO KuCOTY CHK), xoropas BxomuT # ero coctan. 35meme Meron Powanoscxoro—fumsa. ITuM MeTOIOM B KCN npokapHoT OAHOBPEMEHHO BLIABAMOT TeHOM KICTKH M BOM Chavana npenapar ¢uxcupyior 5 MHH MeTHMIOBLIM crMpTOM cbuxcatopom Kaprya. B rioceaem caywae 211m yaateHiia 1 ykcyeHoll KHeOTHI Mpenapar npowbBaloT cHUpTOM H TULATEAT BEICYLIMBAIOT Ha osmyxe. OxpamiBaIoT nperiapar KpacHTenG Powanonckoro—Tiwsa B TeveHHe CYTOK, SATEM OfOlaCKHBAIOT caa6outerounoit (pH 7,2) Boroll, BeicyuriBaIoT H MHIKpockOT wor. TeHom oxpanmipactea 8 Kpacto-nonetopullt uper, Tu1asMa — 8 c1a60-posoBuilt. Kpacurean. Kpacumess Kopxya conepxt a6comorn tii cmipT, x porhopa, seaRHyIO YkCYCHYIO KHeAOTY B coorHOueHH 6 : 3: 1 Kpacumens Poanosckoeo—Tuxsa. TIpomtiuvienvoct wuinye) npenapaar, npescrantmouuit coboHt cMect asypa (opraxnvec pacireaa, nnyseHHoro 19 MeTHIeHOBoro cHHETO), 903m H ME enonoro cunero, HertocpetcraenHo nepen ynorpedacnuest x 10 AMETILUINpOBAHHOM pom, UMeIOUIEN HeltpAALHyIO HK cnaGI ‘ounyo peaxuino (pH 7,2), npuGarsisor 10 xames xpacitrens. mmm Peaxyna Densrena. Ec npumcnaior aia oxpackn J Tipu caaGom KHcaOTHOM rHuIpomMse HyKsCOMpoTeHIOB MpoHK AMT OTULETLIeHHe NYPHHOBLIX H. TMPUMILIMHOBEEX OCHOBAHMT, ayulee K BLICBOGOKTEHINO eI0KCHpHGOsK, wxoammeit 8 IH! Tipu rimponnse stes0KcupiGosa nepexoant 8 B-rixpoKeHLteny! HoBttit aTberHa, KOTOPHIit BIAMMONIeMICTBYET C CepHHCTO! a‘ GecupeTHOlt (PyKCHHCEPHHCTO! KNCIOTH, BELLE cbyKCHH Ki Horo upera, B peayabrare reHom OKpaumMBaeTcs. Fpenaparnt Gakrepuit oGpaGarsiBaior duKcaropom Kapt 5 MH, MPOMBiBaloT aGcoIOTHLM CHUPTOM, THuIponHsyioT 7 B pacrnope 14. HCI, nogorpetom a0 60°C, morpyxaior Ha I 2 MH B XonomHBI pacruop 1H. HCI meperiocar B ibykcHHek nuetyio Kucaory (peaxtus LUndyba) Ha 3—4 1. Mpenapart nk JOBATENBHO MPOMBIBAKT B TEX KIOBETAX ¢ CepHHCTO! BOO! 20 MUH B KaxZOM, 3ATEM ONO.TACKMBAIOT ANCTILUIMpOBAHHO! Aoi, BKICyLIMEAIOT M MiNKpocKonMpyior. TeHoM OKpaulHpa‘ 8 woacropstit user. 3.2.7. Oxpacxa sxniovennii xnetox MukpoopraHnsMos Besovenun — 210 peulectea, BosHUKaloUlNe B pesyqbTate Gonuama KsreTKH. 56 sews Oxpacxa sonioraia (MeTaxpomarneckHx rpanyn) MeToROM Omensexoro. Basomun — nioxnpocipar, sanactioe ocop- 1 qs0TCOMePAAMLCE BEULECTHO, MPOHSBOAHOE HYKTEHHOBO!L KHCAOTEI. XapakTepHBIe CHOMICTHA BOMOTHHA — CPONCTRO K OCHOBHBIM Kpa- cifTensM Ht Memaxpamasua, T.€. CHOCOBHOCTs MpHOGpeTaT HHOH user, eM UBET OKPauUNBAIOUIerO BeMLecTBA. Meow OKpackH OcHOBaH Ha MMIOXOlt pacTBOpHMOCTH. BO:TIO- ‘rina B pacTBopax KHes1or. Ha OGexKUPeHHOE cTeKIO HaocsT TOH- util Ma30K OakTeps, CyWuaT ero Ha BosAyxe, ¢buKCUpyIoT Ha mIa- eHeM M OKpauinMnaior KapGononsin ¢byKcHHOM Lui. Hepes 0,5— I Muit npombisaior npenapar woaoli, oGecusesMmaior 20-30 c 1%-HuiM pactBopom. H,SO,, npotsaior, onomHiTeNbHO 20— 30.¢ oKpaumBaloT MeTHLTeHOBKIN CHEM (1:40), mponiaior, TPOMOKAIOT, HaHOCRT MaCTO H CMOTPAT ¢ HMMEPCHOHHOM cHcTe- oll. Fpanymtt BOOTHHa OKpalleHB! B KPACHBAI tkBeT Ha owe cHt- eit wutTorUia aM. Moxno oxpautinars (buKenponaiunte npenapara 10—30 eMerizienonbim citi JTedbnepa wut 1%-HbiM pactBopoM Tosty- JuUIMOBOO CHHeTO, 3aTeN pOMBIBATS Mperiapar Bool, NPOMOKaT® dicwrpoBaNbHOR Gymaroll Mt cMoTpeT lod MUKpockorIOM., B nepoom cayae (pit oKpacke MeTivIeHOBBIM cHRNM) rpanyz NNcIOT LiBeT OF CHHETO s10 ¢>HOATETOBOTO, HO BTOPOM — OH KpAC- Hute Ha (bore roayGoit mTon.tasN. meen Oxpocka rmuxorena. Duxozen — yrtenos, xnnorHL Kpax- Mat, Berpevaeten y aykapwor # npoxapwor. Brepsbie Grr oGHapy- ert dpanuysckum busnonorom K. Bepwapom w neve Kpuic np Wo OSIWIbHOM THFraHtHMH yrtenonaNm, YacTO TANKOreH HakanviBaeT- © 8 KIeTKAX npoxoKefi, GaunLL. Jaa oGoramertHst poxcKeRbIx KICTOK FIMKOrEHOM HX BHIpANLITRAIOT Ha ConosOBO! cpene. Ha ancroe mpemmerHoe cTeKI0 HaHocsT HeGombulIy!O KANO CYeTeHOMN MUKPOOPraHHSMOB Ht K Heit AOGARIAOT TaKyIO 2Ke Kar~ 40 pacrnopa 1p B KI (7 rly 20 r KI wa 100—300 1 ancrunt- Posanioit wos). Ceepxy MoMeMIOT OKPOBHOE CTeKIO, HI6KTOK AuaKOCTH yaanmor ditbTPOBATbHOM GyMaroit. Tpenapar npo- Sharpunaior ¢ MaciaHoH HMMepcHen. Ha npenapate Saccharomyces cerevisiae sHoro NO4KYIOULX- © kxerox. B oGpasyioulnixcr (pacTyutix) NlowKaX PaNKoreHa MpaK- TH€CKH HeT, NOCKOABKY YETeBOALL PacXoayIoTes B Mpouecce aK- 7THBHOTO MeTAGOAHSMa H TaMKOTeH He samiacaeTes. B MaTepHHCKED kuleTKAX OKPaCKA PAHKOTeHa MHTEHCHBHA — B 3aBMCHMOCTHE OT TeHH FO HAKOILICHHs OHA HAPLUpYer OT 8PpKO-KENTHIX OTTCHKO 20 KOpHYHEHO-KEATDIX. iq BkmoveHHst rauKoreHa xopoUIO HecsIeAOBAT B 1—2. Bix Kyabtypax Saccharomyces cerevisiae w Bacillus mycoides. eum Oxpacxa rpanyneau.. [panystesa — yrsieBon, KpaxMaroron06- Hoe peutectno. BerpeaeTos TOAKKO ¥ MPOKAPHOT M TOIIBKO B MacasHOKHCAEIX Gaxrepiit. Closiridium butyricum nepex c1o oGpasonantnen. OGIO rpaxyneset HaKarLuMBacTes sHasNTeA KoimuecrBo. B HeGomsmylo Karun cyeneHaMit MacamHoKncnBIx Gaxrepit 2OGaBIAOT TaAKYIO Ae KarLNO pactopa Jlorons, HaxpbIBAIOT KPOBHBIM CTEKIOM, YIUIAIOT HSGEITOK AKHAKOCTH ¢piUIbTPOBATLHO Gywarofi w npocMarpuBawor ¢ wacaaHoit Ho«MepcHeit B kavectne oGnexra caeayer MCTOMs0BaTS Haxonumest yomypy sacasmoxucatex Gaxmepui. Ee noaysaior cieayioutns 06 pavoM: 3a 3—4 eyr 20 saHsTHit NPOOMDKH. Ha '/5 SANOAHSHOT Ni KorapesaHHbIM HeONMUIEHHEIM KapTosbeteM, TOGanIAOT Mea KOHIIKE HOKA H AOTMBALOT AOEPXY BOLONPOBOAHOTL BonO!t. TIpo OuPKHE NOMeMLAIOT H HORNY GaN HM Harpesaor np 70 10 smn, save OXaXIBIOT H CTaBAT B TepMocTar npH 30 °C. ZL npuroronterns mpenapara MaciioKnemax GaxtepH Gepyr mumerkoft Kanmo cycmeHsiH N31 xoctu. Fpanysiexa oxpaninacres 8 cie-dmoreTosstit Use 1 KamayeTea Ha OOM 9 KOHUIOB KleTox Clostridium butyricu TpHO6peraioulnx dopMy RepereHa B MpoUecce MepecrposHKH ‘TaTHBHAIX KIETOK B KneTKM, HecytuMte cnopHl. Bropolt KOHEL Ki xut (¢ bopaupyroueticn cnopoit) ocractest 1eoKpailteHttaM. eeme Oxpacka xnpa. Kup coxepxirex B KeTKAX MpaKriecks BCX BILLOB MHKPOOPFAHHGMOB, OCOGEHHO MHOTO ero Hakarvi Tes pH Crapeniait Kys15TYpH TipesMeTHoe CTEKNO HaHOcAT NeGObUIyIO Kal 40%-oro pacrBopa ¢bopmauua. Tleraeit B Hee BHOCST KyZI MutxpoopraHirama, DopMainn yOnBaeT KIETKH M paspaxcier oGariouKn, Yepes 5 Mii m aTy Xe KAMLHO AOGanIMOT eGo. amuuo MeT#LIeHoporo cHHero, a cnycra 10 samt — : cyaatia IIT (pactnopimoro ® 2upe Kpaciress, miuNKaTopa «spe noxoGHBx neutecTs). O6pasonanityiocs OGLIYIO KANO HaxpbIBAHO 38 OKPOBHBIM CTEKTOM, YLULHOT HSORTOK KWIKOCTHE (pILTBTpORATE- oil 6yMaroit H MHKPOCKONHpyIOT Npeniapat ¢ HMMepcHeit. Lirronasma KneTOK OkpawliBAeTeR B CHEM WBeT, BKMONe- ii-AMpa — B po30BO-oparxent OSteKrot 2214 HecteAODaHtitA — CTapbie KYABTYHL AOA! Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus megaterium. Miorme rpanyati, oxpausnsaiouutecs cyzanont TIL nut cya vom sepHti B (0,3%-HbIM pactBopom B 70%-HOM sTHIeHOBOM crmpte), COCTORT H3 NOAH-B-oKcHMacAAHO! KHeAOTHL. DAR BbuAB- eH NOMH-B-OKCHMACARHO! KHCTOTH TOTOBAT mpenapar KAETOK 24-vacopoii KyasTypbi. Ma3ok NoAcyLINBaIOT Ha BoARyXe, UKCH- pYlOT Ha THIAMEHEM TOperKH, OKPAlIIMBAIOT cyAaHOM YepHbIM S— 15 Natit (KpacHTe’ MOXET MPH 9TOM BHICOXHYTS, HO 3TO HE HMeCT. saveHHs). 3aTeM KPACHTeNb cMBIBAIOT, Npeniapar nomcyuMMBAIOT (bisTpoBANBHOM GyMarolt M OOpaGarbIBAIOT KCHLIONOM, HECKOBKO pas NOrpyAaA B Hero cTeKIO. Bens OGecuBEHHIBAHHA He 1O:7KHO pessiuiaTe | MuH. JlonoaHWTeNbHOe OKpaUIMBaHMe mpenapara pononstt 0,5%-HbIM BOAHBIM pacrBOPOM cadbpanlMHa B TeNeHHe 10 ¢. BRONeHHIA NonH-B-OKCHMACKaHOit KHCIOTH BBIKIALTT Kak epHO-CHHIMe rpaHyabl B posoBO!t UHTONMIAIMe KAeTOK. Hipurorosnenme cyaawa III. 0,1 r cyaana {II pacrsopmor 8 200 se 96%-Horo crupra 1LIM KOHLHTPHPOBAKHO! MoowHO! KUCKOTHA Motepnanui n o6opynosanne. Kpacirean 1 peaxtes! aia okpackn io Tpamy, BbinwicHna KucAoToyc- oiluumocra Gaxepitl, chop, KaNeya, ATYTHKOB, FeHOMA, BOMOTHHA, rA- KOFcHA, FPAHYACIbL, MPA; MPCAMETHIE CTeKIa, GAKTEPHOMOTHYECKHE NeT- au, cnpr © adupom (1: 1), MiKPOcKON! H Bee HeOOKOMHMOE ALI MIIK- ockonmponanis Nutanne muKpoopraHn3mMoB 4.1, 3Hayenne oraensitix snemeHTos nHTaHHA (Ha npumepe Aspergillus niger) ‘Kaabii cryaent noayvaer munenayanbHoe sananne — noaroTo- Burs rurarenbuyio cpeay a1 rpuGa Aspergillus niger coorpeteT- Syloutero apuarrra (cero 11 BapHarTos). 39Ecau aro [-i eapuanm (Koumpoxsuan cpeda), 10 w ci Cpeabi BXOANT Bee STeMEHTH MTAHH, HeOGxOAHsIE sLAA rpH (xpome muxposementos). Ecast 9T0 2—8-i eapuanm, TO B Ki JOM 13 KIX HCKMOWH KaKOFl-NGO OAH SteMeHT mranis. Es S10 9—11-i sapuanmu, TO & KAXIOM M3 HiKX picyTerByeT Koil-aNGo oni MixkposemeHT. eae omsrra — nuisicittt, Kak rpuG Gyaer passunarsca 8 CYTETHHE HLIM MPH AONOUIHITETBHOM BHECEHHI KAKOTO-A160 Metta mitraiins. Bapmanrros neraressnoex epex: 1. Hoanax numamenonas peda Ger auxporrenenmos, %: caxapora 10,0; NH NO, — 0,3; KH:PO, — 0,2; MgSO, — 0,05; FeSO, 0.01 2! Ta we cpena Ger yeepoda: wexowenta caxaposa. JLin KoMTIeH uh OcMoTHECKOM AKTHBHOCTHL CPeAKL MOKHO BHECTH cooT ytoutee No ocMOTHecKOMY 9KRNBATEHTY KONINNECTHO XKIOPHLIA H pa (NaC), Koropiaii He okaabinaeT Ran Ha paamutTHE PHA, 3. Ta we pena Ges asoma: nexaio4en NH,NO3. 4, Ta xe cpena Ges fochopa: KH;PO, saweneHt apyroit comb10, epxaueHt 9xnitnanenTHioe KosUNecTBO Kan, HampHMep Kt Tipwt samene onvioit com wa apyryio KarwoH aaveuiacren Kame faitnont — xopou; Cl ie oKassinAeT RATHEA Ha pasmTHE TpHO 5. Ta xe cpema es nas: KH,PO, samenten 9kBHBATEHTHBAM KOM vyecrbom NaHPQ,, 6. Ta xe cpeaa Ger cepw: MgSO, FeSO, saenens 2xnunaneHt uN KonMuecTBaNH MgCl, H FeCl, SAKNCHYIO Com KeTE32 MOK Ho saMeiitT® OKHCHOR. 7. Ta xe cpena Ger naznust: MgSO, samevien 9kBHRATEHTHEIM KOI ecTvom Na;SO, 8. Ta xe cpena Ges meses: FeSO, saMevent 9kBiInAteHTHDAM KOE ecrpom Na;SO,, 9—I1. Ta xe epena ¢ do6aarenuen swuxpoaienenmos. 8 9-M sapHat ‘re m cocran cpeat most ZnSO,, 8 10-m— MnSOy, 6 11-m H,BO,. Konuetrrpauna com, conepxaiucit sinxposnemertr, 1eex rpex caysanx — 0,019, Tloayaun sazanue, cneayeT paccuntats 9KBuBAIeHT unit npouenT saMemawmero Bemectsa (310 on CirTes KO BCEM BapHAHTAM, 3a HeKTHIOMEHITeM MepBLIX Tpex), EcaM KAAKJOM 19 9THX BAPHAHTOB MCKHONHTD KaKYi0-A11G0 COM, TO Ol HOBPEMEHHO YIATAOTCA BA SeMCHTA NHTAHH BMECTO OAHO) Tax, 8 4-M papuare (cpena Ges ¢ocdopa) npit yates KH;PO, 60 oIHOBPEMEHHO HcKMONAIOTEH (poctbop M Kamit. TosTOMy Kant HeoONONHMO BHECTH B Cpelty B OKBHBATEHTHOM KOAHYECTHE B BINIe KCl Mpumep pacuera. Bapwantr 4 (epeaa Ges dpooopa): KH,PO, (0.2% 8 cpene) saMenmor KCL Mosexyaaptaa wacca KH,PO, ~ 136 (39 + 2+ 31 + 64), a KCI — 74 (39 + 35). ‘Chara onpenenmior coxepxanne (8 %) Kast cpene (x): 136 r KH:PO, cocrawsior 0,2% 39rk Poe p= 39202 136 Sarew yerantannnsaior KommecrBO KCI (8 %) ()), sxBMBAIENTHIOE HstsTO- wy xoxmiectay KH;PO,: 0,06 (9). 391K coornererayior 0.06% K TarKCl > y KCl 4 ya = 0,1), Aspergillus niger — aapo6neiit opranitsM, nostowy aaa count —AYNWHX yonoBiii aspaunM MchomsyIoT KONGH Sprenmettepa OGKeMom 75—100 nur ¢ 30 nor pests. Jlaiee paccuntbinaior KONMHECTBO KaxkMOrO Be- uecTBa B rpaMMax B 30 MI Cpeas, 3Has Hx npoueHT- Hoe conepxanne. Tpnwep pacuera. HeoGxom pacrsop, koxuentpauus NH,NO, 8 oropow 039%: 100 sax pacroopa coaepxar 0,3 r NH,NO} 301» >» x NHNO; x= Dye = 0.090. Tam xe OGpasom paccuntpaKoT HanecKit OcraapHmx KOMMOHEHTOB cpeaM. Tak Kak MaBeckH B GomBUINHCTBE CBOEM O4eH Ma, 470 3- Thy miieT BapewMBANHe, yaoGHeE MCTIOALsOBATD FoTODHLe PacTBOPLs: 20%-muit pacrsop caxaposti, 1%-tth pactsop MuKpoareMertToB, 10%-Huwit — sua Beex ocranbubix conelt. Daa 310ro Hao ompeste- IMM, CKOADKO MHATAMTPOB KaxNOTO pactBopa SAeayer B3aT, YTOGH BHECTH CooTRETETAYIOUIY!O HaBecky. pcex 61Mpumep pacwera. Jaa NH.NOs: 100 mx 10%-Horo p-pa