evOvwj‡`i ev` w`‡q ÿgZvq AevOvwjiv

cvwK¯Ívb m„wó nq Bmjv‡gi bv‡g| wKš‘ AevOvwj gymjgvbiv Bmjv‡gi bv‡g cÖ_‡gB cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavb `ywU c` `Lj K‡i
†d‡j| cÖ_g Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij I cÖavbgš¿x nb `yB AevOvwj h_vµ‡g †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn I wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb| Gici
nb Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij nb LvRv bvwRg DwÏb, †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§`| Õ56 mv‡j Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij c` Zz‡j w`‡q †cÖwm‡W›U c` m„wó
nq| †cÖwm‡W›U wQ‡jb BmKv›`vi gxR©v, AvBqye Lvb, Bqvwnqv Lvb| Gi gv‡S LvRv bvwRg wQ‡jb cwð‡gi L‡qi Luv| Rbve
wjqvK‡Zi g„Zz¨i ci cÖavbgš¿x nb LvRv bvwRgDwÏb, e¸ovi †gvnv¤§` Avjx, †PŠayix gynv¤§` Avjx, †mvnivIqv`©x, AvB AvB
Pz›`ªxMo, gvwjK wd‡ivR byb| Gi gv‡S c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †jvK wQ‡jb LvRv bvwRg, †gvnv¤§` Avjx, †mvnivIqv`©x| LvRv
bvwRg I †gvnv¤§` Avjx wQ‡jb n¨v ûRyi gvK©v †bZv| †mvnivIqv`©x cÖavbgš¿x _vKv Kv‡j cwðgv Avgjv‡`i Kvi‡Y
evOvwj‡`i Rb¨ Lye wKQz GKUv Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ïiæ‡Z cÖ‡`k wQj 5wU -c~e© cvwK¯Ívb, cwðg cvÄve, wmÜ, †ejywP¯Ívb, DËi cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k| c‡i nq `ywU
cÖ‡`k-c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ívb| Avevi 70 mv‡j cvPwU cÖ‡`k nq| cÖwZ cÖ‡`‡k GKRb K‡i Mfb©i _vK‡Zv Ges Zvi ÿgZv
wQj A‡bK| cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi Zvi B”Qvg‡Zv †h KvD‡K Mfb©i wb‡qvM w`‡Zv| cwð‡gi PviwU cÖ‡`‡k †Kvb mgqB
†Kvb evOvwj Mfb©i n‡Z cv‡iwb| A_P Õ71 mvj ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †h 16 Rb Mfb©i n‡qwQ‡jb Zvi gv‡S 8 wQ‡jb
AevOvwj cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi m„wói mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi †mbvcÖavb, wegvbevwnbx cÖavb, †bŠevwnbx cÖavb Ges Gme evwnbxi DccÖavb c‡` Õ47-
Õ71 mvj ch©šÍ †Kvb evOvwj wQ‡jb bv| 1947-Õ71 mvj ch©šÍ †Kvb evOvwj ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe nbwb| 1947 †K›`ªxq
AvBwmGm, AvBwcGm wQj †gvU 95 Rb, Gi gv‡S evOvwj wQ‡jb gvÎ 1 Rb| 1947-1955 mvj ch©šÍ 19 Rb mwP‡ei mevB
wQ‡jb AevOvwj| 69 mv‡j 19 Rb mwP‡ei gv‡S 3 Rb evOvwj wQ‡jb| 1970 mvj ch©šÍ †Kvb evOvwj †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki
Mfb©i nbwb| 1969 mvj ch©šÍ ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi hyM¥ mwPe c‡` †Kvb evOvwj wQ‡jb bv| bx‡Pi me c‡`I AevOvwj‡`i
Ae¯’vb wQj kZKiv nv‡i 90 fv‡MiI †ewk|
evOvwj‡`i UvKv jyUcvU
1947 mv‡j c~e© evsjv I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbM‡Yi gv_vwcQz Avq wQj mgvb| 1971 mv‡j cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb RbM‡Yi
gv_vwcQz Avq c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb RbM‡Yi Av‡qi PvB‡Z 34 fvM †e‡o hvq| Zv‡`i GB Avq †e‡o‡Q evOvwj‡`i jyU K‡i| †hgb
1947 mvj †_‡K 1968 mvj ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi idZvwb Avq wQ‡jv 2240 †KvwU UvKv wKš‘ e¨‡qi Rb¨ †c‡q‡Q 1630
†KvwU UvKv| Aciw`‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Avq wQ‡jv 1759 †KvwU UvKv Ges e¨‡qi Rb¨ †c‡q‡Q 3799 †KvwU UvKv|
1947-69 mvj ch©šÍ mvgwiK-†emvgwiK Lv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU e¨q nq 3162 †KvwU UvKv| Gi gv‡S c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cvq
gvÎ 328 †KvwU UvKv| 1950 mvj †_‡K 1970 mvj ch©šÍ ivR¯^ Lv‡Z cvwK¯Ívb miKvi e¨q K‡i 66320 wgwjqb iƒcx|
Gi gv‡S cwðg cvwK¯ÍÍvb cvq 51250 wgwjqb iƒcx (77.28%) I c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi fv‡M c‡o 15070 wgwjqb iƒcx
(22.72%)| 1969-70 mv‡j Dbœqb ev‡R‡Ui 70-80% LiP Kiv nq cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b, 20-30% LiP Kiv nq c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b| 1950-54 mv‡ji wfZi iv¯Ív Nv‡Ui DbœwZi Rb¨ e¨q aiv n‡qwQj †gvU 90 †KvwU UvKv| Gi gv‡S c~e© evsjv
cvq gvÎ 17 j¶ UvKv| 1965 mv‡j ˆe‡`wkK FY eve` Pxb †_‡K †K›`ªxq miKvi MÖnY K‡i 65 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| Gi
gv‡S c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨q Kiv nq 1.25 wgwjqb Wjvi gvÎ| 1970 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ívb 7.6 wewjqb Wjvi FY

13

www.mjgobeshona.org
gÄywi cvq| Gi gv‡S c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cvq 26.6%| cwðg cvwK¯Ívb we‡`wk F‡Yi wmsn fvM wb‡q †M‡jI G FY cwi‡kva
Ki‡Z n‡Zv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi idZvwb Avq w`‡q| wkí Lv‡Z gv_v wcQz e¨q wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 71 UvKv 4 Avbv 5 cvB, c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b 5 UvKv 12 Avbv| 1950 Gi `k‡K c~e© evsjvi cÖvc¨ †_‡K 8.96 wewjqb UvKv wb‡q hvIqv nq cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b|
1948-49 †_‡K 68-69 ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi 11.8 wewjqb UvKvi m¤ú` ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
e¨q Kiv nq| 1965-70 mv‡ji gv‡S cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cvPvi Kiv nq 3100 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| wk¶v Lv‡Z gv_v wcQz
e¨q wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 4 UvKv 6 Avbv 3 cvB, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b 1 cvB| 47 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b wkÿv_©x I ¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri
msL¨v †ewk _vK‡jI Õ70 mv‡j me w`K w`‡qB cwðgviv GwM‡q hvq|
GKB cvwK¯Ívb A_P `ªe¨g~‡j¨i wPÎ wQj- 1956-60 mv‡j cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 1 Ub Pv‡ji `vg wQj 334 UvKv, c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b 518 UvKv| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 1 Ub M‡gi `vg wQj 267 UvKv, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b 517 UvKv| 69-70 mv‡j c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b Pv‡ji `vg wQj gY cÖwZ 42.37 UvKv, cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 22 UvKv| cÖwZ †mi †Z‡ji `vg wQj cwð‡g 2.50 UvKv,
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b 5.00| GB wPÎ GKvšÍB AvswkK| cy‡iv wPÎ wQ‡jv Av‡iv fqven|
evOvwj‡`i fvlv-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ aŸs‡mi †Póv
cvwK¯Ív‡b evsjvq K_v ej‡Zv 56.40% †jvK| cvÄvwe fvlx wQj 28.5%, ckZz fvlx wQj 3.48%, wmwÜ fvlxi msL¨v wQj
5.47%, D`y© fvlx wQj 3.37%, Bs‡iRx 0.02%, †ejywP 1.29 %| 61 mv‡jI GB nvi Lye KvQvKvwQ wQj| A_P K_v †bB
evZ©v †bB Giv iv‡óªi me Kv‡R D`y© e¨envi ïiæ K‡i ‡`q| cvwK¯Ív‡bi cvPwU cÖ‡`‡ki †KvbwUi fvlv wKš‘ D`©y wQj bv| ejv
n‡jv D`y© gymjgv‡bi fvlv| ZvB D`y© n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlv| Giv †Kvb †NvlYv QvovB Õ47 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡ii cÖ_g w`‡K
†cvóKvW©, gvwb AW©vi dig, †i‡ji wU‡K‡U evsjvi e`‡j D`y© I Bs‡iRxi e¨envi ïiæ K‡i| Õ47 Gi 15 b‡f¤^i miKvi
D”PZi wmwfj mvwf©‡m 9wU fvlvi cix¶vi K_v ejv nq hv‡Z evsjv fvlvi K_v wQ‡jv bv| Zviv me evOvwj Kwe
mvwnwZ¨K‡`i †jLvI wbwl× Kivi †Póv K‡i| GK_vq ejv hvq cvwK¯Ívwbiv †kvl‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii DbœZ
mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ aŸsm K‡i evOvwj‡`i `v‡m cwiYZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv| cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡`i evOvwj we‡ivax Kg©KvÛ, mew`K
†_‡K evOvwj‡`i VMv‡bv, Zv‡`i `vm evbv‡bvi cwiKíbv, †kvl‡Yi †h ÿz`ª GKwU wPÎ ‡`qv n‡jv Zv‡Z GUv‡Zv cwi®‹vi †h,
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb bv n‡j evOvwjiv GLb Avi bvMwiK wn‡m‡e †e‡P _vK‡Z cvi‡Zvbv, cwðgv‡`i `v‡m cwiYZ n‡Zv|
GiciI †h me evOvwj GL‡bv cvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖ‡g M`M` Zv‡`i †`k‡`ªvnx wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv `iKvi bq wK?
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ÿgZvmxb gymwjg jxM, AvBqye Lv‡bi Kb‡fbkb jxM I Bqvwnqv Lvb hv K‡i‡Q Zvi meB K‡i‡Q Bmjv‡gi
bv‡g| Bmjv‡gi bv‡g Zv‡`i GB AvPiY cvwK¯Ívb‡K aŸsm K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡kI cÖvq 20/25 wUi g‡Zv Bmjvgx
`j Av‡Q hviv fv‡e Bmjvg Zv‡`i m¤ú`| A‡bK Bmjvwg `j evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Q bv| A‡b‡K evsjv‡`k‡K
cvwK¯Ívb evbv‡Z PvB‡Q| Bmjvgx Rw½ †Mvôxi DÌvb NU‡Q| Bmjv‡gi h‡_”Q e¨env‡ii ivRbxwZ hw` evsjv‡`‡k Pvjy ivLvi
my‡hvM `xN© w`b ivLv nq Z‡e GKw`b evsjv‡`‡ki Aw¯’Z¡I wecbœ n‡Z cv‡i|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmb I evOvwj‡`i Av‡›`vjb: 47-54 mvj
GB mg‡q †mvnivIqv`©x- fvmvbxi cwil` m`m¨ c` evwZj, Av‡›`vjb Kivi `v‡q AmsL¨ evOvwj cywjk nZ¨v , †R‡j Xz‡K
ivRe›`x‡`i nZ¨v, ivóªfvlv D`y© Kiv I eo eo c‡` AevOvwj wb‡qvM mn AmsL¨ c`‡ÿc †bqv nq|
Gi weiæ‡× UsK-bv‡Pvj-Lyjbv we‡`ªvn nq| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wbgœ‡kªYxi Kg©Pvix ag©NU, miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i ag©NU, †ij
kªwgK‡`i ag©NU, g~jbxwZ KwgwUi wi‡cvU© we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g evOvwjiv cÖwZev` Rvbvq| 47 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i

14

www.mjgobeshona.org
fvlv Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡q Zv i³ÿqx iƒc †bq 52 mv‡ji 21 †deiæqvix‡Z| knx` nb iwdK, mvjvg, eiKZ, ReŸvi mn
A‡b‡K| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, 48-52 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb wQ‡jv GKwU MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjb hv fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b RwoZ‡`i
mevB GKev‡K¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Gi mv‡_ evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi †Kvb m¤úK© wQ‡jv bv| wKš‘ fvlv Av‡›`vjb
evOvwj RbM‡Yi g‡bvRM‡Z GK wecøex cwieZ©b G‡b †`q| Zviv eyS‡Z ïiæ K‡i ïay gvÎ MYZš¿ w`‡q evOvwj‡`i AwaKvi
Av`vq Kiv hv‡e bv| Gi Rb¨ PvB evOvwj‡`i kvmb| cvwK¯Ívwb kvm‡bi
weiæ‡× ÔevOvwj RvZxqZv‡evaÕ Gi m„wó n‡jv fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Abb¨ Ae`vb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K
n‡jv, 52 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi wKš‘ †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `j m„wó K‡iwb| m„wó K‡i‡Q G‡`‡ki eyw×Rxex I QvÎ mgvR|
21 †deªæqvix‡K Av‡Rv kÖ×vi mv‡_ m¦iY Ki‡Z Gw`‡b knx` wgbv‡i dzj ‡`qv nq| c‡_i av‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’v‡b bvg Kiv
gvby‡li gywZ© ¯’vcb Kiv nq| G¸‡jv‡K fv®‹h© e‡j| A‡b‡K G¸‡jv‡K Bmjvg we‡ivax KvR e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡i| knx` wgbv‡i
dzj †`qv ev fv®‹h© ¯’vcb Kiv nq Z¨vMx gvbyl‡`i ¯^iY Kivi Rb¨ hv‡Z Zv‡`i K_v ¯^iY K‡i gvbyl Z¨vMx wb‡j©vf nIqvi
Aby‡cÖiYv cvq| ‡Kv_vI gvbyl cyRv K‡i bv| ejv hvq, GUv‡K Bmjvg we‡ivax e‡j cÖPviYvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Ziæb cÖRb¥‡K
evsjv‡`‡ki †MŠigeq AZxZ, mvwnZ¨- ms®‹w„ Z †_‡K mwi‡q †bqv|
54 mv‡ji wbe©vPb: cvwK¯Ívwb kvm‡bi †Pnvivi D‡¤§vPb
54 mv‡j c~e© evsjvq cÖ_g cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vPb nq| wZb evOvwj †bZv †k‡i evsjv G‡K dRjyj nK, †gŠjvbv Ave`yj
nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx I †mvnivIqv`©x wg‡j hy³d«›U MVb K‡ib| evOvwj RbMY c~e© evsjvq evOvwj‡`i kvmb Kv‡qg n‡e GB
wek¦vm wb‡q wecyj †fv‡U hy³d«›U‡K weRqx K‡i| Õ54 mv‡ji 26 gvP© G †K dRjyj nK c~e© evsjvi ÿgZv †bb| 15 Ryb
cvwK¯Ívb miKvi A‰eafv‡e nK mv‡ne‡K ÿgZvPz¨Z K‡i wb‡Riv kvmb wb‡q †bq| wKQzw`b ci evOvwj ‡bZv‡`i gv‡S
g‡Zi Awgj n‡j Zviv Avevi evOvwj †bZv‡`i nv‡Z ÿgZv wdwi‡q †`q| Gevi evOvwj cÖavb wZb †bZv wZb w`‡K P‡j hvb|
Gi gv‡SI MYZ‡š¿i wKQzUv my‡hvM Kv‡R jvwM‡q 56 mv‡ji 16 †deªæqvwi D`y©i mv‡_ evsjv‡K ivóª fvlv Kivi ¯^xK„wZ Av`vq
Kiv nq| 56 mv‡ji 12 †m‡Þ¤^i †mvnivIqv`©x cÖavbgš¿x nIqvi ci wZwb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †hŠ_ cÖ_v wbe©vPbx e¨¯’v Pvjy
K‡ib| 1957 mv‡ji 7 I 8 †deªæqvwi KvMgvix m‡¤§j‡b ciivóª bxwZ I ¯^vqZ¡kvm‡bi cÖ‡kœ fvmvbx I †mvnivIqv`©xi gv‡S
cÖPÛ we‡iva jv‡M| 7 †deªæqvwi gvIjvbv fvmvbx KvMgvix m‡¤§j‡b c~e© evsjvi ¯^vqZ¡kvmb Av`vq bv n‡j cwðg cvwK¯Ívb‡K
Av”Qvjvgy AvjvBKzg Rvbv‡bvi evmbv cÖKvk K‡ib| fvmvbx 57 mv‡ji 24 I 25 RyjvB iƒcgnj wm‡bgv n‡j MYZvwš¿K Kg©x
m‡¤§jb Wv‡Kb| b¨vc MwVZ nq| ¯^vqZ¡kvmb cÖ‡kœ †kL gywRe †mvnivIqv`©xi mv‡_ GKgZ nbwb| b¨v‡ci msm` m`m¨‡`i
Kvi‡Y Nb Nb miKv‡ii cwieZ©b n‡Z _v‡K| Gme †Mvjgv‡ji Kvi‡Y 58 mv‡ji 23 †m‡Þ¤^i †WcywU ¯úxKvi kv‡n` Avjx
¸iæZifv‡e AvnZ n‡q 25 †m‡Þ¤^i nvmcvZv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
AvBqye Lv‡bi ÿgZv `Lj
GB my‡hvM wb‡q evOvwj‡`i Dci †kvlY wPi¯’vqx Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ‡Rbv‡ij BmKv›`vi gxR©v Õ58 mv‡ji 7 A‡±vei mviv‡`‡k
mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡ib| Õ58 mv‡ji 28 A‡±vei gxR©v‡K c`Py¨Z K‡i AvBqye Lvb †cÖwm‡W›U c`wU `Lj K‡i †bb|
AvBqye Lvb kvmb ÿgZv †bqvi ci Zvi kvmb ¯’vqx Kivi j‡ÿ¨ MYZš¿‡K KvUQvU K‡ib| 59 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb‡K 80000
¯’vbxh A‡j fvM K‡i cÖwZfv‡Mi Rb¨ GKRb K‡i RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa Kivi weavb K‡ib| G‡`i ejv n‡Zv
†gŠwjK MYZš¿x ev wewW †g¤^vi| wbqg K‡ib G‡`i †fv‡U †cÖwm‡W›U, RvZxq msm` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vPb n‡e| GB
†g¤^vi‡`i wfov‡bvi Rb¨ GjvKvi Dbœq‡bi `vwqZ¡ w`‡q †m UvKv †jvcvU Kivi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|

