Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B

AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL LOAD MONITORING BY NOVEL INVERTER

--Manuscript Draft--

Manuscript Number:

Full Title: AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL LOAD MONITORING BY NOVEL INVERTER

Article Type: Original Contribution

Section/Category: Electrical Engineering

Keywords: Novel Inverter; ArduinoATmega2560; current sensor; Relay; Proteus

Corresponding Author: SURYA PALANICHAMY RAVI, M.E

SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology
DINDIGUL, TAMILNADU INDIA

Corresponding Author Secondary

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Corresponding Author's Institution: SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology

Corresponding Author's Secondary

Institution:

First Author: SURYA P R, M.E

First Author Secondary Information:

Order of Authors: SURYA P R, M.E

MARISEKAR B, M.E

Order of Authors Secondary Information:

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Abstract: As we all are aware of the fact that the demand of electricity is increasing every day,
for that Uninterrupted Power Supply we use inverters to supply ac power when main
power is not available.Instead of connecting the inverter to the individual load via
separate wires, it is directly connected to the existing supply mains for automatic
control of electrical loads according to the battery level. At the same time based on our
priority, loads can be connected and disconnected from the inverter during power cut.
The commands are given through the arduino based on the input from the current
sensor. As per the inputs, the loads will be turned on/off based on the initial current
consumption as well as the scheduling mechanism. Mainly it reduces the requirements
of wiring by using this technology. Automations in industrial, commercial or residential
sectors have more advantages over manual system which has effective controlling and
monitoring.

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Title Page

AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL LOAD MONITORING BY NOVEL

INVERTER
P.R.Surya1, B.Marisekar2 , P.Siva subramanian3, D.Manoj4
1,2,3,4
Assistant Professors
SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul.
Manuscript (excluding authors' names and affiliations)

Abstract— As we all are aware of the fact that the is to sense whether the main supply is available or not. If the
demand of electricity is increasing every day, for that main supply is not available, relay senses it and switches the
Uninterrupted Power Supply we use inverters to entire load to the inverter circuit. This is the basic part of the
supply ac power when main power is not available. block diagram. The secondary part of the block diagram
Instead of connecting the inverter to the individual describes about how the load is controlled by using arduino,
load via separate wires, it is directly connected to the current sensors. The buzzer and LED are used to indicate the
existing supply mains for automatic control of overload and battery drain condition.
electrical loads according to the battery level. At the
same time based on our priority, loads can be
connected and disconnected from the inverter during
power cut. The commands are given through the
arduino based on the input from the current sensor. As
per the inputs, the loads will be turned on/off based
on the initial current consumption as well as the
scheduling mechanism. Mainly it reduces the
requirements of wiring by using this technology.
Automations in industrial, commercial or residential
sectors have more advantages over manual system
which has effective controlling and monitoring.

Keywords— Arduino UNO; current sensor.

I.INTRODUCTION
The level of demand for electricity is very high as it is Human
necessities of life during day time or night. There are several
unexpected causes of power failure such as natural causes like
weather, Short circuit, Components failure and other
unexpected events. The failure of power system will affect the
daily routines. The methods to overcome power outages are Fig. 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
developed and delivered worldwide such as the usage of Solar
energy, Wind energy and Biofuels energy as a back-up
systems. However another issue has come out, there is a rising III ARDUINO BOARD
interest on their impacts on power system operation and
control as they have low reliability and flexibility. Therefore, In our project we have used Arduino ATmega2560, which
the load –shedding strategy is applied to the system to give the functions on an operating voltage of 5V. We have chosen this
power to the priority loads.The load shedding will be carried because of its excessive pins out of which 14 pins provide
out based on the load demand. The project is designed to PWM output. It also provides support for analog pins
operate an electric load control automatically through an moreover it is supported with more memory space when
inverter, which is connected with mains. In existing system, compared with UNO boards. So that more coding
the individual/separate connection to loads is required and the functionalities can be included.
entire system gets shutdown suddenly when the battery is
drained or we have to turn off the heavy loads when the battery
backup is critical. In our project, automatic load adjustment is
possible, leads to sophistication of user and it increases the
backup time.

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM

The supply is fed to the rectifier which converts AC to DC.
The dc supply will be used for charging the battery by means
of a charging circuit. The output obtained from the 12V battery
is fed to the input of the inverter which converts DC to AC.
The supply will be given to the relay. The function of the relay Fig.2 Arduino Board
 V. PROGRAM

IV. INVERTER

This is our inverter model. Proteus software has been

utilized to simulate the inverter module. This inverter circuit is
designed using low power CMOS astable multivibrator
ICCD4047. The gate terminal of MOSFET Q1 is connected to
pin 10 such that when the pin 10 is high MOSFET Q1
conducts and current flows through the upper half of the
transformer primary which produce positive half of the
output AC voltage where as the gate of MOSFET Q2 is
connected to pin 11. When pin 11 is high Q2 conducts and
current flows through the lower half of the transformer and
it produces the desired waveform

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Fig.3 Inverter Simulation Module (Proteus)

In the event of the main supply failure all the loads in the
systems are directly connected to the inverter. We have
considered 3 lamp (LED) load and one critical lamp (LED)
load for our testing. This has been represented in our coding as
relay 1 HIGH, relay 2 HIGH, relay 3 HIGH.