NH,NO, conepxar 10 r NH,NOs y » NH,NO, > 0,09 NH,NO, ’ = 0,9 (ser). TloxoGrbim xe o6pasoM paccuHtTetBaIoT pce MHrpeAMe! (8 nat) 1a KaXKIOTO BapHAHTA H BHOCHT UX B KONOY. TpocyMMupoBan OGEEMBI PACTBOPOB B KAXTOM BApHAHTe BHIVTA MlOAyYeHHBe cyMMBI M3 30, MonyNaoT KoAMYeCTB AMCTHATMPOBAHHOM BOA, KOTOPEE HAN AOGaBiTTE Kakalyio Kon6y. Bee HeoGxomuMBie Com H caxaposy BHOCAT muyamessHo Momo muneTkaMn, CHavaia niteTkH MOIOT Tox cTpyelt MPOBOAHO! BOK, JATEM ONONACKMBAIOT ANCTILLANPOBAHHOM OH. OGKEMBL, COCTABTAIOUINE LeTOE YHCTO MILLTILTITTPOB, BK rpaiyuponaniHoft muneTkoft Ha 10 ut c aeneHHANH 0,1 Mut, a ‘The Mt COTBe HX TOIH — MHKPorMeTKOH Ha I NUT ¢ sleNEHIR 0,01 sen. Ko6t1 co cpesoft sapaxaior cnopamn rpi6a Aspergillus ger, JaKpbinAlOT BATHNIMM TIPOGKAMM HM MpHKperiamOT STHK ykasaHMem BapHanra. Cheat mepen BHeCeHMeM crop TpHGa He crepHANayIOr, Kak BRICOKAS KOHLEHTpallNa caXapa M. KHCIIAH PeaKUHst cpesbt cer KHEABIX comet KATA, MaTHHA H 2elesa NpensTeTByIOT Gaxrepnit. ‘Tia kaxqoro sapnatira onbira xenaTembHa AByKpaTHaA BropHocTs. OnBITHBIe Kox6iI MoMeMLaioT B TepMocTaT pH 2% 30°C. Onur ananwsupyior cnycta 7 cyt. Taenxa, sbipoc Beppom BapHanTe, MpHANMaeTeR B KaYecTBe Obpastia, ¢ CpaBHitRaloT Ace OCTANBHBIe. OGHIHO B STOM Bapitartte pocr over xopounit. Poct rpu6a oucnnpaior pusyanbiio, Lis TouHo OUeHKH TMIeHKy rpHOA B KAaXkOM BapHaHTe MOXHO BI mrs npit 105 °C 20 mocrosHHoit Maccet 1 BaBecitTs, pun Bec MAeHKH rpHGa B nepsoM BapHaHTe 3a 100%. Ha cpenax, re HckMo4eH TOT HA MHOM aneMeHT MTA ocoBeHHO MpH Gobo! NOTpeGHOCTH B HeM, rpHG He pacteT pacter o¥eHb ca6o. Ecim miuxpoopranisMy 21% pocra HeGombulloe KOAHYECTHO KAKOTO-NGO SueMeHTa MiATaHHH (Hal Mep, FeSO, — 0,01%), To HcKMOYeHHe ero M3 Cpe MIO C1 Baerea Ha pocte KierouHOll MaccM, TAK Kak rpH6 McrOmBsyeT 2 ech 9TOFO JHEMEHTA, HMeIomyioca B peakTHBaX. Tpit noaHoM yAMICHIM M3 MMTATEABHOM Cems HeOGXOAUMOrO a41eMeHTa rpuG possbarbes me Byer. Motepiansi o6opynosanne Kymsrypa rpH6a Aspergillus niger, 20%-1ait pactnop caxapoans; 1%-nue pactnopst ZnSOy, H;BO,, MnSO, 1 10%-nute pacrsopst NH,NO;, KH,PO,, KCl, NaH;PO,, MgSO,, MgCl, FeSO,, FeCl kon6m 1a 75— 100 sex; LuaiapE Ha 100 Mur, rpanyHponartie ruAnenKH Ha 10 NA, rpa- ynposaHHBNe MMKPOMMTETAH Ha I MA; MpentapowALTHE MAB waa H GY MaxHBI OTHKETKM. 4.2. Murarenbreie cpeast 4.2.1, PasHoo6pasve nurarensneix cpen OnHot W3 OcHoBHBIN 3saZa4 MUKPOGHOAOTHN sIRIHETeR BEITHICHME uncreHHOCTE MMUKpoopraitao8 (KOE — Kosioniteobpasyiouutx aint) B TOM HLH HHHOM ey6crpate. OanaKo yHHBepcaIbHOlt cpe~ Asi, Ha KOTOpOIL Gh BOIINTLIIC BCe CyMLeCTAYIOMLNE B aHHOM eyberparte xurkpooprannsv, Her. Heeuxuit yaensit P. Kox npen- AOKILA OTHOCHTeMbHO YHNINEPEATBHTYIO cpemy Ha OcHORE MsIcHOrO GyLoHa, Ha KOTOPOIt XOPOILIO pASBHBAIOTES MUKPOOPTAHIMEA, HC Hombsyloulme opraHneckHe asOTCOREPxAMIME COeAMHEHHS. Tlosaee C. H. Buwoepadcxun 8 mpaxtaKy suKpoOnonorin Gunn vpeneHL s4exmuenoie, HIM uxdupameasnuee, cpeaLt, pe astayeHeioe JU ONPENENEHHENX rpynM MuUKPOOPraHTIaMOB. OH CocranieHbt ® pacteTe Ha MpesesbHO CTpOTMe YCIOBIA, NIPH KOTO- PAIX AOWKEH paSBHBATECR TOTEKO HOOPAHHEAH MiIKPOOPTAHION. H ikaxoit apyrofl. OcHosHoft NpHHUAT aexTHBHBIX cpex— yuer YoOupareabit4ax norpeGHocTelt MuxPOopraxawa —B cneumme- KIN YoAOBMLAX pasBiTTUA. 3HaK dysHOTOTHYECKHE OCcoBeHHOETH CoormeTCTHyIOULeH FPYNIMA MHKPOOPTAHHSMOB, MOXHO 1o106parks He TOILKO XHMHYECKHil COCTaB CPesM, HO M TAKHE YCAOBHA KY.tb- THBKPORAHNA (AKTUBHYIO KMCHOTHOCTS cpesbl, YeaoBNA aapaLitt, TeMmeparypy M ap.), MPH KOTOPHHX coanaeTes AGopaTOpHAA HMI Taw 9KoAOFMMECKOH HMMM ecTeCTBEHHTIX yenoDNt oGrTaNHs, MieKTHBHBe CPEs NOSBOAOT OCYULECTRIT GHOTOrHMVECKHE NPouteccis B aaGopatopuit H Ha MpoMsBorcTae Ges npeawapirTe:tb- Molt crepuausauum cpeasl. FpuMepoMm oaeKTHBHEX cpe MoryT SAVAHIT cpeabl JIA BbuLEMEHNs asoTIbUKCATOPOR, HurrpHEpUKATO- 6pos. 31H cpembt MPHMEHSOT MABHBIM OOPAsOM JAH BBLIECHT MUKPOOpraHNSMOB H3 MecT HX MpspoAHOTO OGUTAHHA HHO HSC HX HAKOMHTEABHBIX KY.IBTYP. Haxonumesousie peat ObvIM MipewioxeHbt TosLTAHLACK! yuennim M. Betepunxom. B unx mitTepecyiountit Hec:Ie108 KOMMNOHEHT cpembt AaeTed B HBOBITKe, TOM BLIACHITE, MuKpOOpraHitaM 11H Fpyfita MUKPOOPraHHSMOB Ero MCrIO:T: TOCKONBKY HMCHHO OH HIM OHH GyayT 2OMMMHpOBATE B. epee. Onmumassusie cpensi npentoxna A, A. Haweneuruit ueamoxos0paspyulaioulIx MuKpoopraxusMos, B. C. Bymkeews AN MponyuettTa ANMOHHOM KiCAOTE Aspergillus niger. Octo) THUMM ONTHMATBHEIX cpex JakMOUAeTEH B COsAAMIN HAH GraronpustrHBix yenosiit 11H HS6pAHHBIX MiAKPOOPraHtIt3MoB, COHHEM B cpeay pasmHyHLAX CTHMYAKPYIOULNX POT 1OGABOK (B MiHOB, POCTOBLAX BeULeCTB, MUKPO3.TeMEHTOR). Tlo cocrasy cpenst noxpastenmoten Ha abe rpynnt: ¢ ie (Hatypabitbte) Mt cMHTETIEIeCKHE. Ecmecmeennoimu OOsHO HA3BIBAI0T CPeABI, KOTOPHIE CO SAT 3 NPOAYKTOB AXMBOTHOTO HIM PACTHTEsBHOTO MPOHEXOAK:A! MMCIOUNX CTOXHBII —Heonpenerernbii xHMULeCKIKIE Co Dro — pasmHsHbte YacTH pacTeHMM, AKMBOTHEIe TKaHt, APO, HABOS, OBA, BoMIA Mopelt, O3ep H MILHEPATBHBIX Ht nko. Hx Menoab3yI0T Yaue B BANE 9KCTPAKTOB WI HacroeD. eCTECTBEHHEIX CPesaX XOPOLIO PAsBHBAIOTER MHOTHE MKD HIGMBI, TAK KaK B HX €CTb BCE KOMMOHEHTDI, HeOOXOAHMBIE 2 pocra, OaHaKo cpeitbi ¢ HeonIpeteACHHLIM COCTABOM MaIonpHTO Hb UI HBYeHHs (PUSHOTOTHH OGMeHa BeILeCTB MIKKPOOPI MoB, MOCKOMBKY He NOSBOAOT YuECTS MoTpeGACHMe pata KOMM HeHTOB cpemlbl, a TAKKC BHUICHHT, KaKHe BeulecTBa O6pa MukpoOpraHMaMbl. VkasaHtHble HEAOCTATKH CBABAHEI ¢ TEM, TO CTAB ECTECTBEHHMX CPE OCH CAOKEH HM HEMOCTORHEH, [aK cylliccTBeHHO KONeGICTCR B 3ABHCHMOCTH OT BILLA cbipbst H cItO 6a npuroronneHust. 