School of Engineering CHARLES DARWINUNIVERSITY ENG224 Electrical Machines and Power Systems ‘Tutorial § Solutions: Induction Machines ENG224 Tut 5.1 (@) A four pole, 50 Hz, three phase induction motor runs at 1450 rpm, Calculate the slip and the frequency of the current in the rotor conductors. {Ans: 0.033, 1.67Hz} (b) Repeat (a) for the motor at standstill. {Ans: 1.0, 50 Hz} SOLUTION p=4 £=50 Hz n= 1,450 rpm 120f _ 120x50 = 1,500 rpm P @ ) fy =sfj =1x50=50 Hz, ENG224 Tut ‘A balanced 3 phase 60 Hz voltage is applied to a 3 phase, 2 pole induction motor. Itruns at a slip of 0.05. What is the speed of : (a) The stator filed relative to the stator winding? 1s: (a) 3600 rpm} (b) The rotor field relative to the rotor winding? : 180 rpm} (©) The rotor field relative to the stator winding? {Ans: 3600 rpm} (@) The rotor field relative to the stator field? {Ans: 0} (©) The frequency of the rotor currents? {Ans: 3 Hz} SOLUTION p=2 £=60 Hz = 0.05 mg = 20L «12060 «5.600 rpm Pp (@) 3,600 pm (oy 1202 _ 120% ¢s fi) _ 120% (0.05% 60) P P 2 (©) Both fields rotate at synchronous speed i.e. 3,600 rpm @ 3,600 rpm (©) fy =sf = 0.0560 80 xpm 0 Hz. ENG224Tut 5 Soln vii K. DebnathENG224 Tut 5.3 ‘A3 phase 4 pole induction motor is rated at : 415 V, 50 Hz, $0 kW. It has the following star equivalent circuit (per phase) parameters are as follows: BY, 15V, R,=0.08 Q, R,=0.110,X,,= 0.7470, R,=113Q, X,, =11 2 (a) Calculate I,, I, and I;,, output power, input power and efficiency when it runs at 1440 RPM. {Ans: (8)91.82-27.7°A, 21.92 -84.4°A, 81.82 -14.8° A, 53.07kW, 58.42 kW, 90.8% } (b) At what speed does it give its maximum possible torque, and what is the corresponding output and input powers, and efficiency? {Ans: 1280 RPM, 88.4 kW, 116.1 kW, 76.1%} SOLUTION £=50Hz Vi=415 volts Pye = 50,000 watts 20x50 = 1,500 rpm (a) n= 1,440 rpm ng—n _ 1,500~1,440 7 1,500 2.=0.08+ 2114 50.747 = 2.927/14.89 ohms 0.04 04 oY, 0 Tees = eee LBB Hg 1a ee ar Z V3 2.997/14,8° 0 2 = 1134) jl = tHE _ 10,95 184.4 ohms 1134/11 Vpn _ 415/0° 1 = 21,89/—84.4° amps eens onl OB” 10.95 184.4° Ty = 1g +45 = 21.89/—84.4 481.86 /—14.8° = 91.81 /-27.7° amps Pin = V3 Vy ly, cos = V3x415%91.81x.cos(27.7°) = 58,429.89 watts = 58.43 kW Pout =3%(2 Ra) (81.86 x0.11)x a = 53,072.39 watts = 53.07 kW = Pout _ 33.07 _ 9.9083 or 90.83% P; 58.43 —— () Slip at maximum torque =o. 1464 V0.087 +0.7477 (Alternative method: Max torque when 82 =| + iXeql lead to Smaxt = 0.1464) SmaxT n= (1-s)xn, = (1-0,1464)x1,500 = 1,280 rpm ENG224Tut $ Soln au K, DebnathAttl peed, 0.1464, L Vpn _ 415/0° 1 Z VB 1.118 /41,94° Pout = 3% (lz Ra)x— Zz (00%; oat 0747 = 1.1814 94° ohms 214.4 /-41.94° amps 0.1464 3x (214.4? 