Engineering Mechanics (5/230 oy, C5/= 34) Similarly Typ = Tao * [sy +(-3)° 5.83 = - Typ (0.857) + 0.514 k) n1si-Sjtk py C1SE-Sf +k) 5.31 Ty = Te aaa tl = ~ Ty, (0.2821 + 0.942; ~ 0.188 k) | Resultant of all forces meeting at point A = Ty + Tay + Te ~ 2 1467-0282 T,)i~ (536.67 + 0857 Ty, + 0.942 T,.)j + (161 - 0514 Ty, + 0.188 7, ‘As resultant force at A is to be vertical EF, =Oand ZF, =0 That gives: 214.67 - 0.282T,, = 0 214.67 2. Tensi AC: T,, = ——— = 761.24N «Tension in able AC: Ty.= 555 Also 161 - 0.514 T,, + 0.188 T,, = 0 161 + 0.188 x761.24 0.514 <. Tension in cable AB: T,, = = 591.66 N EXAMPLE 4.31 | A tripod supports a load of 2.5 KN at point P as shown in Fig. 4.23. The end points A, B and C of the three es lie in the x-2 plane. Make calculations for the force developed in each leg. Solution : With point O as origin, the coordinates of the end points are : A(15, 0,0); B(0, 0, 15m) and C(-1.25, 0, -1). ‘The coordinates of the point P which supports the load are P (0, 2, 0). Let T,, T, and T, be the tension in the legs AP, BP and CP respectively.” “e The vector expression for tension induced in a leg is = magnitude of tensic i along the direction of Hat leg on unit vector = AP =(0-15)i+(2-0)j+(0-0)k =-15i+2; B=, x hf (-1.5)? + (2)? =7,(-06i+08)) Fig. 4.23 Similarly ; Th = T xia 15k Tore Cis ~ 1208j-06k) ocalney WILT Ualloccuncurrent rorces in Space 3 (0.49 i + 0.78 j + 0.39 ky Also 7 ecltant ofall the forces meeting at point P aT th tte = 06T, + 0.4973) i + (O8T, + O8T, + 0.787, - 2.5) j + (-0.6T, +0.39T,) k applying the equilibrium conditions to point P R==F =0 ‘hen equating the coefficients of i jand k to zero, we get -06T, + 0.49; = 0 w OST, + 0ST, + 0.78T;-25= 0 oli) -06T, +0397; = 0 (ii) From identities () and (ii): T= a 3=0816T; and T,= Ga Substituting these values for T, and T, in identity (ii), we get 08 x 0816 T; + 08 x 0.65 T; + 0.78T, =25 or (0.653 + 0.52 + 0.78) T,= 25 25 .. Force developed in leg CP: T;, Force developed in leg BP: T, = Force developed inleg AP: T, EXAMPLE 4,32 A laud of 1500 N is supported at point A by three cables AB, AC and AD as shown in Fig. 4.24. Make calculations for the tensions induced in each cable. 7 " =128kN 1.953 .65 x 1.28 = 0.832 KN 816 x 1.28 = 1.04 kN 1500 N] Fig. 4.24 i" Scanned with CamSca44} Engineering Mechanics Solution : Let T,, T, and T; be the tensions induced in the cable AB, AC and AD re, i jous points with O as origin are Seo B(-25,0,15); C(3,0,0) and D(0,0,~25) ‘The vector expression for tension induced in a cable is = magnitude of tension , along the direction of that cable tet FB = 25-01 +[0-(-5)]j + (15-0 2 -2514+5j+15k 2 -2,51+5j+1.5k T= 1X ayes oye + (15? = (0.4321 + 0.864) + 0.259 k) Ty Pectivey, Similarly : a - i . : Tho tes Brat = (05141 + 0.8577) T, . 8j-25k ‘ 7, = Tyx ay = 8s j—-048787, Also: W = -1500f Resultant of all the forces meeting at point A aT+T+T+W = (0.432 T, + 0.514 T,) i + (0.864 T, + 0.857 T, + 0.894 Ts ~ 1500) j + (0.259 T, + 0.477)k Since the state of equilibrium exists, R = 0. That is -0.432T, +0.514T,=0; T,=0.84T, ) 0.864 T, + 0.857 T, + 0.894 T; - 1500 = 0 lil) =0.259T, -0.447T,=0; T;=0579T, iii) Substituting the values of T, and T; in expression (ii) we get 0.864 T, + 0.857 x 0.84 T, + 0.894 x 0.579 T, = 1500 or (0.864 + 0.72 + 0.517)T, = 1500 +. Tension in cable AB: T, = 713.94 N (Tension) Tension in cable AC: T, = 0.847, = 599.71 N (Tension) Tension in cable AD : T; =0.579T, = 413.37 N (Tension) EXAMPLE 4,33 i A force F with a magnitude of 100 N is applied at the origin O of the axes *¥ 7 iw Fig. 4.25. The line ofaction of F passes througha point A whose co-ordinates are 3 m4 mand" (a) the x, y, z scalar components of F (b) the projection of F on the x-y plane, and ()_the projection of F along of the line OB | y Scanned with CamScaConcurrent Forces in Space 4 Coordinates of point A =(,4,5) sotiom = G-0)i + (4-0)j +5-O)k vector OA =3i+4j+5k | 3i+4j+5k 5 Jong OA = unit vector 210" 32 +a +52 = 0.424 + 0.566) + 0.707 k rorce vector F =magnitude of force x unit vector slong the direction of force = 100(0.424 i + 0.566; + 0.707 k) = 4241 + 56.6) +70.7k se scalar components of force vector F are F,2424N; F,=566N and F,=707N (Projection of F on xy plane Projection = 31 +4j 3i+4j 5 Unit vector 61 +08; Then _F,, = F x unit vector along projection on x-y plane = (42.41 + 56.6j + 70.7k)- (0.61 +0.8)) = 42.4 x 0.6 + 56.6 x 0.8 = 70.72N Alternatively : The cosine of angle @ between F and x - y plane is given by o- et! eam; 0-8 cos = Wt * _-0707; 0= 32 + 4? +5? F,, = Fcos@ = 100 x cos 45° = 70.7N (Vector OB = (6 -0)i + (6-0)j + (2-0) k=6i + 6j+2k 61+ 6) + 2K _ 0699 + 0.688) + 0.229k Unit vector along OB = —5—— . e+e +2? Then Fog = F x unit vector along OB = (42.41 +56.6f+ 70.7 k) + (0.688 i + 0.688 j + 0.229 k) = 42.4 x 0,688 + 56.6 x 0.688 + 70.7 x 0.229 = 29.17 + 38.94 + 16.19 = 84.3N ry SEE ud Scanned with CamScaConcurrent Forces in Space Mf AAR =sai le) \. Conceptual and conventional questions : |. What is meant by concurrent forces in space? > Define the terms unit vector and position vector. 