KV ILRCIR IRC1 18-1985 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD | BRIDGES (POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE) (Second Revision) THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS 1990IRC : 18-1985 a ad MEMBERS OF THE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE 1 1g tu cc Dior Gesu (ite Mlalty of tet ‘fd bes Saal at 2 Sp"chaabani Get Emin gn, Mary ot Toney, (iembersSeeretary} Department of Surface Transport DESIGN CRITERIA 3. GR Allocnaal Chuan al Mntsog Dor, STUP Cosi are uate : FOR ° 4 DEAS Ane iat Dern of arto Eosinoring, Be 5. A enka id Beet), WD. Wo Bee PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD 6 P.C. Bhasin ‘Adviser (Technical), Hooghly River Bridge Conninicnsn, stn 1 Mex. pineal Eee sete Conan BRIDGES 8 DIN. Bhobe Soomitng Bagower ist Now’ 3; 2224, CH. (POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE) ee Sor nat 10. men Sings‘ Bete, UP. St Be Cope es U1 88 chatnturd——Gmng Eater evi PL 12. BJ. Dave ‘Superintendit Engineer, (Designs), CATER tate, Saeisg_ Paes 13 TAE Dia i Ene Te Cone htdion of ct Eat : 14 M8 Ghapuy HY Nea, oot 08 4 RPGR” UNE Ree ened Cox ot Exar ' 16. acyat Ona Ener, Teen Co, Calcuta i i Base” Grange tes Myf ect th Roe Biever Sagat (ie CBSO. at of Reser east Sm a 19. 8.2m! kf Bxloe Dehl Desay haben” SUE Kamar” Spaitgecey te Govt al Oke Bae TRALEE DR! ’ Mt Kaa fommiacting tesa Cale) pwd. | me pe raed i 22. SN Kaul Get East, Projet Orenaion FAK, 23. HN. Kumar Director of Materials, Calcutta Metropolitan } Published by Be a Orie panne ‘ial Bridge Cdn j THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS: * hl Ener Ba = 2 taneraes Relat Ane Uae Mare Indi, = | Semnagae Hows, Shabjean Bond 2% a. etencum Meng Dino, Rakuhan | a a \930 2. NV.aensi eeu tote on of Mae a PW. Price Rs 20 28. PL, Naik Deputy Chief Engineer (C), Hindustan Const Cor tea tombe “ (os packing and postege)TRC : 18-1985 First published : December, 1965 Reprinted : October, 1969 Reprinted : February, 1974 CONTENTS i jon : 1977 Second Revision : November, 1985 Notations Reprinted : September, 1990 1, Introduction 1 2. Scope 4 3. Materials 4 4. Concrete 6 5. Loads and Forces 9 6. Stage Prestressing 10 7. Permissible Stresses in Concrete o 10 8. “Permissible Stresses in Prestressing Stee! 2 9. Section Properties 2 10. Moduli of Elasticity 4 (Rights of Publication and of Translation are reserved) ee ay “8 13, Calculation of Ultimate Strength . 18 14, Shear and Torsion i 15, Minimum Reinforcement 26 ~ 16, Cover and Spacing of Prestressing Stee! 2 17. End Blocks 28 18, Thickening of Webs of Girders 31 19. Intermediate Anchorages 31 Splay of Cables in Plan and Minimum Radius in-Blevation 31 21. Slender Beams 32 22. Emergency Cables/Strands 32 23. Grouting of Cables 32 Appendices 1. Tests on Sheathing Ducts wo 8 2, Recommended Practice of Grouting of Post Tensioned Cables in Prestressed Concrete Bridges . 38 Printed at Sagar Printers & Publishers, New Delhi 2000 — Sept. 1990Pat fe IRC: 18-1985, NOTATIONS Area of High Tensile Steet ‘Area of longitudinal reinforcement £ Crost-ectional area of two legs ofa link ‘Area of connector steel ‘ ‘Area enclosed by the contre line of members forming a box ection Bearing area of the anchorage converted in shape to a square of equivalent area Maxium aren of the square that can be contained within the member Without overlapping the corresponding area of the adjacent ancho- ‘ager, and concentric withthe Dearing ea "Ac. ‘Width of «rectangular section or ib ofa Tee, Z or I beam Side of anchor plate Width of flange of Tee or L beam + Overall depth of the girder measured from top of deck slab to the soffit of girder : Depth of the girder from the maximum compression edge to the centre of gravity of the tendons Diameter of prestressing wire/strand ! Depth from extreme compression fibre ether to the longitudinal bars + Modulus of Elasticity of conerete at 28 day or the centroid of the tendons, whichever eater ‘Modulus of Elasticity of presiresing steel ‘Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete at j days (/<28 days) Base of Naperian Logarithms Bursting tensile force in end block Average compressive stress in flexural compressive zone ‘Actual concrete cube strength at j days subject to a maximum value of fek Y<28 days) ‘Characteristic compressive strength of 15 cm cubes at 28 days Compressive stress at centroidal axis due to prestress taken as positive Permissible compressive contact stress in conerete includ prevailing stress asin the case of intermediate anchorages any + Ultimate tensile strength of prestressng steel Stress. due to prestress only at the tensile fibre distance *)* from the centroid ofthe concrete section ‘Maximum principal tensile stress in concrete Yield stress of longitudinal steel in compression Yield strength of longitudinal reinforcement or 0.2 per cent proof stcess which should be taken as not greater than 415 MPa + Yield strength of linbs/shear reinforcement of 0.2 per cent proof stress Which should be taken as not greater than 418 MPa : Dead load Larger dimension ofthe section 1IRC: 18-1985 fom Sea din fe ssn Sor) SEPSSE SEE ox cina he tsi SESS EG ve acs veto 1+ Senter of aot tin {SSSR acta en i ieee ie SEIS en ine 3 Megane we | Seen men cmd i 5 Snr ta we Rea rane 5 Sars G2 BSE tin on g | siineatatonatans bo, Setdpeanc 2 popes er ee P| Somartarcrasee Cat ner sine nya re: mel fat ore ymca 5 Set 2 net cin Fe, | Gla toe cost SS rae ne ro SMOG ene ric 1 UMSISARaT tata re en ee v1 Riparian tei one wa Sein ve Soot in {2 Sse arte nesta ann San pens st Snes Sit tg 31 SEN Girne tm ices a ec >, | SERLServente amen tas mde tesa S 5 Bahia itirten tom einer orn + Seen itt cian ; “ee ere cee Se ap cab ‘profile has turned between the points of ‘operation of ; Standard deviation (population) ore zl jncking end Steel stress at a point, distant ‘x° from the jacking end. Internal nominal diameter of sheathing 2 2 and op (8) IRC: 18-1985 1, INTRODUCTION The object of issuing the Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges by the Indian Roads Congress is to establish a common procedure for the design and construction of road bridges in India. This publication is meant fo serve #5 4 guide to both the design engineer and construction engineer but Eompliance with the provisions therein docs not relieve them in ‘any ‘way of their responsibility for the stability and soundness of the structures designed and erected by them. The design and construction of road bridges require an ex: tensive and thorough knowledge of science and technique involved and should be entrusted only to specially qualified engineers with adequate experience of bridge engineering and capable of ensuring careful execution of work. The requirement of revising the Desa Criteria fr Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges published in 1965 to cope with the technological developments which have taken place in this field