0.11) =3%29,481.9 watts = 88.45 kW s 0.1464 2 2 9 1) pny 2 (415/73) Pioss = 3*| [5 (Ry +RQ) +— 3x| 214.4* x (0.08 + 0.11) +————— oss | 13 (Ri + Ro) Re « ) na =3x (8,733.8 + 508) watts = 3 9,241.8 = 27,725.5 watts = 27.73 KW Pou 88.45 Phat Pigg 8845427073 = 0.7613 or 76.13% ENG224 Tut 5.4 ‘A three phase 15 hp, 460 volt, 4-pole, 60 Hz, 1,728-rpm induction motor delivers full output power to a load connected to its shaft. The windage and friction loss of the motor is 750 watts. Determine the (a) Mechanical power delivered. (©) Air gap power. (©) Rotor copper loss. (Hint: | hp = 746 watts) SOLUTION (a) Full-load shaft power = 15 x 746 = 11,190 W ‘Mechanical power developed = shaft power + windage and friction loss = 11,190 + 750 = 11,940 120 x 60 ) Synchronous speed y=" S° = 1800rpm ' 1800 - 1728 Slip ¢ = 180071728 _ lip 1500 7 004 i 11,940 Ai 5 irgappower Pym pg = 12,437.5W © Rotorcopperloss — P; = 0.04 x 12,437.5 =497.5W ENG224Tut 5 Soln 3m K. DebnathENG224 Tut 5.5 3 phase, 4 pole, induction motor gave the following results when tested. DC stator resistance 0,08. Q/phase Locked rotor 220 Vi, 165 A, 15.4 kW total power No load 415 Vit, 22 A, 1.5 kW total power Calculate the values of impedances in the equivalent cireuit = 0.110, X,=0.759, R,=115Q, X,=119} SOLUTION: p=4 Ry = 0.08 ohms. Locked rotor test: 220 Von = = = 127 volts; I= 165 amps; P = 15,400 watts n= Pon =P(Ry +Ra) 15,400 _ 1652, +R) 15,400 (R, +R2)=—2 tase 0.08+Ry =0.1886 DH Ry =0.1886-0.08 = 0.1086 ohms ad test: V=415 volts, P = 1,500 watts, I= 22 amps. 415 Vpn == = 239.6 volts me vA 2 V, =P 3x73 - 114.82 ohms. 1, =~ = 7396 _ 9.087 amps P 1,500 R, 114.82 PsRh+P, Diy =P -1 =¥22? -2.0877 =21.9 amps. X, mea TOt 114,82%10,94 114.82%10.94 _ 1256.1 R.xX, RRetiXeml [114.824 510.94 frig.go? + j1o.oa? 115.34 Check: Z= =10.89 ohms. y, h _ 239.6 _ 19.89 ohms, Checked. 2D By direct calculations, Z = ENG224Tut 5 Soin am K. DebnathENG224 Tut 5.6 (@) Calculate values of torque for the motor of Tutorial 5.5 for speeds of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1420, 1440, 1460, 1480 rpm. It is supplied with 3 phase, 50Hz, 415V. Plot the graph of torque vs speed, (b) It drives a fan which has a power vs speed characteristic of Pp = KN3, and which takes 54 kW at 1440 rpm, Draw the torque vs speed characteristic of the fan on the same graph as that of the motor. SOLUTION Vpn _ 415/0° 1 (@ 1) = = 4B Zz v3 2 ) +0.75? « 1 oul 7 2 8 (008221) +0.75? s 2n _120f 2m _120x50 20 But Pag =@gynTinech 804 syn = ayn X GER GE P Pag _ 4157 1 O11 awe MST, OT gyn 50% 2 5 ” (008-224) +0,75? s Speed (rpm) | Slip | Tyycen (Nm) | Ty (N.m) 0 1 202 200 0.8617_| 230 1.440 358 1,500 a 0 0 () Pp=K.NZ but Tyas ‘Ty = KN? 358 =358 Nm=K.N? =K.(1,440)?