PISTONES

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Modelo: C-12 TRUCK ENGINE 1YN
Configuración: C-12 Truck Engine 1YN00001-UP
Pautas de reutilización y recuperación

Visual Inspection of the Piston{1214}
Número de medio -SEBF8049-16 Fecha de publicación -06/09/2006 Fecha de actualización -06/12/2006
i02563276
Visual Inspection of the Piston{1214}

SMCS - 1214
Engine:Commercial All
3044C (S/N: 3441-UP)
Engine:Truck All
Industrial Engine:with Turbochargers All
Machine Engines: All
Marine Engine:with Turbochargers All
Introduction
This Reuse and Salvage Guideline contains the necessary information in order to allow a dealer to
establish a parts reusability program. Reuse and salvage information enables Caterpillar Dealers and
customers to benefit from cost reductions. Every effort has been made in order to provide the most
current information that is known to Caterpillar. Continuing improvement and advancement of
product design might have caused changes to your product which are not included in this
publication. This Reuse and Salvage Guideline must be used with the latest technical information
that is available from Caterpillar.
For additional information about this guideline, consult Repair Process Engineering of the Marketing
and Product Support Division at 1 (309) 675-5434.
Summary
The engine reconditioning does not necessarily result in the installation of new pistons as part of the
process of reconditioning. Pistons that meet the specifications in this guideline and other applicable
guidelines can be expected to have the same performance in the same application until the next
overhaul.
Compare the pistons from this guideline with the pistons that are removed from the engine. This
guideline gives specific types of wear. Some pistons cannot be salvaged.
Reference this guideline before reusing a piston. The pistons that are considered unacceptable in this
guideline should not be reused.
Piston failure can be due to poor engine performance. Always correct the true cause of the original
https://sis.cat.com/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/sisweb/s... 17/07/2006
failure.
Note: Salvaging pistons with extensive damage may not be practical due to labor costs.
References
Reference Refer to Reuse and Salvage Guidelines, SEBF8059-12, "Procedure and Specifications to
Clean and Measure Pistons".
Reference Refer to Reuse and Salvage Guidelines, SEBF8051-05, "Inspection and Measuring
Procedures for Piston Pins".
Reference Refer to Contamination Control Guidelines, PEBJ0002, "Caterpillar Dealer

Contamination Control Compliance Guide".
Reference Refer to Special Instructions, SEHS8696, "Piston Cleaning Procedure".
Tooling and Equipment

