IRC: 101-1983 MEMBERS OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS 6& STANDARDS COMMITTEE | 1, N, Sivagera ‘Addl. Ditostor General (Roads), Ministry of (Converor) ‘Surface Transport Roads Wing) 2. Arunachalam Chief Project Managet (Rowds), Rail todia Technical (Wember-Secretary) nd Beonmmiig Services Linnited, New Delhi. 2 P.Rama Chandran Chie Engineer, P.AV.D., Kerala 4, YP. Chetal hiet Engineer (Civil), N.0.M.C.« New Dethi 5. Dr, 5: Raghava Charl Head, ‘Transportation Engineering, Regional Engi- neering College, Warangal 6. 7 ALN, Choudhuri Chief Engineer, P.W.D., Assam NLM, Dange Director, Mabarashira Engineering Research Tnstitite | 8, NB, Desab Director, Gujarat Engineering Research Institute | 9, Dr. MP, Dhl Director, Central Road Research Institute | 10, 3. K, Dugad ‘Chief Engineer (Mechanical) Ministry of Surface ‘Transport (Roads Wing) i. D. P Gupte Chief Engineer (Planning), Ministry of Surface ‘Transport (Roads Wing) 12. Dr. AK. Gupta Professor'and Co-ordinator, University of Roorkee | 13. S. S, Das Gupta Se. Bitumen Manages, Indian Oil Corporation Lid. | 14. RB, A. Goo! Enginesr-in-Chief, Haryana P.WiD. B & R 15, Dre LsR. Kadivall 259 Mandakini Enclave, New Delhi-L10 019 16, V.P, Kamdar Scorotary to the Govt. of Gujarat, P.W.D. a7. BLK Lauria Chief Engineer (Roads), P.AW.D. B& R, Rajasthan 18, N. Ye Merant Secretary t6 the Govt. of Maharashtra (IT) B.W.D. 19. AN: Nanda Bngineor-in-Chief-cum-Secretary to the Govt. of Orissa, P.W.D. 20. NeBs Muthanna Egineec-iaChief, Madhya Pradesh P.W.D. 21. 7. K Natarajan Deputy Director, Central’ Road Research Institute 22, ¥,R. Phhull Depaty Director, Ceateal Road Research Institute 23. Y, Raghavan Engincer-in-Chicf (B&R), Andhra Pradesh P.W.D, 24. G. Raman Dircetor (Civil Engineering), Bureau of {ndian Standards 25, Ravindra Kumar Director, U.P, Research Institute 26, A. Sankaran Chiet Enginedt, C..W.D., New Dethi of, Dr. A.C. Sams Deputy Direelor, Central Road Research Institute 28, BK. Saxcua Chief Engineer (Roads), Ministry of Surface Trans+ port (Roads Wing) 29, N.Sen Chief Engineer (Retd,), 32-A, Chitranjan’ Park, New Delhi eee+ 101-1986 26/4 Mathur GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT WITH ELASTIC JOINTS Published by THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS Jamnagar House, Shabjahan Road, New Dethi-110 011 1991 Price Rs Rea, 39. (Plog packing & postige) rrIRC; 101-1988 GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT WITH ELASTIC JOINTS L, INTRODUCTION 1.1, Guidelines tor Design of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement with Elastic Joints prepared by the Central Road Research Institute were discussed and approved by the Cement Concrete Road Surfacing Committee (personne! given Gelow} invithelr “nieeting icllt:Luckatsw'on the ira Pewiuayy, 1985. KK. Nambiar + Convenor Y.R. Phuil Member-Secretary D.G.B.R. (Maj. Gen, 1.M. Rai) A Rep. of Cement Research Institute of India Director, U.P. P.W.D. Research Institute (P_D. Agrawal} Y Raghavan ly Engineer (Roads), Municipal G. Raman Corporation of Bombay. A. Sankaran D.G.AR.D.) =Ex-officio N. Sivaguru President, IRE Adviser, IRC Seeretary, IRE 1.2. These Guidelines were considered by the Specifiva- tions & Standards Committee in their meetings held at New Delhi on the 28th August, 1986 and 23rd April, 1987 and were returned back to the Cement Concrete Road Surfucing Commi itoc for further consideration. These Guidelines were then finsli- sed by Dr. M.P. Dhir, the present Convenor and Shri 8.8, Seehaa, the present Member-Secretary of the Committee. The document received trom the Cement Concrete Road Surtacing Committee was reconsidered by the Highways Specifications: & Standards Committee in their meeting held on the 25th April, [988 at New Delhiand approved, These Guidelines received the approval of the Executive