_ K = 1.7265x10°4 1,440? Ty = K.N? =1.7265x10 N2 N, (rpm) | T;_(N.m) 1,500 | 388.56 1,300 | 291.85 1,000 | 172.69 1,420 [348.20 | 1,460 | 368.00 1,480 [378.30 ENG224Tut 5 Soin sit K, DebnathENG224 Tut 5.7 The following test results are obtained from a three phase 60 hp, 2200 volt, 6-pole, 60 Hz squirrel-case induction motor. 1. No Toad test: Line voltage = 2200 V, frequency = 60 Hz, line current = 4.5 A, input power = 1600 W. 2. Blocked rotor test: Line voltage = 270 V, frequency = 15 Hz, line current = 25 A, input power = 9000 W 3. Average de resistance per stator phase = 2.8 ohms. (a) Determine the no-load rotational losses. (1429.9 watts} (b) Determine the parameters of the IEEE recommended equivalent circuit. (Xj=7.96, X= 273.04} (©) Determine the parameters Vis, Ry, and Xq for the Thevenin equivalent circuit. {0.9 Vi, 2.63, 7.96} SOLUTION (a) From the no-load test, the no-load power is Py. = 1600 W ‘The no-load rotational loss is Pro = Pra. ~ 3RRs 1600 - 3X 4.5?X 2.8 = 1429.9 W «For the nooad condition) ils is very high. Therefore, in the equivalent circult of Fig, 5.16, tof Tnagnetizing reactance X is shunted by a very high resistive br race aeenting the rotor circuit, The reactance of this parallel combing; Tunis almost the same as Xq. Therefore the total reactance Xo, ms fared at no load at tiie stator terminals, is essentially X; + X=. 7} equivalent circuit at no load is shown in Fig. BS.32- = 1270.2 V/phase wang ‘The no-load impedance is Yi, 12702. aep270 a8 “Er ENG224Tut $ Soin ont K. Debnath{a} Nortood equivalent circuit (2) Blockeotor equivalent circuit — ! aR OX oe ‘ | su 1 x 1 Ce seston att et pd wn FIGURE E5.3 The no-load resistance is a _1600 Re 3h 3x45 ere ‘The no-load reactance is Xu Zh ~ Rha)" = (282.27 - 26.34)!" = 281.00, Thus, X; + Xx = Xa = 281.00. For the blocked-rotor test the slip is 1. In the equivalent circuit of Fig. 5.15, the magnetizing reactance Xm is shunted by the low-impedance branch jX$+ Rs. Because [Xql > [RS + Xi), the impedance Xp, can be neglected and the equivalent circuit for the blocked-rotor test reduces to the form shown in Fig. E5.3b, From the blocked-rotor test, the blocked-rotor resistance is Pa, __9000 iy. = Sg 480 ENG224Tut 5 Soln mm K, DebnathRy. — Ry = 4.8 ~ 2.8 = 20. The blocked-rotor imped- ance at 15 Hz is Y__270 Lo V3x25 The blocked-rotor reactance at 15 Hz is Xun = (6.28 — 4.89) = 3980 tum = 6.240, Its value at 60 Hz is Xan = 3.98 x Xm =X; +X$ Hence, 15.92 96.0. (at 60H) ‘The magnetizing reactance is therefore Xq=281.0- 7.96 = 273.040 Comments: The rotor equivalent resistance Rj plays an important role in the performance of the induction machine. A more accurate determination of Rj is recommended by the IEEE as follows: The blocked resistance Ry. is the sum of R, and an equivalent resistance, say R, which is the resistance