Weight of sample , g

Time, h 30C 40C 50C 60C

0 100 100 100 100
1 96 92 88 82
2 92 84 76 65
3 88 76 64 52
4 84 71 54 43 MR= Wtime / Winitial time
5 80 67 45 37
6 77 63.5 37 32
7 74.5 60.5 32 28
8 72.5 58 29 25
9 71 56 27 23
10 70 54.5 26 22
11 69 53.5 25.5 21.5
12 68 52.5 25 21

Time, h 30C MR Cal MR MR-Mrcal RMSD K

0 100 1 1 0 0.03754
1 96 0.96 0.963156 9.957511E-06
2 92 0.92 0.927669 5.880771E-05
3 88 0.88 0.893489 0.000181958
4 84 0.84 0.860569 0.0004230864
5 80 0.8 0.828862 0.0008330077
6 77 0.77 0.798323 0.0008021876
7 74.5 0.745 0.768909 0.0005716474
8 72.5 0.725 0.740579 0.0002427089
9 71 0.71 0.713293 1.084311E-05
10 70 0.7 0.687012 0.000168688
11 69 0.69 0.661699 0.0008009224
12 68 0.68 0.637319 0.001821627
0.0059254417 0.0213495482

Time, h 40C MR MR CAL MR-MRCAL RMSD K

0 100 1 1 0 0.06622
1 92 0.92 0.935925 0.0002535986
2 84 0.84 0.875955 0.0012927759
3 76 0.76 0.819828 0.00357941
4 71 0.71 0.767297 0.0032830034
5 67 0.67 0.718133 0.0023167609
6 63.5 0.635 0.672118 0.0013777629
7 60.5 0.605 0.629052 0.0005785037
8 58 0.58 0.588745 7.648294E-05
9 56 0.56 0.551021 8.061422E-05
10 54.5 0.545 0.515715 0.0008576325
 11 53.5 0.535 0.48267 0.0027384177
12 52.5 0.525 0.451743 0.0053666007
0.0218015636 0.0409517198

Time, h 50C MR MR CAL (MR-MRCAL)^2RSMD K

0 100 1 1 0 0.146274
1 88 0.88 0.863921 0.0002585454
2 76 0.76 0.746359 0.0001860798
3 64 0.64 0.644795 2.29907E-05
4 54 0.54 0.557052 0.000290757
5 45 0.45 0.481248 0.0009764612
6 37 0.37 0.41576 0.0020940155
7 32 0.32 0.359184 0.0015353865
8 29 0.29 0.310306 0.0004123532
9 27 0.27 0.26808 3.685714E-06
10 26 0.26 0.2316 0.0008065598
11 25.5 0.255 0.200084 0.0030157643
12 25 0.25 0.172857 0.0059510854
0.0155536845 0.0345895543

Time, h 50C MR MR CAL (MR-MRCAL)^2RSMD k

0 100 1 1 0 0.180024
1 82 0.82 0.835251 0.0002325787
2 65 0.65 0.697643 0.0022698984
3 52 0.52 0.582707 0.0039321757
4 43 0.43 0.486706 0.003215614
5 37 0.37 0.406522 0.0013338394
6 32 0.32 0.339548 0.0003821056
7 28 0.28 0.283607 1.301224E-05
8 25 0.25 0.236883 0.000172053
9 23 0.23 0.197857 0.0010331892
10 22 0.22 0.16526 0.0029964735
11 21.5 0.215 0.138033 0.0059238486
12 21 0.21 0.115293 0.0089695069
0.0304742952 0.0484166971

TEMP,t k lnk t kelvin 1/t K

30 0.03754 -3.282339 303.15 0.00330 0.15669
40 0.06622 -2.714770 313.15 0.00319
50 0.146274 -1.922271 323.15 0.00309
60 0.180024 -1.714668 333.15 0.00300
1/t LNK
0.003299 -3.282339
0.003193 -2.71477
0.003095 -1.922271
0.003002 -1.714668

