Seismic Analysis of Industrial Building with Moving Crane Loads

Seismic Analysis Of Industrial Building With Moving Crane Loads Using STAAD Pro.
LISTS OF NOTATIONS
A - Total area of section
Ast- Area of tensile steel
b - Width
D - Total Depth
d - Effective depth
DL - Dead load
fck - Characteristic compressive strength of concrete
fy - Characteristic tensile strength of steel
k1- Probability factor (risk coefficient)
k2 - Terrain, height and structure size factor
k3 - Topography factor
k4 - Importance factor
Ld - Development Length
LL - Live load
M - Bending moment
Mu - Ultimate bending moment
Pz- Design wind pressure in N/m2
S - Spacing of bars
T - Tensile force
Vu - Ultimate shear force
Vz - Design wind velocity in m/s at height z
WL- Wind load
µ - Coefficient of friction
Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 1

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Industrial building
A building designed to house industrial operations and provides the necessary

conditions for workers and the operation of industrial equipment. The building is used to
store raw materials, manufacturing, products, assembling, storing of industrial. Industrial
buildings may be categorized as “Normal type industrial buildings” and “Special type
industrial buildings”. Normal types of industrial building are shed type buildings with simple
roof structures on open frames. These buildings are used for workshop, warehouses etc.
These building require large and clear areas unobstructed by the columns. The large floor
area provides sufficient flexibility and facility for later change in the production layout
without major building alterations. The industrial buildings are constructed with adequate
headroom for the use of an overhead travelling crane. Special types of industrial buildings are
steel mill buildings used for manufacture of heavy machines, production of power etc. The
function of the industrial building dictates the degree of sophistication.
1.2 About the Project: “INDUSTRIAL BUILDING” –PROPOSED AT BANGALORE

 Type of structure : RCC framed Structure
 Configuration : Bay framed structure
 Nature of building : Industrial Building
The proposed industrial building has an overall dimension of 15 X 25M with a total height of
16M from FFL. The columns are spaced every 5M centre to centre. An EOT crane of 5T
capacity is proposed at a height of 12M from FFL. The crane is supported over the gantry
girder which is fixed over the RCC brackets. The building is having a RCC that flat roof with
mild slope on top. Architectural drawings showing plan and sectional detail of the facility is
attached as Appendix-.
1.3 Design Philosophy
Limit state method of design is adopted. The aim of this approach is to ensure that all the
structure and their components are designed to resist with safety at worst loads and

deformations that are liable to occur during construction and service and to have adequate
durability during their life time.
The entire structure is said to have failed when it reaches any one of the two fundamental
types of limit states (that is limit sate of collapse and limit state of serviceability).
 Limit state of collapse: This Limit states refers to the strength of the structure. A
structure or its part should be strong enough to resist the applied design loads. This is
called limit state of collapse. This includes the design for axial forces, flexure, shear,
torsion, buckling, etc. The strength of each section must be more than the applied
stresses on that section due to all expected combination of loads.
 Limit state of serviceability: The structure or its part thereof shall be serviceable
during its expected life span. The serviceability corresponds to the deflection and
cracking of the structure.
1.4 Structural Modelling
The structure is modelled using software “STAAD Pro” as a space frame with a grid of
columns in vertical direction and interconnected with beam members in the orthogonal
directions. The nodes (the meeting points of beams with beams and beams with columns) will
be treated as rigid joints due to monolithic construction. The end nodes at the bottom of the
column members in the model considered as pinned supports.
1.5 Structural Analysis and Design
3D space frame analysis using STAAD Pro which utilizes finite element technique to carry
out to analysis, the advanced solver process the member and element based on load
combinations and support condition to survive at the stiffness and load matrices. The solver
further uses matrix method to determine the nodal displacement member forces / stress,
element forces / stresses and support reactions, which will be further utilized in the design of
structural members.
1.6 Detailing and Drawing
“AutoCAD” software has been employed in the preparation of the structural drawings for
footing, columns, beams, slab, brackets and gantry girder. The drawings are prepared in

accordance with SP 34 (handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing) to the scale and
standard sizes.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Daniel Vaida, Dorin Lelea
In this paper they focused on various types of industrial building. From the design it is clear
that using angle section for Truss and channel section for purlins, Steel Truss Building using
pipe section and PEB( Pre Engineered Building) is found to be economical compared to Steel
Truss Building using angle section. By using proper selection of material the Industrial
Steel truss Building is economical compared to PEB. In the future, Design of Industrial
Building and PEB for multi-storeyed can be studied. Design of Industrial Building and PEB
considering crane load can be studied.
2.2 Venkatesh, A., Vignesh, S., Iyappan, S., Vignesh Kumar, P., Tamilvanan, G. and
Vijaya Sarathy, R.
This project deals with the planning, designing, and estimation of the industrial PLATE
GANTRY GIRDER, located near Thuvakkudi, Trichy district. Overhead plate girder is
subjected to various types of load. Girder is the critical assembly component of overhead
crane. The girder is supported on a suitably formed seat and it is also connected to the column
near the top flange in each case in order to restrain it from lateral bending and twisting at the
support point. The structure is designed as per Indian standard codes and necessary drawings
added in this project. The 400kN capacity of gantry girder is designed, the three cranes were
used in the working site. Three cranes are used to lifting the heavy steel jobs. when the three
cranes are moving at the same time and same direction. In this project work an over head
plate gantry girder has been planned and designed.

CHAPTER 3
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
3.1 AIM
Planning, Analyzing (using STAAD.Pro), Designing and Detailing of Industrial

Building located at Bangalore subjected to gravity load, lateral wind load, Seismic load
and Crane load.
3.3 OBJECTIVE:
1. Preparation of architectural drawing for Industrial building using AutoCAD.
2. Preliminary assessment of member sizes based on thumb rules, formulas and basic
calculations.
3. Modelling the building as 3D space frame using STAAD.Pro.
4. Subjecting the structure to dead loads, live loads, wind load, Seismic load Crane load
and analyzing the behaviour of the structure.
5. Preparation of the detailed structural drawing for footings column, beam, slab,
brackets and gantry girder based on the STAAD output results and manual
calculations.
6. Getting familiarized with codes IS 456-2000, IS 875 – 2015 Part (I, II & III)
IS 800-2007, IS 1893-2016 etc. and software’s such as STAAD.Pro and AutoCAD.

