Eight basic emotions

13 June 2018 14:36

8 Basic emotions
Fear anger
Disgust trust
Surprise anticipation
Happiness sadness
• These emotions can combine to create new emotions
• e.g. Happiness + Anticipation = Excitement.
• e.g Anger minus enthusiasm =depression.
• Same event can give multiple emotions at the same time e.g. For a father: Happiness (of
daughter marrying) + Sadness (of daughter leaving because of marriage)
• Emotions are tied with physiological response e.g. churning in stomach, perspiration on face,
blushing of cheeks etc.

Ethics E4 Page 1
What is emotional intelligence
13 June 2018 15:07

Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage your own emotions and the
emotions of others.
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-management
3. Social awareness
4. Relationship management

Ethics E4 Page 2
Two models of EI
13 June 2018 15:08

Model #1
Self- • Self-awareness: you identify your emotions, assess your strength and
Awarenes weakness.
s • There are some triggers that’ll make you happy, and some that’ll make you sad.
• You should avoid those triggers, then you’ll gain self-confidence.
• E.g. you’ve broken up with girlfriend/boyfriend but they happens to in the same
official college alumni whatsapp group, and their chatting with others makes
your more depressed. So the ‘trigger’ is whatsapp. You avoid it and thereby
avoid depression.
Self- • Through self-awareness, you know your emotions, you can regulate them.
managem • Once you’ve self-awareness about your strength and weakness, you can take
ent initiatives. e.g. If you’re an aggressive person, better channelize it towards
sports.
Social • Empathy. We already learned in foundational values of civil services.
awarenes • Gandhi inspired people, rallied them up for freedom struggle, because he knew
s what people think, how they react, how to handle diversity, what is the
endurance level of people in any civic-movement?
• Therefore, person with high emotional intelligence becomes a force multiplier, he
can extract max. work out of the team members – he knows how to motivate
people, how to handle conflict management, how to bring opposing parties to
the middle ground.
Relationsh Since you’re able to control emotions, you’ll gain trust-worthiness of your colleagues,
ip superiors and juniors. That’ll help you extract maximum work /support from them.
managem
ent
Model #2: Ruler Abbreviation
We can dissect emotional intelligence with the abbreviation “RULER”
R Recognize emotions. You’ve to first know how you feel.
U Understand the causes. Once you’ve recognized the emotion, find the causes- what makes
you depressed, anxious, happy- why?
L • Labeling. If I ask you- “how are you feeling right now?” If you have low emotional
intelligence, you’d give typical answers such as “happy” : – )
• But if you have high emotional intelligence, you can exactly label the specific emotion.
• E.g. in old mobiles, only one smiley for happiness “:-)” but in whatapp, you’d find
multiple smileys that denote different types and levels of happiness.
E Express.
R Regulate. Once you’ve recognized that you are depressed, you have identified underlying
causes, then you’ll work towards the remedies that will help you regulate your depression.

Ethics E4 Page 3
Unregulated emotions=clouded judgment
13 June 2018 15:08

Unregulated Emotions = Judgment Clouded

• Consider following experiment: schoolteachers were asked to evaluate the question papers of
the students under different emotional states- e.g. happiness, distressed and so on.
• There was substantial change in the marks they offered to students.
• When researchers asked the teachers “do you think you were biased?” Teachers refused.
• Thus emotions are so notorious- they hamper your decision making and even won’t let you
realize that you’re making a wrong decision!
• People with higher EI, rise higher in their careers- whether as leaders, managers, celebrities.
• New Public management also requires the civil servant to develop EI, to handle stakeholders in
proper manner- e.g. judiciary, litigants, media personnel, common man, political masters and
so on. Each of them has different attitude. You have tackle to them accordingly. You have to
understand, what works for each category.
• Unregulated emotions damage your mental and physical health.
• Depressed person may become suicidal
• Aggressive person may become insomniac.
• Therefore one must learn to control his emotions.
• A knowledge of emotional state of drug addict can help creation of a proper rehab regime to
enhance effectiveness of the regime.

Ethics E4 Page 4
Digital age of alienation
13 June 2018 15:08

Digital Age of alienation

• In the digital age, there’s flood of information, indoor-lifestyle, people are losing direct touch
with each other, relations have become calculative and materialistic.
• In such age, if a person can’t control emotion, it’ll damage his health.
• Alienation: A farmer knows the purpose of rice he cultivates- that people will eat it and feel
happy. Farmer is directly contributing to someone’s life.
• But in industrial life, there is a large assembly line. You’re placing one component in some
circuit board. You don’t know the big picture.
• Similarly, in IT company, you’re writing a script-code that will become part of some big
system, yet you don’t know what exact purpose you’ve served.
• Such person has no idea what is the purpose of his life and what is his contribution to the
society? He gets alienated from work, alienated from society. He’ll begin to see other people in
“profit-loss” calculation.
• In the end he’ll get alienated from himself and this will cause all the emotional/mental
disorders.
• DPSP requires State should also proper working conditions for workers, with full enjoyment of
leisure and social and cultural activities. Emphasis on leisure, otherwise emotional alienation
will occur.

Ethics E4 Page 5
 Benefits of Higher EI
13 June 2018 15:09

1. EI is the ability to recognize your and other people’s emotions; and manage them in better
manner.
2. Helps you control your own negative emotions. Then you can focus more on work than on mood,
your productivity/efficiency/quality of work improves. As Lord Buddha said “Holding on to anger is
like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else: you are the one who gets
burned.”
3. Helps you make better decisions, perform under stress and against heavy-odds.
4. Helps you deal with uncertainty and change in personal and professional life. Otherwise “He who
spends time regretting the past loses the present and risks the future.”
5. Helps you manage relations. You can later leverage those relations to get things done, to reach
the places where you want to reach, to get the success you want to get.
6. You can motivate teammates and extract more work out of them.
7. You can manage unreasonable people in most situations.
8. You can bounce back from setbacks and defeats.
9. You’re least affected by office-politics.
10. Because of above things, your stress is controlled and you’ve less chances of lifestyle diseases
such diabetes and heart attack. You have less chances of become depressed or anxious.
11. EI helps developing Empathy towards others.

13-06-2018 15:28 - Screen Clipping

Ethics E4 Page 6
Application of EI in administration
Monday, 18 June 2018 10:12 PM

1. To achieve amicable work environment

2. Improvement of the behaviour and performance of the individual workers.
3. Improvement in organizational performance
4. Increased capacity to handle- changes in work; pressures and stress; conflicts

Ethics E4 Page 7
Why study EI?
13 June 2018 15:09

Why study Emotional Intelligence?

• In traditional thinking, emotions have been seen negatively- that they interfere in rational
decision-making. But it’s not always true e.g. nurse’s love for babies, soldier’s love for
country are essential in proper functioning of their duties.
• Therefore, good administrator is the one who can control his emotions, he need not ‘suppress’
them.
• Jainism: Mahavrat- devotee have to suppress their instinct.
• Buddhism: adopted middle-path. Instead of suppressing your emotions, regulate them.
• Now, the thinking has changed- emotions are here to stay. You can’t conquer or suppress
emotions.
• Anger is considered a negative emotion. But you’re supposed to be angry at child-labour and
other nuisances prevalent in the society.
• “All my best ideas were born of anger,” says children’s rights- activist and Nobel Peace prize
winner Kailash Satyarthi
• So if anger is channelized towards social evils, then it’s a constructive use of your emotions.
• “Desire“: considered as a bad emotion, but capitalism thrives on that. If everyone becomes a
monk, the industrial enterprise will collapse.
• Thus, we can see all emotions in positive light.
• If you’re depressed or anxious- you can’t perform in mains exam. Because unregulated
emotions will hinder your answer writing.
Emotion Is the cause of
Unlimited desire corruption
Aggressiveness Human rights abuse
Lust Eve-teasing, rapes, voyeurism
Passion Hinders objective thinking
Therefore, intelligence is not the only crucial virtue, emotional intelligence also required.

Ethics E4 Page 8
How to develop EI
13 June 2018 15:10

How develop emotional intelligence?

1. Universal answer is “Yoga”.
2. Emotional literacy– if you can identify only five type of emotions, you’ve low level of emotional
literacy. What’s the difference between envy vs. jealousy? Very subtle difference. So the first
step is to have a rich emotional vocabulary. Then Identify your emotion and “label” it properly.
3. Non-verbal communication. What body language do you convey? How to read the body language
of the other party?
4. Develop empathy (cut-paste all the measures given in foundational values.)
5. Cultivate optimism. Gandhi made the people believe that freedom is possible.
6. Introspection– take responsibility for your emotions. Instead of saying “she is making me
depressed.” you should say “I’m feeling depressed.” once you take responsibility, you’ll be able
to find the root causes behind that emotion.

13-06-2018 16:20 - Screen Clipping

Ethics E4 Page 9
 Descriptive questions
13 June 2018 16:19

1. A mind that leaves emotions out, is impoverished. Elaborate

2. Emotional intelligence has interesting ideas but lacks practical utility. Do you agree? Justify your
stand.
3. “Emotional intelligence is not an opposite of the intelligence but a unique intersection of head and
heart.” Elaborate
4. “Whatever is begun in anger, ends in shame.” – Benjamin Franklin. Discuss with example from life
of a famous person.
5. All learning has an emotional base.” – Plato. Elaborate
6. “Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and despair, but manifestations of strength
and resolution. (Kahlil Gibran)”. Do you agree? Justify your stand.
7. What Is Artificial Emotional Intelligence & How Does Emotion AI Work?

Ethics E4 Page 10