Issue 練習

Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing

fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.

P
1.rights 2.potential 3.pursue happiness
N
1.lack of information 2.waste resources

The statement assumed that students should not study what they are not capable of.
However, I suggest that when students know the field clearly, even if the educational
institutions think they might fail, they still have rights to study the knowledge, which
they are interested in. The responsibility of educational institutions is to explain the
whole picture of the field as clear as they can.

Students have the rights to gain knowledge. Although they may not be so good at
that field, they still want to take part in the field. Thus, we should not refuse them to
take courses they want. Someone would state that students may be too young to
decide their future. Or they just temporarily have passionate to pursue this field of
study, they are not sure about the challenge they will meet. So educational
institutions have the responsibilities to tell them the true circumstances, leave the
decisions made by themselves. If they have eager enough to fulfill their purposes,
they will choose to face the challenges and take response of their choice.

The argument seems to assume that educational institutions have the ability to judge
the potentials of students concisely. But people are limited to consider things in a
perfect way, everything always has its counterexample. For example, students who
have the potential of music might not be recognized by a music teacher in school.
They may show their talent in a new trend of pop music while teacher assess them
with a traditional music background. This will cause many talented students giving up
halfway. On the contrary, student shows his talent in counting at the early stage
cannot promise to study more deeply in the advanced theory of calculous. Moreover,
the common practice for assessment of student’s ability is by examination. This is
also a way with many uncertainties, because people who is familiar with doing exams
doesn’t guarantee to be the one who will success. Skills of doing tests sometimes
affect more than knowing the full concepts, which means that students do not really
need to understand the subject thoroughly but still get high score.

Some may claim that if we don’t dissuade some students who are incapable of a field
study, there will be many educational resources wasted. Then I would like to discuss
the ultimate purpose of education and learning. Learning should be a joyful process,
and to gain knowledge makes human get a sense of achievement. Therefore,
education simply transfer the knowledge to students who have the will to learn. For
example, chasing the mystery of life may be one’s purpose of taking courses. Even
they cannot understand philosophy very much, but they still feel satisfied to receive
some principles of living. Preventing students from the field they are not good at in
order to use educational resources more effectively may confound the true meaning
of education and take away students’ passion of gaining knowledge.

To include, by the above discussions I suggest that educational institutions should let
students feel free to choose the field they want to study. In addition, they need to
make sure the information is clear for them. Dissuading students to avoid failures is
not their responsibility. Sometimes it would only constrain the development of
students and reduce their passion to learn things they are not familiar with.
People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with
the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing
and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement
might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your
position. (11)
+ surviving(egoism) restriction
- Will to do good, by their preference

I believe that forces must be an unneglectable factor that influence people’s behavior.
However, we still have freedom to decide how to react to the circumstances. Therefore,
people’s behavior is also determined by their own making. Both factors play important
roles in people’s behavior. We can’t partially regard each one as the main reason that
affect one’s decision making or behavior.

Human are weak, thus we must live a way that can adapt the environment around us.
According to the weather, landscape and resources, people have different styles of
living. People who live by the ocean more often eat fish and other seafood than people
who live by the mountain. Restrictions exist in every aspect of life for a human who
want to survive the different harsh environment. By many years of development,
though the technology conquer many restrictions, something roots in their blood. That
is why there are so many cultures on the earth, representing diverse human behavior
and habits. For example, when you consider sending a clock to your friend as a birthday
gift, Chinese people may feel offended. Because sending a clock also represent the
circumstance, that somebody have passed away. Therefore, Chinese people tend not
to choose clock as gift by a cultural habit. Beside of cultural effect, people who share
the same culture have different behaviors as well. Each individual grows up in different
backgrounds, each background build up a way to living just like human adapt to
different environments. People from a family in poverty has one kind of attitude to
deal with money, while rich people act another way. These are originated from human
nature to survive and be egoism. We might not notice, but these forces build up our
behavior naturally.

However, even there is some influence made by forces, we still have freedom to
behave by our own will. Although you were born in your original culture, you can
choose to experience other life style. By learning different languages, tasting exotic
dishes, you can decide to react to the same things more diversely. For instance, there
are students in Taipei who are afraid of learning, because the burden of entering a
good university is heavier than the happiness of gaining knowledge. But one day they
have a chance to exchange some concepts with students from other countries which
encourage students to learn in a happy way. They may find the passion to learn things
again and change their attitude. Thus, outward forces combined with inner decision
can help them build up new kind of behavior to face the school.
To conclude, I would like to state again that forces and peoples own makings are
essential. No matter how outward forces happen to us, we have our human right by
using our will to choose a kind of way to behave.
Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their
natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain
your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your
position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the
policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.