CHAPTER 4
LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS
4.1 DESIGN LOADS
The various loads for which the industrial building are analysed and designed are as below:
 Dead Load
 Live Load
 Wind Load
 Seismic Load
 Crane Load
4.1.1 DEAD LOAD
Dead loads are static loads that are attached to the structure walls, gantry girder etc
permanently without change in magnitude or position. The magnitude dead loads can be
calculated if the unit weights of materials are known. The dead loads are determined in
accordance with IS: 875-2015 part 1 (Code of practice for design loads for building and
structures part 1: Dead loads).
Unit Weight of various materials considered in this work are as follows:
Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3

Burnt brick masonry 20 KN/m3
Steel 78.5 KN/m3
W P C for roof 3 KN/m2
Dead Load for 120 mm thick slab= (0.120X25) +3 = 6 KN/m2
4.1.2 LIVE LOAD

Live loads are those loads whose position or magnitude or both may change. These
include moving loads like people, vehicles etc and Live loads are determined in accordance
with IS:875-2015(part II). Following Live loads is considered for this project and applied to
roof slab: Terrace floor without access 0.75 KN/m2
4.1.3 WIND LOAD
Wind loads are lateral loads and depend on the velocity of the wind. It plays an
important role in design of tall structure because it exerts loads on building. Wind means
motion of air in the atmosphere. Wind loads are derived as per codal provisions in IS: 875
(Part-III).
The proposed project is located at Bangalore and the basic wind speed as per code is
33 m/s. The wind pressure based on the geographical and structural parameters is calculated
as follows:
Probability factor: k1 (Cl 5.3.1)

Terrain factor: k2 (Cl 5.3.2)
Topography factor: k3 (Cl 5.3.3.1)
Important factor in cyclonic region: k4
Design wind speed (Vz): Vb X k1 X k2 X k3 X k4 (Cl 5.3)
Design wind pressure: 0.6 X Vz2 (Cl 5.4)
In this project, following parameters are considered,
Category 1 - Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions and in which the average
height of any object surrounding the structure is less than 1.5 m.
Class A - Structures and/or their components such as cladding, glazing, roofing, etc., having
maximum dimension’ (greatest horizontal or vertical dimension) less than 20m
Table 4.3
Risk coefficient factor (Cl 5.3.1)

K1= 1.00 (Refer Table-1)
(All general buildings and structures)
Terrain, height, and structure size factor (for terrain (Refer table-2)
Category 1 & for building of Class A)(Cl 5.3.2) K2=1.05
Topography factor (Cl 5.3.3.1) K3=1

Importance factor K4=1.15
Vz= Vb.K1.K2.K3.K4
Design wind speed (Cl 5.3)
=39.84 m/s
Pz= 0.6 Vz2
Design wind pressure (Cl 5.4)
= 0.952 kN/m2
4.1.4 SEISMIC LOAD
These are also horizontal loads caused by earthquake. The country is divided into four zones
namely zone II, zone III, zone IV and zone V according to the probable intensity of the
earthquake. The earthquake forces on the structure shall be calculated in accordance with IS:
1893-2016. The proposed project is located at Bangalore and it comes under seismic Zone II
as per Code.
ZI S a
Ah =
2 Rg
Where,
Z = Zone Factor
I = Important Resistance Factor
R = Response Reduction Factor
Sa/g = Average Response Acceleration Coefficient
0.09 h
Ta =
√d
Where,
h = Height of Building in Meter.
d = Base dimension of the Building at the plinth level in Meter. Along the considered
direction of the lateral force.
In this project, following parameters are considered,
Special RC Moment Resisting structure. Hence, R = 5.0
Zone Factor = 0.1
Important Resistance Factor = 1.5
Response Reduction Factor = 4

4.1.5 CRANE LOAD
A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with chains, and sheaves that can be
used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for
lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places within the building. In this project
5Tonne EOT crane is considered.
Span of crane bridge = 14M
Column Spacing = 5M
Weight of Crane bridge = 50KN
Weight of trolley crab = 50KN
Minimum Hook Distance = 1M
4.2 APPLICATION OF THE LOADS ON THE MODEL
The dead loads of all reinforced concrete members which are modelled will be given
as self-weights of the members. All the dead load of floors including weight of floor slabs are
applied as load per square area and in turn will be applied as distributed floor loads onto the
supporting beams as per clause 24.5 of IS 456: 2000. All wall loads will be applied as
uniformly distributed load per unit length onto the supporting beams.
 All the live loads on floors are applied as load per square area.
 The wind pressure calculated as stated above will be applied as uniformly distributed
load per unit length on the columns.
 Seismic loads are applied as per the codal provisions and directly applied with the
help of software.
 Crane loads are applied at bracket level as three components viz., vertical force,
lateral fore and horizontal force.
4.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS
The structural members will be analyzed and designed taking into consideration the
probability of various service loads acting together during the construction stage and after
occupation. As per Clauses 3.5.1 and 5.3.3 of IS 800-2007 the limit state method of design

will be followed for the design of all the structural members, as per this method, the design
loads will be arrived at using partial safety factors for various load combinations as per Table
4 to IS 800-2007.
Table 4.1
Load Limit state of strength Limit State of

Combinatio Serviceability
n
DL LL WL/ AL DL LL WL/EL
EL
Le Ac Le Ac
DL+LL+CL 1.5 1.5 1.05 - - 1.0 1.0 1.0 -
DL+LL+CL+ 1.2 1.2 1.05 0.6 - 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8
WL/EL 1.2 1.2 0.53 1.2 - - - - -
DL+WL/EL 1.5 - - 1.5 - 1.0 - - 1.0
(0.9)
2
Dl+ER 1.2 1.2 - - - - - - -

