6th century was the age of remarkable progress in different spheres of human life

the emergence of urban centers in India was one of these developments for the 2nd
time a no. of urban centers in India (1st was Harappan civilization). in thisperiod
we sawa large scale of urabaniszation

The process of agriculture growth i.e started around 1000 BCE had reached state of
agricultural surplus by 6th century BCE. By this time the peasent started using
animal power in agricultural expansion produced huge amount of surplus which
prepared a solid material base for emergence of urban centers modern iron made
tools were used revolutionary methods were used

By the 6th centuary BCE use of iron in art and craft had increased further as
result of which no. of new craft emerged.craft based on leather working, cotton and
wolllen textile pottery gold smithing copper smithing and carpentary etc had
progressed immensely.The availibility of agriculture needs increased the demand of
the arts and crafts this process resulted in the emergence of craft centers such as
mathura and urabanisation befinto be witnessed in north india

trade witnessed most remarkable progress during 6th centuary the availablity of the
agricultural surplus and new craft products gave boast to Trade such as
monetisation of economy emergence of guilds, knowledge of scripts and political
unification was witnessed in north india for the fierst time in indian history
coins were used in 6th BCE these coins known as punched marked coin these were
small pieces of copper and silver having various symbol punched on them
monitization gave economy a boast and helped in growth markets and trading centers.

the vedic aryans became aware of scripts in 6th bce the knowledge of tscript
facilated the growth of trade because of the transaction could be maintned >guilds
also emerged for the 1st time in india these were organization of groups involved
in diffrent economic activities such as arts and craft guilds managed markets they
check quality of the manufactured goods fixed prices of the goods looked after
welfare of its members and facilated transfer of vocational knowlede from genration
to genration. Guild also maintened troops to provide saftey to its members. Guilds
also enjoyed judicial power In reality guild was state within state their positive
role helped in all round progress of the economy.

Thesse unification of kindoms gave rise to mahajanpadas which later paved the way
for emergence of magadha empire