Freyssinet International Manila Incorporated

Retrofitting the building performance using base isolation/ dampers

Manila 24th October 2015
Large toll at Asia

Earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and greater since

1900. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are
linearly proportional to their respective fatalities

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Large seismic activity in Asia

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Western Turkey

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Northern Philippines

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Ring of fire

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Earthquakes occur daily

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Risk evaluation

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Loma Prieta earthquake

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Fate? 550 BC

• What is Base Isolation

• Increase the damping and period of the structure by non rigid connections
and allowing movement in the horizontal plane.
• Only applicable to structures where overturning does not govern (generally 7
stories or less)

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Viscardini early 20th century

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Protection strategies

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Protection strategies

STANDARDIZED BUILDING DAMAGE LIMIT STATES

Degree Description

No damage
Fully
Equipments available for use
operational
Safe to immediate occupancy

Light damage
Operational Possible disruption to normal function
Safe to immediate occupancy

Only minor damages

Damage
Materials have not yielded
limitation
Safe to occupy after earthquake
Significant damages
Significant Materials may have yielded
damage Repairs before occupation after
earthquake Operational / Fully operational

Extreme damage
Near
Unsafe for post-earthquake occupancy
collapse
repair may not be possible

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Protection strategies

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 Base Isolation of Existing Structures
• Why Base Isolation?
• Traditional Approach-Life safety

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Earthquake secondary effects on structures

Fire on damaged structures

Tohoku, Japan, 2011, magnitude 9

Alaska, USA, 1964
magnitude 8.3

Pipes failure (gas, electricity, water)

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Base Isolation of Structures

• Modern Approach
• Major utility structures should remain largely serviceable after earthquake:
• Hospitals
• Government Buildings
• Rescue centers
• Shopping malls
• Seaports and airports
• Major Roads/Bridges

• Political and Social Issues:

• Schools
• Landmarks

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BASE ISOLATION PRINCIPLES

TARGET OF THE ISOLATION SYSTEM

• Increasing the natural period

• Increasing the energy dissipation

CONSEQUENCES

Significant increase of the displacement.

Therefore in order to reduce the displacement the energy dissipation might be

essential

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 BASE ISOLATION PRINCIPLES

Design approach according to european standard (EN 1998)

BASE ISOLATION

The seismic effects are reduced and the design will be made without plastic
deformation:

• The structure is designed to remain ELASTIC under REDUCED ACTIONS

• DEFORMATIONS are concentrated only in the SEISMIC DEVICES

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BASE ISOLATION PRINCIPLES

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CHOICE OF ISOLATORS

• Isolation: Elastomeric bearings and pendulum bearings

The isolators give damping to the isolated structure
• Standard Elastomeric Bearings => 10 %
• High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB) special neoprene compound=> 16 %
• Lead Rubber Bearings (LRB) => 35 %
• Pendulum Bearings (PS) => 35 %

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 The main seismic isolators

High Damping Rubber Bearings

The spring effect is given by the rubber elasticity (storage of elastic energy).
The energy dissipation is given by the rubber viscosity.

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 The main kinds of seismic isolators

Lead Rubber Bearings

The spring effect is given by the rubber elasticity (storage of elastic energy).
The energy dissipation is given by the yield of the lead core.

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The main seismic isolators

Sliding Pendulum Isolators

The spring effect is given by the potential energy storage.
The energy dissipation is given by the friction of the sliding material.

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SLIDING PENDULUM ISOLATOR

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Tests on isolators

HDRB – dynamic shear test

PS – dynamic shear test

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Lead-Rubber Bearing (LRB)

SAKARYA VIADUCT, TURKEY

Factory Production Control Test on isolators

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HOW WE CAN INSTALL THE ISOLATORS IN AN
EXISTING BUILDING?

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Details or the reinforcements applied to the column

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PREPARATION

Placing the support Placing the beams

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LOAD TRANSFER

Stressing the beams Loading the vertical jacks

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 CUTTING THE COLUMNS

Cutting the column by diamond wire saw The cut completed

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INSTALLATION OF ISOLATOR

Grouting the sole plates Placing the isolator

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 FINISHING

Isolators and steel strengthening placed The job almost completed

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 FINISHING

Detail of the external walls Detail of the external walls and gap

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References: Lead-Rubber Bearing (LRB)

ANTALYA AIRPORT, TURKEY

Retrofitting of Airport buildings

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References: Base Isolation

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References: Base Isolation

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References: Base Isolation

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ISOSLAB CONCEPT

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L’Aquila, CASE project

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 SOLUTIONS: BASE ISOLATION

Case study: Buildings Retrofitting

Bucharest City Hall – Romania

Nos. 262 LRBs

Diameter 1000 mm
d = +/- 700 mm

Tested at San Diego University lab.