(0.9)
2
DL+LL+AL 1.0 0.35 0.35 - 1.0 - - - -
DL = Dead Load WL =Wind Load

IL =Imposed Load (Live load) EL = Earthquake Load
AL = Accidental Load CL = Crane Load
ER =Erection Load
Note
 When action of different LL is simultaneously considered, the leading LL shall be

considered to be the one causing the higher load effects in the member/section.
 The value is to be considered when the DL contributes to stability against overturning
is critical or the DL causes reduction in stress due to other loads
Load combinations used for design as follow’s:
Table 4.4
Sl LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE 12. 1.5(DL + EQL+ 50%CRANE EFFECTS)

No
1. 1.5( DL+LL+WALL LOAD+CRANE 13. 1.5 (DL + ELX + 50%CRANE EFFECT)
EFFECTS)
2. 1.5( DL+LL+WALL LOAD+CRANE 14. 1.5 (DL + ELX + 50%CRANE EFFECT)
EFFECTS)

3. 1.2 (DL+ 25% OF 15. 1.5 (DL + ELZ + 50%CRANE EFFECT)

LL+EQL+50%CRANE EFFECTS)
4. 1.2 (DL+ 25% OF LL 16. 1.5 (DL + ELZ + 50%CRANE EFFECT)
+ELX+50%CRANE EFFECTS)
5. 1.2 (DL+ 25% OF 17. 1.5 (DL + EL-X + 50%CRANE EFFECT)
LL+ELX+50%CRANE EFFECTS)
6. 1.2 (DL+ 25% OF 18. 1.5 (DL + EL-X + 50%CRANE EFFECT)
LL+ELZ+50%CRANE EFFECTS)
7. 1.2 (DL+25% OF 19. 1.5 (DL + EL-Z + 50%CRANE EFFECT)
LL+ELZ+50%CRANE EFFECTS)
8. 1.2 (DL+ 25% OF LL+EL- 20. 1.5 (DL + EL-Z + 50%CRANE EFFECT)
X+50%CRANE EFFECTS)
9. 1.2 (DL+25% OF LL+EL- 21. 0.9 DL + 1.5 (EQL+50%CRANE
X+50%CRANE EFFECTS) EFFECT)
10. 1.2 (DL+25% OF LL+EL- 22. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (ELX+50%CRANE
Z+50%CRANE EFFECTS) EFFECT)
11. 1.2 (DL+25% OF LL+EL- 23. 0.9 DL + 1.5 (ELX+50%CRANE
Z+50%CRANE EFFECTS) EFFECT)
24. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (ELZ+50%CRANE
EFFECT) LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEBILITY
25. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (ELZ+50%CRANE 1. DL+LL+WALL LOAD+CRANE EFFECT
EFFECT)
26. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (EL-X+50%CRANE 2. DL+LL+WALL LOAD+CRANE EFFECT
EFFECT)
27. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (EL-X+50%CRANE 3. DL+LL+WALL LOAD+CRANE EFFECT
EFFECT)
28. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (EL-Z+50%CRANE 4. DL+0.8 LL+ 0.8EQL
EFFECT)
29. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (EL-Z+50%CRANE 5. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8(ELX+50% CRANE
EFFECT) EFFECT)
30. 1.2 (DL + LL +WIND LOAD+CRANE 6. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8(ELX+50% CRANE
EFFECTS) EFFECT)
31. 1.2 (DL+LL+WLX+CRANE 7. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8(ELZ+50% CRANE
EFFECTS) EFFECT)
32. 1.2 (DL+LL+WLX+CRANE 8. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8(ELZ+50% CRANE
EFFECTS) EFFECT)
33. 1.2 (DL+LL+WLZ+CRANE 9. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8(EL-X+50% CRANE
EFFECTS) EFFECT)
34. 1.2 (DL+LL+WLZ+CRANE 10. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8(EL-X+50% CRANE
EFFECTS) EFFECT)
35. 1.2 (DL+LL+WL-X+CRANE 11. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8(EL-Z+50% CRANE
EFFECTS) EFFECT)
36. 1.2 (DL+LL+WL-X+CRANE 12. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8(EL-Z+50% CRANE
EFFECTS) EFFECT)
37. 1.2 (DL+LL+WL-Z+CRANE 13. DL + EQL+50% crane effect
EFFECTS)
38. 1.2 (DL+LL+WL-Z+CRANE 14. DL + ELX +50% CRANE EFFECT
EFFECTS)
39. 1.5 (DL + WIND LOAD + CRANE 15. DL + ELX +50% CRANE EFFECT
EFFECT)
40. 1.5 (DL + WLX + CRANE EFFECT) 16. DL + ELZ +50% CRANE EFFECT
41. 1.5 (DL + WLX + CRANE EFFECT) 17. DL + ELZ +50% CRANE EFFECT
42. 1.5 (DL + WLZ + CRANE EFFECT) 18. DL + EL-X +50% CRANE EFFECT

43. 1.5 (DL + WLZ + CRANE EFFECT) 19. DL + EL-X +50% CRANE EFFECT
44. 1.5 (DL + WL-X + CRANE EFFECT) 20. DL + EL-Z +50% CRANE EFFECT
45. 1.5 (DL + WL-X + CRANE EFFECT) 21. DL + EL-Z +50% CRANE EFFECT
46. 1.5 (DL + WL-Z + CRANE EFFECT) 22. DL + 0.8 LL + 0.8 WIND LOAD+ 0.8
crane effect
47. 1.5 (DL + WL-Z + CRANE EFFECT) 23. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8WLX +0.8 CRANE
EFFECT
48. 0.9 DL + 1.5 (WIND LOAD+CRANE 24. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8WLX +0.8 CRANE
EFFECT) EFFECT
49. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (WLX+CRANE 25. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8WLZ +0.8 CRANE
EFFECT) EFFECT
50. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (WLX+CRANE 26. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8WLZ +0.8 CRANE
EFFECT) EFFECT
51. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (WLZ+CRANE 27. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8WL-X +0.8 CRANE
EFFECT) EFFECT
52. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (WLX+CRANE 28. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8WL-X +0.8 CRANE
EFFECT) EFFECT
53. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (WL-X+CRANE 29. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8WL-Z +0.8 CRANE
EFFECT) EFFECT
54. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (WL-X+CRANE 30. DL + 0.8LL + 0.8WL-Z +0.8 CRANE
EFFECT) EFFECT
55. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (WL-Z+CRANE 31. DL + WIND LOAD + crane effect
EFFECT)
56. (0.9 DL + 1.5 (WL-Z+CRANE 32. 1.0 DL + WLX + CRANE EFFECT
EFFECT)
33. 1.0 DL + WLX + CRANE EFFECT 37. 1.0 DL + WL-X + CRANE EFFECT
34. 1.0 DL + WLZ + CRANE EFFECT 38. 1.0 DL + WL-Z + CRANE EFFECT
35. 1.0 DL + WLZ + CRANE EFFECT 39. 1.0 DL + WL-Z + CRANE EFFECT
36. 1.0 DL + WL-X + CRANE EFFECT 40. 1.5 DL + LL + ER