Table 1
Tooling and Equipment

Part Number Description
6V-7894 Microlite
6V-2196 Microscope
Refer to the latest version of the Service Manual, NENG2500, "Tools and Shop Products
Guide" for any changes.
Nomenclature
Illustration 1 g01198372
The piston is from a 3114 engine or the piston is from a 3116 engine.
(1) Crown
(2) Crater
(3) Ring Band
(4) Ring Grooves
(5) Ring Lands
(6) Skirt
(7) Pin Bore
(8) Snap Ring Groove
(9) Top Land
(10) Cooling Jet Relief
(11) Skirt Relief
The piston is from a 3114 engine or the piston is from a 3116 engine.
(1) Crown
(2) Crater
(3) Ring Band
(4) Ring Grooves
(5) Ring Lands
(6) Skirt
(7) Pin Bore
(9) Land
(10) Skirt Relief
The piston is from a 3400 series engine of the direct injection type with a double ring land.
(1) Crown
(2) Crater
(3) Ring Band
(4) Ring Grooves
(5) Ring Lands
(6) Skirt
(7) Pin Bore
(9) Top Land
(11) Skirt Relief
The piston is from a 3400 series engine of the direct injection type with a single ring land.
(1) Crown
(2) Crater
(3) Ring Band
(4) Ring Grooves
(5) Ring Lands
(6) Skirt
(7) Pin Bore
(9) Top Land
(11) Skirt Relief
The piston is from a 3500 series engine.
(1) Crown
(2) Crater
(3) Ring Band
(4) Ring Grooves
(5) Ring Lands
(6) Skirt
(7) Pin Bore
(9) Top Land
(11) Skirt Relief
The piston from a typical precombustion chamber engine
(1) Crown
(2) Valve Pocket
(3) Heat Plug
(4) Crater
(5) Ring Band
(6) Top Ring Groove
(7) Middle Ring Groove
(8) Oil Ring Groove
(9) Third Ring Land
(10) Skirt
(11) Pin Bore
(13) Top Ring Land
(14) Second Ring Land
(16) Skirt Relief
One-piece piston with a coating of graphite
Note: The piston and piston pin must be identified and marked with the cylinder number and
orientation in reference to the front of the engine.
Note: Do not mix and match pistons and piston pins from different cylinders. Ensure that the pistons
and piston pins are oriented properly to the front of the engine upon reassembly.
NOTICE
If the pistons and piston pins have been worn together, mixing the
parts can possibly lead to pin rotation issues.
Nomenclature for ring grooves
(1) Ring Band
(2) Top Ring Land
(4) "J" Groove
(5) Skirt
Nomenclature for ring grooves
(1) Third Ring Land
(2) Ring Band
(3) Top Ring Land
(5) "C" Groove
(6) Skirt
General Procedures
Follow the instructions in this guideline in order to determine if a piston is reusable.
1. Make a visual check of the overall condition of the piston.
2. Clean the piston thoroughly.
3. Reinspect the piston after cleaning for the following.
{ Cracks
{ Scuffing
{ Holes
{ Additional visible damage
4. The following areas of the piston should be inspected before reusing.
(a) Ring Band
(b) Ring Groove
(c) Ring Land
(d) Skirt
(e) Pin Bore
(f) Snap Ring Groove
5. Measure the piston according to the specifications in the Reuse and Salvage Guidelines,
SEBF8059, "Procedure and Specifications to Clean and Measure Pistons".
Initial Inspection
Make a quick visual inspection of the piston before cleaning. If no obvious faults are found, clean
the piston according to the instructions in the Reuse and Salvage Guidelines, SEBF8059,
"Procedures to Clean and Inspect Pistons".
Visual Inspections
Top of Piston
Small cracks around the heat plug are normal. To measure these cracks, use a 34 gauge wire that has
a diameter of 0.15 mm (0.006 inch) as a gauge. A 6V-2196 Microscope and 6V-7894 Microlite can
also be used.
Small cracks that are less than 0.15 mm (0.006 inch) wide around the heat plug.
Use the piston again.
The arrows show cracks that are wider than 0.15 mm (0.006 inch).
Do not use the piston again.
If necessary, use a 6V-2196 Microscope and 6V-7894 Microlite to measure the size of the cracks around the heat plug.
View the cracks through the eyepiece of the 6V-2196 Microscope . This crack is wider than 0.15 mm (0.006 inch).
Large cracks connected to each other.
Crack (A) goes into the valve pocket. Cracks (A) and (B) are wider than 0.15 mm (0.006 inch).
The crack goes across the area between the valve pockets.
Cracks in the crater that are not wider than 0.15 mm (0.006 inch)
Crack (A) goes into the valve pocket. Callout (B) shows cracks that are connected to each other. If either type of crack
is found, do not use the piston again.
Do not reuse the piston if the piston shows signs of contact with a valve or contact with valves. See
Illustrations 19, 20, 21 and 22.
The light marks are caused by contact with the valves. Find the cause of the contact with the valve and then inspect the
piston for cracks.
The light marks are caused by contact with the valves. Correct the cause of the contact.
The heavy marks are caused by contact with the valves. Correct the cause of the contact.
The light marks are caused by contact with the valves. No material has been embedded into the surface of the piston.
Check for cracks in the ring band area and measure the pin bores before reusing.
Typical example of pitting
The light pitting on the piston crown and in the area of the valve pockets is acceptable.
The latest designs of direct injection pistons have a sharp edge at the edge of the crater bowl in order
to ensure good engine performance for emissions and fuel economy. Fine cracks can begin at this
sharp edge due to thermal fatigue and mechanical fatigue. Although some fine cracking may be
normal, severe cracks can be a sign of severe engine load factor. The pistons with crater cracks that
are less than 6.00 mm (0.236 inch) long may be reused. The piston can be reused if the cracks are on
the edge of the crater rim of the piston. The cracks in the piston should not be within 30 degrees of
the centerline of the piston pin bore.
Cracks that are less than 6.00 mm (0.236 inch) long are allowed within the shaded area.
(1) The centerline of piston pin bore
(A) 30 degrees
(B) 6.00 mm (0.236 inch)
The cracks are in the crater area of a direct injection piston. Measure the length and angle of the crack in relation to the
pin bore. Use the piston again if the crack is less than 6.00 mm (0.236 inch) wide and the crack is not within 30 degrees
of the pin bore.
The crack in the piston is outside of the allowable area for cracks.
Remove burrs or raised edges with a file or a small grinder.
Use the piston again after the raised edges are removed and the piston is cleaned and completely
inspected.
Light damage to the edge of the piston crown.
Use the piston again after the raised areas have been cleaned. Use the piston after the areas have
been completely inspected.
Pistons that have cracks in the area of the valve pockets should not be reused. The material that is
below the valve pocket of the piston should not be removed. Do not remove any sharp edges or any
other material that has been embedded in the piston that can be easily removed by hand.
The damage is to the edge of the piston crown.
Use the piston again after the raised areas are removed and the area of the ring land is checked