15

www.mjgobeshona.org
 GB `yb©xwZMÖ¯’ wewW †g¤^vi‡`i †fv‡U me †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b wZwb Rqx nb I
Zvi g‡bvbxZ msm` weRqx nq| 62 mv‡j wZwb GKwU kvmbZš¿ †`b| Õ62 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q kixd Kwgk‡bi wi‡c©vU
cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z ejv nq, D`©y‡K RbM‡Yi fvlvq cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡e, cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq fvlv Ki‡j Zv Aviex‡Z Kiv
hyw³msMZ, D`©y I evsjv eY© gvjv ms¯‹vi K‡i Zv ‡ivgvb eY©gvjvq A¶ivšÍ Kivi wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e, A‰eZwbK wk¶v Zz‡j
w`‡Z n‡e, wk¶v‡K cY¨ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e, mœvZK †Kvm©‡K `yB eQ‡ii ¯’‡j wZb eQ‡ii Ki‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw`|
Qv·`i Av‡›`vjb cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z Õ63 mv‡ji w`‡K AvBqye Lv‡bi GKvšÍ AbyMZ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †gvbv‡qg Lvb QvÎ
msMVb Gb Gm Gd Gi Qv·`i A‰bwZK wKQz my‡hvM myweav w`‡q miKv‡ii c‡¶ Uvb‡Z m¶g nb |
bZzb `j Kb‡fbkb gymwjg jx‡M AvBqye †hvM †`b Õ63 mv‡ji 22
†g| 63 mv‡ji 24 wW‡m¤^i AvBqye Lvb Kb‡fbkb gymwjg jx‡Mi †cÖwm‡W›U n‡q ivóªxq ¶gZvi cvkvcvwk `jxq ÿgZvI
KzwÿMZ K‡ib |
Av‡›`vjb †_‡K RbM‡Yi `„wó Ab¨ w`‡K wdiv‡Z AvBqye Lvb 65 mv‡ji 6 †m‡Þ¤^i fvi‡Zi
mv‡_ hy× jvwM‡q †`b| 23 †m‡Þ¤^i hy× _v‡g| Õ67 mv‡j AvBqy‡ei gš¿xiv c‡njv ˆekvL I iex›`ª RqšÍx cvjb‡K we‡`kx
ms¯‹…wZ I Bmjvg we‡ivax, iex›`ªbv‡_i Mvb‡K cvwK¯Ívwb Av`‡k©i cwicš’x, we`¨vmvMi, gvB‡Kj gaymy`b `Ë, ew¼gP›`ª‡K
PµvšÍKvix e‡j ejv ïiæ K‡ib| ‡gvbv‡qg Lvb‡Zv cvKcš’x †jLK‡`i †W‡K iex›`ªm½xZ †jLvi ZvwM` †`b| evOvwj mvwnZ¨
ms®‹…wZ aŸsm Ki‡Z Giv wQj D¤§v` cÖvq| 68 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi gvgjvq †kL gywRe‡K
Rov‡bv nq| GB gvgjv‡K ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÕ AvL¨vwqZ K‡i miKvi wePv‡ii ûgwK w`‡Z _v‡K| 69 mvj ch©šÍ
wZwb Pig `gbbxwZ Pvwj‡q ÿgZvq _vKvi †Póv K‡ib I c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi m¤ú` cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cvPvi K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l
MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi gy‡L 1969 mv‡ji 25gvP© ÔAvwg Avi RvZxq HK¨ iÿv Ki‡Z cvijvg bvÕ e‡j ÿgZv †Q‡o w`‡Z eva¨ nb |
AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ †Mvcb msMVb: 58 mvj ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ívwb †bZv‡`i Kg©KvÛ I Zvi weiæ‡× evOvwj †bZv‡`i
cÖwZ‡iva †`‡L hyemgv‡Ri GK Ask †Mvcb msMVb K‡i mk¯¿fv‡e hy× K‡i †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi D‡`¨vM †bb| GB ai‡bi
msMVb¸‡jv wQj B÷ †e½j wjev‡ikb cvwU©, †e½j wjev‡ikb G‡mvwm‡qkb, B÷ cvwK¯Ívb wjev‡ikb d«›U, e½evwnbx, Ac~e©
msm`| Õ59 -Õ62 mv‡ji gv‡S M‡o DVv GB me msMVb †Kvb mvnwmK ivR‰bwZK †bZv ev eo msMV‡bi mg_©‡bi Afv‡e I
miKvwi wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y Õ64 mv‡ji wfZi eÜ n‡q hvq| Z‡e GUv ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB nq nvRvi eQ‡ii evOvwj RvwZi
BwZnv‡m GB RvZxq D‡`¨vM wQ‡jv GB cÖ_g|
evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cÖKvk¨ msMV‡bi Avov‡j _vKv †Mvcb msMVb:
62 mv‡j wmivRyj Avjg Lvb, Ave`yi iv¾vK, KvRx Av‡id Avng` QvÎjx‡Mi Af¨šÍ‡i Ô¯^vaxb evsjv wecøex cwil`Õ MVb
K‡ib hv †`ke¨vcx ÔwbDwK¬qvmÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| Av‡Mi †Mvcb msMVb¸‡jvi mv‡_ wbDwK¬qv‡mi cv_©K¨ wQ‡jv GB †h
wbDwK¬qvm GKwU eo QvÎ msMVb QvÎjxM‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡VwQ‡jv| Gi cÖgvY wg‡j miKvwi GK †Mvcb cÖwZ‡e`‡b|
1962 mv‡ji GK miKvwi GK †Mvcb cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq, ÔXvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q gywR‡ei cÖvavb¨ evo‡Q| QvÎjx‡Mi Pigcš’x
I kvmbZš¿cš’x Dc`‡ji gv‡S `yiZ¡ K‡g Avm‡Q...|Õ GB Pigcš’x Dc`jwUB wQj wbDwK¬qvm| Giv Õ71 mvj ch©šÍ me
MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjb‡K evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi †Póv Pvwj‡q‡Q Ges mdj n‡q‡Q| c‡i GB e¨vcv‡i
Av‡iv Z_¨ i‡q‡Q

16

www.mjgobeshona.org
MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjb:58-65
Õ65 mvj ch©šÍ AvBqye we‡ivax †hŠ_ Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j bvqK wQ‡jv QvÎ BDwbqb, QvÎjxM, QvÎ kw³, QvÎ †dWv‡ikb|
†dWv‡ikb 63 mv‡j AvBqye mg_©K n‡q hvq| cÖ_g wZb QvÎ msMVbB wQj evOvwj ¯^v‡_©i c‡ÿ hw`I ¯^v_© Av`v‡qi †KŠkj
wQj wfbœ| QvÎ BDwbqb g‡b Ki‡Zv, MYZvwš¿K Dcv‡q cvwK¯Ív‡b mgvRZš¿ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cvi‡jB evOvwj‡`i AwaKvimn
Mixe gvby‡li AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kiv hv‡e| QvÎkw³ MYZvwš¿K I Bmjvwg ivóª cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g evOvwj‡`i AwaKvi Av`vq m¤¢e
g‡b Ki‡Zv| QvÎjx‡M `yBwU gZ wQ‡jv| GK c‡ÿi gZ wQ‡jv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ívwb KvVv‡gv‡ZB evOvwj‡`i
AwaKvi Av`vq m¤¢e| Av‡iK c‡ÿi gZ wQ‡jv ¯^vaxbZvi †Kvb weKí †bB| GB g‡Zi Abymvwi‡`i ejv n‡Zv
wbDwK¬qvmcš’x ev Pigcš’x|
Õ59, 60, 61 mv‡j fvlv w`em‡K †K›`ª K‡i QvÎiv ‡hŠ_fv‡e knx` w`em cvj‡bi gva¨‡g mxwgZ AvKv‡i AvBqye we‡ivax
Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ K‡i| Õ62 mv‡ji 31 Rvbyqvwi †mvnivIqv`©xi †MÖdZvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i, 62 mv‡ji 1 gvP© bZzb kvmbZš¿
†NvlYv Ki‡j, Õ62 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q kixd Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© cÖKvwkZ n‡j cÖKvk¨ †hŠ_ QvÎ Av‡›`vjb nq| QvÎ
ag©NU, miKvwi cwÎKv cywo‡q †`qv, gš¿x‡`i bv‡Rnvj Kiv, cywj‡ki mv‡_ msNl©, cywj‡ki wc¯Íj wQwb‡q †bqv, cywj‡ki
evm cywo‡q †`qv, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wRIwm‡K (†mbvevwnbxi cªavb KZ©v) avIqv Kiv, evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b e¨vcKfv‡e
AvBqy‡ei d‡Uv fv½v, wgwQ‡j ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki †¯øvMvb ‡`qv BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g Av‡›`vjb P‡j| wkÿv Av‡›`vj‡b knx` nb
eveyj, †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv (ev‡mi KÛvKUvi), IqvwRDjøvn (M„n f„Z¨) mn A‡b‡K| 64 mv‡ji 22 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
mgveZ©b Drm‡e QvÎiv jsKvKvÛ NUvq| †gvbv‡qg Lvb jvwÂZ nb| Õ65 mvj ch©šÍ QvÎiv Zv‡`i R½x Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ
iv‡L|
ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i AvBqye we‡ivax cÖ_g Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq 62 mv‡ji 25 Ryb 9 Rb ivRbxwZwe` kvmbZ‡š¿i mgv‡jvPbv
K‡i GK wee„wZ †`qvi gva¨‡g hv ivRbxwZ‡Z Ôbq †bZvi wee„wZÕ e‡j L¨vZ| 8 RyjvB AvDUvi †÷wWqv‡g AvBqye we‡ivax
cÖ_g Rbmfv nq b~iæj Avwg‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡| Õ62 mv‡ji 24 †m‡Þ¤^i kvmbZ‡š¿i MYZš¿vqb-GB GKwU `vwe‡Z jv‡nv‡i
MYZvwš¿K d«›U (Gb wW Gd) MwVZ nq | 2 A‡±vei †gv‡bg Luv Mfb©i nb| Gb wWGd Gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vKv Ae¯’v‡ZB G cÖ‡`‡k
63 mv‡ji 11 †g b¨vc, KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM, RvgvZ I AvIqvgx jxM‡K wb‡q 4 `‡ji GKwU ÔmsMÖvg KwgwUÕ MwVZ nq|Õ
63 mv‡ji 5 wW‡m¤^i †mvnivIqv`©x ˆeiæ‡Z gviv hvb| Zvi g„Zz¨i ci †kL gywRe Õ64 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi AvIqvgx jxM
cybM©wVZ K‡ib hv evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x ivRbxwZi mnvqK nq| Õ64 mv‡ji 28 †deªæqvwi b¨vc cybM©wVZ nq| Õ64 mv‡ji
23 RyjvB D‡jøwLZ `j¸‡jv wb‡q Kc (Combined opposition party-cop) MwVZ nq| Õ63 mv‡ji 29 gvP©, 1
A‡±vei, Õ64 mv‡ji 18 †deªæqvwi fvmvbx I b¨vc AvBqye Lvb I miKv‡ii Kv‡Ri f~qmx cÖksmv K‡i wee„wZ †`q| Kc wgm&
wRbœvn‡K †cÖwm‡W›U c‡` g‡bvbqb †`q| Õ65 mv‡ji 2 Rvbyqvwi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b †gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡`i †fv‡U AvBqye Lvb
Rqx nb| Õ65 mv‡ji 21 gvP© RvZxq cwil` I 15 †g cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡b Kb‡fbkb jxM wR‡Z |

17

www.mjgobeshona.org
Av‡›`vjb: 66-69 mv‡ji 25 gvP©
Õ66 mv‡j G‡m Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖÿvcU e`‡j hvq| cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb me we‡ivax `j AvBqye we‡ivax GKwU HK¨ Movi j‡ÿ¨
jv‡nv‡i wgwjZ nb| †kL gywRe †mB mfvq evOvwj‡`i ¯^v_© Avjv`vfv‡e we‡ePbvi `vwe Rvbv‡j ‡KDB Zuvi K_v gvb‡Z ivRx
nbwb| d‡j †kL gywRe ˆeVK †Q‡o 11 †deªæqvwi jv‡nv‡i e‡mB 6 `dv `vwei †NvlYv †`b|
13 †deªæqvwi 6 `dv `vwei cÖwZ mg_©b Rvwb‡q cÖ_g wee„wZ †`q PÆMÖvg †Rjv AvIqvgx jxM| 15 †deªæqvwi QvÎjxM 6
`dv‡K mg_©b Rvbvq| 19 †deªæqvwi XvKv ev‡ii 22 Rb AvBbRxex GK wee„wZ‡Z 6 `dv‡K mg_©b Rvbvb| †kL gywRe Õ66
mv‡ji 25 †deªæqvwi PÆMÖv‡gi jvj`xwN‡Z 6 `dvi c‡¶ cÖ_g Rbmfv K‡ib| 6 `dv wKš‘ ZL‡bv `jxq †dviv‡g cvk
nqwb| Õ66 mv‡ji 18 gvP© cÖv‡`wkK AvIqvgx jxM m‡¤§j‡b 6 `dv M„nxZ nq| Õ66 mv‡ji 18 GwcÖj AvBqye †kL gywRe‡K
†MÖdZvi K‡i| cvjvµ‡g AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖvq me wmwbqi †bZv‡`i †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| A‡bK AvIqvg jxM †bZv 6 `dvi
we‡ivwaZv K‡i AvIqvgx jxM †Q‡o †`b|
6 `dvi g~j K_v wQ‡jv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ wfbœ A_©bxwZ, wfbœ we‡`k evwYR¨, wfbœ †mbvevwnbx, wfbœfv‡e Ki Av`vq BZ¨vw`
hv wQ‡jv cÖKviv‡šÍ ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe|
Õ66 mv‡ji 15 †deªæqvwi 6 `dvi cÖ_g we‡ivwaZv K‡i 65 mvj ch©šÍ _vKv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wgÎ LvRv bvwR‡gi KvDwÝj
gymwjg jxM| Gici †_‡K Õ71 Gi 25 gvP© ch©šÍ cwðgv ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv I Zv‡`i Abymvwi c~‡e©i `j¸‡jv
jvMvZvifv‡e 6 `dvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Q| Õ66 mv‡ji 7 GwcÖj fvmvbx †NvlYv †`b wZwb 6 `dv gv‡bb bv KviY G‡Z †kvlY
gyw³i †Kvb `vwe †bB| GiB gv‡S AvIqvgxjxM, QvÎjxM GKKfv‡e AvBqye Lv‡bi †gvKv‡ejvq 6 `dvi c‡ÿ 66 mv‡ji 7
Ryb †`ke¨vcx niZvj Avnevb K‡i Ges XvKv PÆMÖvgmn mviv †`‡k niZvj mdj K‡i| Gw`b †emiKvwi wnmve g‡Z wbnZ
nq kZvwaK, AvnZ nq mnmªvwaK|
7 Ryb niZv‡ji mdjZv †`‡L Gevi wewfbœ `j AvIqvgx jxM‡K mv‡_ wb‡q HK¨ K‡i AvBqye cZ‡bi Av‡›`vj‡b gwiqv n‡q
D‡V| Õ66 mv‡ji 18 RyjvB fvmvbx GK mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b 6 `dvi weiæ‡× we‡lv`Mvi K‡i e‡jb, Ô¯^vqËkvmb gv‡b
wew”QbœZv bq| cÖ‡qvR‡b Avwg †kl i³ we›`y w`‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi msnwZ i¶v Ki‡ev|Õ 66 mv‡ji 15 †m‡Þ¤^i AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
Kvh©Kix m¤úv`K wg‡mm Av‡gbv †eMg wewfbœ `‡ji H‡K¨i `vwe bvKP K‡i w`‡q 6 `dv †g‡b Av‡›`vj‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbvb|
Õ67 mv‡ji 17 gvP© QvÎjx‡Mi m‡¤§j‡b wecyj msL¨K †bZv-Kg©xi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z 6 `dv cvk nq| 67 mv‡ji 2 †g 6 `dvi
weiæ‡× _vKv we‡ivax `jxq ‡bZviv ÒcvwK¯Ívb MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjbÓ (Pakistan Democratic movement) ev wcwWGg
bvg w`‡q 8 `dv `vwe †ck Ki‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GKvsk G‡Z †hvM †`q| 67 mv‡ji 19 AvM÷ †nv‡Uj B‡W‡b KvDwÝj
Awa‡ekb ïiæ n‡j wcwWGg G †hvM bv †`qvi cÖ¯Íve AvIqvgx jxM Aby‡gv`b K‡i| KvDw݇j 6 `dv M„nxZ I 8 `dv evwZj
n‡q hvq| G m‡¤§j‡b 6 `dv M„nxZ bv n‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRbxwZ wfbœLv‡Z cÖevwnZ n‡Zv Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| G
e¨vcv‡i mePvB‡Z ewjô f~wgKvq wQj Pigcš’x AvIqvgxjxM †bZv Gg G AvwRR I QvÎjx‡Mi gv‡S DMÖcš’x e‡j Kw_Z
QvÎiv| GBme NUbvejx BwZnv‡m bv Avb‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb Lye mn‡R n‡qwQj|
67 mv‡j evg avivi msMVb wm wc B wc evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ GK Kg©m~wP †ck K‡i| Zv‡`i gZ wQ‡jv GB ¯^vaxbZv
Avb‡Z n‡e kÖwgK †kÖYxi †bZ…‡Z¡| hw`I kÖwgKiv KL‡bv †kÖYx †PZbv wb‡q ÿgZv `L‡ji kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z nqwb| ZvB
Õ67 mv‡j †`qv ¯^vaxbZvi WvK †KejgvÎ `jxq Kg©x‡`i gv‡SB †h mxgve× wQj Zv‡Z m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB| GB e³e¨
mKj evg ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ¯^vaxbZvi AvnŸv‡bi e¨vcv‡i GKwU mvaviY mZ¨|