CHAPTER 5
MATERIALS AND CODES
5.1 MATERIAL PROPERTY
a) Concrete
It is proposed that the design shall be based on following specifications.
 Concrete Grade : M25
 Cement Type : OPC 43 GRADE
 Minimum cement content (kg/m3) : 300
 Maximum free water cement ratio : 0.50
 Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec =5000(fck)0.5 N/mm2 (Cl.6.2.3.1.of IS

456-2000)
 Poisson’s ratio, v =0.17
 Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion =10X10-6/◦C (Cl.6.2.6. of IS 456-2000)
Nominal Size to Cover

Table 4.2
Footing 60 mm
Pedestals 60 mm
Column 45 mm
Beam 30 mm
Slabs 20 mm
b) Steel
Reinforcement is of high yield strength deformed bars with a characteristic strength of

500N/mm2,Thermo- Mechanical Treatment (TMT). And Deformed bars of the
following sizes shall be used: 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25 & 32 mm.
 Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm2
 Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion =12X10-6 /degree C

5.2 SOIL PARAMETERS

Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil is assumed as 150kN/m2 at a depth of 1.8 m from
Natural Ground Level (NGL). The type of soil considered is hard soil.
5.3 DESIGN STANDARDS AND DETAILS OF CODES
Table 4.5
Sl.
Code Description
No
IS: 875 (Part-1)- Code of practice for Design Loads (Other than
1
1987 Earthquake) for buildings and Structures – Unit
Weights of Buildings Materials and Stored Materials.
IS: 875 (Part-2)- Code of practice for Design Loads (Other than
2
1987 Earthquake) for buildings and Structures – Imposed
loads.
IS: 875 (Part-3)-
3 Code of practice for Design Loads (Other than
1987
Earthquake) for buildings and Structures – Wind loads.
4
IS: 456-2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
5 SP: 34 Hand Book on concrete reinforcement and detailing.
6 SP:16 Design Aids For Reinforced Concrete To IS456-1978
7 IS 800-2007 Code of practice for General Construction For Steel.
Code of practice high Strength Deformed Steel Bars

8 IS 1786-2008
And Wires For Concrete Reinforcement
Code of practice for Design And Construction /of

9 IS 1904-1986
Foundations In Soil : General Requirements
Code of practice for Design And Construction /of

10 IS 1893-
Foundations In Soil : General Requirements

CHAPTER 6
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
A structure is made up of structural elements such as footings, column, beams, slabs
and non-structural elements such as partitions, lintel etc... All these Structural/Non Structural
elements put together constitute the 'structural system'. Its function is to resist effectively the
action of gravitational and environmental loads and to transmit the resulting forces to the
ground.
Fig 5.1
5.1 FOOTING
Footings are structural elements that transmit column or wall loads to the underlying
soil below the structure. It is used when the soil has sufficient strength within a short depth
below the ground level.

Footing should be designed

1. To transmit the load of the structure safely on to a sufficient area of the soil so that a
stress induced in the soil are within safe limits.
2. The footing area should be designed such that the centre of gravity of loads in plan
coincides with the centre of gravity of the foundation area.
3. To minimise differential settlement and to prevent sliding and overturning
5.1.1 Isolated footing:
Isolated footing is the single or individual footing which transfers load to the
underground soil. A foundation is the part of the substructure which makes a direct contact or
rested inside the ground. A footing is a unit of the foundation that could be deep or shallow.
Isolated footing is generally provided for shallow depths. Shallow foundations have their
depths less than the widths. Isolated footing is used for isolated column. Footing is provided,
either as simple footing, sloped footing or stepped footing.
Fig 5.2
In simple isolated footing, base of uniform depth is provided. In sloped footing, base
of uniformly sloping downward pattern is provided. In stepped footing, base is constructed in
steps to distribute the load uniformly to the foundation soil. Simple isolated footing is simple
to construct, which reduces the time for construction and it distributes the load in a uniform
manner. Sloped footing is more economical than the simple isolated footing, because the

amount of concrete is reduced towards the edges. It requires more supervision during the
construction and thus consumes more time in construction. As the effective trapezoidal load
pattern is formed due to the load on the footing, the sloped footing is suitable for such cases.
A slope of 45° is provided in sloped footing. In the stepped footing, cross section is
overlapped with each other. Load coming from column on the footing is distributed in steps.
Parameters considered in this project: SBC = 150 KN/m2 at the depth of 1.5M
For detailed drawings refer Appendix 1
5.2 PEDESTAL
A Pedestal refers to that portion of a below ground level where the cross sectional
dimensions of the columns are enlarged
The provision of a pedestal is for the following reasons:

 Reduced development length requirements for the column bars
 Reduced slenderness of the column
 Increased direct bearing area on the footing base slab
 Reduced shear stresses and design moments
 To Avoid the rain water entering into the structure
Fig 5.3

Parameters considered in this project:
The Area of reinforcement of Pedestal is 0.15% of area of concrete

The Dimension of the Pedestal is of about 550 X 990mm
5.3 PLINTH BEAM

Plinth beam is the first beam frame work constructed in skeletal structure. Plinth
beams are laid above the foundation to support the wall above. It acts as a tie beam at ground
level
Fig 5.4
Parameters that we considered in this project

It is provided to support the wall above and not allow the water
The plinth beam is situated at a depth of 1.8M above the foundation level.

