Branches

of Microbiology c. Sporadic – seasonal (ex. Leptospirosis)

d. Pandemic – worldwide or exceptionally high number of population
1. Bacteriology
• colony – group of bacteria Types of Microbes
ex. Salmonella typhosa/typhi – contaminated food and water: Typhoid fever
Mycobacterium tuberculosis – air droplets/inhalation: pulmonary tuberculosis to 1. Normal flora / Normal microbiota / Microflora / Indigenous microflora
extrapulmonary tb – 87%
Treponema pallidum subspecie pallidum – syphilis – innate, non-pathogenic, beneficial
ex. Lactobacillus shirota – Yakult
2. Parasitology Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecie bulgaricus – yogurt
ex. Plasmodium species 2. Pathogens
– 3%
3. Mycology – induced by: lifestyle, mutation, antibiotic abuse
– fungi: hyphae and spores • virulence factor – enzymes, substances, appendages that help bacteria become
ex. Candida albicans – candidiasis / oral thrush: common in HIV patients pathogenic
3. Opportunistic pathogens
4. Virology – 10%
ex. Picorna virus – RNA – in immunocompromised patients
Hepadna virus – DNA ex. Neisseria meningitidis – meningococcemia: systematic infection

5. Phycology
– study of algae

6. Protozoology
– study of protozoans

Scope of Microbiology

1. Agricultural Microbiology
– fertilization of soil using microorganisms
2. Food Microbiology
– making food safe for consumption
3. Sanitary Microbiology
a. Water analysis – presence of coliforms
b. Rectal swab – to check if patient is a carrier of S. typhosa
4. Industrial Microbiology
– production of vaccines
5. Microbial Ecology / Environmental Microbiology
– covers agricultural, food, sanitary and industrial microbiology
6. Public Health Microbiology
– mortality and morbidity rates
7. General Microbiology
– all types of microorganisms: zoonotic
8. Medical & Clinical Microbiology
– human pathogens
9. Epidemiology
a. Epidemic – disease is common in a particular area or field
b. Epidemic – sudden increase in incidence and occurrence
LJ