18

www.mjgobeshona.org
68 mv‡ji 18 Rvbyqvwi miKvi GK †NvlYvi gva¨‡g ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvqÕ ‡kL gywRe‡K Rovq| †kL gywRe‡K duvmv‡Z
wM‡q miKvi wb‡RB †du‡m hvq| Av`vj‡Z gvgjv PjvKv‡j gvgjvi mIqvj-Rev‡ei weeiYx ï‡b RbMY AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
cÖwZ Av‡iv AvK…ó n‡Z _v‡K| AvMiZjv gvgjv‡K †K›`ª K‡i QvÎjx‡Mi ¯^vaxbZvcš’xiv bZzb bZzb RvZxqZvev`x †køvMvb
w`‡Z _v‡K| GB eQi Zv‡`i †køvMvb wQj, Avgvi †`k †Zvgvi †`k-evsjv‡`k evsjv‡`k, Avgvi †Zvgvi wVKvbv-cÙv †gNbv
hgybv, Avgvi evwo †Zvgvi evwo-MÖvg evsjvi cÖwZ evwo, wcwÛ bv XvKv-XvKv XvKv, GK †bZv GK †`k-†kL gywR‡ei evsjv‡`k
BZ¨vw`| wcwÛ wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx| nvRvi eQ‡ii evOvwj RvwZi BwZnv‡m cÖKv‡k¨ GB ai‡bi †¯øvMvb 1968 mv‡jB
cÖ_g †`qv nq| Õ68 mv‡ji 19 A‡±vei AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wØ-evwl©K m‡¤§j‡b 8 `dvcš’x AvIqvgx jxMvi‡`i ewn®‹vi Kiv
nq|
68 mv‡ji 24 I 25 †deªæqvwi fvmvbxi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ Uv½vB‡j b¨v‡ci KvDw݇j 6 `dv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i G‡K D`xqgvb
ey‡R©vqv †kªYxi ¯^v_© m¤^wjZ `vwe e‡j D‡jøL Kiv nq| 68 mv‡ji 21 gvP© QvÎjx‡Mi †K›`ªxq m‡¤§j‡b b¨v‡ci (†gv)
gwnDwÏb Avng` 6 `dv‡K mg_©b Rvbvb| Õ68 mv‡ji 25 gvP© fvmvbx-fy‡Æv mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ hy³d«›U MVb K‡ib| 1968
mv‡ji 1 wW‡m¤^i wmivR wmK`vi c~e© evsjvq RvZxq MYZvwš¿K wecø‡ei AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Õ68 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i G‡m
Av‡›`vj‡bi nvj a‡ib ‡gŠjvbv fvmvbx| Zuvi R¡vjvI †cvovI †NivI Av‡›`vjb ivRbxwZ‡Z bZzb MwZi mÂvi K‡i|
Õ69 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi me©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` †hŠ_fv‡e HwZnvwmK 11 `dv `vwe cÖYqb K‡i| 11 `dvq 6 `dv
AšÍf³
©y nq| Ab¨vb¨ `vwe‡Z K…lK, kÖwgK, Qv·`i `vwe Aš©Ífz³ nq|
69 mv‡ji 8 Rvbyqvwi 8wU we‡ivax`j-wcwWGgcš’x AvIqvgx jxM, GbwWGd, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvg, †bRv‡g Bmjvg, KvDwÝj
gymwjg jxM, †gvRvddi b¨vc, Rwgq‡Z Ijvgv‡q Bmjvg I 6 `dvcš’x AvIqvgx jxM wg‡j Ô‡W‡gv‡µwUK A¨vKkb KwgwUÕ
ms‡¶‡c ÔWvKÕ MwVZ nq| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ÔWvKÕ G hvIqvi D‡Ïk¨ wQ‡jv ÔWvKÕ †bZv‡`i e¨envi K‡i †kL gywRe‡K gy³
Kiv| Avi ÔWvKÕ Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQ‡jv AvIqvgx jxM I Qv·`i e¨envi K‡i AvBqye‡K nwV‡q ÿgZv `Lj| Gevi ïiæ nq
ÔWvKÕ ebvg QvÎmsMÖvg cwil‡`i Av‡›`vj‡bi cvëvcvwë †KŠkj|
ÔWvKÕ 69 mv‡ji 17 Rvbyqvwi `vwe w`em cvjb K‡i| Qv·`i 6dv I 11 `dv I ¯^vaxbZvi †Kvb †¯øvMvb hv‡Z ÔWvKÕ
wgwQ‡j D”PvwiZ bv nq †m j‡¶ Zviv †¯øvMvb wbwÏ©ó K‡i ‡`q| ÔWvKÕ 20 Rvbyqvwi niZvj †`q| QvÎiv GKB w`‡b
Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP w`‡q WvK Gi Kg©m~wPi gv‡S 6 `dv, 11 `dv, ¯^vaxbZvi †¯øvMv‡b gyLwiZ K‡i †Zv‡j mgMÖ †`k| 20
Rvbyqvwi cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z Avmv` wbnZ nb, AvnZ nq 3 Rb| 21 I 24 Rvbyqvwi QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` 24 Rvbyqvwi niZvj
K‡i| miKvi XvKvi wewfbœ wgwQ‡j ¸wj Pvwj‡q nZ¨v K‡i †kL iæ¯Íg Avjx (18), gwZDi ingvb (10), gKeyj ûuwkqvix
(15) mn A‡bK‡K| 25 Rvbyqvwi XvKvi bvLvjcvovq wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq ¸wjel©‡Y Av‡bvqviv LvZzb wbnZ nb|
Gw`b QvÎ Bg`v` cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wbnZ nq| Õ69 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvwi‡Z AvBqye e‡jb, kvmbZš¿ cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| Lvb G meyi Av‡›`vj‡bi MwZ cÖK…wZ †`‡L 1 †deªæqvwi RvZxq cwil‡` e‡jb, weRvZxq fveavivq AbycÖvwYZ (m¤¢eZ
wZwb evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i cÖwZ Bw½Z w`w”Q‡jb) e¨w³‡`i nv‡Z NUbvcÖev‡ni D‡`¨vM P‡j hv‡”Q| 5 †deªæqvwi AvBqye
Lvb Rvbvb Õ69 mv‡ji 17 †deªæqvwi †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeVK n‡e| QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeV‡Ki we‡ivwaZv K‡i| Õ69
mv‡ji 10 †deªæqvwi ÔWvKÕ ˆeV‡K AvIqvgx jxM ÔWvKÕ Gi `vwe wnmv‡e AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I †kL gywR‡ei gyw³i
`vwe‡K ‡Mvj‡Uwej ˆeV‡K †hvM`v‡bi c~e©kZ© wnmv‡e †NvlYv Kivi `vwe Rvbvq| 11 †deªæqvwi XvKvq Ô6 `dv w`emÕ I
PÆMÖvg †Rjvq ÔgywRe w`emÕ cvwjZ nq| 11 †deªæqvwi AvIqvgx jxM ‡NvlYv †`q †kL gywR‡ei gyw³ Qvov Zviv †Mvj‡Uwej

19

www.mjgobeshona.org
ˆeV‡K hv‡e bv| 14 †deªæqvwi ÔWvKÕ Gi mfvg `Lj K‡i †d‡j QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`| cë‡b j¶ j¶ †jv‡Ki mgv‡e‡k
mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib b~iæj Avwgb| mfv cwiPvjbv K‡ib WvKmy mn-mfvcwZ †Zvdv‡qj Avng`| wZwb mfvi cy‡iv wbqš¿Y wb‡q
†bb| WvKÕ‡K AKvh©Ki K‡i †`qv nq| Õ69 mv‡ji 14 †deªæqvwi b¨vc (†gv) 11 `dv‡K mg_©b Rvbvq| 6 `dv I 11
`dv‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z Qv·`i †KŠkj wQ‡jv D‡jøL Kivi `vwe iv‡L|
Õ69 mv‡ji 15 †deªæqvwi XvKv †mbvwbev‡m AvMiZjv gvgjvi Kw_Z Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûiæj nK‡K I 18 †deªæqvwi
ivRkvnx‡Z ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K cvwK¯Ívwbiv nZ¨v Ki‡j mviv evsjv‡`‡k mwnsm we‡ÿvf Qwo‡q
c‡i| 16 †deªyqvwi QvÎiv ag©NU cvjb K‡i| fvmvbxi BgvgwZ‡Z cë‡b Mv‡qevbv RvbvRvi ci Zuvi AvnŸv‡b RbZv miKvwi
†bZv I gš¿x‡`i Nievwo R¡vjv‡Z _v‡K| AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePvi‡Ki evwo AvµgY K‡i| Gi d‡j wePviK Ggb fq cvb
†h, wZwb wePvi Ki‡Z AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b P‡j hvb| W. †Rvnv nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` 19 †deªæqvwi XvKvq
RbZvi mwnsm wgwQ‡j ¸wj K‡i miKvi 20 R‡bi gZ †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| mviv †`‡k A‡bK wbnZ nq| Gg G AvwRR I
†eMg dwRjZz‡bœQvi gywR‡ei `vwe †g‡b wb‡q ‡kL gywRe c¨v‡iv‡j (A_©vr hZw`b Av‡jvPbv Pj‡e ZZw`b gywRe gy³ †_‡K
Av‡jvPbvq Ask wb‡Z cvi‡eb, Av‡jvPbv †k‡l Zv‡K Avevi KvivMv‡i wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡e) gyw³ wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| †kL
gywRe hw` c¨v‡iv‡j gyw³ wb‡Zb Z‡e 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb Avev‡iv wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡Zv|
20 †deªæqvwi miKvi mvܨ AvBb I 144 aviv Zz‡j †bq| 22 †deªæqvwi †kL gywRe gyw³ jvf K‡ib| GKB mv‡_ gwY wmsmn
34 Rb ivRe›`x gyw³ cvb| QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i D‡`¨v‡M 23 †deªæqvwi †Nvo †`Šo gq`v‡b †kL gywRe‡K msea©bv †`qv
nq| mfvi GK ch©v‡q †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` wecyj KiZvwji g‡a¨ †kL gywRe‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa †`b| Ôe½eÜzÕ DcvwawU
wbe©vwPZ K‡iwQ‡jv ¯^vaxbZvcš’x QvÎjxM †bZv XvKv K‡j‡Ri †iRvDj nK †gv¯ÍvK Ges QvÎjx‡Mi wm×v‡šÍ GB Dcvwa †`qv
nq| 24 †deªæqvwi e½eÜy †kL gywRe †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeV‡Ki Av‡jvPbvq †hvM w`‡Z hvb| 25 †deªæqvwi wcwÛ‡Z †Mvj‡Uwej
ˆeVK ïiæ n‡jI 10 gvP© ch©šÍ gyjZex n‡q hvq| 10 gvP© AbywôZ †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeV‡K e½eÜz e‡jb, AvÂwjK
¯^vqZ¡kvm‡bi Rb¨ 6 `dv I A_©‡bwZK gyw³i Rb¨ 11 `dvi ev¯Íevqb cÖ‡qvRb| Õ69 mv‡ji 9 gvP© jv‡nv‡i fvmvbx †NvlYv
K‡ib, cÖ‡qvR‡b msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q 11 `dv cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e| wZwb RbMY‡K cÖ‡qvR‡b M„nhy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡Z e‡jb|
10 gvP© †gŠ. fvmvbx b¨vc I wccjm cvwU©i mv‡_ RbMYZš¿ Kv‡q‡gi Rb¨ GKwU Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡ib 11 `dv wem©Rb w`‡q|
11 gvP© fvmvbx ÔWvKÕ Gi cÖ¯Ív‡e m‡šÍvl cÖKvk K‡ib A_P WvK Gi cÖ¯Ív‡e 11 `dvi b~¨bZg cÖwZdjb wQ‡jv bv|
†Mvj‡Uwe‡j ˆeV‡K gvÎ `yÕwU cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ n‡qwQ‡jv-1. cvj©v‡g›Uvix miKvi 2. cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i †fvUvwaKvi|Õ69 mv‡ji 25
gvP© AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK AvBb Rvix K‡i ¶gZv ‡`b mvgwiK evwnbx cÖavb Bqvwnqv Lvb‡K|
jÿYxq, AvIqvgx jxM-fvmvbx b¨vc-†gvRvd&di b¨v‡ci gv‡S †Kvb HK¨ bv n‡jI Zv‡`i mn‡hvMx msMVb QvÎjxM I QvÎ
BDwbq‡bi Dfq MÖæc HK¨e× Av‡›`vj‡b bv‡g| GUvB wQj †m mg‡qi QvÎ ivRbxwZi ˆewkó¨| evOvwji Av‡›`vj‡bi
BwZnv‡m Õ59 †_‡K Õ69 mvj ch©šÍ QvÎjxM-QvÎ BDwbqb Dfq MÖæ‡ci Kg©KvÛ Ges GB Av‡›`vj‡bi duvK w`‡q QvÎjx‡Mi
DÌv‡bi K_v bv ej‡j Zv †Kvb BwZnvmB nq bv A_P ZvB Kivi †Póv Pj‡Q Aweivg|
62 mvj †_‡K †h me Qv·bZv wewfbœ mvnwmK Av‡›`vj‡b RwoZ wQ‡jb Zv‡`i A‡b‡Ki gv‡S wQ‡jb QvÎjx‡Mi kvn gyqv¾g
†nv‡mb, Ievq`yi ingvb, †kL dRjyj nK gwY, wmivRyj Avjg Lvb, Ave`yi iv¾vK, †di‡`Šm Avng` †Kv‡ikx, gvRnviæj
nK evKx, Ave`yi iDd, †Zvdv‡qj Avng`, KvRx Av‡id Avng`, Lv‡j` †gvnv¤§` Avjx, by‡i Avjg wmwÏwK, Av m g ie,

20

www.mjgobeshona.org
kvRvnvb wmivR, Ave`yj KzÏym gvLb, QvÎ BDwbq‡bi †gv. dinv`, KvRx Rvdi, iv‡k` Lvb †gbb, †gv¯Ídv Rvgvj nvq`vi,
nvq`i AvKei Lvb i‡bv, gwZqv †PŠayix, mvBdzwÏb Avng` gvwbK, mvgmy‡Ïvnv, gvneye Djøvn cÖgyL|

Bqvwnqv 25 gvP© ¶gZv MÖn‡Yi ci †NvlYv †`b cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ n‡e| 28 gvP© †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv kvmbZ‡š¿i
g~jbxwZ †NvlYv K‡ib hv‡Z ejv nq, cvwK¯Ív‡bi ÿgZvq †hB hvK bv †Kb Zv‡K Bmjvwg ivóª Ki‡Z n‡e| 29 gvP©
†cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av‡`k †NvlYv †`b hv‡Z ejv nq wbe©vwPZ RvZxq cwil` †h kvmbZš¿B w`K bv †Kb
Zv †cÖwm‡W›U KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z n‡Z n‡e| Aby‡gv`b bv Ki‡j RvZxq cwil‡`i wejywß NU‡e| Zvi gv‡b n‡jv wbe©vP‡b †h
`jB wRZzK bv †Kb Bqvwnqv hv ej‡eb Zv‡`i ZvB Ki‡Z n‡e| e½eÜz GB kZ© †g‡bB wbe©vP‡b hvb I c‡i GB me k‡Z©i
cÖwZ e„×v½ywj †`wL‡q evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib|
Bqvwnqvi Avg‡j ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ
Õ69 mv‡ji 22 Ryb e½eÜz †NvlYv †`b, 11 `dvi wfwˇZ kvmbZš¿ iwPZ n‡Z n‡e| 18 RyjvB e‡jb, Ô`wi`ª RbM‡Yi b¨vh¨
`vwe cÖwZôvi Rb¨B Avgvi msMÖvg| Avwg GKRb mgvRZš¿x|Õ 1 AvM÷ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †gwb‡d‡óv‡Z 11 `dv M„nxZ nq|
Õ70 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi QvÎjx‡Mi cÖwZôvevwl©Kx‡Z GK e³‡e¨ e½eÜy b¨v‡ci HK¨‡RvU MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve‡K evwZj K‡i e‡jb,
ÔivR‰bwZK myweavev‡`i R‡b¨ AvIqvgx jxM †RvU MVb Ki‡e bv|Õ 7 gvP© e‡jb, ÔAvgvi `j ¶gZvmxb n‡j K…lK‡`i Ki
gIKzd, kªwgK‡`i jf¨vsk †`qv n‡e|Õ 8 gvP© e‡jb, ÔAvgvi `j ¶gZvq †M‡j 25 weNv ch©šÍ Rwgi LvRbv gIKzd Kiv
n‡e|Õ 70 mv‡ji 6 Ryb Dfq cÖ‡`‡ki KvDw݇j wbwLj cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jxM †NvlYv †`q, GK‡PwUqv cywRev`, mvgšÍev`,
Rwg`vix, RvqMxi`vix, mi`vixi we‡jvc mvab K‡i MYZvwš¿K KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ mgvRZ‡š¿i wfwˇZ ‡`‡k mvg¨ev`x A_©bxwZ
cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g gvbyl‡K gvby‡li gh©v`vq mgybœZ Kiv n‡e| 7 Ryb †im‡Kv‡m© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GK wekvj Rbmgy‡`ª e½eÜz
Bmjvgcš’x `j Rvgv‡Zi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb GB `jwU Bmjv‡gi fzj e¨vL¨v w`‡q Bmjvg we‡ivax KvR Ki‡Q| 7 Ryb
†im‡Kv‡m©i gq`v‡b ÔRq evsjv †¯^”Qv‡meK evwnbxÕi e¨vbv‡i QvÎjx‡Mi Pigcš’xiv evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv nv‡Z wgwQj K‡i| G
wgwQj †im‡Kv‡m© G‡m e½eÜz‡K Awfb›`b Rvbvq| mfvq ¯^vaxbZvi †¯øvMvb D‡V| g‡Âi wcQ‡b Rqevsjv †¯øvMvb wj‡L
GKwU †d÷zb jvMvb nq| GB cZvKv P~ovšÍfv‡e evwb‡qwQ‡jb wke bvivqb `vm bv‡gi GKRb ¯^vaxbZvcš’x QvÎjxM Kg©x|
wkíx Kvgiæj nvmvb cZvKvi gvc wVK K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| cZvKvwU ˆZix n‡qwQj BKevj n‡j wbDwK¬qv‡mi †bZv‡`i wm×všÍ
Abyhvqx| ÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwmÕ MvbwU‡K RvZxq m½xZ wn‡m‡e †NvlYvi wm×všÍwUI wb‡qwQj
wbDwK¬qv‡mi †bZviv| Rqevsjv †¯øvMvb Pvjy n‡qwQj 69 mv‡ji †Mvovi w`‡K wbDwK¬qvmcš’x Qv·bZv‡`i Øviv| 70 mv‡ji
28 A‡±vei e½eÜz †Uwjwfk‡b wbe©vPbx fvl‡Y MYZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z mvgvwRK wecø‡ei gva¨‡g mgvRZvwš¿K mgvR cÖwZôvi
A½xKvi K‡ib| GiciI hviv e‡j _v‡Kb, ¯^vaxbZvi c~‡e© iv‡óªi jÿ¨ wK n‡e †m m¤ú‡K© e½eÜzi ‡Kvb aviYv wQ‡jv bv
Zviv †h BwZnvm Rv‡bb bv †m m¤ú‡K© m‡b&n †bB| ¯^vaxbZvi ci Gi †KvbwUB ev¯ÍevwqZ nqwb GUv mZ¨| wKš‘ †mUv‡Zv
c‡ii BwZnvm|
b¨vc †gvRvd&di wbe©vPb †NvlYvi ci AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mv‡_ HK¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i 6 `dv I e½eÜyi mgv‡jvPbvq gyLi n‡q
D‡V| 70 mv‡ji 21 Rvbyqvwi mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b b¨vc †bZv gvngy`yj nK Imgvbx cÖwZi¶v, gy`ªv, ciivóª G wZbwU welq
†K‡›`ª †i‡L evwK wel‡qi ¶gZv cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z †i‡L ¯^vqZ¡kvm‡bi `vwe Rvbvb| GUv wQj 6 `dv-11 `dv we‡ivax GKwU
cÖ¯Íve| 14 Ryb cwðg cvwK¯Ívb b¨vc mfvcwZ wgqv gvngy` Avjx Kvmyix AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 6 `dvi weiæ‡× `dvIqvix AvµgY