正
1.潛在益處 2.拯救環境
反
1.有經濟的需要 2.貧富

When the world noticed the devastating impact human did to the earth, most of
nations proposed the demands to protect the environment as possible as they can.
However, the statement seems to suggest all the nations should preserve any
remaining wilderness areas by laws, and I think this is unfair to some of nations in
poverty. Therefore, I recommended that most of the developed nations should pass
the laws to keep the remaining wilderness in their natural state. In other hand,
economic activity should only be limited in the developing countries.

Preserving the environment is on the first priority with no doubt. Since the industrial
revolution, climate and habitats on the earth endures a large transformation. In
order to improve the life quality, people consume all the natural resources as they
can. As a result, millions of creatures extinct, many forests are now covered by
concrete, and oceans are full of plastic garbage. Most of impacts above cannot be
reversed. It seems that the only way to save the world is to cease all the human
activities, even eliminate all the people. There was video shows that if one day all the
humans are disappear suddenly, that is not the end of the world but the resurrection
of the earth. Therefore, I consider the legislation in the argument as the most
effective way to make the earth green again.

Nevertheless, if we simply hold back every economic activities related to

environment, people in some regions could not make their livings. Especially the
poor people in undeveloped countries like Ethiopia. Most of people in Africa remain
their traditional life style. Hunters seek their food in wildness area and kill animals
normally. The food supply must be preserved for them to protect their basic human
right. Moreover, when they need to pursue a higher quality of life, some industries
sprout. It is sometimes inevitable to affect some wildness areas. If the UN, which is
mostly empowered by other countries with hundred times wealthier than Ethiopia,
forces the country to cease their development. I think this is really unfair. Because
during the 19th century, when these developed countries eager to industrialize all
their land as they can, the pollutions were everywhere. And now they shouldn’t let
the countries undeveloped to take all the responsibilities to protect the wildness.

According to both reasons mentioned above, I suggest we should only make some
restrictions for undeveloped countries to avoid them from the fault made by
developed countries before. The degree of restriction should correlate to their
circumstance. In the other hand, developed countries with few wildness remained
should put effort in recover the ecosystem and stop all the possible destruction of
the habitat. Pass a law to preserve all the wilderness area might be a proper solution
for them.
In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution
without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or
disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you
take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in
which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these
considerations shape your position.

+
Theory, redundant, accumulative data
-
Creativity, talent, cross field

The statement simply assert that if one will make a significant contribution in a field,
he must first be strongly influenced by past achievement within that field. However,
that seems to be too arbitrary, because there would always be some special cases.
Since the nature of different fields differs, coming up with a new idea to success
might be unpredictable. Below I would like to propose some cases and fields as
examples to show how creativities and talents induce big success.

Imitation may be a good way of learning knowledge. And most of time when we do
research work, the first step is to review other’s works and try to imitate their
research method. Nevertheless, after studying and repeating the imitation, one
hardly jumps out of the original frame made by the precedents. For example, genetic
algorithm is a popular optimization method introduced in 20th century. It was
invented not according to the conventional iterative algorithm but origin in the
biographic concept of evolution. People who study in this field and follow the
concept always make merely a little improvement but still remain obscure. After
many years, here comes a break out which is known as neural network, a more
effective algorithm used to optimize the artificial intelligence. Again it break through
the old concept without any shadow of the previous one. Both impressive algorithms
came from ideas in other field like evolution and neural system. Creativity is
mysterious, thus only people whose thinking are not restrained by the past
achievement can create novel invention.

It doesn’t mean that the past achievements are worthless. Most of achievements in
fields like physics and chemistry should base on the fundamental theories. The break
out of new technology always bases on precedent technologies. However, fields like
art or design closely depend on creativity. Therefore, being inspired by the past
achievements is not necessary for producing a significant contribution. For example,
some styles of drawing are considered weird by publication while they was
presented. These styles are different from other drawings at and before that time. It
may be impossible to decide whose works influence the out-coming of these unique
art styles.

According to the above arguments, I would like to conclude that even though most of
success might stand on precedents’ shoulders, there are still some untypical cases.
Someone who plan to make a big contribution in the fields which highly rely on
creativity should jump out of tradition. Inspiration by other’s work in the same field
is not the only way to become successful.