of Ri + 7X; in parallel with Xq as shown in Fig. E5.30; therefore, Xh___py RE + OL + Ke? TEX} + X_ > Ri, as is usually the case, ne (ee) Xp +X)? R x) Now R = Ry, ~ Ry = 4.8 ~ 2.8 = 2.0. So, a (796-4 278.08)" 9 ff ( 273.04 yx or 120 (©) From Eq, 5.45 273.04 796 + 273.04 .97V, Van vi From Eq. 5.46a Ru=0.97R, = 0.97 24 2.63.0 From Eq, 5.47 XaeXi = 960 ENG224Tut $ Soin wil K. DebnathENG224 Tut 5.8 ‘A three phase 460V 1740 rpm 60 Hz 4-pole wound rotor induction motor has the following parameters per phase. R, = 0.25 ohm R2=0.2 ohm X;=X2=0.5 ohm Xm ‘The rotational losses are 1700 watts. With the rotor terminals short circuited, find (2) Starting current when started direct on full voltage. {245.9 66° A} (b) Starting torque. {185.2 Nm} (©) Full load slip. {0.0333} (@) Full load current, {42,754 [-19.7° A} (©) Ratio of starting eurrent to full load current. {5.75} (0) Full load power factor {0.94 lagging) (g) Full load torque. {163.11 Nm} (h) Internal efficiency and motor efficiency at full load. {96.7 %, 87.5%} (i) Slip at which maximum torque is developed. {0.1963} (j) Maximum torque developed. 431.68 Nm} (k) How much external resistance per phase should be connected in the rotor circuit so that maximum torque occurs at start? {0.8186 ohm/phase} SOLUTION 4 65.8 volts/phase (a) Atstart s = 1, The input impedance is 30(0.2 + 2, =025+/05 + 0.2 +730. = 1.08/66 265.6 oe a= Tparge” AS SLBEA ENG224Tut 5 SoIn ont K, Debnath() co Va Zo Ra Xn © @) © @® () u ENG224Tut 5 Soln 1800 1800 2m = 188.5 rad/sec Spr = 1885 _265.6(/30.0) ~o25 + 30.5) “713 {30(0.25 + 0.5) _ 0.25 + 730.5 0.55163.9" 24 + 0.49 0240 =049 =X Pag _ TERI pe om 3 261.3 02 [aes O45 02) + (049+ 05) < oar 2 9 02, Fang * CN IEXF = 185.2N-+m _ 1800 se 1800 .25 + 0.5 + 5.598 + 1.596 .2123/19.7° 2 265.6 2123 19.7 2.754 /—19.7° In= PF = cos(19.7*) = 0.94 (lagging) 3 (261.3? 188.5 (0.24 + 6.017 + (0.49 + 0.5) =e 1885 =163.11N-m 41,29? x 6.01 10/11 x 6.01 K. Debnath(h) Air gap power: Pop = Tey = 163.11 X 1885 = 30,746.2W Rotor copper loss: Ps sPy = 0.0833 x 30,746.2 = 1023,9W Post = (1 — 0,0333)30,746. Paar = Payer ~ P, 9,722.3 ~ Papa = 3V; I; cos = 3 X 265.6 x 42.754 x 0,94 = 32,022.4W 28,0223, 32,0224 Elina = (1 ~ 5) = 100 = 87.5% 0.0333 = 0.967 -+ 96.7% © From Bg. 558 7 02 _ . oe TOR (OAT FORA” Tonge 7 01963 @) From Eq, 5.59 pees 261 "Dx 1885 [0244 [02a + +05)] =431.68N-m Tray _ 431, Tr 163.1 ~*6 ww a Ri+ Roa RitRiw me Sy (0494 0578 186, Rex= 1.0186 ~ 0.2 = 0.8186 O/phase Note that for parts (a) and (b) itis not necessary to use Thevenin’s equivalent circuit. Calculation can be based on the equivalent circuit of Fig. 5.15 as follows: Z= Ri tik + RIX, = 0.25 +j0.5 + 5.598 + 1.596 np, Onn = 2 Tags * 42.754 x 5.598 =16Nem « K. Debnath ENG224Tut $ Soln wit