Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • O2 - Morgan-Short & Ullman (2012)

    Uploaded by

    Tati Katiukis
    22 views9 pages
    TESOL

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    TESOL

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    22 views9 pages

    O2 - Morgan-Short & Ullman (2012)

    Uploaded by

    Tati Katiukis
    TESOL

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 9
    17 The neurocognition of second language Kara Morgan-Short and Michael T. Ullman Introduction “Ths chapter examines the nerocogntion of econ tngaage, tit i the new nd cognitive {esycologcal nd compuationl) bis of ate-Henred second or sobrequent guage (12). Te chapter foewe on lexi and get prceses We fi mane the het conte af ‘eetch reed othe neuraognidon of L2, and ehen examine cument neurocognitive theories sed tis prediaions. Nest, we deeibe eve common neurocopuitive meats (Eren-Reloed Posen and Gnciol Naghetc RewornceInieging-—cha i, ER apd MR) and eeview thei entane neurocoptive expial evidence for L2. Finally, we dics the ineruciona telence oft theons ad evidence nd gps tur eto or sth, Historical discussion. “The Se of second ingageacquston (SLA) har examined, amsong other ines the naire of the cogaive mechanisms undedyingL2 Fearing ad we, andthe vations nisi and ex Stor that nay infuence chews mechenms ‘The Geld bar gpined igh into thee ees, prinanly though bbavoral ppicaches. However, the devsepment of kd personals ru rlble meisrensens ofthe copii: mechansns ofimerest often a complex ak at bes, in the cue of auesing inplctlnvaing Beene of the diicly of iceniying undetying ‘ecto wth behavior! method, niet growing in more bain-bosed approaches, which ‘an complersentbebavon! approsche ining an urdessanding of dee iss Inporandy, {hire uy eacne not only dhe copuitve uechanens of L2, which hve been one acts (ofS, bar also fe brin and bilgi es, which ce poten raporent in ther own ight Din-btedreterch of L2 has expvenced » vil explosion in secet yearefor aver esto incliing recent cancer both in nevicimaging tecigies adn the development of ‘euocognivetheoes of L2 sogition and procesing. Indeed, 2 search of the aber “Lguse nd Liyquisis Beira Abas and. PayehINEO using the tech teons "second langage" “neu,” and “ERP” or “BARU” reveled only ane pobicison in 1981-199, 21 publications ia 1991-2000, and an acounding 875 fn 2001 co and-2010, However, the say ofthe neuroropison oF 2, whic ha emerged msily Gm the Bld of cogativenevrorience, at developed ley independently om the Gls of SLA. Uae SEA, ‘ches focued amos excoively on two questions (2) whether the neurocognitive representation 22 The neocon ol second language tnd procesing of 2 are nro or dierent ows chose offi anguge (Lia @) co whe ‘degre such sate snd dfeeoces ae niece oy a all mumber of ftom in price, 12 ge of seqsiion snd proficiency, atid to ener exe, ere fe i she lamer to the L2. The empire foo on these factor is evident in s numberof rece reves of 12 nearocognive reach (Sbutleb, 2508; Hemander and Li, 2007 Indeey, 2006; Koa, 2009; Muele, 205; Schnise and Robes, 200% Steinar el, 200: vas Hell and Tokowic, 2010), Feings net nero, though this bady of seurocopatve ressch bs made 2sgnifeant cnemson 10 oor undestending oF tba he neue representson 30 procesng of L look Eke in comers to Li, i lia i nfincy in undertncing ly L2 ‘cual epreseenon sad procesing lol the Way they do, and why various Store igh abet them, Tn his chapter we ake a somewhat dren aporosch fom tos previous overviews of L2 neuocogtive ranch. We form ne only onthe 12 empl evidence (he ae but 0 on the deol ace how the evidence consis ie he mn). Spec, we present trent neurocognitive tenis of 2; cut how their clin and peeictons oven o die, review the L2 newecognie evidence Rom EXP: and MAR; and Gly dc Now thse ta bo or donot fi caren there. Core issues Hire we focus on four chavs ll of which make cline about the new at wel 2 che coprtve bass of second ieguage: the Dedaatve/Proceuil model, Pande’ sod, ehe (Competiion model and dhe Convergence Iypothes, As we hl sr below, hve our hoe. sre representative of two brand neurocognitive pespeives tht miske que diferent lame and predlesons. For eatlone af pace, we bave le ow other there, icading tore of Caheen (Chun anal Feler, 20063, yey wove aoe shares many cans wth tow ofthe Delt Proce model and Elis (Elis 2002, , 2006, whore ew shares cnc