5.4 COLUMNS
A compression member whose effective length exceeds three times its least lateral dimension
is termed as the columns. The columns in a building usually carry axial compression loads. In
addition to the axial loads, columns usually carry some moments also. A column with only
axial load is practically impossible. The moment in column may be due to gravity loads, wind
loads or earthquake loads.
5.4.1 Classification of Columns Based on Type of Reinforcement:

1. Tied column: The main longitudinal bars are enclosed within closely spaced lateral ties.
2. Spiral column: The main longitudinal bars are enclosed within closely spaced and
continuously wound spiral reinforcement.
5.5 BEAMS
Beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting
bending. Beams provide supports to the slab and vertical walls. Bending and shear are
predominant in beams.

Fig 5.5
5.5.1 Classification of beams based on supports:

1. Simply supported - a beam supported on the ends which are free to rotate and have
no moment resistance.
2. Fixed - a beam supported on both ends and restrained from rotation.
3. Over hanging - a simple beam extending beyond its support on one end.
4. Continuous - a beam extending over more than two supports.
5. Cantilever - a projecting beam fixed only at one end.

5.6 SLAB
Slabs are plate elements having the depth D much smaller than its span and width. They
usually carry a uniformly distributed area load and form the floor or roof of the building. Like
beams, slabs also may be simply supported, cantilever fixed ends according in the system of
supports used.
It provides a working flat surface or a covering shelter in buildings. It primarily

transfers the load by bending in one or two directions. Reinforced concrete slabs are used in
floors and roof. Slabs may be supported on monolithic concrete beam, steel beams, walls or
directly over the columns. Concrete slab behave primarily as flexural members and the design
is similar to that of beams

Fig 5.6

Thickness of slab considered in this project is 120mm. This slab is designed as Two-way
slab. Reinforcement at longer span of slab is #8-150mm c/c. And Reinforcement at shorter
span is #8-200mm c/c.
5.6.1 Basis of cross section or sectional configuration:

 Ribbed slab /Grid slab
 Solid slab
 Filler slab
 Folded plate
5.6.2 Basis of spanning directions:

 One-way slab – Spanning in one direction.
 Two-way slab - Spanning in two directions.
5.7 GANTRY GIRDER

Gantry girders are laterally unsupported beams to carry heavy loads from one place to
other place. Usually most of the industrial buildings have built in overhead cranes for
handling heavy equipments or goods can be lifted and moved from one point of work place to
another. The cranes may be hand operated (generally they have a capacity of up to 5 tonnes)
and electrically operated (EOT).

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c Seismic Analysis Of Industrial Building With Moving Crane Loads Using STAAD Pro.



Fig 5.7
Top Cover Plate: These are provided so that the beam can resist the shear acting on it.
Bottom Cover Plate: These are provided to resist the Bending Moment which will be
acting on the beam by developing the compressive force in one flange and tensile
force in other
Channel Section: Channel section provides flange areas to resist bending in horizontal
plane due to horizontal forces acting in transfers directions. It increases Moment of
Inertia about Y-Y axis.
Beam Section: These are made of steel and they have a specific lengths and shape
these type of section are usually used in steel structures and it is common to connect
them with plate of steel.
5.2 LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM

CHAPTER 6
MODELING
6.1 Model of a structure
The superstructure is modelled using standard software “STAAD.Pro” as a space frame with
a grid of columns in the vertical direction, interconnected with beam members in the
orthogonal directions at each floor level.
3D space frame analysis using STAAD.Pro, which utilizes finite element technique to carry
out the analysis, is employed. The advanced solver processes the member and element
properties, based on load combinations and support conditions to arrive at the stiffness and
load matrices. The solver further uses matrix method to determine the nodal displacements,
member forces/stresses, element forces/stresses and support reactions, which will be further
utilized in the design of the structural members.
Fig 6.1

6.2 ABOUT STAAD. Pro
STAAD Pro is a comprehensive and integrated finite element analysis and design solution
tool, including a state-of-the-art user interface, visualization tools, and international design
codes. Capable of analyzing any structure exposed to static loading, dynamic loading, soil-
structure interaction, wind, earthquake, and moving loads. STAAD Pro is the premier FEM
analysis and design tool for any type of project including towers, culverts, plants, bridges,
stadiums, and marine structures. In late 2005, Research Engineers International was bought
by Bentley System.
It can make use of various forms of analysis from traditional 1 st order static analysis, 2nd order
P-delta analysis, Pushover analysis (Static-Non Linear Analysis) or a buckling analysis. It
also makes use of various forms of dynamic analysis from modal extraction to time history
analysis and response spectrum analysis. STAAD Pro helps to design structures confidently
anywhere in the world using 80 international codes. STAAD Pro will eliminate the countless
man-hours required to properly load the structure by automating the forces caused by wind,
earthquakes, snow, or vehicles. In addition, no matter what material being used or what
country the structure is located for design, STAAD Pro can easily accommodate the design
and loading requirements, including US, European (including the Euro codes), Nordic,
Indian, and Asian codes; even special codes like AASHTO, ASCE, IBC and the US
aluminium code.
Salient features:
 State-of-the art graphical environment with standard MS windows functionality.

 Full range of analysis including static, P-delta, pushover, response spectrum, time
history, cable, buckling and steel, concrete and timber design.
 Object-oriented intuitive 2D or 3D graphical model generation.
 Support truss and beam members, plates, solid, linear and non-linear cables, and
curvilinear beams.
 Advanced automatic load generation facilities for wind, area, floor, and moving loads.
 Toggle display of loads, supports, properties, joints members, etc.
 Joint, member/element, mesh generation with flexible user-controlled numbering
scheme.