21

www.mjgobeshona.org
Pvjvb| 24 Ryb b¨vc‡bZv Iqvjx bIqvekvn‡Z e‡jb, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi DMÖ AvÂwjKZvev‡`i Rb¨B evOvwjiv cwðg
cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i kÎæ fve‡Q| 6 RyjvB †gvRvddi Avng` P›`ª‡Nvbvq e‡jb, 6 `dv gyw³i mb` bq| 2 b‡f¤^i b¨vc †bZv
gwnDwÏb †kL gywR‡ei cÖwZ KUv¶ K‡i 6 `dv I Rqevsjv †¯øvMv‡bi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb, A_P Rbve gwnDwÏb
cÖ_g b¨v‡ci c‡ÿ 6 `dv‡K mg_©b w`‡qwQ‡jb| 10 b‡f¤^i ivRkvnx‡Z gwZqv †PŠayix e‡jb, msL¨vmv‡g¨i Rb¨ gywReB
`vqx| e½eÜz b¨vc‡K wb‡q HK¨ bv K‡i †h cÖÁvi cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n AZtci Kv‡iv Avi _vKvi K_v
bq|
‡gŠjvbv fvmvbx kvmbZ‡š¿i cÖ‡kœ †`ke¨vcx MY‡fvU Abyôv‡bi `vwe K‡ib Õ69 mv‡ji 26 Ryb I AvM‡÷| Õ70 mv‡ji 6
Rvbyqvwi fvmvbx Uw½‡Z GK e³‡e¨ ¯^vqËkvmb‡K wbe©vPbx welq Kivi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| 13 Rvbyqvwi fvmvbx Rvbvb, b¨vc
wbe©vP‡b cÖwZØw›ØZv Ki‡e| 19 Rvbyqvwi fvmvbx m‡šÍv‡l K…lK m‡¤§j‡b †fv‡Ui Av‡M fv‡Zi `vwe Rvbvb| 26 gvP© fvmvbx
jv‡nv‡i e‡jb, msL¨vMwiô †`kevmxi `vwe D‡c¶v Ki‡j †NivI ev †Mwijv hy× Qvov Dcvq †bB| 4 A‡±vei fvmvbx b¨vc
wbe©vP‡b AskMÖn‡Yi †NvlYv †`q| Õ70 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤^i cë‡b GK Rbmfvq fvmvbx ¯^vaxb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb MV‡bi Avnevb
Rvbvb| AZ¨šÍ Rb`i`x I RbwcÖq †bZv nIqv m‡Ë¡I fvmvbx wbe©vPb I †bZ…‡Z¡i †`Š‡o Gfv‡eB wcwQ‡q hvb| 1969 Gi
GwcÖ‡j KwgDwb÷ wecøex‡`i c~e© evsjv mgš^q KwgwU ¯^vaxb RbMYZvwš¿K c~e© evsjvi Kg©m~wP ‡`q| fvmvbxcš’x kªwgK ms¯’vi
GK Ask Õ70 mv‡ji 3 †g Zvwi‡L cë‡b mfv K‡i mk¯¿ wecø‡ei gva¨‡g K…lK kªwg‡Ki ivRZ¡ Kv‡q‡gi msKí †NvlYv
K‡i| Gu‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †h Kvh©Ki †Kvb f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| KviY Av‡M ejv n‡q‡Q|
Õ69 mv‡ji 12 AvM÷ b~i Lvb cÖ¯ÍvweZ wk¶vbxwZi Dci QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` Av‡qvwRZ GK †mwgbv‡i Bmjvgx QvÎ msN
nvgjv Pvjv‡j QvÎiv wcwU‡q ms‡Ni AmsL¨ Kg©x‡K AvnZ K‡i| 15 AvM÷ QvÎ msN †bZv AvnZ gv‡jK nvmcvZv‡j gviv
hvb| 17 †m‡Þ¤^i QvÎiv wk¶v w`e‡m mfv wgwQj I AvcwËKi e³e¨ w`‡q mfv K‡i| miKvi GB Kvi‡Y 6 Rb
Qv·bZv‡K mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z nvwR‡ii wb‡`©k †`q|
Õ70 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi QvÎjxM QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` fvOvi wm×všÍ †bq| 1 Rvbyqvwi QvÎjx‡Mi ‡Zvdv‡qj Avng` e‡jb
ÔAvgiv wbe©vPbx HK¨ PvB bv, Avgiv GKgvÎ msMÖvgx H‡K¨ wek¦vmx| Õ70 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi QvÎjxM mfvcwZ I WvKmy
mnmfvcwZ †Zvdv‡qj Avng‡`i mfvcwZ‡Z¡ wewfbœ K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq QvÎ msm‡`i wbe©vwPZ mnmfvcwZ I mvaviY
m¤úv`K Ges QvÎjxM †bZv‡`i wb‡q bZyb K‡i Ô‡K›`ªxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`Õ MwVZ nq|Õ
†deªæqvwi‡Z mv‡R©›U Rû‡ii g„Zz¨ ¯§i‡Y Ô‡deªæqvix evwnbxÕ M‡o QvÎjxM| BDQzd mvjvDwχbi †bZ…‡Z¡ ¯^vaxbZvcš’x
QvÎjxMviiv 70 mv‡ji 15 †deªæqvwi XvKv kn‡i gvP© cv÷ K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z G evwnbxi bvgKiY Kiv nq ÔRq evsjv
evwnbxÕ| Õ70 mv‡ji 20 gvP© Zvwi‡L c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎjx‡Mi m‡¤§jb nq BKevj n‡j| m‡¤§j‡b Pigcš’x‡`i †¯øvMvb wQj
ÔRq evsjvÕ, Ôexi evOvwj A¯¿ai-evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb KiÕ BZ¨vw`| e½eÜz wQ‡jb m‡¤§j‡bi cÖavb AwZw_| wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvgiv
mk¯¿ wecøe, mš¿vmev` Ges wnsmvZ¥K Kv‡R wek¦vmx bB| Z‡e cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgiv msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g ¯^vqZ¡kvmb Av`vq Kie|Õ
wZwb AwZ wecøex‡`i mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb, Xvj bvB Z‡jvqvi bvB, wbwaivg m`©vi †m‡R jvf bvB| g~jZ wbe©vPb evbPvj
n‡Z cv‡i Gai‡bi †Kvb KvR ev †¯øvMvb wZwb cQ›` KiwQ‡jb bv| Õ70 mv‡ji 5 GwcÖj Ôˆ`wbK AvRv`Õ wj‡L, Ôwewfbœ
gZv`‡k©i cÖ‡kœ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb QvÎjxM gn‡j GK Ø›Ø msNvZ cwi‡e‡ki m„wó nBqv‡Q ewjqv Rvbv wMqv‡Q| ..cieZ©x‡Z G
we‡iva Av`k©MZ msNv‡Z iƒc †bq| QvÎjx‡Mi GKwU Dc`‡ji gy‡L B`vwbs mk¯¿ msMÖv‡gi †¯øvMvbI †kvbv hvB‡Z‡Q|Õ

22

www.mjgobeshona.org
70 mv‡ji 16 †g WvKmy wbe©vPb nq| Av m g ie I Ave`yj KzÏym gvLb wbe©vP‡b Rqx nb| GB cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv wbe©vP©‡b
QvÎiv WvKmy‡Z mivmwi †fvU †`q| WvKmy‡Z Av m g ie wQ‡jb Pigcš’x‡`i cÖv_©x, Ave`yj KzÏym gvLb wQ‡jb ga¨cš’x‡`i
cÖv_©x| Õ70 mv‡ji 21 †g B‡Ëdv‡K cÖKvwkZ QvÎjxM †bZv‡`i GKwU wee„wZ‡Z †`Lv hvq mviv cÖ‡`‡k 5wU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
me KqwU Ges 142wU K‡j‡Ri g‡a¨ 132wU‡Z QvÎjxM cÖv_©xiv Rqx n‡q‡Q| RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi ZxeªZv GB djvd‡j
cÖwZfvZ nq| Õ70 mv‡ji 12 AvM÷ ejvKv feb Awd‡m AbywôZ QvÎjxM †K›`ªxq KwgwUi mfvq ¯^vaxb mgvRZvwš¿K evsjv
†`‡ki cÖ¯vÍ e DÌvwcZ nq| DÌvcK wQ‡jb †K›`ªxq KwgwUi cÖPvi m¤úv`K ¯^cb Kzgvi †PŠayix (gyw³hy‡× knx`)| Dcw¯’Z
45 Rb m`‡m¨i gv‡S 36 Rb wQ‡jb cÖ¯Ív‡ei c‡ÿ, b~‡i Avjg wmwÏwK mn 9 Rb wQ‡jb cÖ¯Ív‡ei wec‡ÿ| evOvwj
RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi g~‡j wQj GB QvÎ mgvR we‡kl K‡i QvÎjx‡Mi gv‡S _vKv wbDwK¬qvmcš’x ev Pigcš’xiv|
BwZnv‡m QvÎjx‡Mi GBme Kv‡Ri K_v hw` bv Av‡m Zv n‡j evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnvm nq wK fv‡e? A_P ZvB n‡”Q!
Õ70 mv‡ji 19 Rvbyqvwi QvÎ BDwbqb (gwZqv) evsjv QvÎjxM, GbGmGd, QvÎ BDwbqb (†gbb) QvÎjx‡Mi GKKfv‡e MwVZ
wbR¯^ msMÖvg cwil‡`i mv‡_ c~e© evsjvi msMÖvgx QvÎ mgv‡Ri †Kvb m¤úK© †bB e‡j †NvlYv †`q| †gvRvd&di b¨vc
mn‡hvMx QvÎ BDwbqb gwZqv MÖæc 22 Rvbyqvwi 11 `dvi mg_©‡b mvB‡Kj wgwQj †ei K‡i| Zviv wewfbœgyLx Av‡›`vj‡b
RwoZ _v‡K| g~j ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y gwZqv QvÎ BDwbqb 11 `dvi c‡ÿ Ges ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡kœ fzwgKv ivL‡Z e¨_©
nq| GB eQi cÖ‡KŠkj I K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq QvÎmsm` wbe©vP‡b Giv wR‡Z|
Õ69 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei wecøex QvÎ BDwbqb wbe©vPb eR©‡bi WvK †`q| 70 mv‡ji 11 †deªæqvwi QvÎ BDwbqb †gbb MÖæc
¯^vaxb c~e© evsjv cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ 11 `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡i| Õ70 mv‡ji 22 †deªæqvwi QvÎ BDwbqb (†gbb) I kªwgK
†dWv‡ikb cë‡b Rbmfv K‡i ¯^vaxb RbMYZvwš¿K c~e© evsjv cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ Zv‡`i wbR¯^ 11 `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡i|
mfvq Kg©m~wPwU c‡o †kvbvb gvneyeDjøvn| e³e¨ †`b KvRx Rvdi Avng`, iv‡k` Lvb †gbb, nvq`i AvKei Lvb i‡bv| 21
gvP© †ZRMv wegvb e›`i ‡_‡K †gbb MÖæ‡ci mvaviY m¤úv`K gvneye Djøvn †MÖdZvi nb| ¯^vaxbZvi e³e¨ `v‡bi Awf‡hv‡M
†gbb I KvRx Rvd‡ii 7 eQi I gvneyeDjøvni 1 eQi mkÖg Kviv`Û nq| fvmvbxcš’x‡`i eûav wefw³ Ges GKB e³‡e¨
AUzU bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zviv Rbmg_©b jv‡f e¨_© nq|
70 mv‡j QvÎiv ÔcvwK¯Ívb †`k I K…wóÕ bv‡gi GKwU eB evwZ‡ji `vwe K‡i Av‡›`vj‡b hvq|
1970 mv‡ji 7 wW‡m¤^i wbe©vPb nq| `yÕ`dv wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvIqvgx jxM I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b fz‡Æv wR‡Z| c~‡e©
RvZxq cwil‡` AvIqvgx jx‡Mi evB‡i wR‡Zb ïay b~iæj Avwgb, Avi PvKgv ivRv wÎw`e ivq|
†m mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi msm`xq c×wZ‡Z wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwaiv B‡”Q Ki‡jB `jxqbxwZ I Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb|
Õ54 mv‡ji wbe©vPb ci †ek wKQz AvIqvgx jxM `jxq m`m¨ Zv‡`i `jxq Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b Kivi Kvi‡Y miKvi MV‡b
AvIqvgx jxM wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQj|
wbe©vP‡b RvZxq ch©v‡q Ae¯’vb wQj-
cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil‡` †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v 313
cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil‡` AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m`m¨ msL¨v 167
cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil‡` Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji m`m¨ msL¨v 146
A_©vr AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m`m¨ msL¨v Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji m`m¨ msL¨v †_‡K gvÎ 21 Rb †ewk wQj|

23

www.mjgobeshona.org
GB 21 Rb m`m¨ †_‡K gvÎ 11 Rb m`m¨‡K hw` AvIqvgx jxM †_‡K cwðgviv Zv‡`i w`‡K wfov‡Z cvi‡Zv Z‡e Ae¯’v
`uvov‡Zv G iKg-
cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil‡` †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v 313
cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil‡` AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m`m¨ msL¨v 167-11 =156
cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil‡` Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji m`m¨ msL¨v 146+11=157
gvÎ 11 Rb‡K †K›`ªxq P‡µi c‡ÿ Uvb‡Z cvi‡jB RvZxq cwil‡` AvIqvgx jxM msL¨vjwNô n‡q co‡Zv Ges evOvwj
RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb KwVb msK‡Ui gy‡LvgywL n‡Zv| 12 wW‡m¤^i cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vP‡bI 7wU Avmb Qvov evwK me
Avm‡b AvIqvgx jxM Rqx nq| e½eÜz GKKfv‡e evOvwj RbM‡Yi g¨v‡ÛU jvf K‡ib|
70 wbe©vP‡bi ci †_‡K 71-25 gvP©
Õ70 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤^i Bqvwnqv Lvb †NvlYv K‡ib, RvZxq cwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ekb em‡e XvKvq| Õ71 mv‡ji 13
†deªæqvwi †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv †NvlYv K‡ib, RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb n‡e 3 gvP©, XvKvq|
wbe©vP‡bi djvdj †`‡L AvZw¼Z cwðgviv fz‡Ævi wcQ‡b HK¨e× nq I Av‡jvPbvi bvg K‡i mgq wb‡q 11/12 Rb AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi msm` m`m¨‡K wfov‡bvi †Póv ïiæ K‡i| †gv¯ÍvK Ms hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯Ívb‡K wUwK‡q ivL‡Z †Póv K‡iwQ‡jv| Zv‡`i
wfov‡bv Lye GKUv KwVb wQ‡jv bv| e½eÜz GB AvksKv †_‡K Zvi Kg©m~wP wba©viY K‡ib| Õ71 mv‡ji 3 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz
†im‡Kv‡m© RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i 417 Rb wbe©vwPZ m`m¨‡`i 6 `dv I 11 `dvi c‡ÿ kc_ MÖnY Kivb Ges e‡j
†`b, †eCgvwb Ki‡j R¨všÍ Kei †`qv n‡e| 11 Rvbyqvwi PÆMÖvg †Rjv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K Gg G AvwRR nVvr
K‡i gviv hvb|
mviv †deªæqvwi gvm a‡i e½eÜz-Bqvwnqv-fz‡Æv-cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb †bZv‡`i Av‡jvPbv P‡j| mevB e½eÜz‡K 6 `dv †_‡K
mwi‡q †bqvi †Póv K‡i| fy‡Æv-Bqvwnqv A‡bK ai‡bi cÖ¯Íve †`b| e½eÜz 6 `dvi e¨vcv‡i AUj _v‡Kb|
‡mB mg‡qi cÖavb msMVb QvÎjx‡Mi Af¨šÍ‡i mk¯¿fv‡e ¯^vaxbZv AR©b wb‡q ØÜ Ae¨vnZ _v‡K ga¨ †deªæqvix ch©š|
Í
Gici ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡kœ QvÎjxM HK¨e× n‡q †M‡j mk¯¿ gyw³hy× AeavwiZ n‡q D‡V| GB e¨vcv‡i K‡qKwU NUbvi D‡jøL
Kiv hvK| 4 Rvbyqvwi QvÎjx‡Mi cÖwZôv evwl©Kx‡Z GK MÖæ‡ci †¯øvMvb wQ‡jv Ôexi evOvwj A¯¿ ai-evsjv †`k ¯^vaxb KiÕ,
Aci MÖæ‡ci †¯øvMvb wQj Ôeuv‡ki jvwV ˆZix Ki, cvwZ wecøex LZg KiÕ| ciw`b e½eÜzi fvlY wk‡ivbvgmn B‡Ëdv‡K
cÖKvwkZ nq Gfv‡e, Ô†kL gwReyi ingvb MZKvj 4 Rvbyqvwi igbv gq`v‡b QvÎjx‡Mi 23Zg cÖwZôv evwl©Kx‡Z cÖavb
AwZw_i fvlY `vb cÖm‡½ †NvlYv K‡ib †h, †`‡k hw` wecø‡ei cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q Z‡e †m wecø‡ei WvK AvwgB w`e| AvwgI
Kg wecøex bB| hw` 6 `dv Av`v‡qi msMÖvg‡K lohš¿ Kwiqv e¨_© Kwiqv †`Iqv nq, Z‡e Kq `dv w`‡Z nB‡e ZvnvI Avgvi
Rvbv Av‡Q| Õ ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg Zvi e³‡e¨ 1 `dv I mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjbcš’x‡`i Kov mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb (B‡ËdvK
cÖKvwkZ), Ô11 `dv `vwei Abymvix‡`i A‡b‡KB Dnv nB‡Z wePz¨Z nBqv eZ©gv‡b 11 `dvi weR‡qi cU fzwgKvq bZzb
‡¯øøvMvb w`‡Z ïiæ Kwiqv‡Qb| wKfv‡e wecøe nB‡e Ges †Kvb c‡_ gyw³ Avm‡e ZvnvI Bnviv Rv‡b bv|Õ ‘The Pakistan
Observer’ GI GKB ai‡bi msev` Av‡m| Ôˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ Gi 24 Rvbyqvwii GK msev‡` †`Lv hvq QvÎjxM cÖavb b~‡i
Avjg wmwÏwK ¯^vaxbZvcš’x‡`i †ivgvw›UK I AwZwecøex e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| GKB gv‡m wm‡jU †Rjv QvÎjxM m‡¤§j‡b
‡kL knx`yj Bmjvg ¯^vaxbZvcš’x‡`i †ivgvw›UK wecøex I lohš¿Kvix AvL¨v †`b| 15 †deªæqvwi QvÎjx‡Mi Pigcš’x‡`i
wbqš¿‡Y M‡o DVv we‡kl evwnbx ÔRqevsjv evwnbxÕi gvP©cv÷ nq XvKv kn‡i | myk„•Ljfv‡e gvP©cv÷ K‡i GB evwnbx

