 The temporal fossa, in which the temporal muscle (L.

temporalis)
is located.

Boundaries:
 Anteriorly by the frontal and zygomatic bones.
 Laterally by the zygomatic arch.
 Inferiorly by the infratemporal crest.

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 Origin : Floor of temporal fossa.
 Insertion : Coronoid procces of mandible.
 Innervation : Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.
 Actions : Elevation and retraction of the mandible.

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 The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped space deep and
inferior to the zygomatic arch, deep to the ramus of the mandible
and posterior to the maxilla.
 It communicates with the temporal fossa through the interval
between (deep to) the zygomatic arch and (superficial to) the
cranial bones.

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 Laterally: the ramus of the mandible.
 Medially: the lateral pterygoid plate.
 Anteriorly: the posterior aspect of the maxilla.
 Posteriorly: the tympanic plate and the mastoid and styloid
processes of the temporal bone.
 Superiorly: the inferior (infratemporal) surface of the greater
wing of the sphenoid.
 Inferiorly: where the medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the
mandible near its angle.

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1. Inferior part of the temporal muscle.
2. Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles.
3. Maxillary artery.
4. Pterygoid venous plexus.
5. Mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, and chorda
tympani nerves .

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 Largest salivary gland
 Lies below external auditory meatus wedged between ramus of
mandible and SCM
 Enclosed within parotid fascia
 Portion of parotid fascia forms the stylomandibular ligament which
separates the parotid and submandibular glands; preventing pus
from being readily spread between the two
 Consists of superficial and deep parts with facial nerve lying
between

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1) Facial nerve
2) Retromandibular vein
3) Auriculotemporal nerve
4) Lymph nodes
5) External carotid artery which divides within parotid gland into its
terminal branches:
a. Superficial temporal .
b. Maxillary.

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 Parotid duct (Stenson’s duct) crosses masseter below the
zygomatic arch and pierces buccinator.
 Length : 5 cm long
 Beginning : at the ant. Border of the gland
 End: by opening into the oral cavity opposite the upper 2nd
molar tooth.

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 The submandibular glands are bilateral salivary glands located in
the face.
 Their mixed serous and mucous secretions are important for the
lubrication of food during mastication to enable effective
swallowing and aid digestion.

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Anatomical Position:

 The submandibular gland is located within the anterior part of

the submandibular triangle. The boundaries of this triangle are:
• Superiorly: Inferior body of the mandible.
• Anteriorly: Anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
• Posteriorly: Posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

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 Structurally, the submandibular glands are a pair of elongate,
flattened hooks which have two sets of arms; superficial and
deep. The positioning of these arms is in relation to
the mylohyoid muscle, which the gland hooks around.
 Superficial arm – comprises the greater portion of the gland and
lies partially inferior to the posterior half of the mandible.
 Deep arm – hooks around the posterior margin of mylohyoid
through a triangular aperture to enter the oral cavity proper.

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 Secretions from the submandibular glands travel into the oral cavity
via the submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct).
 This is approximately 5cm in length and emerges anteromedially
from the deep arm of the gland between the mylohyoid,
hypoglossus and genioglossus muscles.
 The duct ascends on its course to open as 1-3 orifices on a
small sublingual papilla (caruncle) at the base of the lingual
frenulum bilaterally.

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 The sublingual glands are the smallest of the three paired salivary
glands and the most deeply situated.
 The sublingual glands are almond-shaped (ovoid) and lie on the
floor of the oral cavity proper.
 They are situated under the tongue, bordered laterally by the
mandible and medially by genioglossus muscle.
 The glands form a shallow groove on the medial surface of the
mandible known as the sublingual fossa.

Dr.Rafid AL-Temimi,Radiology 15
 Secretions drain into the oral cavity by minor sublingual ducts
(of Rivinus), of which there are 8-20 excretory ducts per
gland, each opening out onto the sublingual folds.
 Through anatomical variance, a major sublingual duct (of
Bartholin) can be present in some people.

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