6.3 Important terms in STAAD. Pro
 Geometry
Geometry is the “Skeleton of your structure” or, in other words Geometry is “the
members (beams and columns), and the plates (Slabs, walls).
 Node
Stiffed joint with 6 reactions. It is located at each at end of beam, and each corner of
plate. Nodes considered the essence of the geometry of any structure in STAAD. Pro,
each node will hold the following information:
(i) Node Number
(ii) Node coordinate in XYZ space
 Beam
Any member in the structure. It can be a beam, column, bracing member or truss
member. Beam are actually defined on the Nodes at their ends. Each Beam will hold
the following information:
(i) Beam Number
(ii) The Node number at its ends
 Plate
A thin shell with multi-nodded shape starting from 3nodes and more. It can be
anything of slab, wall. Each plate will hold the following information:
(i) Plate Number
(ii) Node number at each corner of it
 Unit system
The user is allowed to input data and request output is almost available in all
commonly used engineering unit systems including MKS, SI and FPS. In the input
file, the use may change units as many times as required. Mix and match between
length and force units from different unit systems are also allowed. The input-unit for
angles (or rotation) is degree.
 Structural Geometry
A structure is an assembly of individual components such as beams, columns, slabs,
plates and others. In STAAD, frame elements and plate elements may be used to
model the structural components. Typically modelling of the structure geometry
consists of two steps:

(i) Identification and description of joints or nodes

(ii) Modelling of members or elements through specification of connectivity
(incidences) between joints.
 STAAD uses two types of coordinate systems to define the structure geometry
and loading pattern
(i) Global Coordinate System:
The global coordinate system is an arbitrary coordinate system in space, which
is used to specify the overall geometry and loading pattern of the structure
(ii) Local Coordinate System
Local coordinate system is associated with each member (or element) and is
used in member end force output or local load specification
Fig 6.2
 Beta Angle
When the local x-axis is parallel to the global vertical axis, as in the case of a column
in a structure, the beta angle is the angle through which the local z-axis has been
rotated about local x-axis from a position of being parallel and in the same positive
direction of the global z-axis. When the local x-axis is not parallel to the global
vertical axis, the beta angle is the angle through which the local coordinate system has
been rotated about the local x-z plane and the local y-axis in the same positive
direction as the global vertical axis.

6.4 MODELED SET UP
A. Geometrical Layout
STEP I. Tables:
STEP II. Grid (Linear, Radial, Irregular) - Snap Node/Beam
Fig 6.3
B. Cross Sections
STEP I -Define section
STEP II – Assign section
Fig 6.4

C. Material Constants
STEP I -Define Material
STEP II – Assign Material
(i) Density
(ii) Elasticity
(iii) Poisson's Ratio
(iv)Alpha (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) of the materials
Fig 6.5

D. Supports:
STEP I-Define Supports
STEP II – Assign Supports
 Fixed (restrained in all 6 degrees of freedom)

 Pinned (restrained in all three translational degrees of freedom and free in the 3
rotational degrees of freedom)
Fig 6.6

E. Loading:
Loads in a structure can be specified as joint load, member load, temperature load and
fixed end member load. STAAD can also generate the self-weight of the structure and use it
as uniformly distributed member loads in analysis. Any fraction of this self-weight can also
be applied in any desired direction.
 Self-weight
 Nodal load
 Member load
 Area load
 Floor load
 Plate load
 Seismic load
 Wind load
 Crane load
Fig 6.7

Fig 6.8
Fig 6.9

F. Concrete design
The concrete design command initiates the concrete specification. With this,
the design parameters are automatically set to default values. Without this command, none of
the following concrete design commands will be recognized.
Fig 6.10

6.5 ANALYSIS AND RESULT:
a. Solving the static case.
b. Re-forming the global joint stiffness matrix to include the Kg matrix terms which are
based on the computed tensile/compressive axial member forces and in plane plate
stresses.
c. Solving simultaneous equations for displacements;
d. Repeat b) and c) for the number of required additional iterations; either until
convergence or until MAXSTEPS is reached.

Fig 6.11
Diagram showing bending in y direction:

Fig 6.12
H. VIEW RESULTS:

The results of Beam and Column are shown below:
Fig 6.13
Fig 6.14

CHAPTER 7
STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DETAILING
7.1. DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

The member forces and support reactions as arrived through the analysis are utilized in the
design of structural members as per IS 456: 2000. All designs will be carried out using the
limit state method of design.
As per this method, the structure will be designed for all possible limit states of collapse and
serviceability.
Footings: Footings are designed for support reactions of all un-factored loads for
corresponding partial factors of safety for pinned condition.
Columns: Design results from STAAD design modules for fixed supports at foundation level
for the severest case among the load combinations. Columns are grouped according to size
and sub-grouped according to area of steel.
Beams: Design results from STAAD design modules for the severest case among the load
combinations. Beams are grouped according to span, cross section and support conditions.
Slabs: Slabs are designed as One-way/Two-way (Direct Design Method) as per the
coefficients given in IS-456: 2000 for DL+LL.
Gantry girder: Gantry girder are designed as per IS 800-2007 as per required.
7.2 FOOTING
7.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The foundation of a structure is that part of the structure, which transfers the load to the soil
on which it rests. It forms a very important part of the structure.
7.1.2 PRESENT PROJECT:
Footings are grouped as F1, F2…. based on axial force. The isolated footing is designed for
axial force. The SBC of the soil in the present project work is taken as 150KN/m2at a depth of
1.8m from NGL. The load case considered below for footing design is DL+LL+WALL from
limit state of serviceability criteria.

One typical design of footing is presented below.
 Size of footing
P=700KN
SBC=150KN/m2at 1.8m depth from NGL
Assuming the weight of footing + backfill to be 15% of the load.
700 X 1.15
Base area required =
150
= 5.36 m2
Minimum size of footing=√ 5.36
= 2.31m.
Assume (2.4X 2.4) m footing base.
 Thickness of footing slab based on shear
Net soil pressure at ultimate load (assuming load factor of 1.5)
700 X 1.5
qu=
2.4 X 2.4
=182.3 KN/m2
= 0.182N/mm2
Moment at x
x 12
Mux = X Net upward pressure X Size of x side footing.
2
12
Mux = X 182.3X 2.4
2
Mux = 240.62 KN-M
Moment at y
y 12
Muy = X Net upward pressure X Size of x side footing.
2
0.8002
Muy = X 182.3 X 2.4
2
Muy = 153.99 KN-M