of engineering bas been felt for quite some time, A Subcommittee was accordingly constituted by the Bridges Committee in June, 1983, ‘The Subcommittee consisting of the following personnel, finalised the revised Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges at their meeting held from 22nd to 24th July, 1985 at New Delhi. M.K. Mukherjee oGomvenor KB. Thandavan, fember-Secretary (Gr jayatodt til May, 1984) ‘MEMBERS Dr. P, Sreenivasa Rao LAN. Red Dr. B.P. Bagish AG, Borkar DDes D.T. Grover, Viiay Kumar NIK: Patel KRamolo M.C, Tandon (S. Rangarajen) President, Indian Roads Congress — Ex-oficio (K. Tong Pang Ao) Director General (Road Development) & Addl, Secretary to the Government of India — Ex-offclo (K.K. Sarin) Secrelary, Indian Roads Congress — Ex-offcio (Ninan Koshi)IRC: 18-1988 This draft was considered by the Bridges Committee at their meeting held at New Delhi on the 20th August, 1985 and approved subject to some modifications, which was later approved ‘by the Executive Committee on the 22nd’ August, 1985 at New Delhi and then by the Councill in their 114th meeting held on the 6th September, 1985 at Panaji, Goa, taking into consideration the views expressed by the members of the Council. Wherever the provisions of these Criteria are different from the provisions of existing IRC:21-1972, IRC:22-1966, etc., the provisions of this Criteria shall be adopted. Wherever a reference to IS Code has been made, the latest revision shall be followed. 2. SCOPE These Criteria cover the design aspects for prestressed con- crete (post-tensioned) road bridges (determinate structures. only). These are not applicable to the design of members which are subjected to direct compression like piers. 3. MATERIALS 3.1. Cement Any of the following shall be used with prior approval of the competent authority : (@) Ordinary Portland Cement conforming (0 15:269 ( Portland Slag Cement conforming to 183455 but with not more than 50 per cent sg content (©) Rapid Hardening Portland Cement conforming to 18:8041 (4) High Strength Portland Cement conforming to 1S:8112 Aggregates 1. Coarse aggregate 3.2.1.1. Coarse aggregate shall consist of clean, hard, strong, dense non-porous and durable pieces of crushed stone, crushed gravel, natural gravel. or a suitable combination thereof or other Approved inert material. It shall not. contain pieces of disinte- grated stones, soft, flaky elongated particles, salt alkali, vegetable Matter or other ‘deleterious materials in ‘such quanti reduce the strength or durability of the concrete, or to attack the embedded steel. It shall comply with 15;383. The nominal maximum size of aggregates shall usually be sestcicted_ to 10 mm less than the minimum clear distance between individual cables or individual untensioned steel reinforcement or 3. 4 IRC: 18-1985 10 mm less than the minimum cover to untensioned steel reintorce- ment, whichever is smaller. A nominal size of 20 mm coarse aggregates shall generally be considered satisfactory for prestressed concrete work. 3.2.2. Fine aggregates: Fine aggregates consist_ of hard, strong, durable, clean particles of natural sand, crushed Hone or crushed gravel or suitable tombination of natural sand fand crushed stone or gravel. They shall not contain dust, lumps, soft or flaky materials, mica and other deleterious materials in such quantities as would reduce the strength or durability of concrete Grattack the embedded steel. Fine aggregates shall conform to 18:383. 3.3, Water Water used for mixing and curing shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, sugar, organic materials or other substances that may be deleterious to Concrete or steel. Potable water is generally considered satisfac tory for mixing concrete. As a guide the following concentrations represent the maximum permissible values : @) To ie 200 ml sample of water, using phenalphihalcin oo Bart 2 a eta 200 mi sample _of water, using methylorange as an odo) iy tUaRe more than i ml et 01 norma! HCl o (©) Permissible limits for solids shall be as given below : Permissible limit (Max) Organic 200 mili Inorganic 3000 gli, Sulphate (as SO.) ‘500-mgjlit Chlorides (C1) 500 melt ‘Suspended matter 2000 mgt pH value, shall generally be not less tha . (a) Toe Pall Ge dove as per 1823025. Mixing. and curing with [Sede ater shat not be permitted. 3.4, Admixture may be provided in conformity with Clause 44, of IS: 1343, 3.5, Steel ‘The prestressing steel shall be any of the following ; ‘hard drawn steel wire conformiig to 1S:1785 (Part 1) and 1S:1785 (Part 11) 5IRC: 18-1985 (®) Cold drawn indented wire conforming to 1S:6003, (©). High tensile steel bar conforming to (@ Uncoated stress relieved strand conforming to 1S: 6006 3.5.2. Untensloned steel : Re ned steel shall be any of the followin; (2) Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars conforming to 18:432 (Part I) (b) Hot rolled deformed bars conforming to 1S: 1139 (© Cold twisted bars conforming to IS: 1786 and (4) Hard drayn steel wire fabric conformi 3.6, Sheathing Strips 3.6.1. Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be Cold Rolled Cold Annealed (CRCA) Mild Steel intended for mechani- cal treatment and surface refining but not for quench hardening or tempering. 3.6.2, The material shall normally be bright finished. How- ever, in case of use in aggresive environment galvanised or lead coated mild steel strips shall be adopted. 3.6.3. The thickness of the strips shall be minimum of 0.24 mm + 0.02 mm for internal diameter of sheathing ducts upto and including 51 mm and shall be 0.30 mm + 0.02 for diameters beyond 51 mm and upto 91 mm. 3.6.4. The sheathing shall conform to the requirements as per tests specified in Appendix I and a test certificate shall be furni- ‘shed by the manufacturer, 4. CONCRETE 4.1. Concrete Mix Design 4.1.1. The. concrete shall be designated by indicating the specified characteristic compressive strength of 150 mm cubes at 28 days expressed in MPa. 4.1.2. The characteristic compressive strength of concrete shall-be defined as the strength of the concrete, below which not ‘more than 5 per cent of the fest results are expected to fall. For prestressed concrete work, the specified characteristic compressive strength shall not be less than 35 MPa i.e. grade M35. except for composite construction where concrete of grade M30 could be permitted for deck slab. The design shall be based on charac- teristic compressive strength of concrete. 