CONFIDENTIAL

FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER I

SESSION 2009/2010

SUBJECT CODE : SEL 4223

SUBJECT NAME : DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

LECTURERS : DATUK PROF. ISHAK ISMAIL

P.M. DR. SYED ABD RAHMAN BIN
SYED ABU BAKAR
DR. MUSA MOHD MOKJI
DR. USMAN ULLAH SHEIKH

COURSE : SET,SEL,SEP,SEC,SEW

SECTION : 01,02,03,04

DURATION : 2.5 HOURS

DATE :
__________________________________________________________________

(SOLUTION)

__________________________________________________________________

THIS SOLUTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 11 PAGES INCLUDING THE FRONT COVER

 -2-
SEL4223

QUESTION 1

a) A system is described by a difference equation as shown below. Is the system causal?

y[n] - 2y[n-1] = x[n] + 0.5 x[n-1].
(5 marks)

Yes, as there are no future input and output sequence

b) A signal which can be expressed as a sequence is the input to a digital

circuit whose digital impulse response can be expressed as a sequence of numbers
[ . What is the output to this circuit?
(10 marks)

Let , and as the output of the system.

The only nonzero values of are at . Thus,

c) A system used in a communication application can be expressed as a difference

equation below. What is the value of k needed for the system to be stable?

(5 marks)

For stability, both input and output signal must be bounded. Thus, when the input is
bounded, to have a bounded output

d) A system is describe as where is a signal describe as .

Can be described as the impulse response of the system? Justify your answer.
(5 marks)

No. If is the impulse response to the system, the operation should be convolution
and not multiplication as in the question
 -3-
SEL4223

QUESTION 2

An LTI system is given by the following system function H(z).

( )( )
( )
( )( )

(a) What is the length of the system impulse response? (3 Marks)

Since, there is at least one non-zero pole, then the system must be of infinite length.

(b) Can this system be both causal and stable? Justify your answer. (4 Marks)

Causal and stable require that all poles must be inside the unit circle. In the above
system all the poles are indeed inside the unit circle as given by the following
equation.

( )( )
( )
( )( )( )

(c) Find the impulse response, h[n], of this system. (8 Marks)

Using the partial fraction technique, we get the following

( )( )
( )
( )( )( )

| |

(outermost pole)
( ) ( )

Taking the inverse z-transform of the above will give us

( ) ( ) ( )
 -4-
SEL4223

(d) Compute the output y[n], if the input to this system is given by

(10 Marks)

Using the property that convolution in time-domain maps to multiplication in the z-

domain, we get the following expression (after z-transform x[n])

( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( *
( )( )

( )( )

There are 2 ways on solving the above: the long division way (easily prone to error)
or the delay property way (simpler and quicker). Hence, we take the latter approach.

Applying the ROC that |z| > ½ (same as before – stability and causality), and taking
the inverse z-transform will yield

( ) ( ) ( )

Long division:
 -5-
SEL4223

QUESTION 3

Discrete system in Figure 6.1 comes with two lowpass filter with cutoff frequency of is
at and cutoff frequency of is at . Given the input signal of the
system is ( ) ( ) where there are two frequencies in the
input signal.

a) If and are both ideal filter, find | ( )|

(6 marks)

( ).
The two lowpass filter will act as a bandpass filter as a whole. As the cutoff frequency for
and are and respectively, the bandpass filter will
remove all frequencies outside the two cutoff frequencies.
Given the input signal as ( ) ( ) where it contains
two frequency components at and .
Thus, the magnitude frequency response of the output is | ( )| as both frequencies
of the input signal are outside the bandpass filter range.

b) Compute order of the filter if its stopband edge frequency is , its

passband edge frequency, and its stopband ripple and passband ripple is
. Do the computation using bilinear transformation method referring to the
analog IIR Butterworth filter.
(10 marks)
In general, the magnitude squared spectrum of Butterworth filter with is

| ( )|

In order to compute , evaluate the magnitude squared spectrum at and .

Base on bilinear transformation, ( ). Thus,
 -6-
SEL4223

( ) ( *

( ) ( *

Evaluating magnitude squared spectrum at and gets to

( )
( )

( )
( )

By manipulating and rearranging the two equations, it can be shown that

| ( )| ( | ( )| ) ( )
( ) ( *
| ( )| ( | ( )| ) (
( )
( * ( )
( )

c) Based on filter specification given in b) and assuming that is an ideal filter, is it

possible to remove the higher frequency in the input signal entirely? Explain your
answer.
(5 marks)

The higher frequency of the input signal is . At the stopband frequency of the
filter, which is , the ripple is . This shows that the magnitude of the filter is
not zero at .
Thus, it is not possible for the filter to remove the higher frequency of the input signal
entirely.

d) If and are both designed based on bilinear transformation method of the IIR
Butterworth filter, will the system becomes a zero phase system? Explain your answer.
(4 marks)

No because zero phase system is not causal while filter design based on IIR Butterworth
filter is causal
 -7-
SEL4223

QUESTION 4

h2[n]

x[n] h1[n] y[n]

h3[n] h4[n]
Figure Q4.1

Figure Q4.1 above shows a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system.

a) Based on the figure above, find in terms of .
(4 marks)

( )

b) Obtain the expression for the overall system frequency response, ( ).