Mu = Qu X bd2
Mu = 0.138 X fck X bd2
dreq = (√ Length ofMux

u footing X x )
6
dreq = 240.62 X 10 = 264.09 mm
√
2400 X 3.45
Provide depth of 300mm because to take in shear consideration.
Assume 12mm diameter bars
Mu 240.62 X 106 2
2 = 2 = 1.11 N/mm
bd 2400 X 235
Percentage of steel (Pt) = (from table 2 SP16 pg no 48)
Pt = 0.277
Area of steel
pt
Ast = X Length of one side of footing X dy
100
0.27
Ast = X 1000 X 235
100
Ast = 634.2 mm2(for 1M length)
Minimum percentage of mild steel is 0.12%
0.12
¿ X 1000 X 300 = Astmin = 360mm2(for 1M length)
100
 One way shear
Vu = L X d X net upward pressure
Vu = 1 X 0.500 X 182.3
Vu = 91.15 KN-m
Vu
‫ح‬v =
bd
91.15 X 103
‫ح‬v = = 0.182 N/mm2
1000 X 500

100 X Ast
Pt =
bd
100 X 635
Pt = = 0.196
1000 X 325
‫ ح‬c = 0.322 N/mm2(from IS456 Pg no 73)
 Two way shear
The critical section is at d/2 from the periphery of column
Factored shear force
0.500
L1 = 0.400 + 2 X
2
L1 = 0.9 M
0.4
B1 = 0.8 + 2 X
2
B1 = 1.2 M
Perimeter (P) = (2 X L1) + (2 X b1)
P = 0.9+1.2
P = 2.1M
Vu = 182.3 X ((2.4 X 2.4) – (0.9 X 1.2))
Vu = 853.16 KN
Vu
‫ح‬v =
bd
853.16 X 103
‫ح‬v = = 1.18 N/mm2
2400 X 300
Design shear strength = KsX ‫ح‬c
Ks = (0.5+Bc)
400
Bc = = 0.5
800
Ks = (0.5 + 0.5) =1
‫ح‬c= 0.25 √ fck

‫ح‬c= 0.25 √ 25
‫ح‬c = 1.25 N/mm2
‫ح‬v<‫ح‬c Hence OK.
7.2 BEAMS
7.2.1 Introduction:
A beam is a structural member, which provides supports to the slab and vertical walls.
Bending and shear are predominant in beams.
7.2.2 Present project:
The plinth and roof beams are named as PB1,PB2… RB1, RB2...respectively. The analysis of
beams is done by using STADD.Pro software. For analysis different load cases and load
combinations (mentioned earlier) are considered.
7.2.3 Detailing:
Fig 7.1
Detailing is done as per IS 13920-1993

7.3 COLUMNS:
7.3.1 Introduction:
In reinforced concrete construction, a compression member is one, which is having an

effective length greater than three times its least lateral dimension, and defined as a column
or strut.
7.3.2Present project:
The columns are vertical members in STAAD Pro named as C1,C2… respectively. The
analysis of columns is done by using STADD.Pro software. For analysis different load cases
and load combinations (mentioned earlier) are considered.
7.3.3 Detailing:

Fig 7.2
7.4 SLABS
7.4.1 Introduction:
A slab is a flat, two dimensional planar structural element having thickness small
compared to its other two dimensions. It provides a working flat surface or a covering shelter
to buildings. It supports mainly transverse loads and transfers them to supports primarily by
bending action in one or more directions. As per IS: 456 -2000 slabs are considered as one-
way slab if ‘ly/lX’ ratio is greater than 2 and two way slabs if ‘ly/lX’ is less than or equal to 2.
7.4.2 Present project:
Slabs are designated as S1, S2, etc. comprising of one and two way slabs. For two way slabs
bending moment coefficients are obtained based on the edge conditions as per IS: 456-2000

annex D. The slab design is carried out manually. Structural drawing for designed slabs are
shown in drawing
7.4.3Design of typical two-way slab:
1. Data
Effective shorter span lX: 2.5m
Effective longer span ly: 5m
fy:500 N/mm2
fck: 25 N/mm2
Ly 5
= = 2
Lx 2.5
Hence it is Two Way Slab (Ly/Lx ˂ 2)
Assume an effective depth = 125mm
With clear cover of 20mm and 10Ф rods, the overall thickness
D= 125+20+(10/2)
D=150mm
Since the ratio of long to short span is less than or equal to two the slab should be designed as
two-way slab.
2. Loads on slab: -
Self-weight= 0.15 X 25 =3.75 KN/m
Live load with floor finish = 6.125 KN/m
Total load = 9.875 KN/m
Factored load = 1.5 X 9.875
Therefore, Wu =14.81KN/m2
Mx = α x X Wu X (Lx)2 (α x Values are obtained from the table 26)
Mx = 0.118 X 14.81 X 2.52
Mx = 10.92 KN-M

My = α y X Wu X (Ly)2 (α y Values are obtained from the table 26)
My = 0.029 X 14.81 X 2.52
My = 2.68 KN-M
3. Check for depth
xu max xu max
Mu lim =0.36 X fck X X bd2req X (1-(0.42 X ))
d d
10.92 X 106 = 0.36 X 25 X1000 X d2req X 0.46 X (1-(0.42 X 0.46))
dreq = 57.17 mm.
dreq < dprov Hence OK.
Reinforcement details in X direction
A st x × f y
Mux = 0.87 × fy×Astx ×d 1−[ F ck × b× d ]
10.92 X 106= 0.87 X 500 X Astx X 125 X (1- ¿))
Astx = 171.26 mm2
1000 X ast
Spacing =
Ast
1000 X 78.53
Spacing = = 458.54 mm
171.26
Spacing should not be greater than 300mm hence
Provide 10mm diameter bars @ 300mm C/C in X direction.
Reinforcement details in Y direction
A st y × f y
Muy = 0.87 × fy×Asty ×d 1−[ F ck × b× d ]
2.68 X 106 = 0.87 X 500 X Asty X 125 X (1- ¿))
Asty = 41.36 mm2
1000 X ast
Spacing =
Ast
1000 X 78.53
Spacing = = 380.24 mm2
41.36

Spacing should not be greater than 300mm hence
Provide 10mm diameter bars @ 300mm C/C in Y direction.
Check for Shear
Vu 18.51 X 103
‫ح‬v = =
bd 1000 X 150
= 0.123 N/mm2
Wu X l
Vu =
2
14.81 X 103 X 2.5