carefully.
The damage is to the edge of the piston crown.
Use the piston again after the raised areas have been removed and the area of the ring land is
checked carefully.
Arrow (A) shows a small chip on the top of the piston. Arrow (B) shows debris on top of the piston.
Use the piston again after the raised edges or debris is removed with a file.
The small holes (A) are caused by debris. Light pitting (B) in crater.
There is light pitting in the area of the valve pocket.
Do not reuse any piston that has heavy pitting on the entire crown.
The light amount of erosion that is allowable
The piston displays the maximum amount of erosion that is allowable. Do not reuse a piston that is displaying the
severity of erosion that is more than the amount that is shown in Illustration 37.
The piston has heavy erosion on the crown. Any piston that is displaying this severity of erosion anywhere on the crown
should not be reused.
The close up photo of a piston with heavy erosion
The heat plug is loose and uneven with the surface of the crater. If the plug requires tightening, do not reuse the piston.
Pitting of the Piston Crown
The piston crown is showing light pitting.
The piston crown is showing light pitting.
The piston crown is showing numerous deep pits and distinct pits.
Fuel Erosion
The piston has erosion in the area of the crater that is caused by fuel. The erosion of the piston that is
caused by fuel is only a problem of appearance and the structural integrity of the piston is not
affected. Use the photos that follow to determine if the piston can be reused.
The crater of the piston is showing light erosion that is caused by fuel.
The crater of the piston is showing light erosion that is caused by fuel.
The crater of the piston is showing numerous areas of erosion that is caused by fuel.
Do not use pistons that have more severe erosion than the piston that is shown.
The crater of the piston shows deep erosion that is caused by fuel.
The crater of the piston is showing six points of deep erosion that is caused by fuel.
The crater of the piston is showing multiple points of deep erosion that is caused by fuel.
Top of the Ring Land
The piston shows normal carbon scratches. The scratches are common on pistons with offset pin bores.
Example of light carbon scratches on the piston
The piston is displaying heavy carbon scratches in the top ring land.
The piston has light carbon scratches in the top ring land.
Use the piston again after the raised areas are removed with a file and the piston is properly cleaned.
Refer to the Reuse and Salvage Guidelines, SEBF8059, "Procedures and Specifications to Clean and
Measure Pistons".
Deep scratches on the piston which have offset pin bores.
Measure Pistons".
Note: If an engine failure has caused a force against the piston, the piston must be visually inspected
for cracks. Refer to Illustrations 55, 63, and 77.
A crack in the top land of the piston
Minor damage to the top lands of the piston
Measure Pistons".
Minor damage to the top land of the piston
Measure Pistons".
Ring Band, Ring Grooves and Ring Land
The piston is showing separation of the ring band. Check below the ring band and above the ring band. The piston is not
reusable if there is the slightest separation in the ring band.
The piston has had pieces that are broken out of the top land and the ring band.
A chip in the oil control ring groove
Note: The piston can be reused after a burr or a raised area is made smooth with a file.
Carbon in the ring grooves of the piston
Use the piston after the carbon deposits are removed. Refer to the Reuse and Salvage Guidelines,
SEBF8059, "Procedures and Specifications to Clean and Measure Pistons".
Damage to the piston groove
The crack is in the ring land of the piston.
The damage is to the ring land of the piston.
The damage is to the ring land of the piston. The piston is not reusable as the ring lands have been compressed. Filing
the area smooth will not make this piston reusable.
Procedure to Inspect Skirt
An example of a piston with normal wear on the skirt. The area that is gray has many small scratches.
Use the piston again after the scratches are removed by cleaning with glass beads. Refer to the Reuse
and Salvage Guidelines, SEBF8059, "Procedures and Specifications to Clean and Measure Pistons".
A piston that has light scratches on the skirt
Use the piston again after the scratches are removed by cleaning with glass beads. Refer to the Reuse
and Salvage Guidelines, SEBF8059, "Procedures and Specifications to Clean and Measure Pistons".
The piston skirt is from a 3500 series engine that has been cleaned per the guideline the Reuse and Salvage Guidelines,
SEBF8059, "Procedures and Specifications to Clean and Measure Pistons". The piston skirt still has light scratches but
there is no raised material.
The piston is showing evidence of seizure. The piston has more damage that is suggested so the piston should not be
reused.
The piston shows scuffing just below the bottom ring groove.
Use the piston again after the skirt has been cleaned and inspected. Refer to the Reuse and Salvage
Guidelines, SEBF8059, "Procedures and Specifications to Clean and Measure Pistons".
The piston shows small shiny areas of particles or aluminum bearing material that have been embedded in the skirt.
Do not use the piston again unless the particles can be removed by cleaning with glass beads. Refer
to the Reuse and Salvage Guidelines, SEBF8059, "Procedures and Specifications to Clean and
Measure Pistons".
The piston shows metal particles in the skirt. The piston has dark particles that are not aluminum so the piston should
not be reused.
The piston is showing the maximum amount of damage to the skirt that is possible. A piston must have no raised
material in order to be reused.
The piston displays wear due to lack of lubrication for a short period of time.
The piston can be reused if there is no raised material or embedded material in the skirt after being
cleaned.
The piston is showing damage just below the ring groove. The piston has no cracks that are visible.
Use the piston again after the raised material is removed with a file and the piston is clean. Refer to
the Reuse and Salvage Guidelines, SEBF8059, "Procedures and Specifications to Clean and Measure
Pistons".
A piston that has light damage to the bottom of the skirt
Pistons".
The piston is showing heavy damage to the skirt. A piston with cracks in any area of the skirt make the piston unusable.
Note: Illustrations 78 and 79 are displaying a crack in the piston skirt of a C15 piston. The piston
skirt that is shown in Illustration 78 and Illustration 79 is the same piston.
The C15 piston is showing damage to the piston skirt. There is a crack near the hole for the pin.
The location of the vertical line is at the transition line of the piston skirt.
Graphite Coated Pistons