55 AT 55 ͦC
Time, h WEIGHT MC MR MR Cal
0 100 0.8 1 1
0.1 98.44534 0.796841586 0.984453 0.9844534438
0.2 96.91486 0.793633295 0.969149 0.969148583 0
0.00295 0.003 0.00305 0.
0.3 95.40817 0.790374338 0.954082 0.9540816601
0.4 93.9249 0.787063915 0.939249 0.939248976 -0.5
0.5 92.46469 0.783701214 0.924647 0.924646889
0.6 91.02718 0.780285408 0.910272 0.9102718142 -1
0.7 89.61202 0.77681566 0.89612 0.8961202223
0.8 88.21886 0.773291118 0.882189 0.8821886389 -1.5
0.9 86.84736 0.769710916 0.868474 0.8684736437 f(x) = − 5569.234333
R² = 0.96560058663
1 85.49719 0.766074175 0.854972 0.8549718694 -2
1.1 84.168 0.762380002 0.84168 0.8416800012
1.2 82.85948 0.758627491 0.828595 0.8285947757 -2.5
1.3 81.5713 0.75481572 0.815713 0.8157129805
1.4 80.30315 0.750943753 0.803031 0.8030314528 -3
1.5 79.05471 0.74701064 0.790547 0.7905470792
1.6 77.82568 0.743015414 0.778257 0.7782567946 -3.5