6 IRC: 1851985 4.13. The determination of the proportion of cement, aggregates and water to attain required strengths shall be made by designing. the concrete mix. Such concrete shall be calle: “Design, Mix Concrete”. “For prestressed concrete construction only "Design Mix Concrete” shall be used. | The concrete mix Shall be designed as per TS: 10262 (Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design) to have a target mean strength defined as fa + 1.650. + for values of .4. The concrete mix shall be designed for values of targei'meta strength not lower than those indieated in Table I. Tams t _ ‘Target mean strengib Grade of concrete argst mean sen Mas oH 32 M40 Mas A M50 ie Mss Cea eneeeeerareramieTee Teoma a ern ihe] nisi 4.1.5. The concrete mix shall also comply with the minimum cement content for different exposures as given in Table 2 and atthe same time the quantity of cement in the concrete mix shal not be more than 540 kg/cum of concrete, Tame? ee Minimum cement Max. water a ‘content (kg/cum) cement ratio Severe: For example, exponed or frag While St coronine fumes «0 04s other then eo te The minimom cement conteot is based on 20 mm nominal maximum ‘ize apgreaates, 4.2. Sampling and Testing for Strength te ‘ 4 4 i 2.1. For sampling and testing, statistical approach shal followed.” Samples Rom fresh conerete sell be taken ts per 1 ‘NorIRC: 18-1985 1S: 1199 and cubes shall be made cured and tested in accordance with IS: 516 subject to (a) and (b) below :- (a) A random sampling procedure shall be adopted to ensurt that each concrete Bath tall buve 4 rersonsbie anes of being tested, The sampling should, therefore, be spread over the entire period of concreting and cover all mixing units. The minimum frequency of sampling of concrete of each grade shall be one cube for every 2 m® of concrete for the first 300 m* of concrete or concrete in the first major span of bridge whichever is less, to be reduced to I cube for every 3 m? for subsequent work. (b) Test cubes shall be made from each sample for testing at 28 days. Additional cubes may also. be.taken to determine the strength of concrete at any day other than 28 days to verify the strength at the time of transfer of prestress. 4.2.2. Testing fade shall be analysed separately to indard deviation. (b) Total number of test strength results required for calculation of standard deviation shall be preferably not less than 40. Attempts shall be made to obtain 40. test strength results as early as possible when a mix is used for the first time. When significant changes in the materials used, mix propor- tioning, equipment or technical control are made in the produc- tion of concrete, mix shall be redesigned. The standard devia- tion of concrete’ of a given grade’ shall be calculated from the individual test strength results using the following formula: Baines Standard Deviation tf EBF where A = deviation of individual test strength from the average test strength of ‘n’ test strength results n= number of test strength results 4.3, Acceptance Criteria 4.3.1. The concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength requirement if, (> every eeslt has a strength not less than. the design character ‘value, oF 8 IRC: 161988 fe sitength of one or mors toi results though less than the char- (©) ect aie's, fash cas, not len tha te weaer (1) The characterttc strength minus 1.35 times the standard devia- tion; and 2) 0.80 vies the characterntic strengb; ©) ed hw ayerage sttagin of Al theesmples isnot less than she seheeaaisst a (148 HE) ie ne ntard devin 4.3.2. The concrete shall be deemed not to comply with the strength requirements if, (@) The strength of any test result is less than the greater of (0 The characeritie suengih minus 1.3 times the standard devia tion; and @) 0.8 times the characteristic strength; oF (b) The average strength of all the test results is less than the characteristic strength plus (155-73 ) times the standard deviation. 4.3.3. Concrete of each grade shall be assessed separately. Concrete of each identifiable unit of bridge or concrete cast per day shall be assessed for compliance. 4.3.4, Concrete which does not meet the strength require- ‘ments as specified in 4.3.1. but has a strength greater than that re- quired by 4.3.2. may, at the discretion of the designer, be accepted as being structurally adequate without further testing. If the concrete is deemed not to comply with 4.3.2., the structural adequacy of the parts affected shall be investigated ‘and ‘any consequential action, if needed, shall be taken. 5, LOADS AND FORCES 5.1, The loads and forces and load combinations as per IRC; 6-1966 and as applicable for the given structure shall be duly accounted for. 2. All critical loading stages shall be investigated. The tated below may normally be investigated: (Stage prestressing; i) Construction stages including temporary loading, transport, handling 9 stageire: 184985 td erestion of any occsionsl loads that ty occur during tune ‘ching of girders, etc. including impect, if any; * (ii) The detign, loads as per load combination of 5.1. above including the following discrete stages: * (@) Service Dead Load +Prestress with full losses. (b) Service Dead Load+ Live Loud+Prestress with full ones, (Gv) Ultimate load, as per Clause 12, 6, STAGE PRESTRESSING Stage prestressing is permissible. However, concrete shall have attained a strength of not less than 20 MPs before any pre~ stressings is applied. 7. PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN CONCRETE 7.1. Permissible Temporary Stresses in Concrete TAA. These stresses are calculated after accounting for all losses except due to residual shrinkage and creep of concrete, 7.1.2. The compressi mentioned in clause 5.2. (i) shall not exceed 0.5, ‘not be more than 20 MPa, where fu is the concrete that time subject to a maximum value of for. fe stress produced due to loading rhich shall trength at 7.1.3. Atfull transfer the cube strength of concrete shall not be less than 0.8 fy. Temporary compressive stress in the extreme fibre of concrete (including stage prestressing) shall not ‘exceed 0.45 fos. subject to a maximum of 20 MPa. 7.1.4, The temporary tensile stresses in the extreme fibres of concrete shall not exceed 1/10th of the permissible temporary compressive stress in the concrete. 7.2. Permissible Stress in Concrete during Service 7.2.1. The compressive stress in concrete under service loads shall not exceed 0.33 fur. 7.2.2. No tensile stress shall be permitted in the concrete uring service. 7.2.3. If pre-cast segmental elements are joined by prest ssing, the stresses in the extreme fibres of concrete during service shall always be compressive and the minimum compressive stress 10 Inc: 18.1985 in an extreme fibre shall not be less than five per cent of maximum permanent compressive stress that may be developed in the same Section. This provision shall not, however, apply to cross pres- tressed deck slabs. 