(5 marks)
( ) is in cascade with ( ), so
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) is in parallel with ( ), thus
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) is in cascade with ( ), thus
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

c) Given that;

Find the overall frequency response, ( ).

(7 marks)

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )[ ( ) ( ) ( )]
( ) ( )
 -8-
SEL4223

( )

d) Assume that the relationship of the input and output for another system is given as
, where by and . Find the
magnitude in db | ( )| , phase ( ) and from there on find .
(9 marks)

( )
( )

( ) ( ) ( )
| ( )| (| ( )| ) ( ( ) ( ))

| ( )| ( ) ( )

| ( )| ( *

( )
( )
( )

( )

Thus,
( )
( ) ( *
( )

From the table, ( ) .

 -9-
SEL4223

QUESTION 5

An LTI system has the following pole-zero plot shown in Figure Q5.1.

p1= 0.7 + 0.5ippppp

z3= -1.4 + 0.2izzzzz x
o x
o x
z4= -1.4 - 0.2i oo
po xx
xo
po p2= 0.7 - 0.5izzzzz
xo
op ox
op xo
op ox
op
Figure Q5.1 xo
op xo
op o
a) Can this system be causal and
p stable? Justify your o answer. (3 marks)
p o
Sure, since all the poles are inside the unit circle

b) Based on your answer in part (a), provide the region of convergence (ROC) for which
the system function exists. (3 marks)

The ROC must extend outward from the outermost pole i.e |z| > 0.86

c) Give the difference equation for the system shown in Figure Q5.1. (10 marks)

Simply multiply out the zeros and the poles i.e.

(1  (1.4  0.2i ) z 1 )(1  (1.4  0.2i ) z 1 ) 1  2.8 z 1  2 z 2

H ( z)  
(1  (0.7  0.5i ) z 1 )(1  (0.7  0.5i ) z 1 ) 1  1.4 z 1  0.74 z  2

Thus, the difference equation can be obtained directly

y[n]  1.4 y[n  1]  0.54 y[n  2]  x[n]  2.8 x[n  2]  2 x[n  2]

d) Properly sketch and label the magnitude spectrum for the above system. (9 marks)

Note: poles cause valley while zeros cause peak. As we traverse counter clock wise
direction from w=0 to w=, we hit a pole first at the 1st quadrant, thus we have a
valley. As we move further, the effect of the valley subside until we reach a zero at the
2nd quadrant, thus producing a peak. The plot from w= to w=2 will be a mirror
 - 10 -
SEL4223

image of that from w=0 to w= due to symmetricity. Hence, the plot should look
closer as below.

4.5

3.5
Amplitude

2.5

1.5

0.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2


QUESTION 6

A signal with frequency range less than is corrupted by noise at frequency

(use frequency sampling, ). An FIR filter has been designed to eliminate the
noise where its impulse response is

[ ]

a) Compute the highest frequency in Hz that can be preserved after the time domain
sampling process
 - 11 -
SEL4223

(3 marks)
Highest frequency is half of the frequency sampling which is equals to 50 kHz

b) Plot the pole-zero plot of the filter

(6 marks)

( )

( ) ( )

( )( )

Zeros: and
Poles: and

0.5
Imaginary Part

2
0

-0.5

-1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part

c) State whether the above filter can remove the noise entirely. Explain your answer
(8 marks)
The noise is at frequency 50kHz. Thus, need to evaluate output at 50kHz. If the output is
, thus:

( ) ( ) ( )
 - 12 -
SEL4223

Because , then frequency of is mapped at

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

Thus,

( ) ( )

This means that the noise is not removed entirely but it is only attenuated to one third of
its original value.

d) Using windowing technique, design another FIR filter with length of 3 samples in order
to remove the noise. Use rectangular window for the design.
(8 marks)
From the question, frequency of the input signal is less than . Thus it is mapped at
and the noise at frequency is mapped at .

( )
From there, the cutoff frequency of the filter can be chosen as

To obtain the FIR filter, an ideal filter at cutoff frequency is multiplied with the
rectangular window with size of 3 samples as below

( *

Where

Finally, to get a causal FIR filter, is delay by one sample as follow

( ( )*