1.7 76.61576 0.738957096 0.766158 0.7661575816

1.8 75.42465 0.734834689 0.754246 0.7542464698
1.9 74.25205 0.73064718 0.742521 0.7425205346
2 73.09769 0.726393542 0.730977 0.7309768974
2.1 71.96127 0.72207273 0.719613 0.719612724
2.2 70.84252 0.717683683 0.708425 0.7084252244
2.3 69.74117 0.713225325 0.697412 0.6974116518
2.4 68.65693 0.708696559 0.686569 0.6865693024
2.5 67.58955 0.704096276 0.675896 0.6758955141
2.6 66.53877 0.699423344 0.665388 0.6653876666
2.7 65.50432 0.694676616 0.655043 0.6550431798
2.8 64.48595 0.689854929 0.64486 0.6448595142
2.9 63.48342 0.684957097 0.634834 0.6348341695
3 62.49647 0.679981917 0.624965 0.6249646845
3.1 61.52486 0.67492817 0.615249 0.6152486359
3.2 60.56836 0.669794613 0.605684 0.6056836384
3.3 59.62673 0.664579987 0.596267 0.5962673437
3.4 58.69974 0.659283011 0.586997 0.5869974399
3.5 57.78717 0.653902385 0.577872 0.5778716512
3.6 56.88877 0.648436788 0.568888 0.5688877371
3.7 56.00435 0.642884878 0.560043 0.560043492
3.8 55.13367 0.637245291 0.551337 0.5513367443
3.9 54.27654 0.631516644 0.542765 0.5427653567
4 53.43272 0.62569753 0.534327 0.5343272246
4.1 52.60203 0.61978652 0.52602 0.5260202763
4.2 51.78425 0.613782162 0.517842 0.5178424726
4.3 50.97918 0.607682984 0.509792 0.5097918055
4.4 50.18663 0.601487487 0.501866 0.5018662985
4.5 49.4064 0.59519415 0.494064 0.4940640059
4.6 48.6383 0.588801428 0.486383 0.4863830121
4.7 47.88214 0.582307752 0.478821 0.4788214313
4.8 47.13774 0.575711527 0.471377 0.471377407
4.9 46.40491 0.569011135 0.464049 0.4640491116
5 45.68347 0.562204929 0.456835 0.456834746
5.1 44.97325 0.555291239 0.449733 0.449732539
5.2 44.27407 0.548268368 0.442741 0.4427407468
5.3 43.58577 0.541134591 0.435858 0.4358576529
5.4 42.90816 0.533888157 0.429082 0.4290815674
5.5 42.24108 0.526527287 0.422411 0.4224108267
5.6 41.58438 0.519050174 0.415844 0.4158437931
5.7 40.93789 0.511454981 0.409379 0.4093788542
5.8 40.30144 0.503739845 0.403014 0.4030144228
5.9 39.67489 0.49590287 0.396749 0.3967489364
6 39.05809 0.487942134 0.390581 0.3905808568
6.1 38.45087 0.479855681 0.384509 0.3845086696
6.2 37.85309 0.471641527 0.378531 0.3785308839
6.3 37.2646 0.463297653 0.372646 0.3726460323
6.4 36.68527 0.454822013 0.366853 0.3668526698
6.5 36.11494 0.446212525 0.361149 0.3611493742
6.6 35.55347 0.437467075 0.355535 0.3555347451
6.7 35.00074 0.428583517 0.350007 0.3500074042
6.8 34.4566 0.419559669 0.344566 0.3445659945
6.9 33.92092 0.410393315 0.339209 0.3392091799
7 33.39356 0.401082206 0.333936 0.3339356453
7.1 32.87441 0.391624055 0.328744 0.328744096
7.2 32.36333 0.382016541 0.323633 0.3236332575
7.3 31.86019 0.372257304 0.318602 0.3186018748
7.4 31.36487 0.362343948 0.313649 0.3136487129
7.5 30.87726 0.35227404 0.308773 0.3087725556
7.6 30.39722 0.342045107 0.303972 0.3039722057
7.7 29.92465 0.331654638 0.299246 0.2992464847
7.8 29.45942 0.321100083 0.294594 0.2945942324
7.9 29.00143 0.310378849 0.290014 0.2900143066
8 28.55056 0.299488304 0.285506 0.2855055829
8.1 28.1067 0.288425776 0.281067 0.2810669543
8.2 27.66973 0.277188547 0.276697 0.2766973311
8.3 27.23956 0.265773859 0.272396 0.2723956405
8.4 26.81608 0.254178909 0.268161 0.2681608264
8.5 26.39918 0.242400852 0.263992 0.263991849
8.6 25.98877 0.230436794 0.259888 0.2598876849
8.7 25.58473 0.218283799 0.255847 0.2558473264
8.8 25.18698 0.205938883 0.25187 0.2518697816
8.9 24.79541 0.193399016 0.247954 0.2479540739
9 24.40992 0.180661118 0.244099 0.2440992419
 9.1 24.03043 0.167722062 0.240304 0.2403043394
9.2 23.65684 0.154578672 0.236568 0.2365684344
9.3 23.28906 0.141227721 0.232891 0.23289061
9.4 22.927 0.12766593 0.22927 0.229269963
9.5 22.57056 0.113889971 0.225706 0.2257056047
9.6 22.21967 0.09989646 0.222197 0.2221966598
9.7 21.87423 0.085681964 0.218742 0.2187422669
9.8 21.53416 0.071242991 0.215342 0.215341578
9.9 21.19938 0.056575996 0.211994 0.2119937581
10 20.8698 0.04167738 0.208698 0.2086979852
10.1 20.54535 0.026543483 0.205453 0.2054534502
10.2 20.22594 0.011170591 0.202259 0.2022593566
10.3 19.91149 -0.00444507 0.199115 0.1991149202
10.4 19.60194 -0.02030734 0.196019 0.1960193689
10.5 19.29719 -0.0364201 0.192972 0.1929719428
10.6 18.99719 -0.05278732 0.189972 0.1899718936
10.7 18.70185 -0.06941301 0.187018 0.1870184849
10.8 18.4111 -0.08630125 0.184111 0.1841109915
10.9 18.12487 -0.10345619 0.181249 0.1812486996
11 17.84309 -0.12088205 0.178431 0.1784309065
11.1 17.56569 -0.13858309 0.175657 0.1756569204
11.2 17.29261 -0.15656368 0.172926 0.1729260602
11.3 17.02377 -0.17482821 0.170238 0.1702376555
11.4 16.7591 -0.19338118 0.167591 0.1675910462
11.5 16.49856 -0.21222713 0.164986 0.1649855826
11.6 16.24206 -0.23137071 0.162421 0.162420625
11.7 15.98955 -0.2508166 0.159896 0.1598955436
11.8 15.74097 -0.27056958 0.15741 0.1574097186
11.9 15.49625 -0.2906345 0.154963 0.1549625395
12 15.25534 -0.31101629 0.152553 0.1525534057
12.1 15.01817 -0.33171995 0.150182 0.1501817256
12.2 14.78469 -0.35275056 0.147847 0.147846917
12.3 14.55484 -0.37411329 0.145548 0.1455484066
12.4 14.32856 -0.39581338 0.143286 0.1432856301
12.5 14.1058 -0.41785616 0.141058 0.141058032
12.6 13.88651 -0.44024704 0.138865 0.1388650654
12.7 13.67062 -0.46299152 0.136706 0.1367061918
12.8 13.45809 -0.48609519 0.134581 0.1345808813
12.9 13.24886 -0.5095637 0.132489 0.1324886121
13 13.04289 -0.53340284 0.130429 0.1304288705
13.1 12.84012 -0.55761844 0.128401 0.1284011507
13.2 12.6405 -0.58221646 0.126405 0.126404955
13.3 12.44398 -0.60720293 0.12444 0.1244397933
13.4 12.25052 -0.63258399 0.122505 0.122505183
13.5 12.06006 -0.65836586 0.120601 0.1206006493
13.6 11.87257 -0.68455489 0.118726 0.1187257245
13.7 11.68799 -0.7111575 0.11688 0.1168799484
13.8 11.50629 -0.73818021 0.115063 0.1150628677
13.9 11.3274 -0.76562967 0.113274 0.1132740364
14 11.1513 -0.79351262 0.111513 0.1115130152
14.1 10.97794 -0.82183589 0.109779 0.1097793718
14.2 10.80727 -0.85060645 0.108073 0.1080726807
14.3 10.63925 -0.87983135 0.106393 0.1063925227
14.4 10.47385 -0.90951778 0.104738 0.1047384853
14.5 10.31102 -0.93967302 0.10311 0.1031101626
14.6 10.15072 -0.97030446 0.101507 0.1015071547
14.7 9.992907 -1.00141965 0.099929 0.099929068
14.8 9.837552 -1.0330262 0.098376 0.0983755151
14.9 9.684611 -1.06513189 0.096846 0.0968461146
15 9.534049 -1.0977446 0.09534 0.0953404911
15.1 9.385827 -1.13087232 0.093858 0.0938582748
15.2 9.23991 -1.1645232 0.092399 0.0923991018
15.3 9.096261 -1.1987055 0.090963 0.090962614
15.4 8.954846 -1.23342761 0.089548 0.0895484586
15.5 8.815629 -1.26869805 0.088156 0.0881562885
15.6 8.678576 -1.30452549 0.086786 0.0867857618
15.7 8.543654 -1.34091871 0.085437 0.085436542
15.8 8.41083 -1.37788666 0.084108 0.084108298
15.9 8.28007 -1.41543841 0.082801 0.0828007037
16 8.151344 -1.45358318 0.081513 0.0815134379
16.1 8.024618 -1.49233033 0.080246 0.0802461846
16.2 7.899863 -1.53168938 0.078999 0.0789986328
16.3 7.777048 -1.57167 0.07777 0.0777704761
16.4 7.656141 -1.61228198 0.076561 0.0765614131
16.5 7.537115 -1.65353532 0.075371 0.0753711467
16.6 7.419938 -1.69544013 0.074199 0.074199385
 An herbal leave was dried with thin layer dry
at various temperature, initial moisture cont
The weights of sample over time are shown
the drying time needed for 55C at final mois
wet basis. Correlate the given drying data w