nies wih the Competiion Mode. ‘The declarative/procedural mode! “The Decuatve/Procedutl (DP) snodel (Ulla, 2001, 2004) propos dat eral pees of nguege depend on to welded Lain momocysytens~decaatve snd procedl ‘memory suppor non-languageFancons a hana an oer aaa (Bchenbaun ad Tipton, 2008; Henke, 2010; Mishkin ta, 1984; Squee and Scar, 2002). Desatve ‘mente, which store Enowialge abou Set and even (emantas and epeadie knowledge), {posed to ao under the mental leo, including the concepead metnings of worcses wal 2 their phorclogia foons and gnamnstial specications (eg, ineguar moephology and ‘gument race). This levial dependence on dedhnsve memory it expected in Both Land 12, Knowledge canbe lames rp i detatve memory, ad tat leas pay. buena complesly (Chuo, 200) explicit is cule wo conscious anareness Desaatve emery telson the hppocerpus aid ether medal temporal severtes for Ieming new ‘nowledge, which eventual depends ely on cocoa regio, paral inthe trp lobes Other bin sme lay ole indecisive memory well ncaa region in font seocorax eomepondingto lrodarn'sAzet (A) 49 an 47 (within and pear ail Broe's se), which uncer the eceson orto of deca memories. (Note that for bot Gedaarve an procedart memory, the DP mods ef tothe enc nerocogntive sys, Snoled in the leaming eprentin, and procesing ofthe revs Knowledge, nt js eo 2 re ‘are Morgan Set and lena. Ulman thos: pos underyinglemng ond cone new knowledge, which i whatsome researches ‘cro teging the two memory ses) “The procedul memory sper, which ita dine bain memory sytem fom dative memory, undeties the implicit leming and wie of motor and cogive skis, ond may be ‘peclzed el inp fo sequences ad les (Henke, 2010; Midna, 1986 olde ta oeade, 2008; Spies Schacter 2002), Note ha evidence urges the exience of OTE ‘San one noo-declontwe mpi mera sysean, only ove of which refed oa poze merry bythe DP mode, Thor it the se eal npc ls or knowedge ae ened 9 {he procedural memory sjtems. Assordng eo the DP Model (Ulan, 20012, 2005). i ‘procedaral nenory is pst a ako andee pets of ynbl-manipeling ena, eros _Zannmaticl aul dosing, nln poolopy, morphology. nay, n both expe and fecepive language. Proce memory posted to be especialy imporane in the walt Sequential and herchcal conbintion (eg, Merge (Chonsky, (995) or contention) of toed level ferns and abarve repreenaione isto ule-govemed complex sme (egy te + ot eth + ef, Noun Phe + Ve Phrse)—ahe sn granada setae brding Howove uate ext menor yc pens ad pecs, preumbly in delat rewory, 40 complosatractse into be ord in decraive emery fo example chunks (Cie at. Unite laming in declrive riomory,leming in procedural memory reautes ‘epeated exposes thesia ox practice wit the il lBough once leamed sls em torspply stomatal, ply, and ein. The procedural memory stem is composed of 2 ‘etwerk of interconnected bis urucares wot In cet connecsing the bs gangs of ‘ares ep within the brn, nlting the qudtenuclewsaedpotanen) wath ei Genta repos in ptr premotor eeion and neniby DA 44 within roc’ ten. The Dsl gang tmay be more imporans in fering new sll, whi fon repans are mote inporane in representing and procesingaleady Jared ik. ‘Crocco the DP modes predienont about L2 dhe fice chat lamin abies in che ecootve ad precedl memory spsem change dierent cos the span, Leming in \decomave memory inproves during childhood, and ples during odlecence and eniy lthood, though i mbvequeniy begin fo decline (DiGi tl, 1994; Gra 1990; Vaidya fra 2007 In contrat, proce memory esming bis sem co be exablshed aly in ‘hilchood. wth minal subweuent changes into adstboed, teloding 9 posible decrement from chilshood to adlecence (chemi, 200%; Dorberge el. 2007 Siege, 2001). These lange in fincinoality dung dvelopaiet lad to preted cians in relance on the se Inco systems for ter eirmod linguige. Asordingo the DP model, er lnmed Loe ave expected to iiilly depend on the declratve memory stan nt only fr lead Knowledge wich con only be leased im thi sytem, and thus depends ex i foe both L2 tan Lt) but abo for comple fs hich cn be marae chunk (or proceed in declare Iemory in other ways eg, computed with rls eared i this yten Uliman, 2005, 2008) “Fhisdependence on dciave nthe than procedural mersoy fe complex fos ede boo the fic that knowledge ese fterin delve than procedural memory in ths aed Jnily inthe formes, and becate Iter lemer of laeguage sbou have more developed

    You might also like