4.2.1 Hot relied erctiona In these sections residual stresses ate, due to the cooling proces which follows the hot rolling, of a thermal nature and their @intribution can be afterwards modified by straightening, @ mechanical Process. Consider the cooling process of a hot rolled t profile (Fig. 4.78). Starting from the end rolling teuperature 7, , equal to approx. 600°C, differences in temperature of the variols parts of the cross section begin to take place. The most exposed parts (flange edges, -web) cool faster than the other parts (flange tn web Joints), which are better protected thermally, At an intermediate phase of the cooling (7,). am the tendency of the colder areas to shorten is hindered by the warmer areas, a longitudinal residual stress intribution arises as shown in Fig. 4.7D. ” c— Reouecn @ tension © compression Pig. 4.7 At this point, the warmer areas cue to the compressive strest imposed on them by the contraction of the faster cooling areas, undergo plastic strain. ‘Tis reduces the residual stress already induced, as shown in Fig. 4.7¢ for an internediate temperature (7). ‘The complete cooling of the moat exposed areas prevents contraétion of the still warm fibres, which therefore underyo plastic deformation. Consequently, once the cooling 1s complete, the first cooled areas are in compression, while the Inet are in tension, a2 ahovn in Fig. 4.74.