Concrete Technology

Soil and Asphalt

Utility Basics Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Internal and external vibrators, inverters, trowels, wet screeds, rebar cutters

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Concrete technology
What is concrete?

Concrete a man-made (artificial) stone

Components a mixture of cement, aggregates and water and often ad-
mixtures (retardants, accelerators, plasticizers, etc.)
Hydration Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water due
to a chemical process known as hydration. The water
reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components
together, eventually creating a stone-like material.
Reinforcement Reinforced concrete is concrete in which steel reinforce-
ment bars (“rebars") or fibers have been embedded to
strengthen a material that would otherwise not stand the
tensile strengths.

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Why does concrete need to be vibrated?

Freshly placed, uncompacted concrete is

usually full of entrapped air bubbles.
Concrete will only achieve a high compres-
sive strength and density with minimum air
content through the use of mechanical
means, i. e. the introduction of high-
frequency (fast, repetitive) vibrations.
Only in this way can concrete meet today’s
requirements in terms of strength and
density.

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Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?

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What actually happens during concrete vibration?

• The high-frequency vibrations generated

by the vibrator are transmitted to the
components of the fresh concrete.
• Frictional forces between individual
particles are substantially reduced.
• A flow process is created.
• Air bubbles, excess water and paste
entrapped through capillary action and
surface tensions are released and
escape to the surface.

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Advantages of concrete vibration

• Greater density and homogeneity

• Greater compressive strength
• Greater durability (e. g. de-icing salt)
• Better bond with rebar, particularly in
densely reinforced sections
• Better bond between the individually
“wet” on “wet” placed layers
• Improved quality exposed (fair-faced)
surfaces
• Makes possible use of drier mixtures,
thus requiring less cement
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Concrete vibration: tips and tricks

10 x

• Know your effective compaction diameter:

For practical purposes and as rule of thumb consider the operating
diameter to be approx. 10 times the vibrator head housing diameter.

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Concrete technology
Maintain correct spacing when compacting large surfaces

correct

wrong

formwork
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Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls

• Internal vibrators with Ø 30 (1.2”), 38 (1 ½”) and 45 mm (1.8”) should not

be used due to poor or non-existing overlapping of the effective com-
paction Ø. This will lead to a faulty or uneconomical vibration process.

30 38 45 40 cm

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Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls

• For greater effective compaction Ø and for more convenient, economical

compaction (less insertions, less time) preferably use only
• vibrators with diameters 57 or 65 mm, provided the rebar allows it.
• The concrete will be compacted faultlessly thanks to the overlapping

57 65 40 cm

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Layer depths when vibrating fresh concrete

• Practical experience has shown that

evenly and horizontally spread
layers of

approx. 50 cm
(20”) thickness
provide the best results in
concrete compaction.

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 Concrete Technology

Utility
Internal Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
vibrators

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators

High frequency
IRFU IREN IRSEN IRSEN-FU

Ø 30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm Ø 30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm Ø 30, 38, 45, 57k + 57 mm Ø 38, 45 + 57 mm

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Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators

High frequency internal vibrators advantages

IRFU IREN

ƒ High, constant compaction performance

ƒ Practical handling
ƒ Long-lasting design
ƒ Nearly maintenance-free
ƒ Protective hose with extra lengths
ƒ Low weight

Ø 30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm Ø 30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm ƒ Wide product range

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Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators

Compressed air Modular system

PIR HMS

ƒ For occasional concrete applications

ƒ Excellent compaction performance
ƒ Needs a compressor to operate
ƒ Problematic operation during winter season

Ø 35, 55 + 75 mm ƒ Flexible through modular design Ø 25, 35, 45, 50, 55 + 65 mm

ƒ Attractive pricing
ƒ High flexible shaft wear
ƒ Uncomfortable handling due to rigidity of flex
shaft
ƒ High manpower costs

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 Concrete Technology

Utility
External Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
vibrators

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

External vibrators
usually are firmly attached to the formwork in
precast concrete factories or on job sites

The compacting energy

generated by eccentric weights is transmit-
ted from the vibrator through the formwork
into the concrete.

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Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

Application areas
• typically in precast concrete factories
• repetitive elements, such as prefab
columns, walls, beams, etc.