7.3. Permissible Bearing Stress Behind Anchorages The maximum allowable stress, immediately behind the anchorages in adequately reinforced end blocks may be calculated bby the equation : fr = 0.48 for Al 88 or 0.8 fu whichever is smaller where fom the permissible compressive cont including any prevailing stress as, anchorages Ay = the bearing arca of the anchorage converted in shape to a square of equivalent area 4q = the maximum area of the square that can be contained within the member without overlapping the corresponding area of adjacent anchorages, and concentric with the bearing area Ay. Notes : (i) The above value of bearing stress is permissible only if there i a projection of concrete of at feast 30 mm or by 4, whichever is more Ail round the anchorage, whereby is 3 shown a Fig. 1. +b by, Ya, F ha A 4 stress in concrete the case of intermediate Fig. 1 uIRC: 18-1985 (iy The value of fo, $0 calculated, may be increased suitably, if ade- ‘quate hoop relaforcemeat is provided at the anchorage. (lid When anchorages are embedded in concrete, the bearing stress Bini berinvestigaied: after accounting forthe surface fucton between the anchorage and the concrete. Gv) The pressure operating on the anchorage shall be taken before allowing for loses due to creep and shrinkage of concrete, but ‘ater allowing for lostes due to elastic shortening, relaxation of tee! ‘and seating of anchorage. 8, PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN PRESTRESSING STEEL 8.1, Permissible Stress ‘The maximum temporary stress in the prestressing stecl at any section after allowing for losses due to slip of anchorages and elastic shortening of the member should not exceed 70 per cent of the minimum ultimate tensile strength as specified in the relevant Indian Standard Code. 8.2, Overstressing Overstressing of prestressing steel to compensate for slip of anchorages or to achieve the calculated extensions may be per- mitted subject to the jacking force not exceeding 80 per cent of the minimum ultimate tensile strength or 95 per cent of the proof stress (0.2 per cent) of the prestressing steel whichever is less. 9, SECTION PROPERTIES 9.1. For members consisting of precast as well as cast-in-situ , due consideration shall be given to the different moduli of elasticity of concrete in the precast and in-situ portions. 9.2, Openings in Conerete Section For the purpose of determining the flexural stresses both prior to and after grouting of the cables or tendons, the properties of the section such at area, position of centroid and moment of iner- tia may be based upon the full section of the concrete without deducting for the area of longitudinal openings left in the concrete for prestressing tendons, cable ducts or sheaths, No allowance for the ragsformed aren of the prestressng tendons shall, however, ‘made. Deduction shall be made for the holes of transverse prestress~ ing tendons at sections where they occur, for determining the stresses before grouting of these holes. R IRC: 18.1985 9.3. Minimum Dimensions $3.1. 20, + (HE) where ‘Aas is the total area of legs of closed links at a section Asp is the area of longitudinal reinforcement fr is the yield strength of longitudinal reinforcement Fre S Mon'bouid not be taken greater then 415 MPs, 24 IRC: 18-1985 ur is the yield strength of links Sy is the spacing of the links X; is the smaller dimension of the link measured between centres of legs Yq is the larger dimension of the link measured between centres of legs. To prevent a detailing failure the closed links shall be _detai led to have minimum cover and a pitch less than the smallest of (% x Ya)/4, 16 times longitudinal comer bar diameters and 200 mm. The longitudinal reinforcement shall be positioned uniformly such that there is a bar at each corner of the links. The iameterof the corner bars shall be not less than the diameter of the links. 14.2.3.2. TL, and I sections: Such sections shall be divi- ded into component rectangles for purpose of torsional design. This shall be done in such away as to maximize the function Lhmoe X Mn) Where finse and finin are the larger and smaller dimensions of each component rectangle. Each rectangle shall then be considered subject to a torque : T (hmorX ain) E (nex Brin) Reinforcement shall be so detailed as to tie the individual rectangles together. Where the torsional shear stress in a rect- angle is less. than Vic no torsional reinforcement need to be pro vided in that rectangle. 14,2.3.3. Box section Vs = T)2heo Ao where ‘hos is the wall thickness of members where the stress is determined; Ae is the area enclosed by the centre line of members forming the box. Torsional reinforcement is to be provided such that Au r SAORI) Ase > 4 (= &IRC: 181985 The detailing requirements of 14,2.3.1. should still _be observed. In detailing the longitudinal reinforcement to cater for torsional stresses account may be taken of those areas of the cross section subjected to simultaneous flexural compressive stresses and a lesser amount of reinforcement in the compressive zone may be taken as: (Area of section subjected to flexural compression) 0.87 foe Where fore is the average compressive stress in the flexural ‘compressive zone and fy is the yield stress of longitudinal steel in compression. Reduction in steel area = fesw 15, MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT 15.1. General The quantity of untensioned steel required for design or constructional purposes shall not be less than the minimum stipulated in clauses 15.2. to 15.4, Various types of minimum steel requirements need not be added together. The bars in such reinforcement shall, however, not be placed more than 200 mm apart, the diameter of mild’ steel and high strength deformed ‘bars should not be less than 10 mm and 8 mm respectively. 15.2. In the vertical direction, a minimum reinforcement shall_be provided in the bulb/web of the beamsjrib of box girders, such reinforcement being not less than 0.3 per cent of the cross sec- tional area of the bulb/web in plan for mild steel and 0.18 per cent for HYSD bars respectively. Such reinforcement shall be as far as possible uniformly spaced along the length of the web. In the bulb portion, the cross sectional area of bulb in plan shall be taken, In all the corners of the section, these reinforcements should pass round a longitudinal bar having a diameter not lesss than that of the vertical bar or round a group of tendons. For tee- beams, the arrangement in the bulb portion shall be as shown in Fig. 2. . 15.3. Longitudinal reinforcements provided shall not be less than 0.25 per cent and 0.15 per cent of the gross cross sectional area of the section for mild steel and HYSD bars respectively, where the specified grade of concrete is less than M 45. In case the grade of concrete exceeds M45, the provision shall be increased 6 IRC: 18-1985 to 0.3 per cent and 0.18 per cent respectively. Such reinforce- fuent shall as far as possible be evenly spaced on the periphery Non-prestressed high tensile reinforcement can also. be reckoned for the purpose of fulfilling the requirement of this clause. 