24

www.mjgobeshona.org
¯^vaxbZvi †¯øvMvb †`q| 17 †deªæqvwi WvKmy †bZv Av m g ie I Ave`yj KzÏym gvLb e‡jb, kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi mgq hw`
fz‡Æv I Zvi `‡ji m`m¨iv bv Av‡m Z‡e cieZ©xKv‡j Zv‡`i evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv evOvwjiv Abyfe Ki‡e bv|
20 †deªæqvwi Avmg ie GK fvl‡Y e‡jb, Ôknx‡`i bv‡g kc_ wb‡q †NvlYv KiwQ i³ w`‡q n‡jI evsjvi ¯^vwaKvi Av`vq
Ki‡ev|Õ 21 †deªæqvwi QvÎjxM mfvcwZ b~‡i Avjg wmwÏwK cë‡b e‡jb, Ôevsjvi exi knx`‡`i bv‡g Avgiv kc_ MÖnY
K‡iwQ †h †Kvb g~‡j¨ 6 `dv I 11 `dvi c‡ÿ cÖ`Ë MYg¨v‡ÛU ev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡ev| evsjvi ¯^vwaKvi Av`vq Ki‡ev|Õ
kvRvnvb wmivR e‡jb, 3 gvP© hw` Awa‡ekb bv nq, 6 `dv I 11 `dv wfwËK kvmbZš¿ iPbv Ki‡Z †`qv bv nq Z‡e evsjvi
gvbyl‡K wb‡R‡`i cv‡q `uvwo‡q wb‡R‡`i fvM¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| 22 †deªæqvwi GK Rbmfvq †Zvdv‡qj Avng` e‡jb, Ô6
`dvi gva¨‡g Avgiv evi kZ gvB‡ji e¨eav‡b _vKv `yB cvwK¯Ívb‡K GK ivL‡Z †P‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †mB †Póv AvR
bm¨vr n‡Z P‡j‡Q|Õ wZwb e‡jb, Ôfz‡Æv mv‡neiv hw` GLv‡b Avm‡Z bv cv‡ib Z‡e AvcwË ‡bB| Zviv ILv‡b e‡mB cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbZš¿ iPbv Kiæb| Avgiv GLv‡b e‡m evsjvi kvmbZš¿ iPbv Ki‡ev|Õ GBme e³‡e¨ ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡kœ
QvÎjx‡Mi `yB Dc`j ‡h GK Ae¯’v‡b P‡j G‡m‡Q hv †evSv hvq | Z‡e mgvRZš¿ wb‡q ؇Üi cÖKvk Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
Õ70 mv‡ji 9 wW‡m¤^i fvmvbx mve©‡fŠg c~e© cvwK¯Ívb MV‡bi Avnevb Rvwb‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ívb b¨v‡ci mv‡_ m¤úK©‡”Q`
K‡ib| Õ71 mv‡ji 20 Rvbyqvwi Avmv` w`em Dcj‡ÿ c~e© evsjv QvÎ BDwbqb ¯^vaxb c~e© evsjv Kv‡q‡gi Avnevb Rvbvq|
Õ71 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi wecøex QvÎ BDwbqb mk¯¿ K…wl wecø‡ei WvK w`‡q ¯^vaxb MYZvwš¿K c~e© evsjv Kv‡q‡gi Avnevb
Rvbvq| 21 †deªæqvwi Avj gyRvwn`x MÖæc QvÎjxM ¯^vaxb evsjv†`k cÖwZôvi AvnŸvb Rvbvq| 21 †deªæqvwi QvÎ BDwbqb
(gwZqv) kvmbZš¿ cÖ‡kœ 6 `dv m¤^wjZ `vwe †ck K‡ib| 25 †deªæqvwi g‡¯‹vcš’x KwgDwb÷ cvwU© GK Bk‡Znv‡i 6 `dv I
11 `dvi wfwˇZ kvmbZš¿ w`‡Z e‡j (Iqvjx Lvb 6 `dv-11 `dvi weiæ‡× wQ‡jb)| 1971 mv‡ji 25 †deªæqvwi KwgDwb÷
cvwU© DMÖ evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x I fvmvbxi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib|

1 gvP© `ycyi 12Uvq GK †eZvi fvl‡Y Bqvwnqv cwil` Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYv K‡ib| mv‡_ mv‡_ RbMY mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡k
¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b wb‡R‡`i RwoZ K‡i| we‡`wk mvsevw`K hviv XvKvq wQ‡jb Zv‡`i g‡Z 1jv gvP© †_‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi g„Zz¨
N‡U evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ nq| e½eÜzi wb‡`©‡k Gw`b QvÎjxM I WvKmy‡K wb‡q Ô¯^vaxb evsjv QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`Õ MwVZ nq|
G‡Z wQ‡jb QvÎjxM mfvcwZ by‡i Avjg wmwÏwK, mvavib m¤úv`K kvRvnvb wmivR, WvKmy mnmfvcwZ Av m g ie I
mvavib m¤úv`K Ave`yj KzÏym gvLb| e½eÜz evOvwj RbM‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ evOvwj cywjk, Avbmvi, cÖkvm‡b _vKv evOvwj
†emvgwiK D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v, evOvwj eyw×Rxexmn me kÖg Kg© †ckvi †jvK‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi c‡ÿ †U‡b †bqvi †KŠkj †bb|
QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` XvKvmn cÖwZ‡Rjvq I gnKzgv I _vbv ch©v‡q e¨vcKfv‡e A‡¯¿i cÖwkÿY w`‡Z _v‡K Ges GKB mv‡_
RbMY‡K ¯^vaxbZvi c‡ÿ `„p Ki‡Z wewfbœ Kg©m~wP w`‡Z _v‡K| 1 gvP© GK mfvq e½eÜz e‡jb, wKQzB webv P¨v‡j‡Ä †Q‡o
†`qv n‡e bv| wZwb e‡jb, lohš¿ hw` Av‡iv P‡j Zv n‡j evsjv‡`k wbR cÖ‡kœi gxgvsmv K‡i †b‡e| 2 gvP© e½eÜz GK
wee„wZ‡Z e‡jb, gvby‡li GB ¯^Zù~Z© Av‡›`vjb cÖgvY K‡i‡Q Zviv ¯^vaxb †`‡ki bvMwiK n‡Z Pvq| 2 gvP© XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi eUZjvq b~‡i Avjg wmwÏwKi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ WvKmy I QvÎjx‡Mi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M Av‡qvwRZ mfvq evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Kiv nq| QvÎ mgv‡Ri c‡ÿ ¯^vaxbZvi cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib Av m g Ave`yi ie| GwU wQj QvÎjx‡Mi
wbDwK¬qvmcš’x‡`i wm×všÍ| 3 gvP© †`‡k niZvj P‡j| G w`b cë‡b ¯^vaxb evsjv QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i GK mfvq e½eÜy
e‡jb, ÔAvgiv gievi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z, fq †`wL‡q jvf †bB|Õ wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvwg g‡i †M‡jI 7 †KvwU gvbyl †`L‡e †`k ¯^vaxb

25

www.mjgobeshona.org
n‡q‡Q|Õ wZwb e‡jb, ÔGUvB nq‡Zv Avgvi †kl fvlY| Avwg hw` bvI _vwK Av‡›`vjb hv‡Z †_‡g bv hvq| evOvwji ¯^vaxbZv
Av‡›`vjb hv‡Z bv _v‡g|Õ mfvq QvÎjxM m¤úv`K kvRvnvb wmivR ¯^vaxbZvi Bk‡Znvi cvV K‡ib hv‡Z ¯^vaxbZvi jÿ¨
wn‡m‡e mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ Pvjy K‡i K…lK kÖwgK ivR Kv‡qg Kivi †NvlYv, e¨w³, evK I msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZvmn
wb‡f©Rvj MYZš¿ Kv‡qg Kivi cÖZ¨q e¨³ Kiv nq| e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki
me©vwabvqK e‡j †NvlYv †`qv nq| Gw`b ivgcyi †Uwjwfkb fe‡bi mvg‡b cvK evwnbxi ¸wj‡Z knx` nb XvKv AveyRi
wMdvwi K‡jR QvÎ msm‡`i mvaviY m¤úv`K ¯^vaxbZvcš’x QvÎjxM †bZv dviæK BKevj| 3 gvP© PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvoZjx
Iqvi‡j‡m cwðgv evwnbxi mnvqZvq wenvixiv `v½v euvwa‡q kZvwaK †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| 4 gvP© e½eÜz e‡jb, ‡h †Kvb g~‡j¨
†kvwlZ evsjvi gyw³ msMÖvg Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| 5 gvP© XvKvq †mbvevwnbx‡K e¨viv‡K wdwi‡q †bqvi K_v ej‡jI Gw`b mviv
†`‡k AmsL¨ †jvK Zv‡`i ¸wj‡Z wbnZ nq| 6 gvP© †cÖwm‡W›U GK fvl‡Y 25 gvP© RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb Wv‡Kb|
fvl‡Y wZwb e‡jb, Ô...Avwg †h †Kvb g~‡j¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi msnwZ eRvq ivL‡ev|ÕG w`b †j. †R. wU°v Lvb‡K c~e© cv‡Ki Mfb©i
wb‡qvM Kiv nq| 6 gvP© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi D”P ch©v‡qi †bZv‡`i wb‡q e½eÜz e‡mb| QvÎjxM †bZv‡`i mv‡_I †eVK nq|
QvÎjx‡Mi †bZviv 7 gvP© ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvi Rb¨ `vwe Rvbvq| me wKQz‡K we‡ePbvq G‡b fvlY ˆZix nq| 7 gvP© †im‡Kvm©
gq`v‡b e½eÜz e‡jb, Ô...Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg Gev‡ii msMÖvg gyw³i msMÖvg|... †Zvgv‡`i hv wKQz Av‡Q ZvB
wb‡q kÎæi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e ...Avwg hw` ûKzg w`evi bvI cvwi, †Zvgiv me eÜ K‡i †`‡e...|Õ wekvj GB mfvq
¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b hy³ nIqvi Rb¨ †`kevmx‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvb| 7 gvP© e½eÜz mvgwiK evwnbx e¨iv‡K wdwi‡q †bqvmn 5
`dv `vwe miKv‡ii Kv‡Q †ck K‡ib| Gw`b wecøex‡`i c~e© evsjv mgš^q KwgwU †Mwijv hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb
Kivi Avnevb Rvbvq| 8 gvP© QvÎjx‡Mi mfvq Ô¯^vaxb mgvRZvwš¿K evsjv‡`kÕ MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve Aby‡gvw`Z nq| 9 gvP©
we‡`wk‡`i `‡j `‡j XvKv Z¨v‡Mi msev` cÖKvwkZ nq| 9 gvP© cë‡b GK Rbmfvq fvmvbx †NvlYv K‡ib, Av‡cv‡li mgq
P‡j †M‡Q| gywR‡ei mv‡_ wg‡j wZwb ¯^vaxbZvi j‡ÿ¨ HK¨e× msMÖvg Ki‡eb| wZwb e‡jb, ÔgywRe‡K Awek¦vm Kivi †Kvb
KviY †bB| Avwg Zv‡K Lye fvjfv‡e wPwb| Zv‡K Avwg Avgvi wZb cy‡Îi †P‡qI †ewk fvjevwm| Avgvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b
31 wU cÖwZôv‡bi †m‡µUvixi mv‡_ KvR K‡iwQ| Gi gv‡S gywReB wQj †kÖô †m‡µUvix|Õ fz‡Ævi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb e‡jb, ÔLy‡ivi
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i `yB wZb w`b c‡i Avmyb| Zvovûovi `iKvi †bB| G‡m evsjv†`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv ¯^xKvi K‡i wbb|Õ cwðg
cvwK¯Ívwb †bZv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i kvmbZš¿ cÖYqb Ki Avgiv Avgv‡`i kvmbZš¿ cÖYqb Kwi|Õ 9
gvP© c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavb wePvicwZ we G wmwÏK Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZ GKvZ¥Zv †NvlYv K‡i wU°v Lvb‡K Mfb©i wn‡m‡e kc_
MÖnY Kiv‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| d‡j miKvi Zv‡K c~ev© ‡ji cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wb‡qvM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| KwgDwb÷
cvwU© (gwb wms †bZ…Z¡vaxb) ¯^vaxb MYZvwš¿K evsjv cÖwZôvi AvnŸvb Rvbvq wKš‘ ¯^vaxb evsjv hv‡Z mv¤ªvR¨ev`x Wjv‡ii
k„•L‡j evav bv c‡o †m w`‡K `„wó ivL‡Z e‡j| c~e© cvK KwgDwb÷ cvwU© (gvKm©ev`x-†jwbbev`x) †Mwijv hy‡×i Avnevb
Rvbvq| 11 gvP© e½eÜz GK wee„wZ‡Z e¨vcK mvgwiK cÖ¯‘wZi cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb, †Kvb kw³B evsjvi RbM‡Yi P~ovšÍ weRq
cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| 11 gvP© QvÎ BDwbqb gwZqv MÖæc ¯^vaxb evsjv cÖwZôvi Avnevb Rvbvq| 12 gvP© wm Gm wc
Awdmviiv Av‡›`vjb‡K mg_©b Rvbvq| gqgbwms‡n fvmvbx GK Rbmfvq e‡jb, RbMY KvD‡K Av‡cvm Ki‡Z †`‡e bv|
wZwb †kL gywR‡ei Dci Av¯’v ivL‡Z RbMY‡K Avnevb Rvbvb| 13 gvP© Bqvwnqv-e½eÜzi gv‡S †emvgwiK miKv‡ii Kv‡Q
ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍimn 4 `dv mg‡SvZv Pzw³ nq| 14 gvP© e½eÜz mvsevw`K‡`i e‡jb, ÔhZÿY RbMY ¯^vaxb †`‡ki ¯^vaxb
bvMwiK wn‡m‡e euvP‡Z bv cvi‡e I hZÿY Zviv gyw³ AR©b Ki‡e bv ZZw`b Avgv‡`i msMÖvg Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|Õ ¯^vaxb

26

www.mjgobeshona.org
evsjv QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` †`k n‡Z m¤ú` cvPvi e‡Üi Rb¨ Kvh©Kix e¨e¯’v wb‡Z Aby‡iva Rvbvq| QvÎ BDwbq‡bi GK mfvq
e³viv e‡jb, ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg‡K Ab¨c‡_ †bIqvi †Kvb my‡hvM Avi †bB| 15 gvP© ¯^vaxb evsjv QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i
†bZviv evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv iÿvi Rb¨ A¯¿ nv‡Z RbMY‡K cÖ¯‘Z _vKvi Avnevb Rvbvb| 16 I 17 gvP© Bqvwnqv-e½eÜz
Av‡jvPbv nq| e½eÜz mvsevw`K‡`i wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi Dˇi e‡jb, ÔAvgv‡`i msMÖvg Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|Õ we‡`kx mvnv‡h¨i e¨vcv‡i
wZwb e‡jb, Ômvnv‡h¨i cÖ‡qvRb Avgv‡`i †bB| hv cÖ‡qvRb meB evsjv‡`‡k Av‡Q| ¯^vaxb †`‡ki ¯^vaxb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e
†eu‡P _vKvi AwaKviB ïay Avgv‡`i †bB|Õ PÆMÖv‡g G w`b fvmvbx GK mfvq e‡jb, ‡kL gywRe ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, G
e¨vcv‡i †Kvb gZv‰bK¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| mvsevw`K‡`i GK cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e wZwb e‡jb, Zvi Rxe‡bi 89 eQi hveZ wZwb
wewfbœ Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb wKš‘ GKwU mve©Rbxb `vwe‡Z RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ eZ©gvb mg‡qi gZ GKZv Ges
mn‡hvwMZv †Kvb w`b †`‡Lbwb| Gw`b XvKv Avwg© wiµywUs †m›Uv‡i g‡jvUf KK‡Uj wbwÿß nq| Gw`b PÆMÖv‡g GK eÜz‡Ki
†`vKvb jyU K‡i QvÎjxM Kg©xiv| 18 gvP© avbgwÛ‡Z GK mgv‡e‡k fvlY `vbKv‡j e½eÜz e‡jb, Ôhw` †KD Avgv‡`i AvNvZ
K‡i AvgivI Aek¨B cÖwZNvZ nvb‡ev|Õ PÆMÖv‡g GK mfvq Awj Avnv` e‡jb, ÔKvh©Z evsjv‡`k GLb ¯^vaxb †`k|Õ 19 gvP©
MvRxcy‡ii fvIqvj ivRevox‡Z wØZxq B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui evOvwj ˆmb¨‡`i A¯¿ wb‡q †h‡Z PvB‡j evOvwj RbMY evav
†`q| GLv‡b RbZv ebvg cvK evwnbxi hy‡× knx` nb gby wgqv bv‡gi GK `R©x I wRqviZ| ejv hvq Gw`b †_‡K RbZv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiæ‡× mk¯¿ msMÖvg ïiæ K‡i| 19 gvP© e½eÜz weÿzä weÁvb Kg©Pvix‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb, ÔAvgv‡`i fwel¨Z
eska‡iiv hv‡Z ¯^vaxb †`‡ki bvMwiK wn‡m‡e †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i †m R‡b¨ Avgiv Avgv‡`i ‡kl i³ we›`y w`‡q hve|Õ 19 I
20 gvP© Bqvwnqv-e½eÜz ˆeVK AbywôZ nq| 20 gvP© fvmvbx PÆMÖv‡gi c‡jvMÖvD‡Û GK Rbmfvq e‡jb, evOvwjiv 1 `dvi
Rb¨ HK¨e×| e³‡e¨ wZwb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm eY©bv K‡i wZwb G gyn~‡Z© mevB‡K AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖwZ
mg_©‡bi Avnevb Rvbvb| G w`b miKvi A¯¿ †`vKvb n‡Z A¯¿ wb‡Z G‡j RbZv evav †`q| 22 gvP© Bqvwnqv e½eÜz‡K
cwil` Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`v‡b ivRx Kiv‡Z bv †c‡i 25 gvP© AbywôZe¨ RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb cybivq ¯’wMZ †NvlYv
K‡ib| evqZzj †gvKvii‡g G w`b cÖv³b †gRi †Rbv‡ij Gg AvB gwR‡`i mfvcwZ‡Z¡ cÖv³b ˆmwbKiv GK mfv K‡i
†NvlYv K‡ibÕ Zviv Avi cÖv³b ˆmwbK bb| 23 gvP© wQj cvwK¯Ívb w`em| ¯^vaxb evsjv QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i cÖwZ‡iva
w`e‡mi Wv‡K G w`b evsjv‡`‡ki N‡i N‡i evsjv‡`‡ki bZzb cZvKv D‡o| ÔRqevsjv evwnbxÕi cuvP k‡Zi Dci m`m¨
mvgwiK Kvq`vq mviv kn‡i wgwQj K‡i bZzb cZvKv wb‡q| wgwQj‡K 10wU cøvUz‡b fvM Kiv nq| 1 cøvUzb QvÎx, GK cøvUzb
wK‡kvi, 1 cøvUzb cÖv³b †mbvmn cøvUzb¸‡jv mviv kni cÖ`wÿY †k‡l cë‡b Rgv‡qZ nq| †mLv‡b mvgwiK Kvq`vq Zviv
e½eÜz‡K Awfev`b Rvbvq| e„wUk I †mvwf‡qZ `~Zvevmmn we‡`wk `~Zvevm mg~‡n evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv Dwo‡q †`qv nq| me
miKvwi AwdmI G cZvKv †Zv‡j| gvwK©b `~Zvevm †Kvb cZvKvB †Zv‡jwb| weKv‡j cë‡b GK Rbmfvq fvmvbx ¯^vaxbZv
iÿvi Rb¨ msMÖvgx kc_ MÖnY Kivb| ‡eZvi †Uwjwfk‡b evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msMxZ wn‡m‡e ÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg
†Zvgvq fvjevwmÕ MvIqv nq| Kzwóqv‡Z GK Rbmfvq AvZvDi ingvb Lvb ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi AvnŸvb
Rvbvb| e½eÜz Zvi evmfe‡b GK mvsevw`K e‡jb, Ô†Kvb wm×všÍ Pvwc‡q †`qv Pj‡e bv| †Kvb i³Pÿz mn¨ Ki‡ev bv| Avwg
Av‡›`vjb Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †eu‡P _vK‡ev wKbv Rvwb bv, Z‡e Avcbv‡`i Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e| 7 †KvwU RbM‡Yi
`vm‡Z¡i PvB‡Z wb‡Ri Rxeb †`qv‡K †kÖq g‡b Kwi|Õ wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvwg hw` Avcbv‡`i wb‡`©k w`‡Z bv cvwi Z‡e
Avcbviv Av‡iv `„pZvi mv‡_ 7 †KvwU evOvwjiv gyw³i Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q hv‡eb|Õ G w`b PÆMÖv‡g A¯¿ bvgv‡Z euvav †`q
WK kÖwgK, ivR‰bwZK, QvÎ RbZv,| miKvwi wnmve g‡Z PÆMÖv‡g G NUbvq 3 Rb wbn‡Zi K_v ejv n‡jI wbn‡Zi msL¨v