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Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

Application areas
• and on job sites for
• elements with compli-
cated designs such as
e.g. slanted surfaces
• very narrow elements
• elements with very
narrowly placed rebar
• elements with large
openings

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Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

Application areas
• modern applications with fair-faced quality
surface finish
• where a high quality of the surface is
demanded
• where no pockets with fines or air
allowed
• where consistent, fine-grained
surfaces required
• where individual layers should not be
discernible

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

ARFU 36
• flexible for individual applications

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

Hungary
• Köröshegy bridge, the longest interurban bridge in Central Europe

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Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

AR 36
• flexible for individual applications, here
“Rental”

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 Concrete Technology

Converters
Soil and Asphalt
Utility and Compaction
inverters

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters

1938
• Wacker is the first company in the world
to patent and introduce

65 V “safety voltage”

for internal and later external vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters

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Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters

Mechanical converters
• FU series, e.g. FU 4/200 -> 3,8 kVA
from 20,6 to 69 A, 42 V, 200 Hz output

Inverters (electronic converters) *

• FUE series, e.g. FUE 5/042/200 -> 3,8 kVA
from 6 to 145 A, 42 or 250 V, 200 Hz output

* available for all standard international input voltages and frequencies

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 Concrete Technology

Soil and Asphalt

Utility Trowels Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

Surface quality, hard and flat

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

First phase 1: Wet surface

Blade
Direction of arm Blades or floating
rotation pan (blade end)

Last phase: Plastic to hard

Blade angle= 0°

Blade
arm Combination or
finishing blades
Direction (blade end)
of rotation

Blade angle= 20 - 30°

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

Hand-held trowels Ride-on trowels Edging trowels

CT CRT CT

Troweling Ø - 36” and 48” Troweling Ø - 2 x 36”, 2 x 48” Troweling Ø - 24”

(915 mm + 1220 mm) (2 x 915 mm, 2 x 1220 mm) (610 mm)
Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine Drives - Honda 4-cycle engine Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine
- Wacker 4-cycle engine - Wacker 4-cycle engine - Electric drive
- Electric drive - B & S Vanguard 4-cycle engine Handles - 1 version
Handles - 6 versions - Lombardini diesel
Wheel set - integrated in CRT 36

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 Concrete Technology

Utility
Wet Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
screeds

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed

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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed

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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed

Wet screed
P 35

Blade lengths - 1,2 – 1,5 – 1,8 – 2,0 – 2,4 –

3,0 – 3,7 – 4,3 – 4,9
Drives - Honda 4-cycle gasoline engine
Centrifugal force - 7 settings

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 Concrete Technology

Utility
Rebar Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
cutters

Demolition

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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters

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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters

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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters

RCE 16/230 – 20/230 – 25/230 *

• Attractive, competitive price
• Fixed handle
Rebar cutters

• Only shearing head

• Pressure relief valve can only be opened with
separate tool (Allen key)
• Low operating weight
• High cutting performance Cutting Ø: 16 – 25 mm

RCP 12/230 - 16/230 – 20/230 – 25/230 – 32/230 *

• Patented features: Interchangeable head mechanism
• Various handles
• Complete product range for almost all the usual rebar
diameters
• Relief valve can be opened without tools (lever)
• High cutting performance Cutting Ø: 12 – 32 mm
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 Concrete Technology

Utility
Rebar tying Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
machine

Demolition

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Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

Rebar tying machine DF-16

• for the quick and ergonomic tying of
reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site.
The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a
stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.

• Tie-down performance up to: 1000 knots/h

• Min. outside diameter: 5 + 6 mm
• Max. outside diameter: 16 + 16 mm
• Min. clearance reinforcement : 15 – 20 mm
• Tie wires per wire strip: 77

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Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

Rebar tying machine DF-16

• for the quick and ergonomic tying of
reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site.
The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a
stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.

• Dimensions: 720 x 60 x 85 mm
• Weight: 2,2 kg

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On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

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On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

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On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

Tie-down procedure – Work sequence

Load tie wire Position Push Pull Finished knot Bending

1 2 3 4 5 6

Clearance under rebar: min 15 – 20 mm Always position unit vertically

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