Two or Three Litre Alembic

The alembic is the glassware that is most important in either the spagyrical or
alchemical works. Without this apparel, you cannot make the spirits that are so
important in our Art. Today, it is not easy to find a master glassmaker that can make
an alembic just as the ones used by our old Masters.

In certain cases you can use a copper alembic, but when it is necessary to make a
distillation of acid spirits, the alembic will have to be of good Pyrex glass.

The 2 or 3 litre retorts are very voluminous and more difficult to find.

Therefore you will have to seek a master glassmaker that can manufacture you a glass
alembic.

A cucurbit is a balloon of round or conic bottom known as an Erlenmeyer of 2 or 3

litres with short lap. The helm is a little more difficult to do. The master glassmaker
uses a Pyrex glass spherical balloon and heats it near the lap and pushes it inside
creating like this, a concavity where the condensed liquids are deposited. For a 3-litre
cucurbit, the balloon of the helm should be 1,5 litre.
Then he will adapt a conic tube (horn) of 25 cm of length in the concavity of the helm
so that the condensed liquids deposited in that concavity can be drained to the
exterior. At the tip of that conic tube he makes an IN19-mm polished male.

At the lap or neck of the helm, an IN45-mm polish male joint is adapted and in the
cucurbit a female joint also of IN45-mm. If the cucurbit goes of a larger capacity, the
polish joint should be of IN70-mm. Most of the times it is here that the difficulty
arises. Because it is necessary to have an appropriate machine to do these polishing
and some artists don't have it.

The receiving vase will be made of a 2 litre spherical balloon with a short lap and a
female polish joint of IN29-mm. Since the beak of the conic tube (horn) of the helm is
a 19-mm joint, an adapter has to be made that allows the connection among the two.
This adapter has a 19-mm female polish on one end and a 29-mm male polish on the
other end.

The receiving balloon will have in its belly an air hole, without which the alembic
would explode because of the excess pressure inside.

There are some who say that we are too conservative in our use of apparels similar to
our ancestors, but the truth is that we have not found yet appropriate substitutes that
can make the same work in the necessary amounts.

He who makes it with conventional apparels is welcome to tell us the process and the
equipment used, because if it is viable it will save us a lot of money.

The same happens with the circulators or incubators, which at present are constituted
by two vases. The inferior vase can be 1 litre glass Pyrex balloon with round bottom
or an Erlenmeyer with female polish of IN29-mm. The superior vase usually has the
half of the capacity of the inferior or 500-ml with high lap and a polish male of
IN29-mm.

The superior vase will have in its top a capillary air hole to avoid that, with the
interior pressure, the superior vase jumps and breaks. A circulation takes days and
sometimes months to do and because of that, it is convenient to have two or three
circulators available.
Also a 500-ml retort with tubulure (horn) will be indispensable for us to make certain
metallic tinctures and the vegetable First Being that cannot be done in another vase.

Usually in the retort, the beak of the tubular (horn) doesn't have a male polished end.
It is convenient to order one of IN19-mm and later to use an adapter for the receiving
vase that, in this case, can be a 500-ml spherical balloon with short lap and with a
female polished end of IN29-mm with a small air hole in its belly.

As a source of heat, there are two alternatives. The more economical ones would be
an electric heating mantle or heating plate with a temperature regulator as used in the
chemistry laboratories.

A small gas stove can also be used. In this case you will have to use an iron pot,
enamelled, for a sand bath. Choose a pot sufficiently large, but not in excess, and put
in sifted fine sand and well washed.

Place a layer of sand first in the bottom of the pot. Then you place the cucurbit in it
and after that, you will put the remaining sand so that it reaches the height of two or
three centimetres above the bottom of the cucurbit.

Also it is convenient to place aluminium foil around the part of the cucurbit that
stands out of the pot. This is to prevent the glass from breaking due to the
temperature difference and also to avoid the condensation of liquids on the walls of
the cucurbit and to conduct directly to the helm, all of the vapour that emanates from
the matter.

You will need, also, an appropriate support for the receiving balloon of the still as
used in the chemistry laboratories.

This way, you will have a complete alembic that will allow you to distil the spirits
that will be needed in your works.

The ideal would be that you also have an identical 6-litre alembic because to distil 50
litres of wine spirit, vinegar or essential oils of a plant in a 3-litre alembic is not very
practical.

Without this apparel, you cannot make the spirits that are so important in our Art.
Today, it is not easy to find a master glassmaker can an alembic just as ones used by
old Masters.

Heaters for 2 Litre Alembics

In relation to the heater for a 2-litre alembic, we can use, with advantage, a smaller
electric frying cooker following the same norms of assembly as the heater for of
6-litre alembic.

When you acquire the electric frying cooker, take a 2-litre balloon or Erlenmeyer to
verify that it enters easily in the cooker.

You can also opt for the following solution. Acquire a pot of thick aluminium with an
inner diameter of 17 cm and 15 cm of height. Acquire, also in a store, a 1 kW small
portable electric stove without temperature selector, that is, in preference of the old
model, with leg support. The round metallic box where the refractory ceramic mould
is installed with the resistance should not have more than 13 cm of diameter.

In this stove model, after the upper metallic part that contains the refractory ceramic
mould with the resistance has been dismounted, it is separated from the metallic
support that is the base of the stove. The referred boxes are fastened together by a
screw and nut.

Before dismounting it, disconnect the resistance wires from the connection terminal,
marking its position.

With an electric drill, bore a hole in the bottom centre of the pot with enough
diameters to allow the screw to pass loose.

Then, place the metallic box in the pot, introducing the screw in the suitable hole and
mark the place where the wires will go through the metallic box that contains the
resistance and there, make two holes in the pot so that those two wires can pass
through.

Again, place the box in the pot, in order to introduce the screw in the central hole and
in the metallic support, then take care of passing the resistance wires through the
opened holes in the pot.
Holding with one hand the metallic box with the refractory and the resistance, place
a washer on the screw and tighten the screw to the suitable nut. Be sure to verify if
the wires of the resistance are in position to be tighten to the screw of the connection
plate.

Tighten the nut in that position. Check that the wires coming out of the metallic box
are well insulated, that is, that the insulation covers the wires completely and have
not been damaged.

Wrap the wire’s end to the suitable screws as they were previously and tighten the
nuts. Verify that the wires are not leaning against the support or the pot. Verify, also,
if the electric cable that came with the stove is connected in the same place as it was
previously.

Place the lower cover on the metallic support and tighten the fixation screw. The
heater will be ready

Rubellus Petrinus