If a piston has severe scoring, material transfer, embedded material, or other obvious damage the
piston should not be used again.
If the cover plates of the cooling gallery are found in a loose condition the piston should not be used
again.
The piston has minor scratches in the graphite coating of the skirt.
The piston has minor scratches in the coating of graphite on the skirt.
The piston has loss on the coating of graphite on the skirt.
Use the piston again if the loss of coating on the skirt does not exceed half the area of the skirt. The
piston should not be reused if the wear is from hard contact.
Use the piston again if the loss of coating of graphite does not exceed half the area of the piston skirt.
The piston must also show no signs of wear from hard contact.
The loss on the coating of graphite on the piston exceeds half of the skirt. The piston is also showing
signs of wear from hard contact.
The loss on the coating of graphite on the piston exceeds half of the skirt.
The piston should not be reused because of scratches that extend into the steel skirt.
The scratches on the piston that extend into the steel skirt that can be felt should not be used again.
Procedure to Inspect Pin Bores

During the visual inspection of the piston pin bore, carefully inspect the snap ring groove of the
piston for damage or wear. Do not use the piston again if the groove is excessively worn or damaged.
The piston should be checked in the snap ring groove for undetected wear by making a comparison
between the fit of the snap ring in the old piston and fit of the snap ring in a new piston. The piston
should not be reused if the effort to turn the snap ring in the used piston is significantly less than the
new piston.
A piston with light damage to the pin bore and skirt
Pistons".
A piston with damage to the snap ring groove
The piston has internal damage to the area of the piston pin bore.
The piston has light wear on the edge of the bore, but the measurements of the bore are correct.
The piston has discoloration on the underneath side. Measure the piston pin bores in order to make sure that there is no
distortion.
The piston has a wear pattern inside the pin bore.
Do not use the piston again if the scratches can be felt with a fingernail.
The piston shows wear and scratches in the pin bore that can be felt with a fingernail.
There is a track of heavy debris on the piston. The piston pin bore can be used again because the surface of the bore is
smooth.
There is embedded debris in the surface of the piston. The piston has debris that can be felt.
The piston has visible scratches that cannot be felt. The surface of the piston is smooth.
The piston has visible scratches and a track of debris that cannot be felt. The surface of the piston is smooth.