Fig. 4 Inverter output voltage

Using the capacitors we are reducing spikes and noises in VI. WORKING
the output. Because of using this astable multi vibrator we can MODES OF OPERATION
adjust pulses in the output.
There are two modes of operations. They are
• Battery operated mode
• Priority mode
In battery operated mode, based on the battery backup level the
heavy loads will automatically shut down (as time pass on and
based on the reduction in the output of battery volt). For
example consider L1, L2, L3 loads as 13W, 11W, 9W. If the
battery level is full then all the electrical loads will work (refer
fig.5). If the level of the battery is decreased means heavy
loads will automatically turn off one by one at the same time
all other electrical loads will work (refer fig.6). Similarly when
the battery is critically low it will make the critical lamp to turn
on to indicate that the battery backup time is going to elapse
the buzzer will produce sound indicating it. (fig.7).
Fig.5: All loads are connected to the mains
Fig.6: Heavy Loads are disconnected due to drop in battery
voltage
Fig.6: Battery is critically low- critical lamp (Turn ON)/Buzzer
sounds
• Priority mode
Current flowing through a particular electrical point/ socket in
a house/industry is constrained to particular limit (prioritizing),
if suppose a user connects a load which consumes more than
the restricted current/watt in that socket, then that particular
load will be automatically disconnected during supply main
failure and if the connected load is within the limits of the
rated current/ watt it will be connected and fed by the inverter
supply. Thus in our case if we are fixing the maximum wattage
for L1, L2, L3 lamp sockets as 13W, 11W, 9W.
Suppose if we connect a lamp load of 15W in the lamp socket
L1, then that particular load will automatically be disconnected
from the inverter supply during main failure. As it exceed the
limits of the socket wattage. At the same time if we connect
5W to the same socket inverter will feed the load during main
failure. As it is lower than the fixed wattage, we can change
the wattage of a particular socket based on our needs by using
selector switches in our circuit.
In this way instead of selecting a particular/specific loads to be
connected to the inverter, we can connect the entire load via
mains to the inverter. Such that the overall cost of wiring can
be reduced and the problem of overloading can be minimized.
VII. CONCLUSION
This paper presents an overview of controlling the electrical
loads in an inverter. This paper has discussed the automatic
electrical load monitoring and also controlling the loads. The
main objective of this model is to control the electrical loads
which are all connected to the inverter by disconnecting the
heavy loads based on the level of battery as well as on our
priority. This will increases the battery backup level and also
reduces the requirement of wiring. Thus the problem of arising
the sudden shut down of the system is minimised. This
proposed idea can be implement in industrial, commercial or
residential sectors. In future we are planning to implement our
model by using microcontroller. Thus the microcontroller has
promoted by its speed. Still the project can be improvised by
using IOT, but the issues arising out while implementing it are
slow internet connectivity in remote areas and slow response.
At the same time this inverter can be incorporated in homes as
well as industry the users may be of old age and they may not
be accustomed to it.
VIII. REFERENCES
1. “Automatic load shedding using GSM” - Nkechi Joy – IEEE
embedded system research.
2. Delta power solutions India private limited -
www.deltaelectronicsindia.com
3. Su-Kam power systems limited - www.su-kam.com
4. Microtek international private limited - www.microtekdirect.com
5. Hitachi Hi-Rel power electronics private limited –
www.hitachi.com
6. “Intelligent load shedding need for a fast and optimal solution”-
Shervin Shokooh,Snuj khandeuae, Dr. JJ. Dai - IEEE - PCIC
Europe ,2015
7. PC based electrical load control - Thoral ganesh shankar,Dr.
danlatrao aher - IEEE ,2016
8. Uniline energy systems private limited – www.unilineindia.com
9. Consul consolidated private limited – www.consulindia.com
10. True power international limited – www.truepower .com
11. V-Guard industries limited - www.vguard.com
12. Harry Kybett and Earl Boysen, (2008) “All New Electronics Self-
Teaching Guide”, Wiley Publishing, Inc.
13. Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, (2015) “The Art of Electronics”,
Cambridge University Press.
14. John P. Uyemura, (2001) “Cmos Logic Circuit Design”, Kluwer
Academic Publishers. Bo Zhang and Dongyuan Qiu, (2015) “Sneak
Circuits of Power Electronic Converters”, John Wiley & Sons
Singapore Pte. Ltd. Tharaja, B.L. (2007) “Electrical Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering”, S. Chand: New Delhi, India.
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