27

www.mjgobeshona.org
wQj A‡bK †ewk| G w`b cwð‡gi AwaKvsk †bZv c~e© evsjv Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvb| Gw`b †Uwjwfkb Abyôvb cÖPv‡i †mbv
evwnbx n¯Í‡ÿc Ki‡j Kg©Pvixiv mevB †Uwjwfkb feb Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvb| m¤úªPvi eÜ n‡q hvq| 25 gvP© ivRvievM †_‡K
Avmv GK wekvj wgwQ‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ e½eÜz e‡jb, ÔAwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i hw` Av‡iKevi gi‡Z nq Z‡e Avgiv
gi‡ev Z‡e GUvB n‡e †kl evi|Õ w`bfi AmsL¨ wgwQj e½eÜzi evmfe‡b hvq| AvIqvgx jxM Rvwb‡q †`q Zviv Avi †Kvb
ˆeV‡K Drmvnx bq| 25 gvP© mvgwiK evwnbxi ¸wj‡Z PÆMÖv‡g 20 Rb wbnZ nq| ivZ mv‡o 11 Uvq XvKvq cvK‡mbviv
MYnZ¨vq bv‡g| gU©vi, †mj mv‡Rvqv hvb wb‡q nvgjv Pvjvq wbixn RbM‡Yi Dci| Zviv wcjLvbv BwcAvi K¨v‡¤úi kZ kZ
evOvwj BwcAvi I XvKvi ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b kZ kZ cywjk‡K nZ¨v K‡i| GLv‡b cvëv hy‡× nvbv`vi‡`i A‡bK m`m¨
wbnZ nq| XvKv kn‡i kZ kZ Qv·K nZ¨v Kiv nq| XvKvi cÖvq me ew¯Í‡Z Av¸b awi‡q cjvqbiZ gvbyl‡K wbwe©Pv‡i ¸wj
K‡i gviv nq| 25 gvP© ga¨iv‡Z nvbv`vi evwnbx e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| †MÖdZv‡ii ci Zuv‡K wb‡q hvIqv nq Av`gRx
¯‹z‡j| c‡ii w`b †bIqv nq d¬vM ÷vd nvD‡R| Gi wZbw`b ci e½eÜz‡K KivwP wb‡q hvIqv nq| mܨv 7 Uvq †Uwj‡dv‡b
PÆMÖv‡g AcÖZ¨ÿ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g PÆMÖvg AvIqvgx jxM †bZv‡`i e‡jb, XvKv AvµvšÍ n‡Z hv‡”Q PÆMÖv‡gi ˆmb¨iv hv‡Z
cvëv AvNvZ nv‡b| D‡jøL¨ e½eÜz PÆMÖv‡gi wKQz †mbv Kg©KZ©v †h ¯^vaxbZvi c‡ÿ Av‡Qb Zv AewnZ wQ‡jb| PÆMÖvg msMÖvg
cwil‡`i †bZviv GB msev` PÆMÖvg BwcAvi †Rv‡bi GWRy‡W›U K¨v‡Þb iwdK‡K Rvbv‡j wZwb ivZ 9Uvq cvK †mbv‡`i
Dci AvµgY iPbv K‡ib I nvwjkni BwcAvi K¨v¤ú Zvi `L‡j †bb| ivZ 1 Uvq †gRi wRqvi †bZ…‡Z¡ evOvwj †mbvevwnbxi
Av‡iK Ask cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡`i Dci AvµgY Pvjvq| 25 gvP© iv‡Z †MÖdZvi nIqvi Av‡M e½eÜz ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv w`‡q
GKwU evYx gMevRvi Iqvi‡j‡m cvwV‡q †`b hv 26 gvP© mKv‡j †`ke¨vcx cÖPvwiZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq †m msev`
†cŠu‡Q Iqvi‡jm †÷kb¸‡jvi wjsK Gi gva¨‡g| 26 gvP© †_‡KB XvKvmn evsjv‡`‡ki 19wU †Rjvi (Õ71 mv‡j †Rjvi msL¨v
wQj 19wU) ivR‰bwZK kw³ I RbMY nvbv`vi evwnbxi weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m„wó Ki‡j evOvwj †mbv , BwcAvi, cywjk,
Avbmvi, cÖv³b †mbviv RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †hvM †`q| ïiæ nq gyw³hy‡×i cÖ_g ce© mk¯¿ cÖwZ‡iva hy×|
Dc‡ii NUbvejx cÖgvY K‡i gyw³hy× wQ‡jv RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi P‚ovšÍ dmj| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi nv‡Z ÿgZv bv †`qvi
Kvi‡Y gyw³hy× ïiæ n‡q‡Q e‡j hviv D‡jøL K‡ib Zviv BwZnv‡mi NUbvejxi w`‡K `„wócvZ bv Kivq GB weåvwšÍ‡Z c‡ob
A_ev evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Pvb bv| cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv †h †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB evOvwj‡`i nv‡Z
ÿgZv w`‡e bv GgbwK 6 `dvq Qvo w`‡jI w`‡e bv GB mvaviY mZ¨wU A‡b‡K gvb‡Z Pvbwb e‡j GB weåvwšÍ| e½eÜz GB
mZ¨ Lye fvjfv‡e †R‡bI wbe©vP‡b wM‡q‡Qb evOvwj‡`i HK¨e× Ki‡Z Ges RbM‡Yi †g‡ÛU wb‡Z| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb 54 mv‡j ‡m mg‡qi cÖavb wZb evOvwj †bZvi KvQ †_‡K cvwK¯Ívwbiv ÿgZv wb‡q †M‡j †Kvb Av‡›`vjb nqwb, 58
mv‡j I 69 mv‡j mvgwiK AvBb Rvix K‡i cvwK¯Ívwbiv ÿgZv wb‡q †M‡jI evOvwjiv mk¯¿fv‡e Zvi we‡ivwaZv K‡iwb| 71
mv‡j ÿgZv bv w`‡q cvwK¯Ívwbiv D‡ëv AvµgY Ki‡j evOvwjiv cvwj‡q bv wM‡q ev cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡`i AbyMZ bv n‡q
gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbv K‡i‡Q Zvi evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv †_‡K I GB Av‡›`vj‡bi P‚ovšÍ Ask wn‡m‡eB| gyw³hyׇZv ïiæ
n‡qwQ‡jv gv‡P©i ïiæ †_‡KB| 25 gvP© ïiæ nq P‚ovšÍfv‡e| nvbv`viiv †h w`bB AvµgY Ki‡Zv †mw`b †_‡KB P‚ovšÍ
gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbv n‡Zv| RbMY I †bZ…Z¡ Gi †Kvb weKí cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i mvg‡b iv‡Lbwb|

Gevi 4/5 jvB‡b PÆMÖv‡gi KvjyiNvU †eZv‡ii K_v ejv hvK| 26 gvP© Lye †fv‡i mxZvKzÛ _vbvi mwjgcyi Iqvi‡jm
†÷k‡b Kg©iZ Rbve Ave`yj Kv‡`i e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi †g‡mR †c‡q †mB †g‡m‡Ri Kwc K‡i Zv PÆMÖvg †bZv‡`i

28

www.mjgobeshona.org
Kv‡Q cvVvb| 26 gvP© `yc‡y i QvÎjxM †bZv ivLvjP›`ª ewY‡Ki mÂvjbvq e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvwU cvV K‡ib PÆMÖvg †Rjv
AvIqvgx jxM m¤úv`K Gg G nvbœvb| mv‡_ wQ‡jb BwÄwbqvi †gvkviid †nv‡mb Ggwc, AvZvDi ingvb Lvb Kvqmvi
GgGbG, gxR©v Avey gbmyi Ggwc, Wv. Gg G gvbœvb Ggwc,Qv·bZv kvn-B Rvnvb †PŠayix cÖgyL| weKv‡j †eZvi Kg©x †ejvj
†gvnv¤§`, Aveyj Kv‡mg m›`xc I Wv.Av‡bvqvi, BwÄwbqvi w`jxc cÖgy‡Li †bZ…‡Z¡ PÆMÖvg †eZvi Avevi Pvjy nq| iv‡Z †eZvi
Pvjy K‡ib gvngy` kvn‡Kv‡ikx I †eZvi wkíx i½jvj †`e †PŠayix, dviæK| 27 gvP© mKv‡j †gwW‡Kj K‡jR I
cwj‡UKwb‡Ki QvÎiv †eZvi Pvjy K‡ib †hLv‡b wQ‡jb Ave`yjøvn Avj nviæb, Avey BDQzc †PŠayix, †ejv‡qZ †nv‡mb,
kvnveywÏb I †jLK cÖgyL| weKv‡j †gRi wRqv †eZv‡i Av‡mb I e½eÜzi c‡ÿ ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`b| Gi `yB N›Uv ci
wZwb Avevi †eZv‡i hvb I wb‡R‡K ivóªcÖavb wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b hv gyw³hyׇK †mbv we‡`ªvn wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kivi my‡hvM
G‡b †`q| welqwU Dcjwä K‡i I †bZv‡`i Pv‡c wZwb 28 gvP© Avevi e½eÜz‡K †bZv D‡jøL K‡i fvlY †`b| Gici †gRi
wRqv P‡j hvb fvi‡Z I †mLvb †_‡K eªv²Yevwoqvi †Zwjqvcvovq †mbvbvqK‡`i ˆeV‡K| PÆMÖv‡gi †Kvb hy‡× Gici wZwb
wQ‡jb bv| 30 gvP© nvbv`viiv †evgv el©Y Ki‡j †eZvi eÜ n‡q hvq| †eZv‡ii me Abyôv‡bi cÖ‡ÿc‡Y wQ‡jb †eZv‡ii
BwÄwbqvi I †UKwbwmqvbe„›`| †gRi wRqv‡K hviv ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlK e‡jb Zviv †Kvb Av‡°j †_‡K Zv e‡jb †evaMg¨ bq|
‡gRi wRqv RxweZ Ae¯’vq KL‡bv wb‡R‡K ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlK e‡j `vwe K‡ibwb| Õ96 mv‡j weGbwc ÿgZvq G‡m BwZnv‡mi
GB weK…wZ NwU‡q †gRi wRqv‡K ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlK e‡j `vwe K‡i‡Q Ges GL‡bv GB `vwe Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q|
BwZnv‡mi LwÛZKiYI weK…wZi kvwgj| ¯^vaxbZvi †¯øvMvbmg~n wVK Kiv I cÖKvk¨fv‡e †`qv, Rqevsjv †¯øvMvb D™¢veb I
cÖKv‡k¨ †`qv, †kL gywR‡ei Rb¨ e½eÜz Dcvwa wVK Kiv, Zuv‡K Dcvwa †`qv, QvÎjx‡Mi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ¯Íve †bqv Ges
cÖ¯Íve‡Ki bvg, cZvKv ˆZix, RvZxq m½xZ wbe©vPb, cZvKv D‡Ëvjb, ¯^vaxbZvi Bk‡Znvi cvV, cZvKv wb‡q †`ke¨vcx wgwQj
Kiv GmeB‡Zv evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm| BwZnv‡mi †ewkifvM †jLKB wKš‘ G¸‡jvi D‡jøL K‡ib bv| GLv‡b
BwZnvm LwÛZ nq| Gme weK…wZ I LwÛZKiY wb‡q wPwšÍZ nIqvi Aek¨ wKQz †bB| kvmKiv me mgqB BwZnvm‡K Zv‡`i
c‡ÿ ivL‡Z Pvq wKš‘ cv‡i bv| ivRv ev`kviv Zv‡`i Avg‡j †h wg_¨v BwZnvm Ab¨‡K w`‡q iPbv Kwi‡qwQ‡jb Zv Avi wU‡K
_vK‡Q bv| eZ©gv‡bI ivRbxwZwe` I `jxq †jLKiv hZB BwZnvm wfbœ c‡_ †bqvi †Póv ev LwÛZ Kivi †Póv Kiæb bv †Kb
GKw`b mZ¨ wVKB cÖKvwkZ n‡e|

25 gvP© ivZ †_‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Avµg‡Yi wecix‡Z evOvwjiv cÖwZ‡iva hy‡×i m~Pbv K‡i| gvP©-GwcÖj-†g gv‡mi wfZi ïay
PÆMÖv‡gB cÖvq nvRvi Lv‡bK cvK †mbv wbnZ n‡q‡Q | XvKvq MYnZ¨ hLb ïiæ nq ZLb wbi¯¿ evOvwjiv Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Póv
K‡i‡Q| XvKv †Rjv, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, m`i gnKzgv ev‡` Kzwgjøv †Rjvi Pv`cyi- eªv¤§Yevwoqv gnKzgv, †bvqvLvjx, wm‡jU,
dwi`cyi, Uv½vBj, gqgbwmsn, ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx, Lyjbv, Kzwóqv, h‡kvi, e¸ov, ivRkvnx, cvebv, iscyi, w`bvRcyimn
cÖwZwU †Rjvq nvbv`viiv gvi †L‡q‡Q| evOvwj †mbv, BwcAvi, cywjk, Avbmvi, gyRvwn` evwnbx RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡q
cÖwZ‡iva †_‡K µ‡g cwiKwíZ gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| gyw³hy‡× bvix, wewfbœ ÿz`ª RvwZ¯^Ë¡vi †jv‡KivI e¨vcK nv‡i Ask
wb‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡ji 11 GwcÖj hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖevmx miKvi MwVZ nq e½eÜz‡K ivóªcwZ, ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg‡K
DcivóªcwZ I ZvRDwÏb Avng`‡K cÖavbgš¿x K‡i| miKv‡ii †NvlYvq ejv nq, ¯^vaxb †`‡k b¨vq wfwËK mgvR cÖwZôv Kiv
n‡e| e½eÜz‡K me©vwabvqK I Gg wR Imgvbx‡K cÖavb †mbvcwZ Kiv nq| miKvi wewfbœ gš¿bvjq MVb K‡i, wewfbœ
`dZ‡ii mwPe, cwiPvjK wb‡qvM †`q| †eZvi Pvjy K‡i| †`k‡K 11wU †Rv‡b fvM K‡i †emvgwiK cÖkvmb Pvjy K‡i|