me / Winitial time

R, J/kg mol K

Mode l name Model Refe re nc e

Newton MR  exp(  kt ) (O’Ca lla ghan, Menz ie s et

al . 1971)

Page MR  e xp   k t n
 (Page 1949)

Hende rson a nd Pa bi s MR  a exp(  k t ) (Henders on and Pa bis

1961)

Logari thmic MR  a exp  kt   c (Lee and Kim 2009)

Two-te rm MR  a exp  kt   b e xp  k o t  (Henders on 1974)

Two-te rm expone nt ial MR  a exp  kt   1  a  e xp   k at  (Shara f-El dee n, Bl ais de ll

et al. 1980)

Fick’s s ec ond la w 6 i 
1   Deff t   (Cra nk 1975)
MR   exp   i 2 2
 
 2
i 1 i2 

 L2 


Ans:
To get the final moisture content at 5% in wet basis, the predicted drying time

MR Linear (MR)
CAL MR Exponential (CAL MR)
1.2

1
f(x) = − 0.02717032967033 x + 0.96456043956044
0.8 R² = 0.945384234720112
Axis Title

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
TIME

1.2

f(x) = − 0.037802197802198 x + 0.910274725274726

0.8 R² = 0.902522174851469
Axis Title

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

MR TIME Linear (MR)

Column D Exponential (Column D)
 0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

MR TIME Linear (MR)

Column D Exponential (Column D)

1.2
MR Linear (MR)
Column D Exponential (Column D)
1

0.8 f(x) = − 0.062445054945055 x + 0.858131868131868

R² = 0.877708453950677
Axis Title

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
TIME

1.2
Chart Title
1

0.8
f(x) = − 0.059368131868132 x + 0.780439560439561
R² = 0.819886211211879
Axis Title

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
TIME
MR Linear (MR)
Column D Exponential (Column D)

lnk=(-Ea/R)(1/T) Ea/R 1
A 1
 LNK
0.003 0.00305 0.0031 0.00315 0.0032 0.00325 0.0033 0.00335

f(x) = − 5569.23433390691 x + 15.1182080247708

R² = 0.965600586634399
 th thin layer dryer, 1.0 m/s air velocity,
al moisture content= 80% wet basis.
time are shown in table below. Predict
5C at final moisture content of 5%,
n drying data with Newton model.

8314.34

ef er ence

O’Ca lla ghan, Menzie s et

1971)

a ge 1949)

He nder son

61)
and Pabis
answer:
ee and Kim 2009)

He nder son 1974)

hara f-Eldeen, Bla is de ll

al. 1980)

r ank 1975)

s, the predicted drying time will be 9.9 hours at 55 ͦC