AMC 8 Preparation 1. BASIC KNOWLEDGE Abbreviations: Perimeter = P. Area = 4 or S Length =/ Height =) Circumference = C Radius =r Side lengths of a polygon = a, b, ¢, ... Basic Formulas for Perimeters and Arcas Triangle: Perimeter of a triangle: P=a +b +c Area of a triangle: 4 = 5h » Ay is the height on the side 5. Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area Width = w For an equilateral triangle (three sides have the same length, a), the area is A= Height Height Base Heron Formula Area of a triangle with sides a, b, and c: Height Base A=,/s(s—a)(s—b)(s—c) , where s = 5a +b+c) and a, b, and ¢ are the three sides. Scanned with CamScannerV7 Ay Shapter t Perimeter a = nue ee Shanice Reister and oe angte ACIS toon’. Dand £ ate midpointy of ay Cage that AE's J om, What is the aneg Et ayopenanasies a oe ws wa (a AN BC. Connect GD and GE. Ban ADEE S ARO, Metse Sys Stee DER Tinie de Sad an Nowe that Fear be any the area of a right triangle whose legs measure 10 em and 18 BwWer CWem? (O)60em — (E) 30 em? ee Gre tiangle is a right triangle, any of vo lee. : cider leg will he the base. * Sang! y of the two legs can be the height and the x10x18=90. Example 3 If BD = ofeiengle 48. PCsad the area of the triangle ABD is 8 cm’, find the area bak 2 d = 8 “OO Mom" (D) 32cm?) 4 om? ‘ Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparation Chapter I Perimeter and Area Solution: A. Since triangles ABD and ADC have the same height and the same base, their areas are the same. Ayig- = Aggy + Aye =8+8=16. Example 4. The area of a triangle is 24 square units, and its base is 6 units. How ‘many units are in the length of the height ? (Ay24 (B) 12 (©10 (Dy8 (£)6 Solution: D. 1 A= 3hhs 1 24 = 5 6%, > Example 5. Find the area of the triangle with the side lengths of 21, 28, and 35. (A) 84 (B) 42 (C) 144 (D) 288 — (E) 294 Solution: E. Method 1: 4 Perimeter = 21 +28 + 35= 84. soa A= {s(s—ays—b(s —c) = (42(42—21)(42— 28)(42—35) = 294 Method 2: The triangle is a right triangle with two legs of 21 and 28. The area is 1 91x28 = 294. Azlbxh 2 Rectangle and Parallelogram: Perimeter: P = 2(L + W) Area: A=Lx W Scanned with CamScannerChapter 1 Perimeter and Area AMCS. n 7 riangles added together. This can be thought as the area of two triangles a Height “7 Width re (Height) Base Length (Base) ; i i i ii ways: In the parallelogram ABCD, T is any interior point, we have alway: 2 1 A Ssraw + Ssren = 5% Sanco Area of A Rectangle with Four Cut Areas The rectangle is divided into four rectangles with areas as shown. The following relationship is true: axc =) x d Example 6. (AMC 12) A large rectangle is partitioned into four rectangles b two segments parallel to its sides. The areas of three of the ¥ resulting rectangles are shown, What is the area of the fourth 6] 14 rectangle? (A) 10 (B) 15 (20 @)21 @ 25 * | 35 Solution: B. Method 1 (our solution): 6x35=14 xx > x= 15, Method 2 (official solution) so. Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Arena Rectangles of the same height have areas proportional to their ? . so the required area is 15. bases, a and b. Hence © = “= 14 6b 35 Method 3 (official solution) We can prove that the product of the areas of the diagonally ab opposite rectangles is the same: If segment lengths are x,y, uand vas shown, then the product of the areas of the lower left and upper right is (xv)(yu) and the product of the other areas is (xu)(yv). Since (35)(6) = (14)(?), the area of the fourth rectangle is (35)(6)/14 = 15 Method 4 (official solution) For the given data, we can find the answer by factoring the Solera areas. Since rectangles of the same height have areas proportional to their bases, the unknown area is rs = 3: This factoring method will not work for all given dat 16 is substituted for 14. The Pick’s Law (Finding the area of the region bounded by grids) For unit rectangular grid: Area = 2 -1 For unit triangular grid: Area = B+2/—2 B: Number of boundary points. /: Number of interior point. yExample 7. (AMC 8) The horizontal and vertical distances between adjacent 1 unit. The area of triangle ABC is points equal (C)3/4 (D)1 (5/4 (A) /4 (B) 12 Solution: B. Method 1 (official solution): Saase: = Saave ~ Saunt ~ 2Saro0 ~ Save Scanned with CamScanner~ Chapter 1 Perimeter and Arey AMC 8 Preparation > Sapker t Perimeter and Arey 1 1 rie xdx3-gx9x2— 245 x12 5% 5 I 3} Method 2 (our solution): 3 = By Piok’s Law, drea == +0-1= ¥ Example 8. What is the area enclosed by the geoboard quadrilateral below? (16 @)18 (©)20 (D)25_ (21 eee: Solution: D, eee eee wt B=6,1=23, ee aa By Pick's Theorem, Area =2.47-1 = ; bod 6 uf ae drea= 5423-1225. go : Example 9, A rectangle is cut from the corner of a larger rectangle as shown, How many feet are in the perimeter of the shape? a (A) 24 (B) 22 ©20 M8 10 Solution: B. f A good way to solve this problem is to Move two red colored sides to each end. (Note the Perimeter does not change before and after moving). After doing that, a Tectangle is formed with known side lengths, The perimeter is P=AL4 W)=26 +5) =o, 6 5 Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area sx Example 10. (AMC 8) The area of polygon ABCDEF is 52 with AB = 8, BC = 9 and FA = 5. What is DE + EF? A 8 (A)7 @)8 (C9 (D) 10 @®u 9 Solution: C. Fe Method | (official solution): Ic Rectangle ABCG has area 8 x 9 = 72, so rectangle FEDG has area 72 —52=20. 4 8 B The length of FG equals DE=9 — 5 =4, so the length of EF is 20/4 = 5. 9 Therefore, DE+ EF=4+5=9, Method 2 (our solution): Extend FE to meet BC at G. ED=9-5=4, EG=8-x, Rectangle ABFG has area 5 x 8 = 40, so rectangle FGDG has area 52 —40 = 12. F So (8-x)x4=12 = x=5. p— Therefore, DE + EF=4+5=9. Example 11. What is the minimum number of 1cm square tiles that would cover this figure? em 2om (A) 48 (B)22 (C)36.— (D) 100 (E) 60 gon gem Solution: B. San atb+c=4x14+5x2 +4x2 = 44+10+8=22 cm’, lem 2cm PB] 2cm | 4cmlal-——4] 6 o o 8em Scanned with CamScannerLE Chapter 1 Perimeter an ca AMCS Preparation. 1 o Horne) Fevmmmpte 12. ABC) tea eh O88 ma i Band E are the centers of the ates ectively. Bind the shaded ared (we (se (pyle resp (v6 ay le Solutions C. The shaded area is the samme as the tt & rea of the f Example 13, Square ABCD has midpoints 2.4, ud by: three 4 2 small rectangles, roo poand FC. " rectangle MIGE Gand 1, AB = 15 centimeters, Find the area of the shaded interior square in square centimeters, 4 i 7 (46 (B49 (CAS (D) SG (HY SS Solution: C, The shaded area is tS 7 = bitsxiseas, Trapezoid: (b+) “yO h Atea of'a Trapezoid: A = This can be thought EB AT va, as the area of two tri angles ad, S Added to, ether Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Pi i reparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area Bue? (by) a e Height / h peeeerona G&G Example 14, What is the number of square centimeters in the area of the trapezoid shown? 6cm (A)36 (B)38. (C40 (D) 48H) 56 Solution: A. 12 Area of a Trapezoid: m b +b, 6 a-t 5 BrP), . Ce) a= 9x4=36. Example 15. (AMC 8) In trapezoid ABCD, AD is perpendicular to DC, AD = AB =3, and DC=6, Inaddition, ZisonDC,andBEis parallel to AD. Find the area of ABEC. (A3 B45 (6 WM) EIS 3 Solution: B. Method 1 (official solution) The area of the 4BEC is the area of the trapezoid ABCD minus the area of the square ABED. The area of ABEC is E2939 =13.5-9245. Method 2 (our solution): ABEC is an isosceles right triangle with two legs both + 3x measuring 3. So the area is A = =45. Scanned with CamScannerChapter 1 Perimeter and Area AMC 8 Preparation id Example 16,Find the area of the shaded region within the trapezoid if 4B = BC=8, CD= 10, and AB is perpendicular to BC. (A)88 (B40 (C60 (D) 44. (E) 20 ZA Solution: B. A a; Method 1: The area of the trapezoid is A= (Ont) 8 = 88. The area of the shaded region Sisco ~ Ssam: = 88-5 12x8 = 40 (units”). Method 2: Sauen + Sapue = px DEXBC +4 BC BC =3x BC x(DE+ EC) = $x8x10 =40 (units’). Rhombus: Perimeter of a rhombus: pe 4a (ais the side length), Area of a rhombus: 4 = 34 xd, (dy and dy are diagonals), SiS 10 Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area vx Example 17. (AMC 8) Points 4. B. C and D are midpoints of the sides of the larger square. If the larger square has area 60, what is the area of the smaller square? (A115 (B)20.