29

www.mjgobeshona.org
nvmcvZvj cÖwZôv K‡i| hye wkwei, †Uªwbs K¨v¤ú, kiYv_©x wkwei, Uª¨vbwRU K¨v¤ú ¯’vcb K‡i| hy‡×i Rb¨ †`k‡K 11wU
†m±‡i fvM Kiv nq| 1bs †m±‡ii GjvKv wQj: PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjv, †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi Ask gyûix b`xi c~e© cvo
ch©šÍ, ‡m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb cÖ_‡g †gRi wRqvDi ingvb I c‡i K¨v‡Þb iwdKzj Bmjvg| 2 bs †m±‡ii GjvKv wQj e„nËi
†bvqvLvjx, Kzwgjøv †Rjvi GKvsk, dwi`cyi †Rjvi `wÿYvsk I knimn XvKv †Rjvi `wÿYvsk, ‡m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb
†gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid, 22 A‡±vei wZwb AvnZ n‡j 2bs †m±‡ii `vwqZ¡ †bb †gRi Lv‡jK| 3bs †m±‡ii GjvKv wQj
Kzwgjøvi DËivsk, XvKv †Rjvi DËivsk, wm‡jU †Rjvi GK Ask, gqgbwms‡ni wK‡kviMÄ gnKzgv,‡m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb
cÖ_‡g †gRi kwdDjøvn I c‡i †gRi byiæ¾vgvb| 4bs †m±‡ii GjvKv wQj wm‡jU †Rjvi c~ev© Âj, †LvqvB-kv‡q¯ÍvMÄ †ij
jvBb ev‡` c~e© I DËi w`‡K wm‡jU-WvDwK moK ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z, †m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb †gRi wm Avi `Ë| 5bs †m±‡ii
GjvKv wQj wm‡jU WvDwK †_‡K wm‡jU †Rjvi mgMÖ DËi I cwðgvÂj, †m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb †gRi gxi kIKZ Avjx|
6bs †m±‡ii GjvKv wQj iscyi, VvKziMv, w`bvRcy‡ii GK Ask, †m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb DBs KgvÛvi Gg †K evkvi | 7bs
†m±‡ii GjvKv wQj ivRkvnx, cvebv I e¸ov †Rjv, w`bvRcyi I iscy‡ii Ask we‡kl, ‡m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb †gRi bvRgyj
nK, wZwb `yN©Ubvq wbnZ n‡j †gRi KvRx byiæ¾vgvb GB †m±‡ii `vwqZ¡ †bb| 8bs †m±‡ii GjvKv wQj cy‡iv Kzwóqv I
h‡kvi †Rjv, dwi`cyi †Rjvi AwaKvsk GjvKv Ges †`ŠjZcyi-mvZÿxiv mo‡Ki DËivsk, ‡m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb cÖ_‡g
‡gRi Avey Imgvb †PŠayix I c‡i †gRi Gg G gbRyi| 9bs †m±‡ii GjvKv wQj ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx, mvZÿxiv ev‡` Lyjbv
†Rjv, ‡m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb cÖ_‡g †gRi Gg G Rwjj I c‡i †gRi Rqbyj Av‡e`xb| 10bs †m±i : †`ke¨vcx †bŠ
Kgv‡Û‡`i GB †m±‡ii Aaxb Kiv nq| Zviv Acv‡ik‡bi mgq †h GjvKvq Acv‡ikb Ki‡Zb †mB GjvKvi Kgv‡Û
cwiPvwjZ n‡Zb| GB †m±‡ii †Kvb wbw`©ó KgvÛvi wQ‡jv bv| 11bs †m±‡ii GjvKv wQj wK‡kviMÄ ev‡` e„nËi
gqgbwmsnI Uv½vBj †Rjv Ges bMievox-AvwiPv †_‡K dzjQwo evnv`yivev` ch©šÍ hgybv b`x I ZxivÂj, KgvÛvi wQ‡jb
‡gRi Avey Zv‡ni, Kvgvjcyi hy‡× AvnZ n‡j GB †m±‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib d¬vBU †j. nvwg`Djøvn Lvb| mvgwiK evwnbx
wbqwš¿Z †m±i QvovI wbqwgZ hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wZbwU weª‡MªW †dvm© MwVZ nq| G ¸‡jvi bvgKiY Kiv nq †dvm© cÖav‡bi
bv‡gi cÖ_g Aÿi w`‡q| †RW †dvm©: AwabvqK: †j. K‡b©j wRqvDi ingvb| †K †dvm©: AwabvqK: †j. K‡b©j Lv‡j`
†gvkviid, wZwb AvnZ n‡j †dv‡m©i `vwqZ¡ †bb †gRi G wU Gg nvq`vi| Gm †dvm©: AwabvqK: †j. K‡b©j Gg kwdDjøvn|
†gRi †_‡K †j. K‡b©j c‡` DbœxZ K‡i Zuv‡`i weª‡M‡Wi `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv nq|
miKv‡ii wegvb evwnbx : wegvbevwnbx 28 †m‡Þ¤^i MwVZ nq| cÖwZôvZv Gqvi Kg‡Wvi G †K L›`Kvi| ˆegvwbK-K¨v‡Þb
Lv‡jK, K¨v‡Þb mvËvi, K¨v‡Þb kvnveywÏb, K¨v‡Þb gywKZ, K¨v‡Þb AvKivg, K¨v‡Þb midzwÏb| Av‡iv wQ‡jb †¯‹vqvWªb
wjWvi myjZvb gvngy`, d¬v. †j. kvgmyj Avjg, d¬v. †j. e`iæj Avjg I cvwK¯Ívb wegvbevwnbx Z¨vMKvix 67 Rb Gqvig¨vb|
†mbvevwnbxi †hv×v web¨vm: 1. evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx-3wU weª‡MÖW †dvm© wb‡q †mbvevwnbx MwVZ nq| †Uªwbs †k‡l
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i GB evwnbx‡Z AšÍf³
©y Kiv n‡Zv| 2. †m±i Uªycm, G‡`i gyw³ †dŠRI (Gg Gd) ejv n‡Zv| GB evwnbxi
wbqš¿‡Y wQ‡jb †m±i KgvÛviiv| †Uªwbs †k‡l †hv×viv GB evwnbxi AšÍf³
©y n‡Z cvi‡Zb| ‡mbvevwnbx I †m±i Uªycm
mxgv‡šÍi Kv‡Q †_‡K jÿ¨e¯‘i Dci AvNvZ †n‡b Avevi Zv‡`i Ae¯’v‡b wd‡i †h‡Zv| †mbvevwnbx ev weª‡MW †dv‡m©i wbw`©ó
†Kvb GjvKv wQj bv| mxgv‡šÍi Kv‡Q †hLv‡bB cÖ‡qvRb n‡Zv †mLv‡bB Zviv AvµgY Pvjv‡Z cvi‡Zv| †m±i Uªycm Zvi
†m±‡ii evB‡i †h‡Zv bv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ wbqwgZ hy× ïiæ n‡j GB `yB evwnbx †hŠ_ evwnbxi AšÍf©³
y n‡q cvwK¯Ívb
evwnbxi weiæ‡× wbqwgZ hy‡× Ask †bq| 3. †Mwijv evwnbx-gyw³hy‡×i Ab¨Zg cÖavb kw³ wQj AwbqwgZ evwnbx ev †Mwijv

30

www.mjgobeshona.org
evwnbx| G‡`i wd«Wg dvBUvm© ev Gd Gd ev MYevwnbx ejv n‡Zv| Giv fvi‡Z †Uªwbs †k‡l GKRb KgvÛv‡ii Aax‡b †`‡ki
Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zv, †`‡k †_‡KB Zv‡`i hy× Ki‡Z n‡Zv|
‡mbvevwnbxi evB‡i wQj AvÂwjK wKQz evwnbx hvi †bZviv ¯’vbxqfv‡e †Uªwbs w`‡q ¯’vbxqfv‡e A¯¿ msMÖn K‡i GBme evwnbx
M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jv| G‡`i Ab¨Zg wQj-Kv‡`i evwnbx Ave`yi Kv‡`i wmwÏwK wQ‡jb GB evwnbx msMVK| m¤ú~Y© Uv½vBj †Rjv,
XvKv, gqgbwmsn I cvebv †Rjvq GB evwnbxi Kg©KvÛ we¯Í…Z wQ‡jv| Avdmvi evwnbx: gqgbwmsn †Rjvi gvIjvbv Ave`yj
nvwg‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq fvjyKv _vbv AvIqvgx jxM mnmfvcwZ Avdmvi DwÏb Avng` GKwU evwnbx MVb K‡ib| GB evwnbxi
Kg©‡ÿÎ wQj gqgbwmsn, Uv½vBj I XvKvi wewfbœ GjvKv| AvKei evwnbx: gv¸ovi kxÖcyi _vbvi kÖx‡Kvj BDwbq‡bi
†Pqvig¨vb AvKei †nv‡m‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ GB evwnbx M‡o D‡V| wSbvB`‡ni MvovMÄ †_‡K ivRevoxi †Mvqvj›` ch©šÍ GB
evwnbxi Kvh©µg we¯Í…Z wQ‡jv| †ngv‡qZ evwnbx wØZxq B÷ †e½‡ji nvwej`vi †ngv‡qZ DwÏb cÖvq mv‡o wZbkZ evOvwj
wbqwgZ ˆmb¨ I ¯’vbxq hyeK‡`i cÖwkÿY w`‡q GB evwnbx M‡o †Zv‡jb| ewikv‡ji DwRicyi I †MŠib`x _vbv, dwi`cy‡ii
KvjwKwb; gv`vixcyi, iv‰Ri, †MvcvjMÄ I †KvUvjxcvov, gyKmy`cyi, Kvkxqvbx ev‡Minv‡Ui †gvjøvi nvU wQ‡jv GB evwnbxi
Kg© GjvKv| ev‡Zb evwnbx: `wÿY Uv½vB‡ji K‡bvov MÖv‡gi L›`Kvi Ave`yj ev‡Z‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ M‡o DVv GB evwnbxi m`m¨
wQj cÖvq wZb nvRvi| `wÿY Uv½vBjmn XvKv †Rjvi wKQz Ask, MvRxcyi †Rjvi GKvsk, gvwbKMÄ †Rjvi DËivÂj, cvebv
wmivRM‡Äi wekvj GjvKvq GB evwnbx Zvi Kg©KvÛ Pvjvq| wmivR wmK`v‡ii evwnbx-GB evwnbx `wÿYv‡j hy× K‡i|
GQvov Av‡iv †ek wKQz AvÂwjK evwnbx wQj| †m±i KgvÛviiv Zv‡`i GjvKvi AvÂwjK evwnbx‡K cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv w`‡Zb&
wewfbœ `‡ji evwnbxI wQj| miKvi Aby‡gvw`Z b¨vc-KwgDwb÷ cvwU©-QvÎ BDwbqb †Mwijv KgvÛ : GB msMVbmg~n fviZ
miKv‡ii mnvqZv wb‡q evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii AbygwZ mv‡c‡ÿ RvZxqfv‡e wfbœ †Mwijvevwnbx M‡o ‡Zv‡j| Gi mvgwiK
Kgv‡Û wQ‡jb: Kg‡iW †gvnv¤§` dinv`, †PŠayix nviæbyi iwk`, KgvÛvi Av`yi iDd| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i c~e©v‡j 7wU I
cwðgv‡j 11wU KgvÛ wQj|
evsjv‡`k miKvi I mvgwiKevwnbx wbqš¿Ygy³ evwnbx: evsjv†`k wjev‡ikb †dvm© ev weGjGd: hy× ïiæi cy‡e©B e½eÜzi
mivmwi ZZ¡veav‡b evsjv‡`‡k weGjGd Gi Rb¥ nq| hy× ïiæi ci evsjv†`k miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i QvÎjx‡Mi cÖv³b
I ZrKvjxb †bZv‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvjZ nq we Gj Gd| †mbvevwnbxi gZB GB evwnbxi hy× GjvKv wQj mgMÖ evsjv‡`k|
4wU †m±i wQj| DËivÂjxq †m±i: GjvKv: e„nËi iscyi, ivRkvnx, cvebvi wmivRMÄ, w`bvRcyi, e¸ov, cÖavb: wmivRyj
Avjg Lvb, DccÖavb: gwbiæj Bmjvg (gvk©vj gwb)| `wÿY-cwðgvÂjxq †m±i: GjvKv: e„nËi Lyjbv, h‡kvi, Kzwóqv,
dwi`cyi, ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx, cÖavb: †Zvdv‡qj Avng`, DccÖavb: KvRx Av‡id Avng` I by‡i Avjg wRKz| c~e©vÂjxq
†m±i: GjvKv: e„nËi PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, Kzwgjøv, †bvqvLvjx, wm‡jU, XvKvi Ask, cÖavb: †kL dRjyj nK gwY, Dc
cÖavb: Gg G gvbœvb I Av m g Ave`yi ie| †K›`ªxq †m±i/DËi-c~e©vÂjxq †m±i: GjvKv: e„nËi gqgbwmsn, Uv½vBj, XvKv
†Rjvi Ask, wm‡jU, cÖavb: Ave`yi iv¾vK, DccÖavb: ˆmq` Avn¤§`/kvnRvnvb wmivR| Giv mevB †Rbv‡i‡ji gh©v`v
†c‡Zb|
†m±i KgvÛv‡ii Aax‡b, wewfbœ evwnbxi Aax‡b †Mwijv †Uªwbs w`‡q nvRvi nvRvi †Mwijv †`‡k Xz‡K Avev‡iv Avevi †Uªwbs
w`‡q Av‡iv nvRvi nvRvi †hv×v ˆZix K‡i| †`‡ki e¨vcK RbMY GB †Mwijv †hv×v‡`i _vKv LvIqv Zv‡`i A¯¿ Avbv †bqvi,
msev` Avbv †bqvi, A_© †RvMvb †`qvi Kv‡R RwoZ nq| wewfbœ evwnbxi †Mwijviv GjvKvq Xz‡K nvbv`vi I mn‡hvwM‡`i
Dci †eaoKfv‡e AvNvZ nvb‡Z _v‡K| Avevi A‡b‡K GjvKvi eªxR aŸsm, miKvwi ¯’vcbv Dwo‡q w`‡Z _v‡K| Giv ci¯úi

31

www.mjgobeshona.org
†hvMv‡hvM K‡i KvR Ki‡Zv| A‡bK †jLK hy‡× bv wM‡q Avwe®‹vi e‡j‡Qb we Gj Gd †Kvb hy× K‡iwb, Giv bvwK Gd
Gd‡K gvi‡Zv| Avm‡j ZLb GdGd-weGjGd †Kvb Ø›Ø wQ‡jv bv| ØÜ wQ‡jv ivR‰bwZK Ø›Ø| †Kvb MÖæ‡ci KgvÛvi hw`
fvmvbx b¨v‡ci n‡Zv Ges Gd Gd Gi Av‡iK KgvÛvi hw` QvÎjx‡Mi n‡Zv Z‡e Ø›Ø n‡Zv| QvÎjx‡Mi `yB MÖæc hw` GKB
GjvKvq weGjGd ev GdGd Gi Gi `vwq‡Z¡ _vK‡Zv Z‡e ØÜ n‡Zv| weGjGd †h me GjvKvq Av‡M †M‡Q †m me
GjvKvi †bZ…Z¡ weGjGd Gi nv‡Z P‡j †h‡Zv Zvi AZxZ ivR‰bwZK cwiPq I Kvh©Kjv‡ci Kvi‡Y| A‡bK GjvKvq
¯^vaxbZvi Aí wKQzw`b Av‡M weGjGd †cŠu‡QwQj| †mB me GjvKvi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQj Gd Gd| wKš‘ †ewkifvM †ÿ‡ÎB †m
†bZ…Z¡ wQj QvÎjx‡Mi nv‡Z| wKQz GjvKvq fvmvbxcš’xiv fvj hy× K‡i‡Q| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †Mwijv evwnbxI fvj hy×
K‡i‡Q| AivR‰bwZK QvÎ hyeKiv Zv‡`i †bZ…Z¡ a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡Y hy‡× †mbvevwnbx-BwcAvi-cywjk
evwnbxi m`m¨iv cvi`wk©Zv †`wL‡q‡Q †ewk| gyw³hy‡×i bq gv‡m nvbv`vi‡`i Ggb ÿwZ nq †h Zviv wbnZ ˆmb¨‡`i k~b¨¯’vb
c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| RbM‡Yi mg_©b Ggb ch©v‡q wQ‡jv hv nvbv`vi‡`i g‡bvej wb¤œgyLx K‡i †i‡LwQ‡jv| cwðg cvwK¯Ívb
†_‡K ¯^í †Uªwbs w`‡q hyeK‡`i G‡`‡k wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jv hy× Ki‡Z| nvbv`vi‡`i mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e RvgvZ, gymwjgjxM, †bRvg
GLv‡b m„wó K‡i kwšÍ KwgwU, Avje`i ivRvKvi,AvjgyRvwn`, Avj kvgm evwnbxmn Av‡iv Ab¨vb¨ evwnbx| G‡`i GB
mw¤§wjZ evwnbxI †ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î †hv×v‡`i nv‡Z cÖPÛ gvi †L‡q‡Q| †hv×v‡`i mv‡_ bv †c‡i cvwK¯Ívwb I Zv‡`i
mn‡hvwMiv G‡`‡ki wÎk jÿ †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i I cÖvq Pvi jÿ gv ‡ev‡bi B¾Z niY K‡i Zvi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡q‡Q|
Kvcyiæ‡li g‡Zv Avgv‡`i eyw×Rxex‡`i a‡i wb‡q nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|
9 gv‡mi hy‡× Rbmg_©‡bi Kvi‡Y c„w_exi Ab¨Zg †PŠKl cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx civwRZ nq evOvwj‡`i Kv‡Q| cvebv‡Z
hy‡×i mgq I P‚ovšÍ c‡e©I fviZxq ‡mbvevwnbx hvqwb| KzwoMÖvg, cÂMomn wewfbœ †Rjvi mxgvšÍ GjvKv mn A‡bK GjvKvq
bq gv‡m nvbv`viiv XzK‡Z cv‡iwb| evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx I fviZxq †mbvevwnbx‡K wb‡q wgÎevwnbx MVb K‡i wbqwgZ hy‡×i
m~Pbv Kiv nq| 3 wW‡m¤^i †_‡K wgÎevwnbx nvbv`vi‡`i AvµgY ïiæ K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj gy³ Kiv ïiæ K‡i |
16 wW‡m¤^i XvKvq wgÎevwnbx I fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi c~e©vÂjxq cÖavb †j. †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡ivivi Kv‡Q cvwK¯Ívb
evwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k evwnbxi DccÖavb G †K L›`Kvimn evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi K‡qKRb Kg©KZ©v Dcw¯’Z
wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki fzLÛ wKš‘ GKw`‡b ¯^vaxb nqwb| A‡bK GjvKv gy³ n‡q‡Q 6 wW‡m¤^i, A‡bK GjvKv gy³ n‡q‡Q 22
wW‡m¤^i, Avevi A‡bK GjvKvq 22 Rvbyqvwi ch©šÍ hy× P‡j‡Q|
gyw³hy‡× Av‡gwiKv mn Zvi wgÎiv wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡ÿ| fviZ-ivwkqvmn Zvi wgÎiv wQj evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ| wek¦ RbgZ
evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ wQj| gyw³hy‡×i mgq fviZ cÖvq GK‡KvwU kiYv_©x evOvwj‡K AvkÖq †`q| GQvovI fviZ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
_vKv LvIqv †Uªwbs Gi e¨e¯’v K‡i, hy‡× A¯¿ w`‡q mnvqZv †`q Ges †kl w`‡K evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i
wgÎevwnbx MVb K‡i gyw³hy‡× Ask †bq| A‡b‡KiB aviYv fviZ hy× K‡i evsjv†`k ¯^vaxb K‡i w`‡q‡Q| GUv †gv‡UI mZ¨
bq| fviZ hy‡× g~jZ fvix A¯¿ w`‡q mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| cÖ‡qvR‡b wKQz RvqMvq hy× K‡i‡Q| g~j hy×wU K‡i‡Q gyw³‡hv×viv|
Gme K_v hy×Kvjxb wgÎevwnbxi KgvÛviiv Zv‡`i wewfbœ †jLwb‡Z ¯^xKvi K‡i †M‡Qb| gyw³evwnbxi mvnwmKZv m¤ú‡K©
fviZxq †mbvevwnbx cÖavb †Rbv‡ij gv‡bK kÕ e‡jb, ÔAvgv‡`i †mbvevwnbx AZ¨šÍ we¯§‡qi mv‡_ †`L‡Q Avcbv‡`i ¯^í
cÖwkwÿZ gyw³evwnbx wK fv‡e cvÄvex `ÿ evwnbx‡K ch©y`¯Í Ki‡Q|...Avcbv‡`i GB Rbhy‡×i mvg‡b cvwK¯Ívwbiv wU‡K
_vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avgvi †Rbv‡ijiv †Zvgv‡`i Aí eq¯‹ wK‡kvi †hv×v‡`i mvnm, exiZ¡ †`k‡cÖg †`‡L AevK n‡q‡Q|
Iiv cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Mvjv¸wj Kvgv‡bi †Mvjv †Kvb wKQz‡KB fq Ki‡Q bv, Ggb NUbvi K_v Avgvi †Rbv‡ijiv wØZxq wek¦hy‡×