9To saMeTHO BINLIET Ha PoCT sitKPOOprAH Mos, EcTecraeHHile cpeitsi HCTOMSyIOT raBHibiM OGpAsOM HOMIEPKAHHA KYABTYP MUKPOOPTAHHSMOB, HAKONACHHA HX 6 Macebi H HaTHOCTHYECKHX teseH Cunmemuneckue — 910 Takite CpeAbl, B COCTAB KOTOPEIX BX ANT B TOYHO YkaSAHHBIX KOHLCHTPALLHAX TOKO HaBECTHEIe eckit UHeTHIe CoeaMHeHHs. CHHTeTHYECKHE CPEs OBIBAIOT MPO TIMI H 2OCTaTOIKO CAOXHIIMH TIO cocTaBy. Hx wHpOKO HerOl 6 er syor 21 HccrenoBaHKTt, peullecTB MIIKPOOpranM3MoB, Cyulecrayior it Tak HastiBaeMbIe mosycunmemuveckue cpcabi, orwocalliweest K cpeaan ¢ HeonpeereHHbIM cocTaBOM. B HK Ha- piuly € COEMINCHILANN HOBeCTHOI XHMMIYECKOIK MpHpOREL BxOUAT peuliecTBa HeonpenteretHoro coctasa, HanpuMep, 8 MacHoft Oymb- ol! Hapsly CO CHOXHBINAE M HEONpesIeAEHHBIMIE TIO XIMHECKOMY coctasy BeulecTBaMMt (McHOlt GynbOH) MoryT BXoMHtTS MenTOH, PmioKo3A HIM CaXApo3a, MlOBApeHHAs comb, cboctbar KANHAL; KApTO- enbHble Cpeab conepxaT rmoKosy M nenToH. ToryciHTeTHue- Cckile Cpe LLKPOKO HeOnB3yIOT B MHKPOGHaOFHMECKOMt NpAKTH- Ke UL OAYEHIS! BHTTAMUNHOB, aHETHGMOTHKOB, aMMLNOKUCHIOT W APYTHX MPOAYKTOB AKHSHENesTEMBHOCTH. MUKPOOPrAHHSMOB. Thuraresbubie cpetst MOryT GkiTe paanisHOlt KOHCHCTEHUME: ZXIUIKHe, IMIOTHBIC, TOMYARHUIKHE. Taomuwie numamessuwie cpedes vcrionssylor su yuera KOH ectsa GakTepiil, BBULeTeHN YNCTOM KYAbTYPMI MH ApyTHX ueneit. Takwe cpembt ToTOBAT 13 KMIKUX, XOGanraA 1,5—2,5% arapa HK 10—15% xenarints. TIpH MpHTOTOBNEHHH MOAYAWAKHX cpes. BHHO- ear 0,1—0,2% arapa. Aeap — 310 pacturenbHbth KOON, MonyyaeMbtll HS HeKO- ‘TopLIX MoPCKHX BoAOPOC-TeM. B ero CocTaB BXOAT rxaBHtbIM OGPa- 30M NONMCAXApHLABI, @ TAKKE HHYTOAHOE KOMMYECTBO aIOTHCTHIX neutecTs. BaInycKaWT arap B BIULe TLIACTIN, CTeGemLKOB, OPOMLKa. Bosuinticrio MikpoopraiiisMoB He McnombsyIor ero B KavecTBE cyGcrpara, H nosTOMy arap yaoGeH KaK MHepTHtsit ynIOTRURTeNb pest. Tewmeparypa nuagtenna arapa — 100°C, sarpepne- Banta — 40 °C. 2Keramuna — kent asotconepxauinit npoaykr, 1oGmBae- Muli pH BbiBapKe KocTeft, xpauttelt, cyxoxHAMH, YeMIyM PHO. 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YacrHupl mui © Gakrep) on AeHICTBHEM CHLTBI THXECTH OCeNAIOT Ha NOBEPXHOCTD NAIOTHK mitrarexbHtoit cpenst, Hepes 48 4 muKyGaumn mpi 28-30 °C ime Gaktepsit OGpasylot Ha epee KOON, KOTOPHIE. MK MoncanTar (cM. 5.1.1). Tlockansky HeKoTOpHIe NiKPOOPTAHHt: PAIRMBAIOTEA MEsLTEHHO, OKONMATENBHO MONCHMTHIRAIOT KONOHI a S-e cyt, Ha mou 6 100 cv? sa 5 Minn ocaxaacter npuMey cTOABKO KiIETOK, CKONDKO Hx HaxomHTeR B 10.1 Boaayxa (0,01 3iai mioutat vaunkn TleTpH, MONO momcuNTATh KOH xnerok 8 1s poamyxa. Aaa stor Meno KoNOMNT, BUI pvamxe Terpu, oTHocsr x oGutelt rAoWaAH HaULKH, 3aTeM i cTuparor, cKOmbKO TAKKX KONOHHMH MOMecTHMIOcb Gbt Ha 100 w aatee — 8 1 M0 posayxa, Mpumep pacuera. B 45 xosonui, Trou sauxn (Rr) cocrasur 3,14 + 5? 18 Jlarce sHoxeuETEIBAIOT HHEO KAETOK Ha 100 eM? (PaBHOsHaNH 10 A, HAH 0,01 x0 wosayxay: 78,5 ew? noutyxa conepxat 45 KAeTOK 100,02» Soak 100 +45 sams 7 (xateroK). Taxii o6pas0M, B 0,01 2 posayxa HaxommTest S7 KACTOK, BL MP Wx Oy set » 100 pas Gomune ~ $700. B iiccnenyemsix noMeuterinax aurkst Ferpit ¢ arapom sysiie pasncutar mo 2—3. Tlocae noneveta KaroHMi B KAxKIOM YatLiKe pLIBONSTT HX cpemHee apMcpMeTMMECKOE sHaeHHE, Marepnanei # o6opynosanne Yacouute cTeK, minarent, a0xKit,owna, ereprimstte KonGH Ha 250 wa 0 100 ser n crepioiie npoGKH € 9 MAX noxoNPoROAVONL om, cTepILTE- bite revit Mopa a | st, Koni ¢ pemamterunt MILA, crepienae siaunkt letpit, MtKpoCKON He HeOGXOAKNOE LAN MHKOCKONMORAH 5.2. Bugenenne 4ncroli xynsrypel GaxtepHit Tipu wayyertin dbuawostoro-GHoxuamueckix ocoGeMHocTe!t 1 UIK- ra passirTust Gakrepuil, a TaKKE JLIM YCTANOWIEHHA HX BILTOHO! pieiaLtexHOCTHE HeOGXoANMO PaGOTATE c HHICTO! KY.ABTYPO!L MIKK- PoopranaMos, Yuemo Hasvinai0T TAKYIO KYALTYPY, KOTOpAA TO- AyMeHa M3 OANOM KACTKIE-M COePAHT MKPOOPTAHHIM! ONOrO iu. Buurencrite sucToit KyabTYPEI BKIMOMACT pM 9TaNA: Hoye Hive HaxonHTebHOMt KYABTYDHL, BbULEIEHHE NHICTOM KYABTYpEI, ON PeacstcHne ee 4cTOTE Jax noayweHNs HaxonNTesbHOH Ky.TYpsH OnIpereNeHHOFO Sica GakTepitii cHavana TOXGHPAIOT seKTHBHEE (H3GHPATETEEEIC) YoIOBHA cpeati, OGecrIeNMBAIOINE NPeHMytecTBEHHOE pasBHTHE Zaviix OakTepHil. 3aTeM 13 MecT OGHTAHHS, B KOTOPEIX Mpeotna- AaiOT npencraBHTEAM AANHOM TPYNMB, AeTAIOT MOCeB Ha COOTBET- EtuyIoIUyIo SeKTHBHTYIO (CeeKTHBHYIO) Cpeay. Unctyio KyAbTYpY NoTYaOT H3 ONHOF KNETKH ILIKE OTHER Holi xoonmM HaxonirenbHof Kyabrypsl. Bo wropow cayuae Ws MakonirreabHOH KYABTYpHI MOCAe CC PAIHERCHHA eTAIOT BHICEB Ha 9muioTHyto cpeay mo MeToay Koxa. Kaxkayio o6pasonaniuryioca ‘ino cHITTAIOT pasBHBuleftes H3 OHM KETKH TLaa mavienenWs M3 HAKONMTE:IBHOH KYABTYpM HETHIX Typ axpobnecx Gaxmepuii nexaIOT BEICeB Ha YauNKH TleTpH: COOTRETCTAYIOMLETO _paSBeEHHA OCTOPOKHO —pasMasEIBa1oT PHIBHBIM CTEKIHHBIM UINaTeTeM 110 MOBepXHOCTH. MOTH abi, Hlocie Hero STHM Ke MiNTATETeM NPOTHPAIT MOBePXHOCTD crenyiountx 3—4 wamex. Yaunkn Butepxupaior 8 TepmocraTe 2.20 7 cyt, Tak KaK CKOPOCTb pocTa paxmiHbIX MHKPOOPTaHH HeommHako8a. BoIpOCuite Ha HEKOTOPOM OTAAIEHINM OF APYTHX Ki OHHH OTceRAOT NeTAe!l B NPOOMPKH Ha NoBEPXHOCT® CKOUIE} RAOTHoMt cpeabt HAM B xkMLAKYIO cpeay. Biice 13 HaKOMTeHOM KYALTYPIL MHIKPOOPraHH3MOB, HocaULIXCK K haKyrmamuendim a9pobam WK dpaxyasmami ‘anaspoGam, 10% MOYEN HSOAMPOBAHBKX KOAOKI esANOT ToNOM FAYOHHHOTO MocesA B NPOGHPKH CO CTOAGHKOM cTepI ro arapa. [Lia 9Toro CTepiLABHOM HTTOHt Gepyr “HCTYIO KysIbTyPY KONOHM, OHOBPEMEHHO BBIKHMAOT MpOGKY, OGKHTaKOT TPOGMPKH, epAA €€ BHEPX AAHOM, M Has FOpeAKOML AETAIOT Ht poKaw 10 ana. Buutererime sHCTOM Ky-IbTypEL anaapobus4ex Gakmepuil 10 ‘roy Koxa #osMoAHO TO.IBKO pH OrpannYeMm socTyNa KM JA, BMACTHOCTH MPH MHIKyGaLLMHt B aHtagpocTaTe. ‘Yucrory KyabTYpH OnpexeAMOT MHKPOCKOTIHpOBAHHEM napara. Marepnansi x o60pynosanne Coeaxne nowennie npoSw n cTeKIANHEX GanKX, MOGM NaHOSA ML o3nolt 00K, NpOGH HOmH, HACODLE CTEKAA, OKKH AMOMIMHENbe Me HAM