3. Explain the concept of dot and cross products in the context of vectors. 4. Express vectorially the resultant of concurrent forces in space. 5, State the conditions of equilibrium for a particle in space. Define moment of force about a point in space. A line originates at the points (4, 1, ~ 2) and passes through the point (2, 2, 6). What will be the unit vector along this line? s. Two vectors A and B are defined by the relations. A=3i+4j+6k and B=4i+5j-9k Determine the sum, difference and dot product of these vectors. Also find the angle between A -i-j+15k;-22; 109.2% and B. (7i49j-3 8. Two vectors A and B with magnitude 10 units and 15 units respectively have a dot product equivalent to 50 units. Find the magnitude of their cross product. (1444 units) 10. The coordinates of the initial and terminal points of a vector are (3, 1, ~2) and (4, -7, 10). Specify the vector, evaluate its magnitude and direction cosines. (i-8 j +12 k, 14.46, 0.069, - 0.553, 0.830) 11. The line of action of a 100 N force F passes through points A (2,5,8) and B (7,2,6). The direction of force is from A to B. Express F in terms of the unit vectors i, j and k. (81.11 i - 48.67 j -32.44k) 12. A constant force 4 + 3j moves a particle along straight line from position (6, 9, 5) to position (4,6,8). What work will be done by the force? Take force in newtons and distances in metres. (-17Nm) A force F = (101 + 8j—5k) N acts at point A (2,5, 6) m. What is the moment ofthe force about the point B (3, 1, 4) m (361 +15j-48kNm) 14. A point P is acted upon by the following set of forces as shown in Fig. 4.26. F, =900N acting along line PA F, = 1200 Nacting along line PB F, = 1500N If the resultant of these forces is parallel to axis bi should be the irction of force BR Proceed to calculate the magnitude of the resultant force, 0 A vera load of "000 Nis S oported by three bars as shown in Fig 427i Points C,Oand Dare in zy plane while B is 15 m above this plane. The base Poin : A (0,6, 0), B(-3, 15,0) C (0,0, 3) and D (3, 0, - 3) Compute the forces in each member. re Scanned with CamScaEngineering Mechanics Fig. 4.27 Fig. 4.26 i rts A, Band C which are coplanar in 1-2 plane eres pe tubs ofballand socket ype ake calculations forthe forces in member point \D, BD and CD (Refer Fig. 4.28) (© 13 KN, 58 KN, 50.4 kN) AD, BD an 4. Fig. 4.28 Fig. 4.29 ; 17. An electric post is kept in equilibrium by a metal guy rope tied to a peg P as ae ig. 4.25. Ifthe force in guy rope is estimated to be 1250 N, calculate the components of at the peg and the angles of inclination with the tectangular axes, o ) | (- 603 N, 1060 N, 210 N, 120.3°, 31.8", ahs 16 For a concurrent force system in space depicted in Fig. 4.30, the tension in string AB is 75 inf ths resultant of three forces applied at A is vertical. Make cale dete foe the tensions | induced in strings AC and AD, and the resultant force. (40,5 kN, 123.7 KN, 2224 19. A three member 5 rent or formed by the member OA, OB and OC, and a weight of 10 KNis suspended at the joint O as shown in f force : Fig, 431. Calculate the magnitude and nature o! induced in each member of the truss, 7 7 er (12.5 kN, 18 kN, ~ 12° | m 184) Scanned with CamScarir en ip Fig. 4.30 Fig. 4.31 B. Complete the following statements with most appropriate word/words : 1. The force system on a tripod carrying a camera is an example of 2. The resultant of two force vectors can be obtained according t Jaw. 3. The unit vector is obtained by dividing the vector by 4. A zero vector is also called a ... vector. 5. Avector F 2i+3j-4kk passes through the origin. The magnitude of its vector component along y-axis is 6. The dot product of two vector quantities is defined as the product of the magnitude of the vectors and .. of their included angle. 7. Two vectors will be to each other if their cross product is zero. 8. If, m and n represent the direction cosines of a force system, then the sum of their squares equals .. Answers: 1. non-coplanar concurrent 2. parallelogram, triangle 3. its magnitude 4. null 5. three 6.cosine 7. parallel 8. unity goog rare Scanned with CamSca