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Bucharest City Hall Romania

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Bucharest City Hall Romania

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Bucharest City Hall Romania

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Bucharest City Hall Romania

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Bucharest City Hall Romania

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Bucharest City Hall Romania

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey
• Constructed in 1991
• In 2007 the Hospital was upgraded new seismic requirements

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey
• Installation of Dampers

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey
• Installation of Dampers

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey
• Installation of Dampers

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey
• Installation of Dampers

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Base Isolation of Existing Structures

Case Study
• Marmara Hospital, Istanbul Turkey
• Installation of Dampers complete

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Damping- Energy dissipation

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Principle – Bridge protection

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RETROFITTING

Viscous dampers acting in

parallel with the isolators to
increase the energy dissipation
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DAMPERS GRAND HYATT BGC

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Testing Laboratories: EUCENTRE – pavia - italy

Dynamic test on a viscous damper FD 2000/2400

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DESIGN

SEISMIC ANALYSIS

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BASE ISOLATION DESIGN

IS IT DIFFICULT TO DESIGN A BASE ISOLATED STRUCTURE?

The contrary is true: it is much easier than a traditional structure.

The whole structure remains in the elastic field and a linear analysis is
sufficient

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Types of analysis

• Depends on the damping ratio

• Up to 28 %: linear
• over: non linear

Device Calcul Donnée d’entrée

STU

LDRB Linear: spectral

analysis
HDRB

LRB Linear or non linear

PS depending of ξ
FD Non linear
 Time history
PDS analysis

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 Pre design- Support for structure analysis

• Predesign softwares developed for:

• Bridges
• Buildings (isolation)
• Buildings (bracing)

• Inputs:
• Structure mass, stiffness
• Service loads (to determine the preload) and seismic data
• Project constraints (max allowed acceleration, forces, displacement, space for devices)

• Outputs (technical note):

• Devices types, quantities, locations
• Accelerations, displacements, velocity, forces
• Under development: transfered spectrums

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Pre design software

• Bridges
• Required input data
• Deck mass
• Spans length and inertia
• Piers height and stiffness or inertia, foundation stiffness
• Max allowed displacements and forces
• Accelerograms
• Results
• Forces, acceleration, velocity, displacements
• Devices quantites and range

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Pre design software

• Buildings base isolation

• Required input data
• Building mass
• Height and inertia
• Max allowed forces & displacements
• Results
• Forces, acceleration, velocity, displacements
• Devices quantites and range

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Detailed analyses

• Technical department or NECS

With dampers Without dampers

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Case study: la Meynard hospital, Martinique, France

• Pre-design, design, production, test, installation

Base isolation Displacement Acceleration

(mm) (m/s²)
Without dampers 340 2.5
With dampers 170 1.7

74874 tonnes

283 isolators
36 dampers

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Execution study: detail calculation by NECS

av,isolation level = 0.54 g

ah,8th floor = 0.21 g

ah,isolation level = 0.16 g

dh,isolation level = 190 mm
• Code_Aster software
• 100 000 nodes
• Walls: shell elements
• Colomns: beams
• Isolators: beams
• Dampers: articulated beams
• Soil structure interaction with 3D springs
• Accelerograms along X, Y and Z

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 Tangshan LNG

• 305 HDRB for each tank, 1440 in total

• Damping ≥ 10%
• Temperature range -21°C, +36°C
• Standards
• AASHTO 1999, Guide specification for seismic isolation design
• ISO 22762 Elastomeric seismic protection isolator
• GB 50011-2001 Codes for seismic design of buildings

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ITER prototype of nuclear power plants

• 493 rubber bearings

• 18 months for design, production, test, installation
• Damping: 6%
• Tests as per NF EN 15129

International fusion resactor tokamak complex seismic isolation, S. Cazadieu (EGIS), L. Patisson (ITER), S. Diaz (Nuvia), TINCE 2013

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Jules Horowitz Reactor

• 195 rubber bearings

• Damping: 6%
• Specific test program, in accordance with French Nuclear Safety Authority and
French Nuclear Agency. More than 1000 tests during 2006-2008.

Earthquake-proof pads of JHR Project, Nuvia, IAEA Workshop 2011

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Cluny school, Martinique

Device : FD and isolator

Capacity : 350 kN, +/- 75 mm
Qty : 36
Year : 2007

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 Electrical transformator, Roumania

Weight 60 t Base isolation

Max allowable acceleration 4 rubber bearings diameter 200 mm

=> 0.2 g 4 dampers capacity 15 kN

stroke +/-25 mm

Year: 2009

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Thanks for your attention!

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