15.4, For solid slabs and top and bottom slabs of box girders, the top and underside of the slabg shall be provided with rein- forcement consisting of a grid formed by layers of bars. The minimum steel provided shail be as follows: (For solid slabs and top slab of box girders: 0.3 per cent and 0.18, per cent of the gross cross sectional area of the slab for MS and HYSD bars respectively, which shall be equally distributed at top and bottom. Gi) For sofit slab of box girders: ‘The longitudinal steel shall be at least 0.18 per cent and 0.3 per cent of sectional area for HYSD and MS bars respectively. The minimum transverse reinforcement shall be 0.3 per cent and 0.5 percent of the sectional area for HYSD and MS bars respectively. The minimum reinforcement shall be equally distributed at top and bottom, 15.8. For cantilever slab minimum reinforcement of 4 nos. of 16 mm dia HYSD bars or 6 nos. of 16 mm dia MS bars should be provided with minimum spacing at the tip divided equally between the top and bottom surface parallel to support. the nomenclature “untensioned steel”, this provision of yy be utilised for ‘withstanding all “action affects, 16. COVER AND SPACING OF PRESTRESSING STEEL 16.1. The nominal clear cover measured from outside of sheathing shall be as follows: 16.1.1, For moderate conditions the clear cover shall be 50 mm. 16.1.2, For severe exposure conditions such as_members located in coastal areas, members exposed to salt water, sea spray, chemical vapour, contact with earth, etc. the clear cover shall be 60 mm. 16.1.3, Clear cover shall be provided to untensioned rein- forcement, including links and stirrups when using the indicated ade of ‘concrete under particular condition of exposure as given in Table 10. 27IRC: 18.1985 ‘Tante 10 “Concrete Mix —~S”~“~*~“~*~St th MO ~*CM A OVE “Conditions of exposure __—-Nominaleoverimmm Moderate 30 3 Severe © 30 ‘Notes () At each end of a reinforcing bar aominal cove sal ot be less a than twice the diameter of such bar. For portions of sruetares in contact with water, where the yelo- hy nd bed material re tely to, atue erosion of coneet he condition of expoute tal be asimed f0 be severe. 16.2. A. minimum clear distance of 50 mm or 10 mm in excess of the largest size of aggregate used or diameter of the duct, whichever is greater, shall be maintained between individual cables when grouping of cables is not involved. 16.3. Grouped Cables 16.3.1. Grouping of cables shall be avoided to the extent possible. If unavoidable, only vertical grouping of cables, upto 2 cables may be permitted as shown in Fig. 3. The minimum clear facing between groups shall be diameter ofthe duct or 89 mm or 10 mm in excess of the largest size of the aggregate, whichever is greater. Note : to case of asgressive 1 geier avoided. ‘This may be achieved Srands, 16.3.2, Individual cables or ducts of grouped cables shall be deffected or draped in the end portions of members. The clear spacing between cables or ducts in the end one metre of the members as specified in Clause 16.2. shall be maintained. 16.4, The placement of cables or ducts and the order of stressing and grouting shall be so arranged that the prestressing steel, when tensioned and grouted, does not adversely affect the adjoining ducts. ronment, grouping of exbles should be allo- Fea By fife ee of high capacity 17, END BLOCKS 17.1, End. block shall be designed to distribute the concen- trated prestressing force at the anchorage, It shall have sufficient area to accommodate anchorages at the jacking end and shall referably be as wide as the narrowest flange of the beam. sngth of end block in no case shall be less than 600 mm nor less than its width. The portion housing the anchorages shall as far as possible be precast. 28 IRC: 181985 8 8 O Offa iB o oft 8 8 + a © + ke dob 4 Aeht a H4e bh chi a He 2.5430 mu of 10 mm in exces ofthe largest size o us or dumotr of dont whichever preaer S* * £50 mim, the value of to be increased by 10mm for severe exposure conditions Fig. 3 17.2, | The bursting forces in the end blocks, should be asses- sed on the basis of the ultimate tensile strength. The bursting fensile force, Fist, existing in an individual square end. block loaded by a symmetrically placed square anchorage or bearing plate, may be derived from Table 11; where 2 Ys is the side of end block 2 Yoo is the side of loaded area Pris the load in the tendon assessed as above is the bursting tensile force. Tanus 11, DESIGN BURSTING TENSILE FORCES IN END BLOCKS 03 04 Os O8 O77 023 020 aut O14 att ‘Notes :() For Intermediate values linear interpolation may be made, (G) The values the table above generally hold good for internal ancho- rage, rages the may be increased by 29IRC: 1841985 This force, Foyt, will be distributed in a region ‘extending from 0,2 Yo to 2Yo fiom the londed face ofthe end Block as shown in Fig 4, Fost + vee LA Pi im Spot tpot — Fig. 4 Reinforcement provided in this region to sustain the bursting tensile force may be calculated based on a tensile strength of 0.87 Jp. except that the stress should be limited to a value correspon- ‘ding to. a strain of 0.001 when the concrete cover to the reinforce- ment is less. than 50 mm. In the rectangular end blocks, the bursting tensile forces in the two principal directions should be assessed on the similar basis asin Table 11. When circular anchorages or. bearing ‘plates are used, the side of the equivalent square area should be derived. Where groups of anchorages ot bearing plates occur, the ‘end block should:be divided into a series of symmetrically loaded prisms and each prism treated in the above manner. In detailing the reinforcement for the end block as a whole, it is necessary to ensure that the groups of anchorages are appropriately tied together. Special attention should be paid to end blocks having a cross section different in shape from that of the general cross section of the beam and reference should be made to specialist 30 IRC: 1861985 literature. Compliance with the above requirements will generally ensure that bursting tensile forces along the loaded axi are provided for. In case where large concentrated tendon forces are involved alternative methods of design based on specialist lite- rature and manufacturer's data may be more appropriate. 17.3. Consideration should dlso be given to the spalling tensile stresses that occur in end blocks. Where the anchorge or bearing plates are highly eccentric, these stresses reach a maximum atthe loaded face. The end face of anchorage zone shall be continuously reinforced to prevent edge spalling. Reinforcement shall be placed as close to the end face as possible. 18, THICKENING OF WEBS OF GIRDERS The thickening of webs of girders towards the end blocks shall be achieved gradually witha splay in plan of not more than 1 in 4, Suitable thickening for isolated anchorages away from the end blocks shall be made whenever necessary to reduce stress concentration. 