Vu =
2
Vu = 18.51 KN
100 X Ast
Pt =
bd
100 X 171.26
Pt = = 0.114
1000 X 150
Therefore, provide minimum percentage of steel of 0.15%
‫ ح‬c = 0.92 N/mm2(from IS456-2000 Pg No 73)
‫ح‬v<‫ح‬c Hence Shear reinforcement is not necessary.
7.5 Gantry Girder
Span of crane bridge = 14M
Column Spacing = 5M
Weight of Crane bridge = 50KN
Weight of trolley crab = 50KN
Minimum Hook Distance = 1M
UDL = 5KN/M

RA = 127.85 KN
RB = 42.14 KN
127.85
Load on each wheel = = 63.92KN
2
Impact factor of 25%
63.92 X 1.25 = 80KN
RA = 125 KN
RB = 45 KN
RA X 1.5 = 125 X 1.5 =187.5KN
HF = 10% for hook load and 5% for wheel load
DF = 0.05 X 80 = 4KN
10 50+ 50
HF = X =25 KN
100 4
Fx = 4 KN
Fy = 80 KN
Fz = 2.5 KN

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSIONS
The following are the brief outcomes of this project carried out at ISRO ISTRAC centre on
‘Seismic Analysis of Industrial Building With Moving Crane Loads Using STAAD Pro’.
The Project acted as a bridge between the theoretical knowledge and the practical work at the
field of construction. ISTRAC helped us to acquire wide knowledge in various fields of
design and analysis.
 The obtained results of STAAD Pro gives a conservative design results.

 On the other hand, STAAD Pro is working in space Co-ordinate system & modelling
of irregular 3-D structure is quite easy in STAAD.
 Effective utilisation of applications software STAAD Pro for analysis and design of
civil engineering structures.
 Designing of structures as per the relevant codes and detailing of structural elements.
 Studying field drawings, and checking the reinforcement erected.
 Important aspects of construction activities from material selections to quality control.
 Construction techniques adopted at various stages.
 Structures satisfies all the stability and strength criteria as per relevant IS codes
In addition to the above, following basic trials of profession are imbibed with.
 Work ethics
 Punctuality
 Communication skills – oral and written
 Need for lifelong learning and need for up gradation of knowledge
 Professionalism
 Practices adopted at most disciplined organisation ISRO - ISTRAC
REFERENCES
REFERENCE BOOKS
 H J Sha Reinforced Cement Concrete Volume –I.

 H S Vishwanath Concrete Technology and Reinforced Cement Concrete.
 Pillai & Menon -Reinforced Concrete Design, 5th Edition, 2005.
 Daniel Vaida, Dorin Lelea - Design of Industrial Building and PEB for multi-storeyed
Building
 Venkatesh, A., Vignesh, S., Iyappan, S., Vignesh Kumar, P., Tamilvanan, G. and
Vijaya Sarathy, R.- INDUSTRIAL PLATE GANTRY GIRDER,

CODES OF PRACTICE
1. SP 16 - Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete
2. IS456:2000 - Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (fourth edition).
3. IS875 (part 1) -1987 Code of practice for Design Loads For Buildings and Structures
-Dead Loads
4. IS875 (part 2) -1987 Code of practice for Design Loads For Buildings and Structures-
Imposed Loads
5. IS875 (part 3) -1987 Code of practice for Design Loads For Buildings and Structures-
Wind Loads
6. IS1893(part 1) :2016 – Criteria For Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
7. IS 800-2007 Code of practice for General Construction For Steel

Seismic Analysis of Industrial Building with Moving Crane Loads

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Seismic Analysis Of Industrial Building With Moving Crane Loads Using STAAD Pro.

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 1

A building designed to house industrial operations and provides the necessary

1.2 About the Project: “INDUSTRIAL BUILDING” –PROPOSED AT BANGALORE

 Configuration : Bay framed structure

 Nature of building : Industrial Building

1.3 Design Philosophy

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 2

1.4 Structural Modelling

1.5 Structural Analysis and Design

1.6 Detailing and Drawing

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 3

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 4

Planning, Analyzing (using STAAD.Pro), Designing and Detailing of Industrial

1. Preparation of architectural drawing for Industrial building using AutoCAD.

3. Modelling the building as 3D space frame using STAAD.Pro.

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 5

4.1 DESIGN LOADS

4.1.1 DEAD LOAD

Unit Weight of various materials considered in this work are as follows:

Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3

Dead Load for 120 mm thick slab= (0.120X25) +3 = 6 KN/m2

4.1.2 LIVE LOAD

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 6

4.1.3 WIND LOAD

Probability factor: k1 (Cl 5.3.1)

In this project, following parameters are considered,

Risk coefficient factor (Cl 5.3.1)

Topography factor (Cl 5.3.3.1) K3=1

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 7

Importance factor K4=1.15

4.1.4 SEISMIC LOAD

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 8

4.1.5 CRANE LOAD

Span of crane bridge = 14M

Weight of Crane bridge = 50KN

Weight of trolley crab = 50KN

Minimum Hook Distance = 1M

4.2 APPLICATION OF THE LOADS ON THE MODEL

4.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 9

Load Limit state of strength Limit State of

Dl+ER 1.2 1.2 - - - - - - -

DL+LL+AL 1.0 0.35 0.35 - 1.0 - - - -

DL = Dead Load WL =Wind Load

 When action of different LL is simultaneously considered, the leading LL shall be

Load combinations used for design as follow’s:

Sl LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE 12. 1.5(DL + EQL+ 50%CRANE EFFECTS)

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 10

3. 1.2 (DL+ 25% OF 15. 1.5 (DL + ELZ + 50%CRANE EFFECT)

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 11

Dept. Of Civil Engg. SaIT 2018-2019 Page 12

5.1 MATERIAL PROPERTY

 Concrete Grade : M25

 Cement Type : OPC 43 GRADE

 Minimum cement content (kg/m3) : 300

 Maximum free water cement ratio : 0.50

 Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec =5000(fck)0.5 N/mm2 (Cl.6.2.3.1.of IS

 Poisson’s ratio, v =0.17

 Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion =10X10-6/◦C (Cl.6.2.6. of IS 456-2000)

Nominal Size to Cover

Reinforcement is of high yield strength deformed bars with a characteristic strength of

 Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm2