START OF PATENT

Note to reviewer: Please make sure that element 5 in the question “asking me to
describe the relationship between components” references figure 2-c, not 2-b.
The Binary Format of the Zero Set Matrix is element 5 figure 2-c.

Author: Mike Ternoey

*Step 1 - 2: These elements begin the process on the next page. The first element is a (el 1) bill
of materials, and the second element is an (el 2) inspection scan of the database that
corresponds to the subassembly in the bill of materials in the database. Figure 1-a, 1-b
*Step 3: Each image in the CAD Database is scanned, and then an (3) adjusted frequency score
is produced. Example: Item 001 is seen 4 times in the CAD database. (Figure 2-b below)
*Step 4: If the image contains a balloon item, that is NOT in the B.O.M. for this design variation,
then it is set aside in the Zero Set(el 4). Example: Item 021 is not in this B.O.M., so it is put in the
zero set for this image. (Figure 2-b below)
*Step 5: After all of the images are scanned, the balloon items that are NOT in the B.O.M. for
this design variation, is inserted into the Binary Matrix under the header Zero Set Variation.
[Red Portion of figure 2-c.]

*Step 6: Transformation to a Binary Matrix [Yellow Row, fig 2-c]. The items in the B.O.M. are
sorted according to frequency of occurrence in the CAD database [Brown Row, fig 2-c].]. Here,
below, you can see how image 1 is inserted into the binary matrix. This becomes (el. 5)-element
5 – the Binary Format of the Zero Set Matrix. This process is repeated for all the scanned images
– [figure 3a].
*Step 7: Calculation of Volume (The Volume Score, el 6):
Volume = Sum Product of the Binary Matrix Row and Volume Row

“Figure 2- d.”

The volume of an item in the B.O.M. is simply the number of parts or elements in the
subassembly pertaining to a balloon item in the CAD Drawing. It’s default value is 1.

*Step 8: Calculation of Rareness (the Rareness Score, el 7):

RARENESS: The number of times a ballooned item appears in all the images (frequency) in an an
installation in an assembly group.
 ( ΠAfi ) =¿ The Product of (All of the Frequencies of the Items that DO APPEAR in the image.)

( ΠB ( Nu mImages−fi) ) =¿ The Product of ( Nu mImages−fi),

…for all the frequencies fi that DO NOT appear in the image,

…where Nu m Images=¿the number of images in this subassembly.

( ΠAfi ) ( ΠB ( Nu mImages−fi) )
RARENESS of An Image= ¿
[ number of images ] [number of items]
*Step 9: This process is repeated for every image. Step 4 – 8 is repeated for every image in the
assembly. The above picture is simply the template of the matrix, when all the images are
combined. Figure 3 – a, 3-b.
*Step 10: The set of images from the database that contains every balloon item referencing the B.O.M.,
but contains the least number of balloon items not in the Bill of Materials is computed, and this
corresponds to the set of images with the smallest Zero Set (Combined). Figures 3-a, 4 – a, 4 – b, 4 – c.
This is (el – 8), element eight, the second most important product of this process.

*Step 11: The images from part 6 are scored, and sorted, according to the “Rareness Function”.

*Step 12: The most ubiquitous items are placed first into the rarest images they can be placed in
without, violating the maximum number of parts per image determined by the user.

*Step 13: If the image contains too many parts, then the image is duplicated.

[Copy Every Step Below Up Here – For Patent Format]

Figures 1 - B.O.M. and Inspection Scan
Element 1: Bill of Materials of Subassembly

Assembly Occurrences in
Vehicle Installation Description Balloon Item Volume
Group CAD Database

      Pump Clip 001 4 8

      Brace Assembly 002 4 3
      Panel 003 3 4
      Tubing 004 4 2
      Clips 005 3 6
      Attachment 006 3 7
      Tubing 007 2 8
      Clips 008 1 2
      Bolt 009 1 4
      Fixture 017 2 6
      Oil Lubricant 020 3 2
Hydraulic
      021 4
Pump 6
*The volume column represents the number of elements of the subassembly below this level of
the Bill of Materials. It’s default value is “1”.

Figure 1 - A
Element 2: Inspection Scan
Images (Installation Sheets)
Image Image Image Image Image Image
001 002 003 007 005 006
001 001 002 001 001 002
002 004 003 020 004 020
003 005 007 021 007 021
006 006 006 002 008 005
017 020 009 003 017 004
021 021 004     005
         
           
Figure 1 - B
*Step 1 - 2: These elements begin the process on the next page. The first element is a Bill of
Materials (1), and the second element is an inspection scan of the CAD database (El 2)that
corresponds to the subassembly in the bill of materials in the database.

Figures 2– Creating the Binary Zero Set Matrix [Part A]

Occurrences
Balloon in
Description Item CAD Volume
Database
Pump Clip 001 4 8
Brace
002 4 3
Assembly
Panel 003 3 4
Tubing 004 4 2
Clips 005 3 6
Attachment 006 3 7
Tubing 007 2 8
Clips 008 1 2
Bolt 009 1 4
Fixture 017 2 6
Oil Lubricant 020 3 2
Hydraulic
021 4 6
Pump
2-a. Bill of Material (for Subassembly)

*Step 3: Each image in the CAD Database is scanned, and then an adjusted frequency score is
produced. This resorts the B.O.M. according to frequency. Example: Item 001 is seen 4 times in
the CAD database. (Figure 2-b below)- (El 3)
*Step 4: If the image contains a balloon item, that is NOT in the B.O.M. for this design variation,
then it is set aside in the Zero Set. Example: Item 021 is not in this B.O.M., so it is put in the zero
set for this image. (Figure 2-b below) – (El.4)

2 -b. Inspection Scan of a Single CAD Image Corresponding to this B.O.M.

*Step 5: After all of the images are scanned, the balloon items that are NOT in the B.O.M. for
this design variation, is inserted into the Binary Matrix under the header Zero Set Variation.
[Red Portion of figure 2-c.]

Figure 2- c. Transformation to Binary Format of Zero Set Matrix

*Step 6: Transformation to a Binary Matrix Row [Yellow Row, fig 2-c]. The items in the B.O.M.
are sorted according to frequency of occurrence in the CAD database [Brown Row, fig 2-c].].
Here, below, you can see how image 1 is inserted into the binary matrix. This process is
repeated for all the scanned images.

Figure 2- c. Transformation to Binary Format of Zero Set Matrix (El. 5)

*Step 7: Calculation of Volume(el 6):

Volume = Sum Product of the Binary Matrix Row and Volume Row

“Figure 2- d.”

The volume of an item in the B.O.M. is simply the number of elements in the subassembly
below. For example, it is the number of parts referred to by the item. It’s default value is 1.

*Step 8: Calculation of Rareness (el 7):

RARENESS: The number of times a ballooned item appears in all the images (frequency) in an an
installation in an assembly group.

( ΠAfi ) =¿ The Product of (All of the Frequencies of the Items that DO APPEAR in the image.)

( ΠB ( Nu mImages−fi) ) =¿ The Product of ( Nu mImages−fi),

…for all the frequencies fi that DO NOT appear in the image,

…where Nu m Images=¿the number of images in this subassembly.

( ΠAfi ) ( ΠB ( Nu mImages−fi) )
RARENESS of An Image= ¿
[ number of images ] [number of items]
 “Figure 2- e.”

Figures 3– Creating the Binary Matrix [Part B]

3–a

*Step 9: This process in step 6 is repeated for every image. Step 4 – 8 is repeated for every
image in the assembly. The above picture is simply the template of the matrix, when all the
images are combined. Figure 3 – a, 3-b.

[SEE EXAMPLE NEXT PAGE]

Figures 3– Creating the Binary Matrix [Part B]

Figure 3 - b

*Step 10: The set of images from the database that contains every item in the B.O.M., but contains the
least number of items not in the Bill of Materials is computed, and this corresponds to the set of images
with the smallest Zero Set (Combined). Figures 4 – a, 4 – b, 4 – c (El. 8).

*Step 11: The images from part 6 are scored, and sorted, according to the “Rareness Function”, (el 7).
*Step 12: The most ubiquitous items are placed first into the rarest images they can be placed in
without, violating the maximum number of parts per image determined by the user.

*Step 13: If the image contains too many parts, then the image is duplicated.

Figures 4- Calculating the Combined Zero Set

  Inspection Scan   Adjusted Frequency Score
  Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Image 7   Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Image 7
  001 001 002 001   4 4 4 4
  002 004 003 020   4 4 3 3
  003 005 007 021   3 3 2 4
  006 006 006 002   3 3 3 4 
  017 020 009 003   2 3 1 3 
  021 004      4 4 4   
021

Figure 4-a THE TRANSFORMATION (with 4 of the six images illustrated)

As seen in red highlights, item 001, appears in the frequency score as 4, because there are 4
other images in this section of the CAD database with a ballooned item 001. This section of the
database hosts other design variations.

  Inspection Scan   Adjusted Frequency Score

Image
  Image 2 Image 3 Image 7   Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Image 7
1
  1 1 2 1   4 4 4 4
  2 4 3 20   4 4 3 3
  3 5 7 21   3 3 2 4
  6 6 6 2   3 3 3 4 
  17 20 9 3   2 3 1 3 
  21 21 4      4 4 4   

Zero Set 21 21,20 21,20   21 21,20   21,20

  Inspection Scan Frequency Score

  001 4
  002 4
  003 3
  006 3
  017 2
  021  4
Zero Set 21 4

Figure 4-b The Zero Set (for a single image)

The Zero Set for image 1 is 21, because ballooned item 21 is not in the B.O.M. for this design
variation. The Zero Set for Image 2 is [020, 021] because these items are not in the B.O.M. for
this design variation. Therefore, if the computer chooses these images to use to describe the
vehicle in some way, the combined Zero Set is [020,021].

Figures 4- The Combined Zero Set

  Inspection Scan
  Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Image 7
  1 1 2 1
  2 4 3 20
  3 5 7 21
  6 6 6 2
  17 20 9 3
  21 21 4  
Zero Set 21 21,20   21,20
Figure 4 – c

Examples of Combinations of Zero Sets

 Zero Set (Image 1 AND Image 2) = [21,20]

 Zero Set (Image 1 AND Image 3 = [21]
 Zero Set (Image 3 AND Image 7) = [21,20]
Claims
By “inspection scan”, it is meant a list of ALL the descriptors found in the ballooned items for a single
CAD image, that help identify the parts in the B.O.M. in this particular sub-assembly of the BOM. The
descriptor is usually a number, such as “001”, or “002”, found inside a “balloon” during the “inspection
scan”. An inspection scan of a CAD data base image will return a list of items found in the balloons in
that CAD image. A “balloon item” is a bubble or tag that is attached to CAD Drawings in most CAD files.
Inside it is a number, usually from 1 to 100. The B.O.M. bill of materials for a vehicle or piece of
equipment will be segmented into sections, or subassemblies, that will be assembled in the proper
order during a build. The “particular bill of materials” refers to the list of parts for a specific design
variation. For example, the particular bill of materials for Vehicle 1 of 3, a set of Vehicles in a program in
a vehicle project with similar designs. And an assembly, or subassembly, is a common term that is used
to segment the BOM, into shorter lists of parts. OPTIMAL SET OF IMAGES REPRESENTING A DEFINED
SECTION OF A BILL OF MATERIALS IN A CAD DATABASE is the set of all images that contain all the
“balloon items” in the B.O.M., that also contains the least number of “balloon items” not in the
B.O.M.

1. INSPECTION TRANSFORMATION:
The transformation of the inspection scan (for a single image) from a list “ballooned item”
numbers to a list of frequency scores. Each part in the B.O.M. is also mapped to its frequency
score in the CAD database, in the section of the database, that references a part of the B.O.M.
So, if a balloon item, say “001”, occurs five times in that section of the database, then a part in
the BOM that references it receives a frequency score of 5. HOWEVER, if the item is in this
section of the database, but it is NOT in the bill of materials for this particular design variation, it
is recorded, and placed into the image ZERO SET.
[Figure1-a, 2-a, 2-b]

2. The ZERO SET score determined for each image, from this subassembly, in the particular Bill of
Materials.

The zero set contains the “balloon items” in a CAD Drawing that is not found in the Bill of
Materials for this assembly referenced.
[Fig(2- b)]

3. The BINARY FORM of the ZERO SET MATRIX (2-c) for a single image.
4. The BINARY FORMAT of the ZERO SET MATRIX including all images, from a defined section of the
BOM. (3-a)

5. The set of images selected for discussing the relevant subassembly, pulled from the bill of
materials for this specific design variation, with the smallest COMBINED ZERO-SET. This is the
same as, “The combination of CAD images, that contain ALL the “balloon items” that reference
the parts in a defined section of the B.O.M, AND CONTAIN the least number of “balloon items”
NOT referencing parts in the defined section of the Bill of Materials.
Figure (3-a, 4-a, 4-b, 4-c)
 SCORING OF IMAGES IN THE ZERO SET

6. The RELEVANCE score for each image. The percentage of ballooned items in the image that are
in this particular B.O.M. for this design variation. Figure 2- a.

7. The CLUTTER SCORE for each image. The number of balloon items in the image. Fig 2-b.

8. THE RARENESS SCORE

Fi Refers to the number of times a “balloon” appears in the set of images for a given assembly
or subassembly of the BOM.

( ΠAfi ) =¿ The Product of (All of the Frequencies of the Items that DO APPEAR in the image.)

( ΠB ( Nu mImages−fi) ) =¿ The Product of ( Nu mImages−fi),

…for all the frequencies fi that DO NOT appear in the image,

…where Nu m Images=¿the number of images in this subassembly.

( ΠAfi ) ( ΠB ( Nu mImages−fi) )
RARENESS of An Image= ¿
[ number of images ] [number of items]

[END]
Check that legal zoom has 2-c for the binary format of the sero set matrix.