94 1,182 1.183 1.184 We have = —n or, dm= - pdt ™ ' Integrating fa- wu fa of, m= my- pt ™ 0 As i= 0 so, from the equation of variable mass system : a es (mu) = F or, So ie FArmg— ui) dt . : or, far Ff . (7% - ws) 0 0 F m Hence ou = 5, ("0 Bo” (img = Be Let the car be moving in a reference frame to which the hopper is fixed and at any instant of time, let its mass be m and velocity 97 Then from the general equation, for variable mass system. mn Fem a dt We write the equation, for our system as, dv > -sdm oo mon FP E as, ie -F a) So 4 (ii) = F and pe Fon integration. m But m= my + pt > Fr 50, — my (: + ms mo av F Thus the sought acceleration, w= ©” = ——“~—— my (1+ mo Let the length of the chain inside the smooth horizontal tube at an arbitrary instant is x. From the equation, <> = od nid Foie1.185 95 as = 0, F tt w; for the chain inside the tube haws T where k= 7 @) Similarly for the overhanging part, AZ Tr w= 0 ’ a= 45° att = toe hen be EX, _ @rbG): 21) VE" |MIINL Vab +0719 2b% Ww te big Va +b te 2, Vase ty bt2 So, 2b b= a? +b?t9 oF, fom Vi-Gs fy cannot be negative) It is also obvious from the figure that the angle o. is equal to 45° at the moment fo, when a= biQ, ie. ty = Va7b and N= 2VG e96 1186 W@= FKp= (Be3 lem (5+) = myo gt? sin F+a](-k) + 1 vy gt? sin(2 +0) @) 2 2 2 = dry gt? cosa (-F): mv, gt? cos a Thus M (t) = 2 Thus angular momentum at maximum height ; + Ypsina deat te 72 me 3 ‘ i? v mo) 2 2 M5] [Gg |sit acosa= 37kg-m’/s 9 Alternate : Ut ] OG 2 we me MO) 0 s0, Me f Wa~ f (7mz) of ‘ =f | (ieee hae?) mB de (a mB) = J ‘0 2 ( 0 é) 2 1,187 (a) The disc experiences gravity, the force of reaction of the horizontal surface, and the force R of reaction of the wall at the moment of the impact against it. The first two forces counter-balance each other, leaving only the % force R. It's moment relative to any point of A the line along which the vector R’acts or along normal to the wall is equal to zero and therefore oL > the angular momentum of the disc relative to = a On any of these points does not change in the given I process. ie (b) During the course of collision with wall Il 0 the position of disc is same and is equal to 7, Obviously the increment in linear momentum of the ball Ap™= 2my cos an Here, AM = 72, x Ap’ 2mv cos on and directed normally emerging from the plane of figure Thus |AM|= 2mvlcosa ' 1.188 (a) The ball is under the influence of forces T and m gat all the moments of time, while moving along a horizontal circle. Obviously the vertical component of 7’balance m Z’and1.189 1.190 97 so the net moment of these two about any point becoems zero. The horizontal component of T, which provides the centripetal acceleration to ball is already directed toward the centre (C) of the horizontal circle, thus its moment about the point C equals zero at all the moments of time. Hence the net moment of the force acting on the ball about point C equals zero and that’s why the angular mommetum of the ball is conserved about the horizontal circle. (b) Let « be the angle which the thread forms with the vertical. Now from equation of particle dynamics : Tcosa= mg and Tsina = ma” Isina Hence on solving cos a = aa q) a As |M | is constant in magnitude so from figure. |AM|= 2M cos a where M~ |M,|~= |Mj| = [xm |= mv las iit") Thus| AM |= 2 mv 1cos a= 2 mo I? sin a.cos a 2 \2 . = Pmt y/ 5) (using 1). the reference point O moves in hoizontal direction During the free fall time t= « = (say towards right) by the distance Ve. In the translating frame as M (0) =0, so AM=M,- 7 IW) = (-Vuithj )xm[gtj-Vi] . > = -mVgcis mVh(+k) J (9) : -mve(z Fev nce = -mVhE Hence |AM|= mVh The Coriolis force is.(2mv” x @). Here Gis along the z-axis (vertical). The moving disc is moving with velocity vy which is constant. The motion is along the x-axis say. Then the Coriolis force is along y-axis and has the magnitude 2m vo oo. At time £, the distance of the centre of moving disc from O is vot (along x-axis). Thus the torque N due to the coriolis force is N= 2mvycrvet along the z-axis.1.191 1.192 Hence equating this to a dM 7 UMMOt or M= mvj an” + constant. The constant is irrelevant and may be put equal to zero if the disc is originally set in motion from. the point O. This discussion is approximate. The Coriolis force will cause the disc to swerve from straight line motion and thus cause deviation from the above formula which will be substantial for large t. If += radial velocity of the particle then the total energy of the particle at any instant is 1p? gmr+s at WP aE (1) where the second term is the kinetic energy of angular motion about the centre O. Then the extreme values of r are determined by 7 = 0 and solving the resulting quadratic equation 2 per + 20 paEtVE 2k we get From this we see that Enki +r) 2) where r, is the minimum distance from O and r, is the maximum distance. Then Joh + 2h} = RC +) Hence, m= “2 ‘Note : Eq. (1) can be derived from the standard expression for kinetic energy and angular momentum in plane poler coordinates : 1, 2,1 @2 Taxmi?+5mro M = angular momentum = mr” 6 The swinging sphere experiences two forces : The gravitational force and the tension of the thread. Now, it is: clear from the condition, given in the problem, that the moment of these forces about the vertical axis, passing through the point of suspension N, = 0. Con- sequently, the angular momentum M, of the sphere relative to the given axis (z) is constant. Thus my, (Isin 8) = mv (1) where m is the mass of the sphere and v is it s velocity in the position, when the thread x forms an angle > with the vertical. Mechanical energy is also conserved, as the sphere is