- (C24 (D) 30 (E) 40 Solution: (D). Method 1 (official solution): \ 8 ¢ 4 Divide the larger square into $ congruent triangles, as shown, 4 of which make up the smaller square. The area of 8 the smaller square is 4/8 or 1/2 of the area of the larger se i square, so the area of the smaller square is equal to 30. Method 2 (our solution): Connect AC and DB. ABCD is a thombus. The area An hand, = bxdCxDB=3%60=30. » 8 “ Circle: (f Circumference (perimeter) C= 2ar radius seane\ stp “Ty Area of acircle: A=7r* aad an dis the diameter of the circle. d=2r — Sector: / Given a sector of a circle where / is the length of the are and I 8 Ais the area of the sector: eo LEE AE. al Scanned with CamScannerChapter 1 Perimeter ang Arey y A dius measures 4 cm? Example 18, What is the area ofacircle sas in rane (A) 16 (B) 187 (C) 20" ¢ Solution: A. A=rr =2x4 =167 om’, . 2. i i is 64a cm"? Example 19. What is the radius of a circle whose area 6 32 NB eee Solution: D. > A=nr =647 => Om=nxr > 64=9r serene Tae Oo Example 20, Find in terms of x the number of square inches in the area of the shaded region formed by the intersecting diameters of a circle with radius 6, (A) 16x. (B) 12x (C)20n (D) 64 (E) 360 Solution: B, The sum of the angles of the shaded sectors is 120°. The shaded area is: o 120 AG XO Hse 36x La 2p, vx Example 21. Four circles of radius 3 are drawn with t ofa square. The regions inside the sq quare are sh i the area of the shaded region, “ye. Fi he centers at the vertices ind (A) 36-247 (B) 36-127 (C) 36-92 (D) 81-127 (E) 81-97 Solution: C. RQ Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparati reparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area The four quarter-circles that lie inside the square have a nae: total area equal to the area of one of the circles, 9n.The + area of the square is (3 + 3)(3 +3) = 36. : The answer is 36 — 9n, SN \ | ( J fae ~ ) A ¥ Example 22. (AMC 10) Circles 4, B, and C each have radius 1. Circles A and B share one point of tangency. Circle C i i idpoii , -y. Circle C has a point of tangency with the midpoint of AB. What is the area inside circle C but outside circle Aand circle B? 4) 21-S bd x (A) 3 (B) 2 (2 () 7 +> oO Solution: C. Method 1 (official solution) Let D be the midpoint of AB, and let circle C intersect circles A and B at E and F, respectively, distinct from D. The shaded portion of unit square ADCE has area 1-4, as does the shaded portion E Ga F of unit square BDCF. The portion of the shaded region LW which is outside these squares is a semicircle of radius 1 id and has area z. The total shaded area is 2(1- *) + a =2. G Method 2 (official solution) Let D be the midpoint of AB, and let circle C intersect circles A and B at E and F, respectively, distinct from D. Let G be diametrically opposite D on circle C. The shaded area to the area of square DFGE, which has diagonal length 2. Its side length is 2 and its area is 2. 13 Scanned with CamScannerChapter 1 Perimeter and 4,, \ a AMC 8 Prepar: Method 3 (our solution) The shaded area = the area of circle C — 2x We only need to find x. > (P m A D A a D a | LN / 4 iB he D D The answer is axl 22-1) =2, Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Arca Example 23. ABCD is a square with vertex A at the center of the circle. AE = 10 in, What is the number of square inches in the area of ABCD? |) (A) 100, (B)50(C)25.