Committee and the Council tn their mectings held on the 26th April and 7th May, 1988 respectively 1.3." The technique of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) obviates the need for expansion ang! contrac tion joints, thus permitting very long shub fengths with. impro-IRC : 101-1988, ved riding comfort and reduced maintonanee as compared to plain concrete pavements. Conventional CRCP requires relati- vely high percentage of steel of the order of 0.7-1.0 per cent of concrete cross-section. The technique of CRCP construction with elastic joints (CRCP-EJ) enables significant reduction in quantity of steel required (0.4—0,5 per cent) and also eliminates the ran- dom cracks which occur in conyentional continuously rein- forced conercte pavements, 1.4. The provision of continuous reinforcement in CRCP of the conventional type results in the formation of transverse cracks in the pavement which are held tightly closed by the steel without impairment of structural strength, ‘The closely held chacks ensure load transfer across the cracks through aggregate interlocking and also prevent the ingress of water and grit into the cracks. The width and spacing of such cracks are dependant on the amount of steel reinforcement provided. The greater the amount of steel, the closer is the spacing of the cracks and the smaller is their opening. An optimum amount of longitudinal reinforcement is called for so that the cracks are neither too widely spaced with resulting over-stressing af stecl, loss in Ioad transfer provided by aggregate inter-lock and accel- erated corrosion of steel; nor tao closely spaced so as to cause disintegration of the slab. 1.5. The elasti¢ joints consist of dummy contraction joints with the reinforcemen( continuous through them, ‘The reinforce- ment is painted with a bond-breaking medium over a specified design length on cither side of the joint groove to provide ade~ quate gauge length for limiting: the steel strains due to joint movement. A typical elastic joint for the solved example given in Appendix, is shown in Fig. |. 1,6, The use of elastic joints, apart from resulting in redu- ction of steel stresses by about 50 per cent and enabling the use of less quantity of steel, also preclude the'random cracking asso- Giated with conventional construction, since the weakened plane provided at such joints localises the cracking’ ‘The usual spacing of such joints works out to about 4 to 5 m. 2, DESIGN 2.|. Calculation for Steel, Percentage and Concrete due ta Continuity at ind Stresses in Steel jastic Joints 21. The continuity of steel at clastic joints leads to res- traint in the slab movement due to shrinkage and temperature 2IRC : 101-1988 GoNS3s YUHO! a1ise]> Jo SERIE “T “Fa 92 9 5 ww ot nema wou Mtene Teo STM ine asus tute die a VESLNO Gua seb aura Aton Tee _IRE 5 101-198 change, and thus induces stresses in both steed and concrete. However, if stecl is provided at mid-depth of the slab, as is the usual. pr no stress will develop in it due to wheel load and warping, 2.1.2. The stresses (duc to continuity of steel at elastic joints) in steel, (a), and concrete, (a1) in the vicinity of elastic joints may be calculated from Eisenmann equations which are given below + 300 4 Ao Ba. Ev) kalen? mays con e7) inlet where Coefficient oF thermal expansion of concrete per °C! fy = Difference between the mean temperatures of the slab atthe Girne: DP construction ancl he cosklest period in °C. At = Maximum tomperaturs differential between Lop and bottom of the Shab, Notes While finding out the: temperature stréss-at the ede, IRE: Wer ioas Fecommends definite values oP (emperature diteren~ Tit indifferent states. of india, This diferential has been Gesignated ase in IRC: 58-1988 and is different ftom Ave inigh ie used in this textfo. designate temperature difference (Nuseen the mioimam of minimums and the mean tempera fire at the, lime of construction, Ap is nol a function of Gia ‘hickaess whereas Ae the temperature differential Gepends-on the thickness of sbab fr Slab thick ness fi em, Ke Modulus of elasticity of eonerete in ktlent Ey -« Modulus of clasticlty of steel in kafem™ fa = Crosssection of steel in | mn wth of the slab in en 1 = Ratio off free, umbondéd length of the steel to the slab length Between iyo consecutive elastic joints. ide The charts in Figs. 2 and 3 show steel and concrete stresses per °C of AZ for sivel percentage range of 0.1—0.6 and for aati, 1 range of 0.1—0.4, The steel stresses so determined Should not excced the permissible value of 1400 kg/cm?, The conerete stresses are additive to the Joad and temperature warp- ing stresses and are required to be taken into account while designing the pavement. The transverse steel may be taken as 25 per cent of longitudinal steel. - 4kgfem* per “C of AT vm IRC 101-1988 a 7 a ts d= Ratio of unbonded length of stvel fo spacing of elastic joints Fig, Design charts for calculation of stresses in steeli" EE i i IRC ; 101-1988 Er o ° Yoo set oul & a so 2 z cua 2 oul 3 oe P| zed ie ee ea ou | om ae — hae aA | j =Ratio of unbonded length of steel to spacing of elastic joints 3, Design charts (or ealculation of stresses in consreteIRC: 101-1984 2.1.4. The provision of steel enables some increase in the effective slab thickness and its continuity at elastic joints provi- des additional load transter over and above that provided by conventional dummy contraction joint, At the same time, the Percentage of steel is. small enough not to induce any restraint to bending of the slab at elastic joints due to ellect of wheel load and temperature warping, 21,5, While in CRCP without elastic joints the permissible stress in steel is 2800 kg/cm? (isc, the stecl is allowed to be stre= ssed upto the yicld point), the permissible value in CRCP with elastic joints is restricted to 1400 kg/cm? only (i.e, normal work- ing stress in steel used in conventional structures). The lower permissible stress in steel in CRCP with elastic joints ena- bles taking advantage of the efféctive increase in concrete slab thickness due to. provision of sieel, while the permissible yield Stress limit in steel in the case of CRCP without elastic joint Precludes sach increase, 2.2. Design of Slab Thickness 2.2.1. Initially, the thickness of plain cement concrete pavement should be worked out as per IRC:58-1988, While working out the thickness, the additional concrete tensile stress should be accounted for as indicated in para 2.1.3, « The effective increase in slab thickness due to provision of steel reinforcement may be worked out by using Mallinger’s chart given in Fig. 4, The equivalent CREP slat thickness “may then be calculated by reducing the thickness calculated in para 2.2.1, by the amount of the effective increase in slab thickness using Fig..4 the average of stesl in longitudinal and transverse direction may be taken. 2.2.3, Outline of design procedure } Sten Assume a thickness amd examine wheel foad and tempers: Hire Siresses as per IRC:58- 1088. Slep 1: For & proposed value, chdose x steel percenlage from Big, 2 ‘auch that: the steel” stress within ihe pertesikle sebic Caloulate the concrete. siress. trom Fig, 4 In ealeulating hese stresses. the “ordinates are. to be toultiplied by the forresponding value of 1,28 applicable tothe’ particular jocation.fective slab thickness (per coat Steel each way (per cent area) Increase in ef IRC: 101-1988 ray= YS =— 7 0 Fig 4. Mallingsr’s eluury showing the effect of reinforcement on rigid pavements Step Hl: Add the concrete stress calculated in Step 11 to the walue ‘oblained. in Step f and the. final total stresses should be Within The Aegutral sirengih of concrete. The trials may be repeated till the assumed thigkness in Step f meets the requirement. Stp IV: Caloulace: the eToptive increase in slab thickness due to provision of reinforcement as_ pet, Fig. 4 (vide para 2.2.2.) Brel reduce the thickness obtined in Step 1 Co aeroun “or An. illustrative example is-given in Appendix. 