The piston has visible scratches that can be seen but not felt. The scratches on the piston have been caused by removing
and installing the pin.

The piston bore has a maximum allowable amount of debris.

The piston has severe tracks of debris but the surface of the bore is smooth.
Piston Pin Bores

The piston has impact damage that was caused by mishandling. This type of damage to the piston will result in a crack
that will extend to the bore.

The piston shows a wear step in the snap ring groove. This type of damage is caused by a rotating snap ring.

The piston has damage that has been caused by snap ring pliers during the removal of the snap ring.
Two-Piece Pistons
Nomenclature

The schematic of a two-piece piston crown and piston skirt
(1) Crown
(2) Crater
(3) Ring Grooves
(4) Ring Lands
(5) Piston Pin Bushing
(6) Skirt
(7) Pin Bore in Skirt
(8) Top Land
(9) Piston Side Relief
Reconditioning Procedure
There are several methods for reconditioning minor damage to the piston crown and the piston skirt.
Use the method for cleaning that is least aggressive during the process for reconditioning of the
piston.
A depression results when a part is scratched, nicked, or dented. The scratch, the nick, or the dent
can also result in a area that is raised.

Carefully remove the raised metal area that is caused by nicks, dents and scratches. Illustration 107 shows examples of
the various types of damage to the piston. In order for the piston to be reused, the piston must be cleaned and the area of
metal that is raised must be removed from the surface of the piston.
(A) Scratch
(B) Raised Metal
The raised areas of the piston can be removed by several methods. The most common methods of
removing raised metal are a file, a polishing wheel, or a Scotch-Brite abrasive disc. The file is the
most aggressive method for removing raised material. The file is generally recommended for small
areas on the surface for material that has been raised more than 0.20 mm (0.008 inch). Use caution to
ensure that only the raised material is removed. Be sure that no indentations are left behind from the
reconditioning procedure.
The polishing wheel and the Scotch-Brite abrasive disc are used to remove small scratches in larger
areas. The piston skirt is made from aluminum. In order to reduce the risk of damage to the piston,
manual buffing is preferred to a polishing wheel to remove scratches and imperfections. Illustration
132 shows an example of a skirt that was buffed with a Scotch-Brite abrasive disc.
Visual Inspection
Make a basic visual inspection of the piston before cleaning. Check the piston for obvious damage.
Do not use the piston again if obvious damage is visually inspected. Clean the piston and inspect the
piston if no damage is observed.
Handling Damage and Cracking

The piston skirt has dents in the bottom.
The piston may be used again if the raised material can be removed with a file or an oilstone.

The piston has several small nicks that appear as shiny areas.
Use the piston again after removing the raised material.

The piston has several small nicks that are visible.
Use the piston again after removing the raised material.

The piston has a crack in the web area. There is also damage near the pin bore of the piston.

The piston has damage in the area of the pin bore. There is no amount of damage that is allowable in the area of the pin
bore.

The piston has a large nick on the surface of the skirt. The damage to the skirt is not repairable.

The piston has a nick that is too large to repair.

The piston has an area of damage that is too large to repair.

The piston has damage to the top surface of the skirt. The piston must not have damage in the joint between the skirt
and the crown.
Scuffing
Scuffing is not permitted on the piston skirts that are going to be reused. Scuffing is a combination of
scratching and embedded material. Do not reuse skirts that have evidence of scuffing.

The piston has a scuffed area that is small and material is also embedded in the surface.

The piston has a scuffed area that is small and material is also embedded in the surface.

A piston that has moderate scuffing

The piston has moderate scuffing.

The piston has severe scuffing.
Discoloration and Markings

The piston has a horizontal marking that is discolored. The horizontal marking does not affect the reusability of the
piston.
Use the piston again after the scratches have been polished.

The piston has discoloration due to the cleaning solution.

The piston has horizontal markings that are the result of the manufacturing process. The horizontal markings are not a
defect on the piston.

The piston is showing corrosion that is the color of rust.
Use the piston again after polishing the skirt to remove the corrosion. There must also be no
corrosion in the piston pin bore or in the groove for the piston snap ring.
Embedded Material
There must be no embedded material in the piston. Embedded material can appear as dark hard
particles in the surface of the skirt that can scratch the cylinder wall. Embedded material can also
appear as light particles on a dark piston. Do not reuse any piston skirt that has embedded material.