(D) 8n_—(B) 12 E Connect AC. We see that AC, DB, and AE are all radius of the circle, So AC = DB = AE= 10. ‘pe 1 110 >) THUS Syn = SS yoy =A = 95 Kz" ey D, E, and F Example 24, The length of a side of equilateral triangle ABC is 12. are the midpoints of AB, BC, and AC , respectively. B A, B, and C are the centers of the circles that contain ares DF, DE, and FE, respectively. What is the area of D E the shaded region? (A) 72V3 - 187 (B) 36V3 -92 F G (©) 72V3 -97 (D) 36V2 - 187 (B) 36V3 -187 Solution: E. Shaded area sector CEF + the area of sector BDE) he area of triangle ABC ~ 3 * (the area of sector ADF )= 6 x1? =3 (Gx xAD?)= 363 -3x GE x6) = 36V3 -187. = the area of triangle ABC — (the area of sector ADF + the area of 15 Scanned with CamScanner> Chapter 1 Perimeter ang “I MC 8 Preparation, radius of each quarter circle is 6, What 7 Example 25, In the rectangle shown, the the area of the shaded region? 6 5 (A) 120 = 360 (B) 36x (C) 200 - 36 D) 120 -18s (D) 120-182 7 ‘ - 6 € (E) 40-367 Solution: E. A 6» Shaded area = the area of rectangle ABCD — 4 (the area of sector DEF) : = 2Ox12—4x Gx ex DF) = 240-367. DCE Ss 6 Cc Example 26, In square ABCD, AB = 1. BD and AC are ares of radius 1. Two D shaded areas are the same. Find the difference of the unshaded areas, (2-1. @-4, ©F-1 a z (1-2, 2-4. Solution: A. The areas of S; and S form a quarter circle: Sits=4 > -S The areas of S2 and Sis obtained by subtracting the quarter oj circle from the square: z z S+9= 1-2 > %=1-s-2. 4 ° 4 Therefore, the difference of the unshaded areas is: z Ble ~S=(2-9)-(-s-7)=7 1, S878) -s- 222 16 Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area Example 27. D and C trisect the arc of the half circle as shown in the figure. Find the shaded area if the area of the half circle is 9n. (A)3x (B)4x (sn (D) On (B) 2 | D Solution: A. Connect OD and OC. Since AD = DC = CB, cD//aB. Sroco = Suécd Therefore the shaded area is 1/3 of the area of the half circle: 91/3 = 37. 4rExample 28. Semi-circles of radius 2 and 3 are externally tangent and are circumscribed by a third semi-circle, as shown in the figure. Find the area of the shaded region. (A)3n (B)4x (C)6n_— (D)9n_— (EY 12 Solution: (C). We draw a new figure as shown. The diameter of the large circle is 6 + 4 = 10, so its radius is 5. Hence, the area of the shaded region in the new figure is (8) - (32) — 2 (2) = 1 (25- 9-4) = 120. The answer to the original problem is then 12n/ 2 = 6r. 17 3 2 | h Ws S 7 eee A Scanned with CamScannerChapter 1 Perimeter and Are, AMC 8 Prepar: PROBLEMS 7 i i this 1:4. What Problem 1. In the rectangle shown, the ratio of width to leng' a nr P of the rectangle is shaded? a (a8 (B) 20 O50 4 © Di ABD, Problem 2. If the area of rectangle ABCD is 24, find the area of A (A) 20 (B) 12 (C10 Ws @©6 BR a D A Problem 3. In rectangle ACDE, B lies on AC » DC=4 cm, and DE = 8 cm. Find E D the area of the shaded region. (A) 16cm? (B) 32cm? (C) 64 cm? (D) 8 cm? (E) 10 cm? AB a Problem 4. If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle j ; triangle? quilateral triangle is 60, what is the area of the (A) 200V3 (B) 100/3 (C)300 ©)400 (&) soz Problem 5. The sides of a triangle are 5, 12, and 13. What , 12, . What square units in the area of the triangle? ats the number of (78 (B) 30 (©) 121 156 315 Problem 6. What is the number of. Square centimeters in whose sides measure 8 cm, 15 om, and 17 cm? (A) 120 (B) 60 (C) 255 D 8 34 the area ofa triangle 18 Ae Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparati De yon. Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area Problem 7. In the figure shown, th . the lengths and widths of : D ate whole numbers. The areas of rectangles 4, Bandage 35, 45, and 36, ; f i ee 36, respectively. What is the area of the entire ; ; (A144 B) 121, C100 (Dy 162 oe D c %Problem 8. (AMC 8) Dots are spaced one unit apart, horizontally and vertically. The number of square units enclosed by the polygon. y . is (A) 5 (B)6 ()7 (Ds (9 Problem 9. How many inches are in the perimeter of the following figure? All angles shown are right angles. 