19, INTERMEDIATE ANCHORAGES The number of anchorages of cables/tendons which are stres- sed from the deck slab commonly known as intermediate anchor- ages shall be kept to the minimum possible with a view to prevent the possibility of ingress of water inside the cable through such intermediate anchorages during construction (before grouting). Suitable protective measures shall be adopted, such as providing sheathing around the cablesjtendons projected beyond the anchor- sages and sealing the junction filing the niches temporarily by ean concrete, threading the cable just before stressing, etc. Where inter- ‘mediate ‘anchorages are embedded in concrete, adequate rein- forcement shall be provided to cater to local splitting forces and adverse stress conditions, that may develop. 20, SPLAY OF CABLES IN PLAN AND MINIMUM RADIUS (OF CABLES IN ELEVATION The splay of cables in plan, for bringing them from their position in the bottom flange at mid-span into the web towards the Supports shall not be more than 1 in 6. The points of splay shall be sultably staggered on both sides of the longitudinal centre line of the web of the girder. In general, the radius of cables in elev: shall not be less than 1.5 m+700d, where d, is the diameter of the wire or strand in mm as the case may be. 31IRC: 18-1985 21, SLENDER BEAMS ‘The handling and erection of slender beams need special care. It is normally safe to erect such beams without reducing the Permissible stress when the ratio of span to the width of top flange does not exceed 60 and further when the width of top flange is not less'than one-fourth the depth of the beam. When the above conditions are not satisfied, adequate temporary restraints. shall be provided and the permissible stresses reduced suitably. 22, EMERGENCY CABLES/STRANDS Besides the design requirements, additional cables/strands shall be.symmetrically placed in the structure so as to be capable of generating prestressing force of about 4 per cent of the total design Prestressing force in the structure. those cables which are Tequired to make up the deficiency shall be stressed and the remainder pulled out and the duct hole shall be grouted. 23, GROUTING OF CABLES A recommended practice for grouting of cable is given at Appendix 2. 32 IRC: 18.1985 Appendix. 1 ‘TESTS ON SHEATHING DUCTS eae eee eee eee shat - ° 2 Atleast 3 samples for one fot of suply (aot exceeding 7000 mete te ‘shall be tested. ke 3. The teste are applicable for: 3th) eathing, transported 0 site in sraight lengths where the prestressing cable. is. threaded inside. the sheathing prior to concreting. ‘These tests are not applicable. for sheatbing and cable colled and transported to site’ as an ‘amembled unit, nor for shestbing docts placed ia position without threading of prestesing cable prior fo con Grating. 4. WORKABILITY Test ‘A test sample 1100 mm long is soldered 10 4 Axed bate pate with solder ig 3). Fhe sample's hen bento a rads of 1800 at ‘Sther sei Compite Seles ‘Thereafter, the seling joints will be visually inspected to verify that no {allure or openiog has taken place. 5. TRANSVERSE LOAD RATING TEST The test ensures, that stiffness of the sheathing. is tuflcient to prevent permanent distortion during site handli The sample is placed on a horizontal support $00 mm long so that the sample is supported Rtall points of outward corrugations, Allond as, specifed in Table 12s applied gradualy at the centre of the supported portion through a circular contact surface of 12 mm g. Couplers shalibe placed ‘20 that the load is applied approximately at the centre of 0 corrugations, Fig. 6, The load as specified below ie applied in increments. Tamun 12 Dia: 25mm 35mm 4mm Ssmm mm 7Smm sSmm to t to to t © to 35mm 4mm sSmm 6mm 75mm %Smm 9mm Load: -250N 400N S00N 600N 700 800N 1000N ‘The sample is considered acceptable if the permanent deformation i less ‘than 5 per cent. 3Re: 18-1985 IRC: 18-1985 Wwecoed wiry vee Ea eee Fig. 5. Workability test PLAN So EL cre anette ina | a io ata, | Fle Tanvere oat 34 35IRC: 18-1985 6, TENSION LOAD TEST ‘The test specimen is subjected toa tensile load. The hollow core is filed with « wooden circular piece having a diameter of 95 per cent of the inner dia of the sample to ensure circular profile during test loadlag, Fig. 7. EX” Fig. 7. Tension load test A coupler is screwed on and the sample loaded in increments, tll specified load.” Ifno deformation of the joints ‘nor sippage of couplers is. noticed, the teat shall be considered satisfactory : Dia in mm Load 251035 300 N 35 t0 45 500 N Bos 300 N B06 1100 N B08 1400 N 751088 1600 N 35 1090 1800 N IRC: 18.1985 7. WATER-LOSS TEST ‘The sample is sealed at one end. The sample is filled with water and afer the ead connected to 8 sytem capable of applying a pessurcot0.S MPa, Fig Sand Kept constant for 3 migules, hand pump and pressure _gtue or stand pipe system can be used. ie Cine @ sidomn ton Fig, 8. Test for water loss study “The sample is acceptable ifthe water loss does not exceed 1.5 per cent of the volumes “Phe volume i worked out as follows = es Another sample $00 mm long is sealed at one end and the volume of holiow space arrived at by pouring water from a measuring cylinder. ‘The computation of relative profile volume is worked out as follows : Va — Premeasured quantity of water in @ measuring eslinder ¥%4 — Balance quantity of water left in the eylinder after completely fing ofthe test sample ‘Actual Volume ‘Vs! = Vs ” gh Retave Profle Volume'= Vr — Ee" Sar nem where / is fength of specimen and. fernal nominal dia, of sheathing. 37inc: 18-1985 Appendix 2 ‘IECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR GROUTING OF POST TENSIONED CABLES IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES 1, GENERAL, 1.1, The recommendations cover the cement grouting of post-tensioned tendont of ‘prestressed concrete members of bridges. This also covers some of she esteatial protective measures to be adopted for minimising corro- ges. sion in PSC bri ‘The purpose of grouting i to provide permanent protection tothe post {ensloncd steel against Corrosion and to Bevelop bond between the presces: slag tel and the surrounding srucoral concrete. ‘The. grout eutures tocnscment of stcel_in an" alkline environment for corrosion proteetion Sna'by ling the duct space, ft prevents water coletion tad freeing, 2. MATERIALS 24. Water Only clean potable water. free from impurities conforming to Clause 3:3. ‘ofthis criteria shall be permitted. No sea or creek water isto be used acall, 2.2. Coment Ordinary Portland Cement should be used for preparation of the grout. should be as fresh at possible and free from any lumps. Pozzolana cement shall not be used, 23, Sand tis not, recommended to use sand for grouting of prest tendons. In ease the internal diameter of the. ducts exceed 150 mm, use of fand may bbe considered. Sand, if used, shall conform co 1S: 363 and, shall pass through IS Sieve No.” 150, ‘The. weight of sand in the grout shall not be ‘more than 10 per cent of the weight of cement, unless proper workability ‘can be entured by addition of sultable plasticizers. 