MUNATeAN, MMHUETH, SECM, PasHORECKL, CTEKARHHBE HIM snveckie 61oKcti, KONG Ha 250 sur ¢ 99 Nex cTepHAEHION posOTIpO oa, npoGupxu ¢ 9 su1 CtepHLISHOM BononpOROANOM ROMs, CTepHM miner Mopa na Isa, mpoGupxa co crox6uxom MITA (7/; oGxewa crepuimneie samen TlenpH, cTexsiorparpet, poasHan Gans, GywaacHsie erst; Maki Fletpit © nocepom, ayn, souxpocKonA, HEA, NpOG co cxourentiuim MITA X nce HeoOxomiINOe 2218 MHKPOCKONMpOBAMN. Unextndnkauna MMKPOOPraHH3MoOB 6.1. Mophonormueckne W KyMbTYPanbHile NPH3HOKH MAKpOOPraHHIMoB 6.1.1, Mop onormveckne npHsHaKH Tip onpeereriin pitta GakTepHit H akTHOMMeTOD yuHrTEBAIOT MopbonOrH¥eckHe, KYASTYPANbHKIe HM cbusHOOTO-GHOXHMINMECKHE NpHSHAKH, @ Y AKTHHOMMUETOR NOMOTHHTEABHO xHMITIECKHT CO- ctas KneTOMHOM CTEHKH Mopdoaormecknun npusiaxam Gaxrepwi cxyxar: dopa kcremox (WWAPOBHAHBIe, NATONKOBMAHBIE M H3BITEIe); Y MaIO4KO- BILMIHBIX OTMEYAIOT (POPMY KOHLI KACTOK (BOTHYTHE, SAKPYTICH- Hble WIM YeeHeHHWe); KIETKH MOTYT OBIT OMMHONHEIC, COEAHHEH- ble TIOMAPHO, B LEMIONKM HUH B BILE TIaKETOB; paaneped Ki2eMIOK B MuKPOMeTpax (MKM) (MlonepedHoe CeHeHHe, ATMHA NATOYKH, JHa- MeTP UapoBHULHBIX ¢OPM); crocobuocm» K cnopoodpaxosanuio pacnosoxenue # Kremxax cnop (GauwuLIpHOe, KIOCTPHANATHOE H TMieKTpHAMaMbHOE); MaMauE KancyA M KaemowNeEx exaoNenuit, cno- coOnocms K douenUiO M mun aKeymuKoBanuA (ORME TYTHK — MO- HOTPHX, MYYOK -AFYTUKOB Ha ORHOM KOHE — sOXpOTpHX, y'KH XIYTHKOR Ha OGONX KOHUAX KIETOK — aMipsTpHx, nO Beef O- BepxHOCTH KneTKH — epHTPHX); oKpacka no pany M Kucaomoye~ moiweocm. K Mopdoxormveckum mpxaakam axraHomnueTos oTHOCAT o6pasosanue eemeaiuecoca Muyeaua. Y oTAeTBHBIX NpescTasHTeeM Ol MOX€T GAIT ONEHD KOPOTKHM HUI XOPOUIO pasBHTBIM, sHa- MeTp ero BapbupyeT B mipexesax 0,5—2 MKM (OGuINHO MeHeE I MxM). Muuemtit MoxHO HaGmONATE He BCera, TAK KaK y oT- AeHBHBIX POLOB H BHLOR OH AerKO (bpareHTupyeres. MHorna ‘bparmenrauns BexeT K O6pasoBaHMiO KOKKOBHIHBIX, Y/LIMHEHHbIX Han anebrepownHbsx KAeTOK. Ji HeKOTOPEIX AKTHHOMMUETOB xa- PaktepHo opmuposanue cnoponocues M chop Ha BOSIYLINOM HIM CyGcrparnow stattesst. Cnoporocust MOryT GbITb MpaNbe, JUIMH- MBE, pASBETANEHHEIC, KOPOTKHE B BILE KPIOYKOB WK cristpatelt, 8 MyroBKax, 81AKTHHOMMLeTE — TpAMMOTOKHTeABHBIE MIKPOOPraHHSME XOTs © HOSPACTOM KYABTYPHI OKPacka lo TpaMy MOXeT Mer Chea akTHHOMNMLIETOB ecTh KHCTOTO- Mm cruproycroivitn hiforna cnaGoKneroroycroitunte Brute. Town nce npescrats AM TPYNNb AKTHHOMHETOR — aapoGLI, 3a HEKMOYEHIHEM HeKO PBIX POLOB, BILIBI KOTOPHIX MOFYT GIT aHaapoGaMn HLA baKys ‘TATHBHBIN aaspOGaNtt 6.1.2. Kynetypansibie npnsHaxn Xapakrep pocra kyabtypit Ha MITB w apyritx akwAKHX cpesax KoxonMit Ha MITA i apyrix naoriix epenax (cyes10-arap, at sonaMHas CHHTeTHYecKas pela) — BAxHBIE cHcTeMATHNeCK pHaiakit MuNKPOOpraHitaMOB. TIpw passirnut xyasryps Ha xX MAKMX Cpeaax ores Xapakrep PasBirTH TLICHKH (TOHKAR, CYxA, CKAAMATA, Cm ice tBeT; HamHMe wyTH (cnaGax, yMepertas, cHrbaA); MPH ve, Xapakrep ocaaka (Gibb, MOTH, XTOMbeBHANEAH) A uper. Kyasrypatiie npisiiakn Ha naoTHMX cpeaax ayloute: dopa Kosionnit (puc. 10); npospure Konownit (PHC. 11); Koonnit (FaNKHi, BoAHNCTHMt, syGxarreA, onaCTHO, peck nopcucrsili, wetHucriili); paswepw (10MM Gone» anaMeTpe xpymas, or 1 110 10 — cpearsi, He npestimaer | wm — ToesHa noseprnocme (riwIKAs, MOPULAHHCTAX, WepoxoBaTas, cKAAMIATAA, 6 Heras); onmeveckue csoiicmaa nosepxwocmu (ripOspaAsHas, POC aloulas, Henpospatias, Gnecrauias, Marosas., ¢byopecuMpyto sem (rpasHio-Genbait, Genii, KezTBsHt, opartKenktit, CHPeHeBEIH, C uti, Kpactisti, Hepat HT. 2.); empyrmypa Konorit (os MenKO- HAM KPYTHOSepHNICTas, PAUINABHO WIM KOHICHTpHYECKH MepHCHH, MYNIICTas, TMEHYaraM, BpACKUONAN B arap, JIerKO CHE Narouuasies HraOll ¢ arapa); Kowcuemenun (MacamMucTar, Has, COWBHCTAR, CYXA, MMIOTHAA, CMETAHOOGpASHAA). Tipu mocese ykonom, Kora uray ¢ Kyasrypoit CTONONK arapa, OTMeNA@IOT MHTeHCHBHOCT pocra B nepxHeily cpeanelt WH HIDKHeft HaCTHX yKOTa, Tipu waysenum KoroHMA aK THHO MH Me TOI oGpaniaior ocoGoe BHHMAKE Ha Muemenm, BELICAREMBLIT B oxpacky eoxdyunoco n cyGempamnoco muueaua. 3Ha4eHMe W 82 ‘empyxmypa M Koncucmenyun KONOHML (NLAOTHAS, KOXMCTAR, NO- TIKOBHANAS, PLOUIAA), NogepxNocm’ KOTOHWN (MYMHHCTAR, My Pincraa, GapxaTHeTas) M sanax KonoHHit (seMINCTEH, odbupHBi, oppyxrostsit). ‘opa KooHHH suAKPOOpraHNsMoB: “epyraas 6 — xpyraaa € becToHwarlat KpueM; # — KPYEMIM € BLINKOM IO KPA 2.0 — piwonanie; ¢ — xpyraas c piovuyim kpaes; Xe — aMeGonnaa; 3 — HrTe- ruven; w — cxaasoara; X — Menpanwibuat, « — KOMUCHPHYECKAsT; W — NOAH 3alll ° » A is aa ty » ° ~” 3 Pue. 11. Tpoders KoroHiti muixpooprasitawon: 2 — woornyritl; 6 — xpaeposvumsti; « — Gyrpucrait; 2 — ppacrarouunit 0 — naceKni; ¢~ ssinykaed; 9¢ — xanutemuN; 3 — KonyCORIE 6.1.3. Onpenenenne xavecrsenhoro coctana MuKPOOpraHHaMoB Mo KYnbTypanbHbin M Mopiponornveckwa npHaHaKan Hs xaxaoil rpynnit KoxoHnit, wispocutux Ha TIOTHAX cpesax, ‘TOBAT Npenapat M ONpeaeAAOT MO copMe KICTOK, K KaKOMY. MuKpOopranHaMos oMit oTHOCsTEs Vs o6tmero 4cna MMKpoopraHH3Mos, pasBHBalOULHXes MITA, MOxHO BbUlcAHTb CreayIoUMe pombi: Pseudomonas, vobacterium, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Sarcina, Mycobacterium, imyces: mmm Poa Pseudomonas. Ha MITA witkpooprasiamat 9toro opmupyior KONONIN: Kpyrate, HenpaBHAHO! cops, ckHe Mi BKINYKNBIe, CAMSHCTEIe M acTOOGpasHiNe, Mpocnesnt ute, GecuBeTHe WIM TMrMeHTMpoBAHHBle (rpsx3HO-Gemnie, Hine, cHHe-3eneHLie, KpacHBie, xKesITHIe, Oypble H YepHbie). ‘XapakrepHas ocoGerHocre Mpeacranireseli poa — o BAHMe CHHe-3eNeHOrO WIM xKeNTO-seIeHOFO qulyopecuMpyIO! nuracnta. HexoTopole KoaOHMM yaaeTca HaGmoqaTs Tou B yabrpadnoneronuix ayuax. Y Apyrix BHR MurMeHTEL JU AMpyior 8 cpeay, OKpaullMBaa ee B COOTBeTCTBYIOUUMIL UBET. SORAHMe ONPeNeNCHHOTO MMIMeHTa 3aBHICHT OT CocTaBA M Peal pens. Kaerxut Pseudomonas patie w0K cera W0rHyTbIe, 4% © Sa0crPeHHBIMH KOHUAN, OHM pacronaratoTes! OKHOUNO, MIL WIM KOpoTKHMM teMOGKAMH. PasMepst KneTOK 1,5—4%0, Taka. erates a1 opraxiaMel np MoMouut 2KryTHKOB ( HOTpHXH wa a1ocoTpUXi), He OGpasyior YeXIOK; JIN HUX Hi BecTHbI cTamt noKos. Baktepus Pseudomonas — aspo6si, 84 paniaopoOHBIX YeIORNSX CHOCOGHEL HCHO.TESORAT LAM sbIXANHt fuetopoa HitTpaTos. KACTKH rpaMoTpHitaTeAbItbIe, Pog Flavobacterium. Ha MITA aior siinykane HH ¢21a60 puIrtyKABIE OKPYFIBIe KONOHMM aMaMeTpOM 2—3 MMC LlebHEIM xpaent, NAMIE HANKHE M GAECTAMLNE, NPOspaMble, KesTOrO BETA a ciet KApOTHNOHANAX mIrMeHTOR, me mudbysNpyIouX Dp cpeil, BCTPeMAIOTCR KEATOBATO-OPAHKEDHIE KOTOHH, MHOTIA 1 xpacitie. Kuerkit nasouxorinoit dbopast (0,5*1,0—3,0 xm) c 3a- KpyPICHHBINIT KOHLANIH, HeTlOBIDKHL. Pacriosaraiores ¢iaBo6aK- repli OANHOYHO, Mapanit HB RILLe KOPOTKHX HeHOYeK, MHODAA — ponte uur, Xapaxrepen saweakusarouuilce THN neneHHA, WM Cronune-mun OGOCOBACHA AeAIAMLNCS: KAETOK. Dutocop He O6- pasylor. Fpamotpmutarenbibie teem Pog Micrococeus. Ha MITA, Kak npabitao, oGpasyior Kaz10- Ht MesIKHX it cpemHHX pasMepos (anaMeTp 2—4 aKa). Koonin Noryr GhITS: MaToBMe, GecTAUIMe, MAcKAICTEIe; TaaKMe, BbI- ykinie, MOcKHe; 3epHHCTLe, MeAKOCKamaTBIe; MacToOGpasHolt JUIN COIBHCTOM KOMEHCTEHUMKL, MHOKA BeTpeHaIOTeA cyxMe TLIOT- ible; UBeT KOAOHL BOSMOACH Ceabil, cepLilt, PeExE KONONHH Gec~ Uetitbte, BeTpeYaioTeR GyponaTbte, OGLIHO — 2KeNTLIE, PovoBLIe jut Kpacnne. TurmeTat 8 cpeay we andxbyrianpyior. Kerk Menke (anaMerp 0,2—1,5 MKM), OmMHOHBIe, MoryT BerpeNaTbca apsi, Terpaabt WIM cKOrMIEHH HenpaBHABHOM dopwiut. Krerkit Henionminxiite, He OOpasylor s#uxocTOp. FpaMnonoxKHTesbHBIC. se Pog Sarcina. Kononiit cpestiix pasMepos; Kpyrtste, KOM Takruble, Buunykable, MockHe; mankHe, GyrpucrMe wT cKnaN- uaruie, sepHiteToit CTPYKTYPHI; MaTOBHe WIM -€HpHO-GrecrAULHE; Xeric, AHMOHHO-KeTHe, MHOPAA posoRKe, KpacHie, Genbie. Kaerxi ccbepnueckse (anamerp 1,8—3 mkM), cocamHeHt B naKe~ Ti. Taker oGueMumill — KYO, cOcTONT M3 8 KIETOK, MOCKOIKY OGpasyerea npn aeLeHME KAETKH B TPEX BIAHMHO TlepmteHURKy- 4apiteix neiockocTsx. Tox MMKPOCKONOM MaKeT BAIKAALIIET cocTOR- WIN its MeTHIpex KAeTOK (OnHA cTopora KyGa). Ecrb capumiti, YKOTOpHX nakeTM YAOKEHH YNOpsLIONeHHO MO YeTsIpe, M MOM Minkpockoniom OHM eMoTpATes KAK GORbUHE TIOKH, COCTORUNE 13 Neruipex naxevos (eM. pic. 4, k). Sm Pon Mycobacterium. Ornocurea K rpynne MuKo6akrepHit. Ha MITA wukoSaktepin pactyr MemIeHHo HIM Ove’ MemTeHHO. 85On o6pasyior MenKHe, KPYEAbIe KOMMAKTHME KOAOHM, HHO MpHnoansrbie; MaTKHe, MacTOOGpasHof HIM CAISHCTOM KOHC! Tenunm (pactexaiouinecn no cyGcrpary), Goisuot cyxe Kj imecs, Oyrpucrete ckramuaTHie; MaToBLie, GnecrauiMte, Geci Ble 1LTH OKpaulleHHble (PO3ORKIe, OpaHAeHHie, XETHIC, 3eNCH comme, Gypsie, sepHite). Tiirmert 6 cpeay He otuteamoT. M Mle KIETKM — BeTBHETHE WWI yrtoBarble ¢ HenpaBiLTbHt xontypamit (3,0—7,0*0,7 MKM); ¢ Bospactom y GombummnicrBa OB KIETKH PaCTAAAOTER Ha KOKI H MATOYKH. OGocobeHHe AAUUIXCH KIETOK NpOHCXOAHT nO cHoMMET-THny. Bosbu BHLIOB TpammronOxHTeTbHEIe. mmm Pon Bacillus. Tlanouxonnainte Gaxtepin, crocobtste sonbinart Gone wim MeHiee TepMoycrofiuMBbie chopEt. Bo opMuposarn cops MaTONKoBHUAHAs opMa KIETOK COX eres. Ho xapaxtepy pocta Kosontii Hia MITA (wi MIA + 10-arap) MOAHO MHOTA ONPEEANTS BILIOBYIO NpHHALICAHK Gaunt, Kaerkn rpannonoxsresbrbie. Aapodet. B. megaterium — semanas nax04ka (OT 2a. ferra — 3 nowpa). Koronnn riaakie, Geabie, Bbinykabie, xHpHO-Gnecrst peaKo — ckstaavarute (pic. 12, a); Kpasl KOnOHITI pesko O¥epy LAM BOAHHICTO-Gaxpomvariie. Cope opaIbHBIe HUI LILI ckHe, He LIMpe MaTepMHIcKOML KAETKH, B MoMepedHHKe OCT 2 mKm. [Lanta keto — 5—7 kw Mt Goatee (pic. 12, 6). B. subtilis (or nav. sub — pryrpy man nox, tilia — numa, ba, a6; Breppble BEUIeTeHA 43 ceHa) — ceHHAX nanO4Ka. HMMM CYXHe MemKOMOpUIMHMICTHe, GapxaTicTiie; GecuuBeTHBie PosoBHie; cpacTaloulmecs ¢ arapoM; KPafl KOON BOHMCTEAHL cnerka ponnuctail. Manouxit Koporkne ToHKite — 3—5X0,9 Cnopst onabstsie (0,9X0,6 MKM), PACTIOAOXKeHHt He CTPOTO te! Puc, 12. Bacillus megaterium. ‘@-— Koon sia MITA; 6 — xnieren anyxcyrosnolt xymirypu a MITA, 86 patito, Ha HeXOTOPHIX epexax — Grnxe K uewTpy. Kxerkn rom prixhine (MepHETpHXH). B. mesentericus — xaprorpeviias naxoKa, Haspanine cBsi3a- no ud ¢ Kaptombene, a ¢ KaprodembHOH GoxesHb10 x1eGa, KOTO- pow ota BbIseIBAeT. TlommaseTest KapTorbeTsHMaA TaTONKa Ha Kave- EmeiHOM MUCHO EGE (9epHOBOM, GapBIXHHICKOM) nps xpanicHHN €FO B TeveHWle HECKONSKNX AHeit B TenAOM MecTe MPH TOBLILICHHO RIAAHOCTH, BMISKIBAX paspymleHNe GenKoBbix Be- ects KpaxMaa. [Ip ee MHTeHCHBHOM pasoHTHM BHreLIHHe TpHsHaKH MAKHWIA HOMEHSUOTER: MpHt pasTOMe OH CTAHOBITES TA- TyWIM MTMNKHM, losBaseTes sanKIo-rHiulocrHih, HOTA € npuMecnio erankowaroro, sanax. Karon na MITA ToHKHe, cy- ue, MopULHHICTHLe, ceponaTo-Gemue. TIAIO¥KH TOHKMe, JVIMHHELe 1 KoporKite; noaminxnbte (3—10X0,5—0,6 MKM); MHOFIA OHM cO- equHeHM R LIMA HTH, Cnopnl oBaTBHBe H MpodonroBaTsIe (0,9-0,5 mx). Fp dopsnposannn cop xierKH He MetimoT Ma- ovkonitanoit dbopstit. Mpopacranie tnop 9kBaTOpHamHoe B. mycoides — rpuGonwuas maiovKa. OSpasyer KaxioHmM, anosumaiomine poct rpGa: PHSONAHBIE WIM MHIEEDILUHLe, CTe- aioulnees No MovepxnocTn arapa. Tlysks Hire OTXORAT OT Kpast Komori, Coutanat HOLUOSHIO PETBTEHHA; HUTH HGTHGAIOTCR Ha- Tpano H1H HaIeRO, OGpasys IpaBO- HLAM seBOBpauLaIOUMECs op- bi xononnii. Kaerext 8 nonepenmxe — 0,8—1,2 mem, no a1MHe sannemmocrn of cpeam — S—7 MKM, Nacto 10 MKM H Gone (pvc. 13). Urroraaava naxyonanponana, ¢ rpaHyiaMM sanacnsox Irarenbithix newect, opmni noxsicAHBe (nepwTpHXH). BH ineer saoro BapwanTos. KCTKM rpaNMOTOXHTeABHBIE. B. cereus (01 st. cera — pOCKOBOMI) — KOTOHHM BOCKOBHLA- line, TOICTINe, KOMMAKTHBIE, MATOBKE CO CKIAINATHIM UeHTpOM 5 Pac. 13. Bacillus mycoides: @— wononw ua MITA; 6 — xaevin tpexcyrooft xyasTyput ia MITA 87H PHQOMAHEIMIE DORHICTHIMH KPasIMIK; HHOTaa_MeAKOOYrpH ¢ GaxposarsiMit KpasiMit, OT KOTOPHX OTXORNT TOHKHE ci Ha Huei. Kaerkn Toactbie, AMaMeTpom 1—1,5 MKM, LAMHOiL 5 MKM, HHOrga H Gonee; OAMHOYHbIE HAM COeAMHEHBI B LEM Hutt. Cropbi opanbubie (1,2—1,5%0,9 Mm), pacnosloxkeHbt TepMuHambHO, npopacTaor HlonsapHo. B. idosus (or nat. idos — o6pas, Bu) — KONOHMH cyxHe, Tonble, TMIOCKHe, METKOMOPULAHMCTHE, JIErKO M UesIHKOM. € Maiouliecsi HrioH ¢ HowepxHocts arapa. Knetkit — TOHKHe oie nasoukit (2—3X0,6 MxM), MoaBIDkHBIe. Crops ORaTbHEIe, le OGpasyiores B LeHTPATbHOH 4aCTH KTeTOK. mmm Pon Actinomyces — ayanctae rpnGw. 