8° (A) 38 (B) 32 (Q3. (D)48— (BE) 24. r a Problem 10. How many square feet are there in the house with the dimensions shown in the figure? 4 (A) 1468 (B) 1600 (C) 900 (D) 1000 (E) 1100 i" iz 29" i i the imeter of a rectangle is 46. The difference between tl oe What is the area of the rectangle? Ter and the width of the rectangle is 13. in (B) 92 (C) 36 (D) 100 (E) 90 19 Scanned with CamScannerChapter 1 Perimeter ang Are, AMC 8 Preparation below are right angles, find the number Problem 12. Given that all of the es of centimeters in the perimeter tO 126 (E) 128 8em (A) 136 (B) 129 (C) 125 ey 5, 23cm a Tem 16cm Problem 13. If the perimeter of trapezoid ABCD is 42 cm, what is the number of square centimeters in its area? A B (A) 120 (B) 100 (C) 140 (D)98_—(E) 106 2 0 Cc D Problem 14. As shown in the figure, the area of trapezoid ABCD is 36. What is the length of FB? 48 ®2 ©4 @M3 @s Zt f AF & 4D Problem 15. Trapezoid ACDE has bases of lengths | 6c 180 square centimeters. ABDE has the longer base of a ani20 em and area of trapezoid as one ofits sides. B les onthe other base, Find 4 Bc the number of square centimeters in the area of AEBD. (A)200 (B) 140 (©)100 (D)180—(&) 199. e D Problem 16. Find the area ofa shombus whose diagonals hy (18 (B)36.— (©)25. )100-&) 40 length 4 and 9, 20 Scanned with CamScannerAMC 8 Preparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area Problem 17. What is the radiu: whose perimeter is 642 cm? is of a circle who: (A)64 = (B)32, (C16 D)8 ) 128 Problem 18. If the circumference of a circle is 8x, what is its area? (A) 16 (B) 18x (C)20n (D) 64x (E) 49n Pees 19. In the figure, the center of the circle is O and AB is tangent to the circle at point B. What is the area of the shaded A B region? = (A) 363 - 242 (B) 36V3 - 127 Ko| (©) 72V3 -122 (D) 723-242 (E) 363-127 Problem 20. OA is the diameter of the smaller circle and the radius of the larger circle. How many square units are in the area of the shaded region? 4 (A) 16x (B) 8x (C)4n (D) 2a ()n Problem 21. Isosceles right triangle ABC has legs of length 4em with midpoints Dand E. Three circles with centers A, B and C, 5 respectively are drawn and the regions inside the triangle are shown. How many square centimeters are in the area of the shaded region? (A) 16-2 (B) 16-27 (D) 8-1 (E) 8 (C)8-20 4 G F Problem 22. A ‘square is constructed on diameter ‘AC such that the area of the square is equal to the area of the circle. What percent of AC is BC? 21 Scanned with CamScannerhapter 1 Perimeter and Area |. Cc AMC 8 Preparation. J] 3 3a es vz) oF OF © 2-5 ; DIN (A) Problem 23. The length ofa side of equilateral triangle ABC is 2. D, E, and F are the midpoints of 4B, BC, and AC , respectively. A, B, and B Care the centers of the circles that contain ares DF, DE, and FE, respectively. What is the area of the shaded region? D E (A) wi-4 (B) 2-3 a F c (© 23-2 Lz a ) 3-4 © V3-2 2 (a)72 36n ee . (B) 36+ > (©) 182-18 o IG. @)12n ©) 36-128 a A Cc Problem 25. Circle O has a di ; cn tameter of 20 cm and tl i quilateral. Find the percent of the circle that i ae areles shown are 133 yt vB > Os of-8 Vi 138 gi wi [\/\ OF ae O7-O \Y LY 22 a Scanned with CamScannerAMC8 Preparation Chapter 1 Perimeter and Area e, right triangle ABC with BC = 20 em, BDC is Problem 26. As shown in the figt 1¢ difference between two shaded areas Land a half circle with the diameter BC Il is 23. Find AC in terms of rx. B A sxProblem 27. A circle of radius 4 is inscribed in a semicircle, as shown. The area inside the semicircle but outside the circle is shaded. What fraction of the semicircle's area is shaded? 1 5a 2 oa eS 2 Oa OO] O= As BS Os O>, OF AB=4, In trapezoid ABCD, AD is perpendicular to DC, AD= yy Problem 28. ; dition, E is on DC, and BE is parallelto 44 OB and DC =8. Inad AD. Find the area of ABEC. (y4 @8 ©2 © 18 (E) 10 23 Scanned with CamScanner