2.3. Cement Concrete Mix Design The mix should be designed on the basis of absolute yolume method as per IRC! 44-1976 “Tentative Guidelines for Cement 8IRE; 101-1988 Conerete Mix Design”, The flexurat strength of concrete at 28 days in the field should not be fess than 40 kg/em®. 3. MATERIALS 3.1. Cement Should conform to [8 ; 269 1976 or IS ; 8112-1976. 3.2, Coarse and Fine Aggregate _ Should conform to 1S : 383-1980. 3.3. Steel The diameter of steel bars should be so. choosen as to keep the spacing, between bars around 25 to 35 cms. Steel should conform to IS : 432 (Part 1)-1982. 3.4. Water Water used for both mixing and curing should be clean and free from injurious amount of deleterious matter and should conform: to IS: 456-1978. Potable water is generally considered satisfactory, © 4. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 4.1, General The construction details are the same as in the case of plain cement concrete pavements (vide IRC : 15-1981) except the following. 4.2. Constructi 4.2.1. Elastic jofuts: ‘These are dummy type joints which should be induced at regular intervals simitar to that for dummy contraction joints, The joint grooves may be formed as in the case of conventional dummy joint, and filled with scaling com= pound, Alternatively, bitumen-coated plywood strips of 5 cm width and 3 mm thickness may be inserted therein. On. either side of the clastic joint, stee! should be coated with bitumen for a length of 1/3-L/4 joint'spacing in order to break the bond of steel with concrete and to provide greater length for clongation ; ofthe steel due to joint opening for reducing the stressin the reinforcing steel f Joints ; 4.2.2. Expansion joints: The expansion joints are provi- 9 —_—_—_—————IRC : 101-1988 ded only at the ends of the CRCP-EJ sections and there is no need of providing these joints in-between. The width of such expansion joints is kept upto double that of conventional con- crete payement to accommodate the greater end movements. Details of these joints should be as shown in IRC: 15-1981, 5. REINFORCEMENT ‘The steel mats, assembled at site, are placed over suitable chairs at mid depth of the slab before ‘concreting is done. The bars should be continuous across elastic joints and any construc- tion joints. Wherever overlap of bars is required, a minimum overlap of 30 diameters should be provided. Such overlaps should be staggered. It should also be ensured that ne avertap of steel bars are provided at the location of elastic joints,IRC; 101-1988 004g Hae Appendix AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF DESIGN OF SLAB THICKNESS 1. Design Parameters : Location of Pavement + Delhi Design Wheel Load, £ 5100-kg Present Traffic Intensity 2 300 -vebyday Design Tyre Pressure, p {12 kglenat Foundation Strength, k 2 6 kgjem* | ‘Concrete Flexural Strength, fy 40 kajem* | lem® | Ee = 3.0 + 10° kg Les 10s lo-ye At = 14:3°C apainsé thickness of 25 em ! 2. Design Procedure : Step: Assume A = 25em, spacing of elastic joints = 4: | As per IRC : 58—1988 ole kgjom* ] ote ~ 15,50 kglenit @ Total = 34.00 kg/em* Stepll; Fory = 033 and ay = 20°C Fm O64 per cent (Steel reinforcement) From Fig. 2, 0+» 56 x 20 = 1120 kgjem?