32

www.mjgobeshona.org
ï‡bwb...| Rqevsjv e‡j kÎæ‡`i Dci Svwc‡q cov...|Õ GB cÖm‡½ wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ôgyw³evwnbx‡K iYv½‡b Zv‡`i
Pvwn`vi me mgiv¯¿ Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq me jwRw÷K mv‡cvU© wgÎ evwnbx wbwðZ K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ZvivB hy×Uv Rq
K‡i‡Q|...iY†ÿ‡Îi AMÖfv‡M †_‡K mvZ AvU gvm a‡i †Zvgv‡`i nvRvi nvRvi exi gyw³†hv×v hy× Ki‡Q I Zv‡`i Rxeb
DrmM© Ki‡Q|...cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv cywo‡q w`‡”Q, cÖwZw`b bZzb bZzb kni I MÖv‡g Zviv MYnZ¨v
Pvjv‡”Q| GB MYnZ¨v I R¡vjvI †cvovI cÖwZ‡iv‡a †Zvgv‡`i †Q‡jivB g~j f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q|Õ
gyw³hy‡× knx`‡`i msL¨v K‡Zv? †KD hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q knx` n‡q‡Qb| G‡`i msL¨v `k nvRv‡ii †ewk n‡e bv| wecix‡Z
nvbv`vi I Zv‡`i mn‡hvwM‡`i wbn‡Zi msL¨v K‡Zv Zv wbw`ó K‡i ejv GL‡bv m¤¢e bq| Z‡e AvbygvwbK wn‡m‡e ejv hvq
GB msL¨v cÂvk nvRvi Qvwo‡q hv‡e| cÖwZ‡iva hy‡×B nvbv`vi‡`i nZvn‡Zi msL¨v `k nvRv‡ii g‡Zv n‡e| cieZ©x
gvm¸‡jv‡Z nvbv`vi‡`i nZvn‡Zi e¨vcv‡i Abygvb Kiv hvq hLb †`Lv hvq †mbvevwnbxi wbqg Abyhvqx nvbv`viiv
nZvnZ‡`i e`‡j Avi †Kvb ˆmb¨ cvVv‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| hy‡×i bq gvmB hy‡×i fvimvg¨ wQj gyw³‡hv×v‡`i c‡ÿ| nvbv`viiv
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i nvZ gvi †L‡q wÎk jvL wbixn †jvK‡K nZ¨ K‡i‡Q I cÖvq Pvi jvL gv-†evb‡K al©Y K‡i‡Q| GB Z_¨wU
wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK gn‡ji †`qv| †kl w`‡K ‡`‡ki eyw×Rxex‡`i Ni †_‡K †W‡K wb‡q Kvcyiæ‡li g‡Zv nZ¨v K‡i| GUvB
n‡jv ms‡ÿ‡c evOvwj I evsjv‡`‡ki AZxZ m¤ú‡K© m~Pbv aviYv|

gyw³hy‡×i jÿ¨ wK wQ‡jv Zv e½eÜzi fvlY, ¯^vaxbZvi Bk‡Znvi, 11 `dvq D‡jøL Kiv wQj| Gm‡ei Dci wfwË K‡i 72
msweav‡b ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki jÿ¨ wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi K‡qKwU wQj-
msweav‡bi cÖ¯Ívebvq ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAvgv‡`i iv‡óªi Ab¨Zg g~j j¶¨ nB‡e MYZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z Ggb GK †kvlYgy³
mgvRZvwš¿K mgv‡Ri cÖwZôv †hLv‡b mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ AvB‡bi kvmb, †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi Ges ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK
I mvgvwRK mvg¨, ¯^vaxbZv I mywePvi wbwðZ n‡e|Õ msweav‡bi wewfbœ Aby‡”Q‡` ejv n‡q‡Q, cÖRvZ‡š¿i ivóªfvlv n‡e evsjv
(Aby‡”Q`-3) gvby‡li Dci gvby‡li †kvlY n‡Z gy³ b¨vqvbyM I mvg¨ev`x mgvRjvf wbwðZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ mgvRZvwš¿K
A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv nB‡e (Aby‡”Q` 10), ivóª KZ…©K †Kvb ag©‡K ivR‰bwZK gh©v`v †`qv n‡e bv, ivR‰bwZK
D‡Ï‡k¨ a‡g©i Ace¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv, †Kvb agxq m¤cÖ`v‡qi Dci ˆelg¨ ev wbcxob Kiv hv‡e bv (Aby‡”Q`-12), iv‡óªi
Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡ n‡e †gnbZx gvbyl‡K-K…lK I kªwgK‡K Ges RbM‡Yi AbMÖmi Askmg~n‡K mKj cÖKvi †kvlY n‡Z
gyw³`vb Kiv (Aby‡”Q`-15), iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ n‡e bvMwiK‡`i Abœ e¯¿ Avkªq wkÿv I wPwKrmvmn Rxebavi‡Yi †gŠwjK
DcKi‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv, ivóª GKB c×wZi MYgyLx I mve©Rbxb wkÿv e¨e¯’v cÖwZóv Ki‡e (Aby‡”Q`-17), mKj bvMwi‡Ki
Rb¨ my‡hv‡Mi mgZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z ivóª m‡Pó _vK‡e (Aby‡”Q`-19), cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †hvM¨Zvbymv‡i I cÖ‡Z¨K‡K
Kg©vbyhvqx-GB bxwZi wfwˇZ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K cvwikªwgK w`‡Z n‡e (Aby‡”Q`-20), mKj mg‡q RbM‡Yi †mev Kivi †Póv n‡e
cÖRvZ‡š¿i K‡g© wbhy³ cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i KZ©e¨ (Aby‡”Q`-21), iv‡óªi wbe©vnx A½mgyn n‡Z wePviwefv‡Mi cÖ_KxKiY ivóª
wbwðZ Ki‡e (Aby‡”Q`- 22)| 72 msweav‡b gyw³hy‡×i jÿ¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv A‡bK e³e¨ i‡q‡Q|
ev¯ÍeZv n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖfzZ Dbœqb mvwaZ n‡jI †kvlYgy³ mgvRZvwš¿K mgvR cÖwZwôZ nqwb, mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK
e¨e¯’v cÖwZwôZ nqwb Ges Gi m¤¢vebvI †bB| D‡ëv K‡qK jÿ cuywRcwZi m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges †kvlY †e‡o‡Q| mKj
bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ AvB‡bi kvmb, †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi Ges ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK mvg¨, ¯^vaxbZv I mywePvi
wbwðZ nqwb| GB me AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Q miKvi `jxq †jvKRb I eo‡jv‡Kiv| ivóª Bmjvg‡K ivóª ag© K‡i‡Q,

33

www.mjgobeshona.org
ivR‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ a‡g©i Ace¨envi n‡”Q, mv¤cÖ`vwqK wbcxob Pj‡Q| K…lK, kªwgK Ges RbM‡Yi AbMÖmi Askmg~n
†kvl‡Yi wkKvi n‡”Q cÖwZwbqZ| iv‡óªi mKj bvMwiK Abœ e¯¿ Avkªq wkÿv I wPwKrmvmn Rxebavi‡Yi †gŠwjK DcKiY
wbqwgZ cvq bv| mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ my‡hv‡Mi mgZv wbwðZ ivóª GL‡bv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cvwikªwgK †hvM¨Zvbymv‡i
I Kg©vbyhvqx wba©vwiZ nq bv, gvwjK cÿ Zv‡`i B”Qvbyhvqx cvwikªwgK wba©viY K‡ib| cÖRvZ‡š¿ Kg©Pvix‡`i mevB RbM‡Yi
†mev K‡ib bv A‡b‡K D‡ëv †mev wb‡q _v‡Kb| wePvi wefv‡Mi wbqš¿K (iv‡qi bq) wbe©vnx wefvM Z_v cÖavbgš¿x | evsjv‡K
m‡e©v”P Av`vj‡Z cÖwZwôZ Kiv nqwb, GKgyLx wkÿvi e`‡j Pj‡Q eûgyLx wkÿv| ejv hvq gyw³hy‡×i jÿ¨mg~n GL‡bv
ev¯ÍevwqZ nqwb ei ivóª D‡ëv c‡_ nvU‡Q| `ywU gvÎ wel‡qi D`vnviY Uvbv hvK|
evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i Ab¨Zg cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv evsjv fvlv| evOvwj‡`i g‡b evOvwj RvZxqZv‡eva m„wói Ab¨Zg
KviY wQ‡jv fvlv Av‡›`vjb| ¯^vaxbZvi G‡Zv eQi ciI evsjv‡K m‡e©v”P wkÿvi gva¨g Kiv nqwb| D”P Av`vj‡Z evsjvi
cÖPjb †bB hw`I G‡`‡ki wePvicwZ, AvBbRxex mevB evOvwj| miKvwi Awdm¸‡jv‡Z evsjvi cÖPjb _vK‡jI †emiKvwi
Awdm, we‡`wk †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡k evsjv‡K eR©b K‡i P‡j‡Q| Bs‡iRx bv Rvb‡j PvKwii my‡hvM mxwgZ K‡i w`‡q
Qv·`i evsjv wegyL K‡i †Zvjv n‡”Q| A‡bK BZi †kªYxi cwÛZ e‡j †eov‡”Qb D”P wkÿv, Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨, we‡`‡k fvj
PvKwii Rb¨ Bs‡iRx Rvbv AZ¨vek¨K| Bs‡iRx fvj fv‡e Rvbv Ges fvj Ávb AR©b Kiv wKš‘ GK K_v bq| fvj Ávb
AR©‡bi †kÖô gva¨g n‡jv gvZ… fvlv| Pxb, Rvcvb, †Kvwiqv, Av‡gwiKv, ivwkqvmn c„w_exi me DbœZ †`‡k m‡e©v”P wkÿv
Zv‡`i gvZ…fvlvq †`qv nq| Avevi GKB mv‡_ Bs‡iRx‡ZI Zv‡`i `ÿ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv nq| Z‡e †mB †`‡ki `ÿ I Ávbx
†jvK‡`i mevB †h Bs‡iRx Rv‡bb Ggb bq| evsjv‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk‡`i A‡b‡KB Bs‡iRx Rv‡bb bv| evsjv‡K
eR©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv G‡`‡ki mšÍvb‡`i Ávb evov‡bvi PvB‡Z fvj Bs‡iRx Rvbv D”Pch©v‡qi †Kivwb ev Awdmvi m„wó Kiv
hv‡Z Giv wewfbœ †`wk we‡`wk †Kv¤úvwbi †mev w`‡Z cv‡i| c‡_ Nv‡U Bs‡iRx bvg dj‡Ki QovQwo †`Lv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki
kZKiv GKkZ Rb †jvK evOvwj nIqvi ciI Bs‡iwR‡Z weÁvcb`vZviv g‡b K‡ib G‡Z Zvi cY¨ Rv‡Z DV‡e| †Kvb
miKviB Gi weiæ‡× ‡Kvb e¨e¯’v †bqwb| AvBb Av`vjZ, wkÿv, PvKwi e¨emv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î Bs‡iRxi cÖvavb¨ eRvq _vKvi
Kvi‡Y GB †`‡ki MÖvgxY mvaviY Rb‡Mvôx I Zv‡`i mšÍvb‡`i wewfbœ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b GKgyLx wkÿv e¨e¯’v Pvjyi K_v ejv Av‡Q| GKgyLx wkÿv e¨e¯’vi gv‡b n‡jv
evsjv‡`‡ki mKj wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi mKj †kÖYx‡Z GKB ai‡bi wm‡jevm _vK‡e| wb¤œ †kÖYx †_‡K m‡e©v”P wkÿvi gva¨g n‡e
evsjv| wKš‘ n‡q‡Q wK? †`‡k 13/14 ai‡Yi wkÿv e¨e¯’v Pvjy i‡q‡Q| wkï Kvj †_‡KB wkÿv_©x‡`i 13/14 fv‡M fvM K‡i
†djv n‡q‡Q| gv`ªvmvi Qv·`i mv‡_ ¯‹zj Qv·`i `~iZ¡, mvaviY ¯‹zj Qv·`i mv‡_ Bs‡iwR gva¨‡gi ¯‹zj Qv·`i `~iZ¡,
Avevi G‡KK ai‡bi gv`ªvmv wkÿv gv`ªvmv wkÿv_©x‡`i gv‡S `~i‡Z¡i m„wó K‡i‡Q| ejv nq RbMY‡K a‡g©i w`‡K Uvb‡ZB
gv`ªvmv wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ †`Lv †M‡Q hviv gv`ªvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib ev gv`ªvmv wkÿvi Dci †Rvi †`b Zv‡`i mšÍvb‡`i
†KDB gv`ªvmvq †jLv cov K‡i bv| Bs‡iRx gva¨‡gi QvÎ ‡nvK Avi Avi gv`ªvmvi QvÎ ‡nvK mevB‡Zv G †`‡ki mšÍvb, mevB
evOvwj| Zvn‡j wkÿv e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Avjv`v K‡i ivLv n‡”Q †Kb? GKgyLx wkÿv e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡gB G‡`‡ki
mšÍvb‡`i Bs‡iRx wkÿvq †hgb `ÿ Kiv †h‡Zv †Zgwb D”PZi ag©xq wkÿv †`qv m¤¢e wQ‡jv| GUv ‡Kb Kiv n‡”Q bv? Gi
DËi n‡jv †`‡ki e¨vcK mvaviY Mixe RbM‡Yi mšÍvb‡`i D”P wkÿv, PvKwi evKwi †_‡K ewÂZ Kivi Rb¨B GB eûgyLx
wkÿv e¨e¯’vi cÖPjb| eûgyLx GB wkÿv e¨e¯’v gyw³hy‡×i Av`©k I †PZbv we‡ivax n‡jI Zv P‡j Avm‡Q Ges GB Kvi‡Y
mvaviY RbMY Zv‡`i A‡bK AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ _vK‡Q|

34

www.mjgobeshona.org
G‡Kev‡i Mixe gv evevi mšÍvb‡K gv`ªvmvq cvwV‡q Ggb wkÿv †`qv n‡”Q hv‡Z Zviv †kvlY eÂbv m¤ú‡K© †Kvb aviYv bv
cvq| Mixe‡`i mšÍvb‡`i ¯‹z‡j cvwV‡q wKQz Aÿi Ávb †`qvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq hv‡Z Zviv †QvU †Kvb †`vKv‡bi wnmve ivL‡Z
cv‡i| A‡bK Kg Mix‡ei mšÍvbB wewfbœ evav †cwi‡q D”Pwkÿvi Øv‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i| wbb¥ ga¨we‡Ëi mšÍvb †Kvb iK‡g
K‡j‡Ri MÛx cvi nq, ga¨weË I D”Pga¨we‡Ëi mšÍvb‡`i wkÿvi my‡hvM _v‡K AevwiZ| GB e¨e¯’vi Kvi‡Y wkÿv †ÿ‡Î
†`‡ki mKj bvMwiK mgvb my‡hvM cvq bv| ‡h‡nZz wkÿv †ÿ‡Î mevB mgvb my‡hvM cvqbv ZvB PvKwii †ÿ‡ÎI GUv mZ¨
n‡e| eûgyLx wkÿv e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g †`‡ki Qv·`i †QvUKvj †_‡KB wewfbœ fv‡M K‡i ivLvi d‡j †`‡ki †kvlK‡`i weiæ‡×
QvÎiv GKwU mvaviY (common) Kg©m~wPi wfwˇZ HK¨e× n‡Z cvi‡Q bv| †kvlKiv Zv‡`i †kvlY‡K wbivc` ivL‡Z
cvi‡Q| ïay ZvB bq wkÿvi †Kvb `vwe wb‡qI HK¨e× †Kvb Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡V bv GB wefvR‡bi Kvi‡Y|

Gi cÖavb KviY n‡jv AZx‡Zi mv‡_ eZ©gvb‡K wgjv‡j †`Lv hv‡e 1673 mv‡ji Mfb©i †Rbv‡i‡ji ÿgZv GLb cÖavbgš¿xi
nv‡Z| †ekKg ïay GB †h evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x RbMY KZ…©K wbe©vwPZ nb| 1772 mv‡ji †Rjv, 1773 mv‡ji mycÖxg †KvU©,
1793 mv‡ji †Rjv RR, 1829 mv‡ji wefvM ev wWwfkb, 1861 mv‡ji cywjk meB i‡q ‡M‡Q| GB me cÖwZôvb †h me
AvBb Kvbyb †g‡b ÿgZvmxb weªwUk‡`i †kvlY, kvmb, wbh©vZ‡b mnvqZv w`‡Zv †mB me AvBb Kvbyb GL‡bv wfbœ bv‡g envj
i‡q‡Q| GKvi‡YB kvmK‡Mvôx ev Zv‡`i Kv‡Qi †jv‡Kiv weªwUk‡`i g‡Zv Aev‡a jyUcvU, `yb©xwZ we‡`‡k m¤ú` cvPvi K‡iI
mn‡RB cvi †c‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ejv hvq eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k kvmb e¨e¯’vi w`K †_‡K GL‡bv Dcwb‡ewkK ch©v‡q i‡q †M‡Q|
ZvB A‡b‡K G‡K Af¨šÍixY Dcwb‡ekev` e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| cÖ‡qvRb Dcwb‡ekev`x ivóªxq e¨e¯’vcbvi e`j NwU‡q
¯^vaxb †`‡ki Dc‡hvMx ivóªxq e¨e¯’vcbv m„wó K‡i Dbœq‡bi mydj mKj †kÖYxi RbM‡Yi Øv‡i †cŠQv‡bv|

GLb 2014 mvj| 71 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k 4 wU wefvM I 19 wU †Rjv wQj| wefvM¸‡jv wQj XvKv, PÆMÖvg, ivRkvnx, Lyjbv|
1993 mv‡j Lyjbv wefv‡Mi GK Ask wb‡q ewikvj wefvM n‡q‡Q| 1998 mv‡j PÆMÖvgwefv‡Mi GK Ask wb‡q wm‡jU wefvM
n‡q‡Q| 2010 mv‡j ivRkvnx wefv‡Mi GK Ask wb‡q iscyi wefvM n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wefv‡Mi msL¨v 7wU| GB msL¨v Av‡iv
evo‡Z cv‡i| 19 wU †Rjv †e‡o n‡q‡Q GLb n‡q‡Q 64 †Rjv| cvVK‡`i myweavi Rb¨ 71 mvj I eZ©gv‡bi †Rjv¸‡jvi
bvg Zz‡j aiv n‡jv| 1. iscyi †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b iscyi, MvBev›`v, KzwoMÖvg, jvjgwbinvU, bxjdvgvix †Rjv| 2. w`bvRcyi
†Rjv-eZ©gv‡b w`bvRcyi, VvKziMuvI, cÂMo †Rjv| 3. e¸ov †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b e¸ov, RqcyinvU †Rjv| 4. cvebv †Rjv-
eZ©gv‡b cvebv, wmivRMÄ †Rjv| 5. ivRkvnx †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b ivRkvnx, bIMuv, PuvcvBbeveMÄ, bv‡Uvi †Rjv| 6. Lyjbv
†Rjv-eZ©gv‡b Lyjbv, ev‡MinvU, mvZÿxiv †Rjv| 7. Kzwóqv †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b Kzwóqv, †g‡nicyi, gv¸ov, PzqvWvOv †Rjv| 8.
h‡kvi †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b wSbvB`n, h‡kvi, bovBj †Rjv| 9. ewikvj †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b ewikvj, †fvjv, SvjKvVx, wc‡ivRcyi
†Rjv| 10. cUzqvLvjx †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b cUzqvLvjx, ei¸bv †Rjv| 11. gqgbwmsn †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b gqgbwmsn, wK‡kviMÄ,
†b·KvYv, †kicyi, Rvgvjcyi †Rjv| 12. Uv½vBj †Rjv (†Kvb fvM nqwb)| 13. XvKv †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b XvKv, MvRxcyi,
gvwbKMÄ, gyÝxMÄ, bvivqYMÄ, biwmsw` †Rjv| 14. dwi`cyi †Rjv-eZ©gv‡b dwi`cyi, †MvcvjMÄ, gv`vixcyi, ivRevox,

35

www.mjgobeshona.org