Even small amounts of embedded material are unacceptable.
Note: The piston skirt that is shown in Illustration 132 has scratches that can be smoothed through
buffing. The piston skirt has embedded material so the skirt cannot be reused.

The piston has a large embedded particle which makes the piston unacceptable.

The piston shows a heavy concentration of embedded particles.
Scratches

The piston has scratches that are not deep and no embedded material is visible.
The piston can be used again after the piston is smooth from buffing.

The piston has scratches that are not deep and no embedded material is visible.
Use the piston again after the piston is smooth from buffing.

The piston skirt is showing scratches that cover a wide area but the scratches are not deep.
Use the piston again after the piston is smooth from buffing.

The piston has a skirt that is smooth from buffing with a Scotch-Brite abrasive disc.
Use the piston again if all the raised material is removed by buffing.

The piston may have scratches that are too deep to salvage. The piston needs to be buffed and the piston needs to be
inspected before the piston can be reused.
Use the piston again if there is no visible raised material or embedded material.

The piston may have scratches that are too deep to salvage. The piston needs to be buffed and the piston needs to be
inspected before the piston can be reused.
Use the piston again if there is no visible raised material or embedded material.

The piston may have small scratches but embedded material is visible.
Crowns
The recommendations in this section are based on two-piece piston crowns. To illustrate damage to
pistons, some of the photographs in this section are of one-piece pistons.

The piston has damage in the areas between the lands. The piston can be reused because the damage does not extend
into the ring groove.
The piston can be used again if the raised material can be removed with a file or oilstone.

The damage to the piston extends into the area of the ring groove which cannot be corrected.

The damage to the piston is in the area of the ring groove which cannot be corrected.

The damage to the piston is on the bottom of the crown which cannot be repaired.

The piston has porosity in the bottom of the ring land that does not affect the sealing ability of the ring. Notice the dent
at the top of the piston crown. The piston can be reused after the raised material is removed.
Do not use the piston again if the damage to the ring land is by the piston ring that will affect the
shape of the groove.

The piston has a dent between the ring grooves that can cause the groove to change in shape.

The piston has a dent between the ring grooves that can cause the groove to change in shape.

The piston has damage inside the ring groove.
Copyright 1993 - 2006 Caterpillar Inc. Mon Jul 17 15:38:02 CDT 2006
Todos los derechos reservados.
Red privada para licenciados del SIS.

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C-12 Truck Engine 1YN00001-UP(SEBP2692 - 16) - Estructura del documento Página 1 de 80

Producto: TRUCK ENGINE

Pautas de reutilización y recuperación

Visual Inspection of the Piston{1214}

Reference Refer to Contamination Control Guidelines, PEBJ0002, "Caterpillar Dealer

Reference Refer to Special Instructions, SEHS8696, "Piston Cleaning Procedure".

Tooling and Equipment

Tooling and Equipment

(3) Ring Band

(4) Ring Grooves

(5) Ring Lands

(7) Pin Bore

(8) Snap Ring Groove

(9) Top Land

(10) Cooling Jet Relief

(11) Skirt Relief

(3) Ring Band

(4) Ring Grooves

(5) Ring Lands

(7) Pin Bore

(8) Snap Ring Groove

(10) Skirt Relief

(3) Ring Band

(4) Ring Grooves

(5) Ring Lands

(7) Pin Bore

(8) Snap Ring Groove

(9) Top Land

(10) Cooling Jet Relief

(11) Skirt Relief

(3) Ring Band

(4) Ring Grooves

(5) Ring Lands

(7) Pin Bore

(8) Snap Ring Groove

(9) Top Land

(10) Cooling Jet Relief

(11) Skirt Relief

(3) Ring Band

(4) Ring Grooves

(5) Ring Lands

(7) Pin Bore

(8) Snap Ring Groove

(9) Top Land

(10) Cooling Jet Relief

(11) Skirt Relief

(2) Valve Pocket

(3) Heat Plug

(5) Ring Band

(6) Top Ring Groove

(7) Middle Ring Groove

(8) Oil Ring Groove

(9) Third Ring Land

(11) Pin Bore

(12) Snap Ring Groove

(13) Top Ring Land

(14) Second Ring Land

(15) Cooling Jet Relief

(16) Skirt Relief

(1) Ring Band

(2) Top Ring Land

(3) Second Ring Land

(4) "J" Groove

(1) Third Ring Land