* < 1400 kgiemt \ OK | From Fig. 3, v6 = 0.235 < 20 -« 4.7 kgjemt | Step IIT: From Step 1 total « = 34.00 keglerit 4) From Step UI o¢ = 4.70 kg'emt ° Tout 9 = 38.70 kgfemé, say 39.00 kelom® } ‘The tolal stress 39.00 kg/emt* is less than the flexural strength of concrete 40: kg em* and therefore the thickness of 25 em is 0.K, Step 1V = Average steel reinforéement (Pav) = RE 2 ON S000 gas pen tt |= IRC: 101-1988 Feom Fig. 4, for rev = 0,259), the effective increase in slab thickness iH%, Reducing the thickness proportionstely 25 bem Pay = 2.08 em Design thickness of pavement slab — 19 cmTRG ; 101-1988 LIST OF OTHER STANDARDS, GUIDELINES AND SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO CONCRETE ROADS Price per copy lL. IRC: [5-1981 Standard Specifications & Code | of Practice for Construction of Concrete Roads (Second Revision) 16-00 2. IRC} 43-1972 Recommended Practice for Tools. Equipment and Appliances for Concrete Pavement Construction 12-00 | 3. IRC; 44-1992 Tentative Guidelines tor Cement + Concrete Mix Design (for Road | Pavements for non-air entrained ang continuously graded concrete) (First Revision) 8-00 4. IRC: $7-1974 Recommended Practice for Sealing of Joints in Concrete | Pavements 3.00 5, IRC ; 58-1988 Guidelines for the Design of Rigid Pavements for Highways 16-00 6 IRC; 591976 Temtative Guidelines for the Design of Gap Graded Cement Concrete Mixes for Road Pavements 5-00 7. IRC; 60-1976 Tentative Guidelines for the Use of Lime Flyash Conerete as Pavement Base or Sub Base 5-00 8 IRC: 61-1976 Tentative Guidelines for the Construction of Cement Concrete Pavements in Hol Weather 5-00 9. IRC: 68-1976 Tentative Guidelines on ‘Cement Flyash Concrete for Rigi Pavement Construction ' 6-00, 10. IRC: 74-1979 Tentative Guidelines for Lean= Cement Concrete and Lean- Cement-Flyash Concrete asa Pavement Base or Sub Base #500 (L. IRC ; 76-1979 Tentative Guidel for Structural Strength Evaluation of Rigid Airfield Payements 10-00IRC 101-1988, 12. IRC: 77-1979 Tentative Guidelines for Repair of Concrete Pavements Using Synthetic Resin 15-00 13, IRC: 84-1983 Code of Practice for Curing of Cement Concrete Pavements 8-00 | 14. IRC : 85-1983 Code of Practice for Accelerated | Strength Testing & Evaluation of Concrete for Road and Airfield | Constructions 8-00 15, IRC :91-1985 Tentative Guidelines for Construc- tion of Cement Concrete Pave- ments in Cold Weather 8-00 } 16. IRC: SP-11 Handbook of Quality Control for Construction of Roads and ! Rumways (Second Revision) 32-00 1%. IRC: SP-16 Surface Evenness of Highway i Pavement 7-00 1 18 IRC: SP-17 Recommendations about Overlays ! ‘on Cement Concrete Pavements 15-00 1% MOST Handbook on Road Construction Machinery (1985) 32-00 20, MOST Manual for Maintenance of | Roads 24-00 Be MOST Specifications for Road & Bridge Works (Second Revision) 80-00— — a 30, a 22, 33, 34, a5. 36, 3% 38, 29, 40, a 42. 43. 45. 46, Maj. Gen, M.S, Gorn Prof. C.G. Swaminathaa RAP, Sikkea Dr. N, S. Srinivasan. M, M, Swaroop ‘A. Venkatarangaraju S. Venkatesan ‘The Director ‘The Chief Engineer A Bepresentative of A Representative of IRC ; 101-1988 Director General Border Rosds Retd, Direstor, Centeal Road Research Institute Chief Bogineer (T&T), Ministry of Surface Trant- Port (Roads Wing) Executive Director, National Transportation Plan- ning and Research Centre Director (Boge), Jiipur Development Authority Director, Highways Research Station, Madras Superintending Engineer (Roads), Minisiry of Surface ‘Traprport (Roads Wing) R & B Research Institute, West Bengal Conetete Association of India, Bombay Indian Road Construction Corporation Limited, New Delti ‘Department of Environment & Forest?, New Deiht CORRESPONDING MEMBERS: LN, Narendra Singh Road Engineer, IDL Chemicals Ltd, New Delhi AvT, Petal M. B. Jayawant Tho President ‘The Director General ‘The Sccrotary Chairman & Managing Director, Appolid Earth ‘Movers Py Lic, Alimedabad ee Synthetle Asphalts, Bombay Indian Roads Congress (ii. Mathotra), Secretary tou. Govt, of Rajasthan, PW,D. =Ex-officio (Roat Development} & Ackil, Secretary t A. of Tadie (i. Ke Sarto) Sr Tete Indian Roads Congress (Ninan Koshi) © —Ex-officio