3penbie Ki (7=14 cyt) oGsI4HO UepoXoBATBIe, PHIXTBIE MO TeKCTYPE, Gurr GyrpreTuie, cknaHarbie, GopoaaByariie C MYHHCTDIM Hi TOM; pASHBIX OTTEHKOB, cpacrawTes ¢ cyGcrparom # cocTosT HecenTHponanninnx seTaAIXCA ttTeH IMHO! 10—S0 MKM. 6.2. @snonoro-6noxwMnueckHe NPHSHaKH mukpooprannsMos 6.2.1. O6uyne caenenna Tipu mayen ¢isnomoro-GHoxHMtHveckix MpHaHaKOB Mit TAHHSMOB MCCHENYIOT: OTHOUEHHE HX K HCTONHHKAN yre] H as0Ta; MpOaYKTHH 2KNSHeMeNTeNBHOCTH, —_HaKANAMBAIOUUNK B cpexe (KHCIOTHI, CIMPTSI, rasbi); OTHOUIEHHE K KUC:IOPORY, ONAM HW APYTHM (bakTopaM BHeUIHe!t Cpest. Chemit GHoxHNHMIecKHX CBOHICTE Ky.ABTYPHI OCOGEHHO, onpexiestenne ee hepmeHTaTHBHoi aKTHBHOCTH. AKTHBHOCTs npomeds YCTAHARIMBAIOT: BO- Me P BEX, PAXAIOKEHMIO KEATHITL (MIPH STOM YIHTBIBAOT CKOPOCTD, Xa ‘Tep paxXiXeHHs Mp ykONe cronGuka xesaTHHB) (DUC. I BO-BTOPMX, MO CBEpTHIBAHIO H MeNTOHSAKHH MOOK, Te OTMeYaIOT KCTOTHOCTE NO HoKPACHeHHIO cHHeit 1aKMyCOBOIT MarH, OOpasoBaHiMe YCTOMYMBOTO CrYCTKA M KOFY.ARLIHO C ayoutell nenrorMsaunel, nenroritsauinio Ges npeapapitresbH (CDepTHIBAHKK, a TAKKE CKOPOCTE MpOHCXOAALINX HsMeHeHth, AKTHBHOCT auuaasee ONPENEASHOT 110 BERYMBE 30HBE 1 sa KPAXMaIa, ILIA Hero nesAKOT MpOGDI ¢ pactBopom Jhoroas 3—4-e eyr mocre NoceBa KYAIBTYpbr Ha KPAKMATO-AMNHAUHOM 88 Pwe. 14. Bapuanrrss paxxioxenst xenaTiihs AKTHBHOCTD wemolas6 YeTaHaRAMBaIOT No cTeneHH pacriaa joleiaTKH Ha cpene Terunticona; akTHBHocTs B-dpyxmodypanosu- dase (uneepma%sd) — no rHuIpOAMSY CaXapOsHI C NOMOMLBIO PeakTH- ‘na Deaiitra (iuenOAROMt pacTBOp Kea Mest), KOTOPBIIt OKHCAA- cr QIIETHAHBE COeAHHEHNA; MPH STOM OKCHA MeAH MepexoaNT BOAKHCh — MOSWIAETCH KPACHDIMt OCATOK; AKTHBHOCTH ypeasH — Ho HaKONAICHMIO aMMiaKa, Mertombaya peaxtHs Heccrepa; aKTHB- OCT sumpampedykmagsi — TIO BOCCTAHOBAEHMO HUTpATA (Ha Cpe ae Tivisras) 0 HIMTpHTA (HTPHT MpoRepAIOT B KMCHIOM cpese UMHK-HoA-KpaxMatom). Onin 13 BaXKHeMWHX MpHSHAKOD AKTHHOMHUETOB — cHtITeS Maur alrTHGHOTHKOB. OnpeneneHHoe sHavenHe HMeeT M oTHOMIEHKE STUX MiIKPOOPraHHSMOB K HCTOMHHKAM yrtepona. 6.2.2. Ormowenne x HcTouHNKaM yrnepona M as0Ta Yro6us yeranowi nocryMHBle MCTON HUKH yrzepo.a, roTo- IT octioanyn0 cunmemuveckyio cpedy, ConeprKALIyIO caemyIOUINe Be- luecrsa (r/a awerwamposanoit oak): (NH,) HPO, — 3,0; KH,PO, — 2,0; NaCl — 0,5; MgSO, +7H,0 — 0,3; CaCl, - 6H,0 — 0,1; FeCl, -6H,0 — 0,01. Kpowe toro, » cpeay axonitt cwece aus Poaiexenmoe no Pedopoey — 1 2, KoTOpas coaepsxitT (F/s1 aMETHLA- Muponarnioit oat): H;BO;— 5; (NH,);MoO,— 5; KI— 0,5; NaBr — 0,52; ZnSO, 6H,0 — 0,2; Al(S0,); — 0,3. K rorosoit simepansnoit cpeae no0amimor 1% verouHnKa Yerepora, OOwHO MoMBITABAEMBIE MeHTOSB! (apaGHHOsA, KCHLAO~ %), rexcoaul (FuOKOsa, seBy.1e3a, ratakTosa) crepweINsyIOT MpH 00 °C» xnnatiibHnKe Koxa; ancaxapiant (caxaposa, MaxbrO3a, axtosa), TionMcaxapwMst (MeKCTPHH, KPAXMALT, KeTHATKA), COMM OPranuieckwx KHesIOT (MyPABLAHIO!, YKCYCHO!L, MaccIRHOMt, sUTAp- HOH, uapeneBoykcycHoli, AGAONHOIl, BHHHOIt, MMOKHOM, mHpO- 89BiMorpaanoll, EMOKOHOROI!, camMLTONO!, GeHIORHOM, my Karexosoii), cnprbt (STHAOBHII, TAMUepHH, IPHTPHT, Malt AYABLIT), HPAL H YrTenONI cTepHANyIOT 8 aBTOKNABe 30 put 1 at. Tipu nenprranwH MCTOYHHKOB a30Ta B OCH MHHepalbHoil cpeme (octaT aMMOHMs 3aMeHsIOT AByX3aMet tia cbocrarom xarust (KzHPO,) 4 x cpene n0Gamimor 1% KO3bI WIM Apyroro foctynHoro yriesoga. B kavecrBe HC a30ra OGbITHO HCTONb3yIOT AIbOYMHH, TeMTOH, a TAKE acl THM, aHUUHEL APYTHe AMULHOKHETOTHL, MO“EBHHY, AMMA aM, COM @oTHCTO! H AZOTHOIK KHCAOT B KoMMecTHE 0,1——0, o6bema nurateabHoit xnakoctH. Jia BbinBIEHHs cnocobr MHKPOOPraHIGMOB YenanteaT MONEKYANpHBIM a90T 43TH Holl cpeai ucKMOUAIOT Ace CRSIaAMHIE bopMEL a30Ta guwrposanbnolt Gysaroii, eMoveHtioft auerarom cua), undas {fipo6a ¢ a20THCTO! KuCMOTO!), mumpum (ipoba c WHK-HOx- paxsidIOM B KiKCAIOML cpeste). PenykrasHiyio cHOCOGHOCTS KyABTYP puUIBISHIOT OGECHBCHNBANHEM MCTHLTEHOBOTO CHHCTO. 62.4. OrHowienHe K KHCNOTaM H wjenowan Ji DEMIBICHHA OTHOWCHNA MuKpoopranisMon K KHCAOT- HocTH MMTATENbHO! cpembi AOGaRANOT GytpepHBIe cMECH, MOA- jepXIIBAONE COOTRETCTAYIONIYIO PeaKIMIO cpestdi (pH 3,6—4 — utrparno-ocamniit 6ydbep; 4,5—9,2 — docebarutli 6yebep; But- ie 9 — Gychepusie emecn Na,CO, HCI 8 paainunix coornouie- nuax, a TaKKE NaOH i KjHPO,). Mocne 8—10 eyr suxy6aunn pi 28-30 °C no pocty KieTouHOM Macht YeTaHABAMBAIOT npe- eDHMIe IHAMEHHS KHCAOTHOCTH cpestst, MPH KOTOPEIX eItle BO3- MoxHo passitrHe Gakrepitit. Poct KieTONHO!L MaccEt MOxHO ole air» no OnTIMecKoit TuOTHOCTH Ha DKe. 6.2.3. Msysenne npoayxtos xnaHegesrensHocTH Tp nenonssonaHiit MuKpOopraHiGNaMH MCTONHMKOB JePOsa, B YACTHOCTH yreBONOB, MpOAYKTAMM HX 2H: TeNBHOCTH HepenKo ObIBAIOT ask, KHMCHIOTH Ht CIMPTEL. ‘Zan o6uapyxenusi 2az06 npAMeHsHOT NoCeR YKOOM B Bylo cpeay 8 npoGpxH. Mpa nosmtenitH rasos croNOMK arapa puinaeres. Henombsyiot TakXe -KIUIKYIO cPely ¢ MOTLIABKAMI, nageok nipexcraniiet coGoH HeGombuyIo ysKYIO I (3—4%0,5 ex), Ero onyckaiot nepx HOM 8 OOBIMHYIO 1 © XWAKOHt cpenoll, KOTOPAK MPH CTEpHINSALINH saTlOMHIET NK Bok. TIpH pasBHTHH MuKPoopraHNs\os, OGpasyIouLNX Tasks, CLEMHME BAITECHSIOT AWIKOCT 13 NOILIABKA. Obpazonanine kuctom Mp nlocene Ha cpemax, cosep, Yraenonbl, YCTAHARIMBAKOT NM NOMOWM WALLMKATOPA 6 Moa6nay, 2 HX KoHUecTRO — THrpomanne 0,1 H. pacTBOPON oun, TIpH HamHSI Mesa KHCHOTH CBASHIBAIOTER B KAILUME cOmM, KOTOPHIe MOKHO OOHAPYAHTE TOGaBTeHHEM K 5 MT 1 M41 KOHeHTPHpoHAHHOTO pactnopa oxcatara awmouns. B cyTCTBHH KHcAOT (HanpHMep, YkcyCHOMi) BLuTAaeT Get HepactBopHMBtit B BoA. OSpasonanne cnupma onpeneamoT TPM OTrOHKe YacTH crpara ¢ nocaeayioutelt npoGoit ta crMpT (PeakUNs! Ha omBA ono*opna). TIpoaykranit xusHestesTenbHOCTH MIKPOOPraHHSMOB Ha CIYNMBIX HeTONHMKAX a30TA NacTo GuiBAIOT: auauaK (1 © peaktusom Hecerepa), ceposodopod m mepkanman (1 90 62.5. Ormowenne x xucnopoay 06 omHoweKHH MuKpooprarHsMoB K KHeOpoay cyzT Mo pocTy KYISTYPAI MPH MOCeBe YKOTOM B pOGHKY c arapoBoit HLTH Kes1a- Tuwovoit cpeaoit. AspoGu passHBaoTeR B BepxHicit YacTH yKoa (Poct & Bune TBOIAA); hakysHTATHBHDIe aHa2PoGbI — paBHOMepHO Tio ncewy ykoay; aNaspoGkt — B HDKHefl ero YacTH. 6.2.6. Yeroimeocts k bakropam sHeuHen cpeaL Zum onpenenenns yeroliuupocr MuKpoopraHisMon K BMICO- KIM KOMMeHTPAMHAM COAeiL KYNBIYPY BHpAMMBAOT Ha Schonioit nutTarenbHoit cpexe ¢ AOGaBeHMEM NOcTyMHOTO HCTOY- inka yrnepona u asora, a Taxoxe NaCl win Na,SO, 8 pas KoH- Meirrpaiieax. Hocre wxyaum np Tesmeparype 28—30 °C no ETeNciN HaKONACHHA KICTONHOM MaceM YCTAHARANKAIOT oNTH- MaTKIILLe, MaKCHNATBHBIC H MMBMIMAIDHHELe KOHLLCHTpAUMH cont. JLui BiuABEHNE ycTOIIMBOCTH K TeMMePATYPe KyAbTY- Pi a murraresbHoit cpene (aye 2xHAKOH) NOMEMIMIOT B TOM TepMocrar mpi pasHsAx TeMMepaTypax. 3areM ro cTeMeHKt HaKoN- eh xreroUHOM Maccti, KaK MB MepBOM cAytae, BLIABAOT oM- MIMATLIC, MUMUMATHHMBE H MaKCHMANIBHe TeMTepaTypHt Aliatoruuito, cosaanaa cooTPeTETBYIOUNE YEnOBHA, O6HIapy- %sioaioT wae Apyrux ¢hakTopos BHEUIHeM Cpe Ha pasBHTHE MuxpoopransMon. 916.2.7. Hyncrantensnocts « ONTHBHOTHKGM M NKSOWAMY wuts ANGKOR, 3OHKL aMaMeTpOM 20 10 MM yKASKIBNIOT Ha MBLIyIO pCTBMTENBHOCTb, 3OHBI AMaMeTpoM 10 mH Gonee MM — Ha cpea- jhow if GOABIL'YIO HYBCTBHTEAIBHOCTS MHKPOOpraHHaMA x HeceAye- bint aTHOMOTHKaM. same Ornowenne mnxpooprannamos K aXTH6HOTAKOM NOxHO BMT Ha ATAPOBLIX MMIACTHHAX MeTOMAMH arapoBLAX O.10KOB, Xa HAM MeTOIOM uKhYpyIHH ANTHGMOTHKA & arap C puMeHEH GYMa@KHBIX ANICKOB. Meron araponux 610Kon sakniowaeres B ceayioULen: B xit Tetpit Ha araposyio mrratenbityio rycro sacest TeCT-OpraHHSMOM, MOMEULAIOT arapoBHIe GAOKH ¢ AHTHOHOTIKA Tpeanapirrenbio Ju nonyHeHis OOKOB c OTN BeLLLECTRAMIL NOBEPxHOCT THTaTeNBHOM pen, pemAIMAeHHOM UIA Bh UUMBAHHA NpOAYUEHTA ANTHOHOTHKA, BLICEBAIOT CrLIOMIHM nom cooTwetcTayioMtyio Ky.tbTypy. Tocne TOTO Kak MUKPOOPTa MBI pasOBBIOTCA M OGpasyloT aHTHGHOTHYeCKHe BeULeCTHA, éynaupyioume 8 romuy arapa (Gakrepun — tia 4—S-e 1pHGui — Ha 6—8-e, axrunonumerot — Ha $—10-€ cyr), rep HBIM MPOGOMKLEIM cBepHIOM BbIPESAIOT araposbie Gx0KH. TO OF NaHiH MKYGALBIM B TepMocTate, BPEMs KOTOPO! 3ABHCHIT OT CK POCTH pOCTa TECT-KYAIBTYDHI, BOKPYT araponbix GIOKOB ¢ aNTTHG OTHKAMH BOSHHKAIOT 30H, 8 KOTOPHIX oTcyreTHyeT Tecr-opranuawa, [lo amaMeTpy JOH cy;tiT O NYBCTHHTETDHOCT ‘TeCT-OpraHHSMa K TEM HULL HHBIM aHTHOHOTHKAM. Tipu wcnombsonaitin Mera mTpHxa Ha TtTaTeTEHOM Ara 8 wauikax Terpy no amametpy pbicenaior Kyabtypy mposyut antu6nornka. K siipocuiemy opranitsmy srioTHyi0 nioncen HepnenaANkyaapHo uITpHXaMM TecT-KyqéTypsi. HeyyncritTes jess OrHowiene MnKpooprannaMos « AMSOUKiy. lusoKUNe. — GeaKit-epMeHTAL ¢ AKTHGHOTHNECKHM eliCTAMEM, 1lIHpOKO pac- NpOCTPAEHHBIE B MUPE AMBOTHEN. OCOGEHHO MHOTO HX B CmIOHE (uanpiMep, ¥ cobak) w catesax (y YenoneKa). B KOHUeHTpauiN T\Kt/M1 ONM HMIPOAMSYIOT XiTTHIH H ero MPOHSHOMHBIe, Paspy- iuaiot KIeTONHBIe CTeHKH Gakrepuit, B YacTHOcTH stelicTHYIOT Ha MypeHl, M MlOSTOMY OCOGeHHO a¢ibeKTHBHO BIUGOT Ha rpaMro~ noxirreabuete Gaxtepun (Bacillus megaterium, Sarcina flava W xp.) ‘Morepxans oB0pynonanwe crite KymbrypH GaxTepnil Ha MITA, npoGupKH co croNGHKAMH wHICO- enronnoit xesaruxn (MIDK), npoGupkn ¢ -xWIKOR cpesiof (MITB) pasniuit xonuenTpauwanat NaCl, erepanbaie minerkst Mopa Ha 1 9, Gexrepnororuveckne ume, YauKH TerpH c naacruHam MITA, winaresnt TIpuransckoro, araposite G10KH ¢ AKTHHONMLETOM — MPoayLeHTOM aitTit~ GxoTHIKa, MPOOHPKH co CTepHLTEHOM ROOM, GyMaxHBe ANCKH, npomtTait- He pasHBINa aXTTHGHMOTHKAMH, K AHTHOHOTHKY TECT-KY-IBTYPHI PasBHBAIOTeH OT caMorO. n AITPHXa NPOsYUeHTa; HEM MYBCTBHTeENBHee TeCT-opranH3M K a jpeBpawjeHne GuoTuKy, TeM aastbilte OT uITpHXxA MponexoniT ero poct MMKPoopraHH3MamH Taw onpenenenna syncraitenbHoctt _witkpooprarti Beknaanaciiy k ANTHOHOTHKAM “aCTO MeOAE3yIOT MeTOX ANGyY3HN aRTTHG xa m arap c mpuwenennes Gymarcuarx awexon (cw. 15.4). Ox sa MQeTEH B CHTEAYIOWLEN: ONHY METNO MICTOH KYATYDLL MIKE MiMa BHOCHT B MpOGHPKY co cTepHLTBHOIL Boot. CreprUm umeTkolt HaocaT Ha nosepxniocrs MITA B siauixe Metpit 0,02 (1 xana) noxyyennoll cycrensii Ky-TbTYPHI H pastioMepHio P Ipexeasor ee unareneMt 110 HosepxHocTH arapa. Ha niowepxHoe aacesHHOrO arapa CTepHATBHBIM MMHLLETOM y MLIaMeHM packs lor JINCKH, MpOnWTaHEKe paaNHAIAOE aNTHGHOTHKAMN. “au (anepx aHoM) noMeuaor B TepMoctar npit 37 °C Ha 16—I8 4. Manepsrs auaMerp 3011 aatepaxkit pocra. Mitkpooprai BOKPYT AHCKOB ¢ AHTHOMOTHKAMH CIeayer ¢ yueTOM AsIaMETPOB & 2 OpraHn4ecknx BeuecTB 7.1. Bpoxenne 7.1.1. O6uyne csenenna MuxpoopraxiaMet 8 OcHOBHOM NlonyNaloT 9HEPrMwO NIpH BEICBO- SoxmteHii ce M3 Gesa3OTHCTEIX OpraHMYecKHX BeLtecTB. ToxKKO HeOonbusa Ux YaCTh MOET HCTIOALSOBATL COAHEYHYIO SHeprHWo TWH oHeprito OKHCAEHHA MMHepATbHBX CoeaMHeHMI, B saBucH- 93