24. Admixtares Acceptable admixtures conforming to 1S:9102 may be used if tests have ‘town that their use improves the properties of grout, ic. increasing fuidity, reducing bleeding, entraining air or expanding the grout. Admixtures must ot contain chloride, atates, upc, siphites or any ‘thet producis ‘which are likely to damage the steel or grout,” Whea an expanding ageat Js'used, the total “unrestrained expansion should not exceed 10 per cent. ‘Aluminium powder as an expanding agent is not recommended for grou- ting because its long term effects are not feee from doubt. 25. Sheathiag 25.1. For specifications of sheat 1o. (Clause 3.6. of this criteria may be referred 38 IRC: 18-1985 25.2. Grout openings or vents @) All ducts should have grout openings at both ends, For this pu pose special openings should be provided where such openings are no Wallbie at "ond “anchorages. For draped. (curved) cabi thould have a grout veal. "For draped cables longer than Bom grout. vents or drain. holes may be provided at or meat the Jowett points, It is. good. practice (0. provide additional air vents Atultabieiatervals. All grout openings or Veni8 should inclade Provisions for preventing grout leakage (b) Standard details of xing, couplers, inlets, oulets and air vents :o (©) fhe ductanchorage_ shall be. followed as. recommended by the sup> Plier ofthe system of restressng. 253. Dust should be smucly fastened at clos intervals. ll unintended oles of openings in the duct must be repaired prior 0 concrete placing, ‘The joints of the couplers and the sheathing should be made water proof by use of tape or similar ‘uitable system capable of giving leak proof Joints, “Grout. openings and. vents must be securely anchored (0 the Guctand to either. the forms. or to reinforcing. steel io prevent displ ‘concreting ‘operations due’ © Weight, buoyancy aod 254, Ducts requite very careful handling as, being of thin metal, they are susceptible to leakage due to corrosion in transit or storage, by tearing Epping in banding parieuarly when placed adjoining orenoreng sich ‘y pulling apart of joints while inserting. tendons prior to concreting, 01 by acidentalpunctring whe deling for form, Duct tiso liable to Gamage by rough use of internal il ‘welding being done close by. 3. EQUIPMENT 3.1. Grout agitator It is essential that the grout is maintained ina homogenous state and of Uniform. consisteney 0 that. there. Is no separation of cement. It is, therefore, neeewsary that the grout be “continuously. agitated by a suitable miner with'a mintaum speed of 1000 RPM and travel of discharge not exces 1S'm per second. 32. Groat pump ‘The pump should be a positive displacement type and. should be capable of inetng te aroun comnin operation and not by wt of pul, ‘Pisipeebt panyp cust be Steed witha presure geuge to enable pressure Stingetiog to be controled, ‘The minimum pressure at whieh grout should Beibieped. ‘Shall be 0.5 MPa and the grout, pump must have relief Re Eagtaent for bypass of the grout in caseof build up of prassure beyond TMS The capucy ofthe grout pump should be” such as to achieve 8 forward speed of grout of around 5 Nod metres per minute. The slower Tatars prefabs iney fede ie potlblly of oearenee of. vod ithe capacity of the pump i large, if usual fo grout two or more cables Hmueneously through « common roaniele. se of hand pumps for grouting is not recommended. Use of compressed Nfoperated equipment for injetion is prohibited as it is ikely” that there Shi'Be some ait entrapped in grout 39IRC: 18-1985 3.3, Water sump Before commencement of grouting, a stand by diceet feed high pressure ‘aler pump ould be avalabe at te for an tmergency. a fase’ of any Problem in grouting the ducts, such pump shall immediatly be connected {he doc and all grout ashes by ut of teh presure water Aapbag. Iti therefore necewary to ave adequate Morage of lead potable water (oF ‘eration of the water pump for such emergencies, 34. Grout screen Tie growing equipment should contain a seen having a mesh sie of 1S: 06 AS:150°Sr Sand is ‘ed "Peon introduction ito the arout pump. {he out shouldbe passed ‘rough such aceen. This screen should Be casly accesible for Inspection and cleaning. 35. Conncetions ond air vents Standard details of fixing inlets, outlets, and air vents to the sheathing and] or anchorage should be followed as recommended by specialist upper of the system of prestressing. “Tn general, all connections are to be of the “Quick couple” tz and at change of diameters suitable reducers are to be 4. PROPERTIES OF THE GROUT 4.1, Waterjesment ratio should be as low as postble, consistent with work- ability." This ratio should bot normally exceed 63+ 42. Before grouting, the properties of the grout mix should be tested ina laboratory depending on the facilities available, "Tests should be conducted for each job periodically. The recommended testis described below. 421, Comroghe mg Tie compeie sno mm ef aS iota uae san aang at Eto atmpnae Seite Wala noatamnnere SSNS SI Sen Ra Se 5. MIXING OF GROUT 1. Proportions of mate ald be bated om ld inl made oie gout foe commencement of yrouing, Dut subject (0 the limit specified above, ‘The materials should be measured by weight. see 52. Water should be edded to the mixer first, followed by Portland cement and Sand, if used. Admixtue if any, may be added as recommended by the ‘mianufacturer, 53. Mixing time depends upon the type of the mixer but will normally be between 2and 3 minutes, Howover, mixing should be for such a duration to obtain uniform and thoroughly blended grout, without excessive tempe: ‘ature increase or loss of expansive properties of the admixtures. ‘The grout should be continuously agitated until iis injected. 5A, Once mixes, no water shall be ded to the grout to increate its fluidity. . 5.5. Hand mixing is not permitted, IRC: 18-1985 6. GROUTING OPERATIONS be carried out as early as possible but not later than of sessing a tendon. Whenever this stipulation cannot. be ‘complied with for unavotdable reasons, adequate temporary protection gf the steel against corrosion by, methods ex products which will not Impair ‘the ultimate adherence of the injected grout should be ensured LP routing, The sealing ofthe anchorage ends afer concreting is considered to be a good practice to prevent ingress of water. For Structures. ia” aggressive environment, sealing of the anchorage end is ‘mandatory. Notes: 1. Application of some patented water soluble oils for coating of steel! 