INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO

Subject: BIO-INSTRUMENTATION-II THIRD year, Semester 6th

Name: ___________________________________________ Roll No: ____________________

Score: __________ Signature of Tutor: _______________________ Date:________________

LAB HANDOUT- 1

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this lab is to learn human body parameters and their calculations
using different medical calculators.

INTRODUCTION:
The Calculator is an electronic device used to do basic mathematical calculation. It is been
common in day to day life where everyone makes use of its application. In the early stages they
perform only the basic operation like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. A
required number of research and assessments are carried out to develop scientific and advanced
calculator.
The cost of the calculators varies based on the features, application, size, etc. Learning calculator
as a tool is very important for all of us to face the real life problem. The world has faced a
tremendous change in the technology, which allows each and every one to make use of a
calculator.
A medical calculator is a type of medical computer software, whose purpose is to allow easy
calculation of various scores and indices, presenting the user with a friendly interface that hides
the complexity of the formulas. 
IMPORTANCE OF MEDICAL CALCULATORS:
1. To reduce the complexity of solving problems
2. Accurate counting of a number can be brought out by using calculator.
3. Enough number of problem’s can be solved repeatedly without any difficulty.
TYPES OF VARIOUS MEDICAL CALCULATORS:
There are various types of calculators used in the medical to get proper and fine results. Some are
given below
1. Mean arterial pressure calculator
2. Body mass surface calculator
3. Body mass index calculator
4. Glasgow coma calculator
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO

1-MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE (MAP) CALCULATOR:

MAP, or mean arterial pressure, is defined as the average pressure in a patient’s arteries during
one cardiac cycle. It is considered a better indicator of perfusion to vital organs than systolic
blood pressure (SBP). True MAP can only be determined by invasive monitoring and complex
calculations; however it can also be calculated using a formula of the SBP and the diastolic blood
pressure (DBP). 

FORMULA TO CALCULATE MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE:

1. MAP = SBP + 2 (DBP)
       3
2. MAP = 1/3 (SBP – DBP) + DBP

MAP= mean arterial pressure

SBP= systolic blood pressure
DBP= diastolic blood pressure

MAP RANGES:
1-Normal Map: In general, most people need a MAP of at least 60 mmHg (millimeters of
mercury) or greater to ensure enough blood flow to vital organs, such as the heart, brain, and
kidneys. Doctors usually consider anything between 70 and 100 mmHg to be normal.

2-High Map: A high MAP is anything over 100 mmHg, which indicates that there’s a lot of
pressure in the arteries. Many things that cause very high blood pressure can also cause a high
MAP, including:
1. heart attack
2. kidney failure
3. heart failure

3-Low Map: Anything under 60 mmHg is usually considered a low MAP. It indicates that your
blood may not be reaching your major organs. Doctors usually consider a low MAP to be a
possible sign of:
1. sepsis
2. stroke
3. internal bleeding

THEORETICAL CALCULATION
Method#01: To calculate a mean arterial pressure, double the diastolic blood pressure and add
the sum to the systolic blood pressure. Then divide by 3. For example, if a patient’s blood
pressure is 83 mm Hg/50 mm Hg, his MAP would be 61 mm Hg.

Here are the steps for this calculation:

MAP = SBP + 2 (DBP)
        3
MAP = 83 +2 (50)
         3
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO

MAP = 83 +100

        3
MAP = 183
       3
MAP = 61 mm HG

Method#02: Another way to calculate the MAP is to first calculate the pulse pressure (subtract
the DBP from the SBP) and divide that by 3, then add the DBP:
MAP = 1/3 (SBP – DBP) + DBP
MAP = 1/3 (83-50) + 50
MAP = 1/3 (33) + 50
MAP = 11 + 50
MAP = 61 mm Hg

CALCULATOR:

IMPORTANCE OF CALCULATING MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE

There are several clinical situations in which it is especially important to monitor mean arterial
pressure. In patients with sepsis, vasopressors are often titrated based on the MAP. In the
guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, it is recommended that mean arterial pressure
(MAP) be maintained ≥ 65 mm Hg. Also, in patients with head injury or stroke, treatment may be
dependent on the patient’s MAP. 
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO

2-BODY AREA SURFACE CALCULATOR:

Body surface area (BSA) is the total surface area of the human body. The body surface area is
used in many measurements in medicine, including the calculation of drug dosages and the
amount of fluids to be administered

FORMULA TO CALCULATE BODY AREA SURFACE:

A number of different formulas have been developed over the years to calculate the body surface
area and they give slightly different results. The most commonly used formula now is that of
Mosteller, published in 1987 in The New England Journal of Medicine. According to Mosteller's
"simplified calculation of body-surface area
In metric terms" the body surface area = the square root of product of the weight in kg times the
height in cm divided by 3600.
FORMULAS:

1. Body Surface Area (BSA) (Dubois and Dubois)4 = 0.007184 x (patient height in cm)0.725 x
(patient weight in kg)0.425 IDEAL BODY WEIGHT:
MEN = 50KG+0.9 FOR EACH CM OVER 152

WOMEN=45.5KG+ 0.9 FOR EACH CM

OVER 152
5
2. Body Surface Area (BSA) (Mosteller)  =
3. Body surface area (BSA)(Haycock )=  0.024265 x height (cm)0.3964 x weight (kg)0.5378
4. Body surface area (BSA)(Gehan & George)= 0.0235 x height (cm)0.42246 x weight (kg)0.51456
5. Body surface area (BSA)(Boyd )=
0.0003207 x height (cm)0.3 x weight (grams)0.7285 - (0.0188 x log(weight))

The "normal" body surface area is generally taken to be 1.7 m2 but, in actual fact, the body
surface area depends on more than just height and weight. Other influential factors include the
age and gender of the individual. For example:
a) Average body surface area for adult men: 1.9 m2
b) Average body surface area for adult women: 1.6 m2
c) Average body surface area for children (9 years): 1.07 m2
d) Average body surface area for children (10 years): 1.14 m2
e) Average body surface area for children (12-13 years): 1.33 m2

CALCULATOR FOR BODY AREA SURFACE:

 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO

3-BODY MASS INDEX CALCULATORS:

an approximate measure of whether someone is over- or underweight, calculated by dividing
their weight in kilograms by the square of their height in metres.
Or
The body mass index (BMI) is a measure that uses your height and weight to work out if your
weight is healthy.
The BMI calculation divides an adult's weight in kilograms by their height in metres squared.
For example, A BMI of 25 means 25kg/m2.

FORMULA FOR BODY MASS INDEX:

BMI RANGES:
For most adults, an ideal BMI is in the 18.5 to 24.9 range.
For children and young people aged 2 to 18, the BMI calculation takes into account age and
gender as well as height and weight.
If your BMI is:
1. below 18.5 – you're in the underweight range
2. between 18.5 and 24.9 – you're in the healthy weight range
3. between 25 and 29.9 – you're in the overweight range
4. between 30 and 39.9 – you're in the obese range 

CALCULATOR:
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO

4-GLASGOW COMA CALCULATOR:

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a scoring system used for quantifying a patient’s level of
consciousness. A coma is generally defined as a GCS score < 8.
All calculations must be confirmed before use. The authors make no claims of the accuracy of
the information contained herein; and these suggested doses are not a substitute for clinical
judgement.

The GCS measures the following functions:

Eye Opening (E)
1. 4 = spontaneous
2. 3 = to sound
3. 2 = to pressure
4. 1 = none
5. NT = not testable

Verbal Response (V)

1. 5 = orientated
2. 4 = confused
3. 3 = words, but not coherent
4. 2 = sounds, but no words
5. 1 = none
6. NT = not testable

Motor Response (M)

1. 6 = obeys command
2. 5 = localizing
3. 4 = normal flexion
4. 3 = abnormal flexion
5. 2 = extension
6. 1 = none
7. NT = not testable

Clinicians use this scale to rate the best eye opening response, the best verbal response, and
the best motor response an individual makes. The final GCS score or grade is the sum of
these numbers. Every brain injury is different, but generally, brain injury is classified as:

a) Severe: GCS 8 or less
b) Moderate: GCS 9-12
c) Mild: GCS 13-15

Mild brain injuries can result in temporary or permanent neurological symptoms and
neuroimaging tests such as CT scan or MRI may or may not show evidence of any damage.
Moderate and severe brain injuries often result in long-term impairments in cognition
(thinking skills), physical skills, and/or emotional/behavioral functioning.
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO

FORMULA USED: Score = Eye opening + Best Motor Response + Best Verbal Response
CALCULATOR:

LABTASK:
Question#1: Why We Used Different Medical Calculators In Hospital?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question#2: Write Down Any 5 Medical Calculators That Are Commonly Used In Hospitals?
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________

Question#3: Write Down Your Observations About Practical#1? In You Words.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES JAMSHORO

Observation Tables:
1. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Calculator:
Formula:
Roll# Of The Systolic Diastolic
S# Measured Value Calculated Value
Students Pressure Pressure
1
2
3
4

2. Body Area Surface (BSA) Calculator:

Formula:
Roll# Of The
S# Height(cm) Weight(kg) Measured Value Calculated Value
Students
1
2
3
4

3. Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculator:

Formula:
Roll# Of The
S# Height(m) Weight(kg) Measured Value Calculated Value
Students
1
2
3
4

4. Glasgow Coma (GGC) Calculator:

Formula:
Roll# Of
Eye Verbal Motor Measured
S# The Calculated Value
Response Response Response Value
Students
1
2
3
4