62. VBP powder injection/tending. in of hot, dry, ol ree compressed ait through “the Vents at frequent intervals have shown some good result 2 Some, ofthe methods egammended for sealing of anchorage at 0 ithe openings wit, bitumen impregnated: gunoy bag. or Water Proof paper or by building a brick pedestal plastered Cn ll aces Enelosing the exposed wires outside the snchorages ) Any. traces of oil if applied to. sicel_for preventing corrosion ‘2 should be removed before grouting operation. (© Ducts shall be flushed with water for cleaning as wel ofthe duet wal.” Water used for ahing shold eo iy a8 used for grouting. It may, however, contain aboot 1 per Gant of slaked ime or Quick Ine. All water shouldbe drained thfowgh the lowest drain pipe or by blowing compressed ait throveh the Just. (4) The water in the duct should be blown out with oi free compressed Blowing out water from duet for cables longer than 50 m draped up at both ends by ‘compressed ai is not effective, outle|vent provided at (or near the lowest point shall be used to drain out water from duct. (© The connection, belveea the nozale of she injection pipe and duct i. ‘should be such that air cannot be sucked in. cluding vent openings should be kept open prior to injection grout. (All outlet points Before grouting all ait inthe pump and hose shouldbe expelled, The ST ‘suction circuit of the pump should be air-tight. Injection of grout (@) After mixing, the grout should be kept in continuous movement, (©) Injection of grout must be continuous and should not be interrupted, © For vertcial cable or cables inclined more than 60° to the horizontal {pletion should’ be eeecd fom the lowest anchorage oF vent ofthe (@) The method of injection should ensure complete fing of the duets ‘To verity this, iis advisable to compare the volume of ibe space be filled by the'injected grout with the quantity of grout actually injected atIRC: 18-1985 IRC: 18-1985 (©) Grouting should be commenced initially with & low pressure of injection nue of jupto 0.3 MPa increasing. it until the grout comes out at the other | end. The grout should. be allowed (0 low freely from the other end zmnel Until the consistency of the grout at this end fs the same as that of the o {rout at the injection end... When the grout flows at the other endy it 2 ~ should be closed off and build up of pressure commenced. Full Injec: Lsow nomovon wim coureesseo 4 tion prossure at about 0.5 MPa sball’be maintained. for at least onc ‘minute before closing the injection pipe, It is a recommended prac. lice to provide stand pipe at the highest point of the tendon pre Sle to hold all water displaced by sedimentation or bleeding. It there is a build up of pressure much in ‘excess of | MPa, without flow 9f grout coming atthe other end, the grouting Operation should be iscontinued and the entire duct flushed. with high pressure water, Also, the bypass. system indicated in para'3.2. above's essential for farther safety. t PAL over witw waren (O) lathe case of cables draped downwards e.g. in cantilever construc tion simultaneous: injection from both ends may be adopied Fig. 9. (8) Grout not used within 30 minutes of mixing should be rejected. (H) Disconnection is facilitated if@ short length of flexible tube connects the duct and injection pipe. This canbe squeezed and cut off after I the grout has hardened, 7. PRECAUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE GROUTING "SER CB STRED WAFER (#) In cold and frosty weather, injection should be postponed, unless Sposa pecations arctica, {ton Bombs Boebenes, unl bare alter jetion ‘pat ‘tst ue apoieds the meer Sa ae eee Biained for teat" hors ane iaeton so aris esc oe ee Sr he grout docs sar fall beiow 3 Paige i cosas ae neo aaa Le ELS RSE, iret be taken to ene Tha he duet commen hae ota aS crit A Pee te SS ice oy Busing mith watt wate bu sot ate ttre oeriow en (8) When te ambient temperatre during the dy i kel exceed 40°C, » grote shout bs Jon ters eee ae ache | legen a (©) When the cables are, sreaded after concreting, the duct must be or ee RE © (Miporarty protected aut cedate, conereing the duct must be | 3 Se tan wea Roos Th rigid PVC pipe or any other suitable method. = (4) During concreting, care shall be taken to ensure thatthe sheathing £ (© ptt dtmaged sede Vibrators thal be na vies ae ‘ell experienced staf only, to ensure the above reqlremcmi / oer tice to move the cables in both directions during the wage oe ge Dor anoa nome os orig anton, thn gan cal be done ae the ends: of the wiresstrands” during conerstny in 9 eto ater neti ie cle thn ways through distance of about z0eme, With suck movements Soy leakage of’ menor which has taken place tarspie ofeh Seat loses ‘bond ‘with. the cables, hus FeGusing the chance of blockages TS gpeacon ca ale’ bs done by Hume restcnng eck a pling the entire cable and then repeating the operat by ining the fck atthe other end Pe gO ie ALL vats ano BEREAGE uum PRERSUaL AT BOTT Bios wise sie Ba easel rom ar Fig. 9. Procedure for grouting of cables draped downwards 4a yiIRC: 18-1985 (The eables to be grouted should be separated by as uch distance as cut ae parang a eed nthe. ss EL ule darausg cic o a ea Se tl ib ee eee saree det Wine ad Sane removed with compressed air to prevent corrosion, Nord and Gi Cate should be taken to avoid lets ffom one duc to another at joints of precast members, ‘te (), Epd faces where anchorages are located are vunerable points of ete of water. “They have te be necessary’ protested. with an eflcesve barrier, Recestes should be packed with mortar concrete and show Prefersbly be painted with water proof pai. 19) Aer grouting is completed, the projecting portion ofthe vents Should feo off andthe face proveted fo prevent corrosion. PO 2». 31 3. 35. 36. 37. 38. 2» a. 2 4“. a 4s. 6 a. 48. 0 50 31. 32. IRC : 18.1985 LN. Reddy Dr, P, Ray Chaudhuri L.N. Reddy Consultants Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad Head Bridges Division, Central Road Rescarch Institute YV. Sankara tyer ‘Chie Engineer, (Const) P.W.D. Trivandrum 5. Seetharaman hie Engineer (Bridges), Ministry of ‘Transport, Separaneat of Sure Prangport” ms N. Seo ‘Advises, Consulting. Serves Cndia) Pvt. Ltd, ‘New Delhi 0 7 MC. Sharma Crit Enginer, Rajasthan P.W.D. B&R ‘Shitata Saran Technical Adviser to the Chief Minster of Ustar Prades Surject Si DRO-cum-Superatending Engineer, Anandpur oe Bak Bridge Construction, Patiala JS. Sodhi Cheif Engineer Bout), Pani, P.W.D. R&B G. Raman Director (Civil Bagg, Indian’ Standards Luatiue tion TIN, Subba Rao Managing Director, Gammon India Limited, Bombay. Prof & Head of Civil Engg. Deptt, College of ‘Engineering, Kakinada (A P ) ° ie Engineer, PW 2. K&B (NH) Andica Pradesh ‘Asstt Dicctor, Structural Engineering. Research Coote, Roorkze ietor Cdn, Directorate General Border SS, Dhanjal MK. Konndinya ‘Chief Engineer (D), Central Design Organisation CP.W.D. DJ. Ketkar Cemendia Co. Ltd., Bombay Baldev Sarma Superintending Engineer Bridge oesign, Assam P.W.D. Gauhati Dr. AK. Mullick National Counc for Cement and Building iector (NHPD-1), Central Water Commission, 1. Suiryanarayanae Row ait AG. Borkar ‘Superintending Engineer, Design Circle, P.W.D., Maharasira ‘he Presiden, Indian Roads Compress (K:Toog Pang Ao) -Exalilo rector General (Road Development) & Addl. Secretary Wine Gow oto. CK: Sarnl Ecole The Seereary. Tadlan Roads Congres (Ninan Kosi “Broilo