Tilo pacCMOTpeHHOM CXe€Me B KOHI\CHTPHPOBaHHY!0 a30THYIO KHCIOTY TlepepaOaTBiBaeTCA AMIS 4aCTb OKCHOB a30Ta, a OCTAbHOe KONMYeCTBO cyKUT Mony@a6pukarom Jia npousBopcTBa pasOaBneHHoO (S0—55%-Hoit) a30THOH KHCHOTEI. O1HakO HUTPO3HBIe Fa3bl, BEIXOAALIWe 3 KOHeHCaTO- pos 7 H 8, MOXHO MOMHOCTHIO OKKCAHTS 10 WHOKCHAa a30Ta, C TanbHei- IUHM MOrOWleHHeM ero KOHUCHTPHPOBAaHHOM a3s0THOH KHCNOTOH B Mpotec- ce oxmaxmenua. B npouecce HarpeBaHHa HUTPO3HBIe Fa3bl BbILMAOTCA 13 pacrBopa u nepepabarsrpaioTca B aBTOKNaBe B 98%-Hy10 a30THY!O KHCHOTY. B TakoM BapHaHTe NpOw3BOACTBA B KOHLeHTPMpoBAaHHy!0 a30THY!O KHCHOTY MOXKHO Mepesectu 20 70% oxkcuyoB a30Ta H MMW 30% BEIZeNMTS M3 CKO- pocTHoro xonogqHABHHKa 5 B Bye pa3sbaBneHHo 30%-HoH KHCHOTEI. 10.6. HATPAT AMMOHHSA @u3nKo-xamuyeckue cBoiicrBa. Hurpar aMMoHHa (aMMOHHMHaa ce- smtpa) NH,NO;, Gecurernpie rurpockonwuHble Kpucramet. Temmeparypa nnagnenus 169,6°C, a Temneparypa kunenus 235°C. IIpu armociepHom AaBneHuH B uHTepBane oT —S0° C no Temneparypsi MlaBNeHusA CyllecTByeT B MATH kKpHctammHyeckHx cbopmax I—V (ra6x. 10.5), pasnwuaronaxca cTpyK- Typoli, ynenbubim oOGbeMoM HM ApyrumH cBolicrBaMH KpHcTasIoB. Ta6nuua 10.5. Coolicrsa kpucranmuyecknx Mogudaxanali uuTpsTa aMMonua Ky6myeckas 125,8—169,6 ul ‘Terparonanbnas 84,2-125,8 0,502 I PomGuyeckas 32,2—84,2 0,583 IV » or 32,2 70 -16,9 0,575 Vv Terparonanbuaa Hwxe -16,9 1,600 AH? nonamoppusx nepexogos IVS Ill 1,7 KJbx/mons, IIS I 13 kJx/Monp. B npoueccax nepexoga II — III, IV — III 1 IV > V o6bem aileMeHTapHow aveHKH yBenH4MBaeTca. Ta Moguduxanua IV: naornocts 1,725 rem’; C2 = 139,4 Thx/(Mone’K); AH. = 5,86 KJpx/Momb, AH’, = -365,7 KJbx/monb, AGS, = 184 KJbx/ Mom; Sy = 151,1 Thx/(Mone- K). Tina >xwakoro HuTpata aMMoHHa — nnoTHOCTE 1,436 r/c’ (170° C), 1,414 r/em? (220°C); 1 =5,71 MMac (170°C), 3,23 MIla-c (220°C); = 98,8 MH/m? (179° C), 98,4 MH/m2 (187°C); p = 2,5 Om-em (175° C). YpaBHeHva TemMeparypHoli 3aBHCHMOCTH JaBIeHHA mapa: Ig p (mM pr. cr.) = 10,708—4670/T (349—438 K), lg p (mM pr. cr.) = 9,987—4360/T (373—513 K). 549Xopowio pacTBopsetch B | | 169,6° Bone (puc. 10.97). Hanpumep, mpu 100°C B 1 xr Boge pac- TBopsetca Oonee 10 kr, a pH 50° C — 34,6; 25°C —21,2 u 0°C—11,9 kr Pacrsopsetca B .KHQKOM aMMHake — 39,1 B 100 r Boner npx 25°C. Pac- TBOpseTca Take B 9TaHONe, - 80 100 120 140 160 2 0 2 “4 exaroperype, °c MeTaHone H MMpHaHHe. B mpouecce arpepanna ron 200--270° C wasnaraerca: B Bone + tip 200—270° C pasaaractca: Puc. 10.97. PacrsopHMocts H¥TpaTa aMMOHHA NH,NO; — N2O + 2H20 + 36,8 k]>k/Momb. Bpmme 270°C pasnaraetca co B3pbIBOM: NH,NO; > N2 + 050. + 2H20 + 112,6 kJk/monb. Hutpar aMMouus ove rurpockonwuen. TIpupeyenHas Ha puc.]0.98 Ho- MOrpaMMa MoKka3bIBaeT, TO MpH 30°C yaBneHHe napa Hay ero HacBIeH- HEM (70,2%) pactBopom coctaBnaet 2,46 KIla, a rarpockonmu4eckaa TONKA papHa 60%; np oTHocuTenbHoOi BraxHOCTH Bo3sfyxa Gonee 60% HuTpaT ammouna OyqeT yanaxHaTEca. TMrpockonm4HocTs HATpara AMMOHHA HM CKO- PocTs npowecca normoujeHHa KM Bar 3 BOSYXxa, KaK YCTAHOBMEHO, pac- TYT MIpH y4acTHu pacTBOpHMbIX MHHepambHBIX coneii. Hanpumep, BHeceHHe 1,2% HuTpara MarHuA CHWDKaeT THTpOCKONMYeCKy!O TOUky HHTpaTa aMMo- Hua Ha 8—12%, a CKOpOCTb NOMOMeHHA Bar MpH 3TOM pacTeT. 3Ha4HTeNbHad paCTBOPHMOCTb B BOMe H BEICOKHH TemMepaTypHElii KO- adbuuveHT pacTBOpHMocTH, rHrpockonH4HOCTH K HMeloulHe MeCTO MOmH- MOPOHEle MpeppallleHHa ABNAIOTCA NPHYMHOM CeKMBAeMOCTH HHTpaTa aM- MOHMA. ITO B KOHEYHOM HTOre 3arpyMHAeT bakTHYeCKoe ero NIpHMeHeHHe. C wenbio vckmo4¥eHHs BEMenepedHcneHHEIX MpH4HH HUTpaT aMMo- HHA MpOw3BOUAT C MHHMMANEHEIM CoyepxkaHHeM Biard (He 6omee 0,2%) M OxNaxKeHHe rpaHym 40 nepexoga ero B pomOu4eckylo OunMpaMuzamE- Hy!lo bopmy KpucTamnos, CTAB NEE TIpH Temmeparype Hume 32,3°C. Mepog mpoucecom KpicTannnsai pacTsop BBOsAT KONAHWHOHUpyio- ue o6aBkH (HHTpat MarHHA, HMTpaTbl KaNbIMA M MarHHA, cynEdaT aJOMHMHMA WK CMecM ero © AHaMMOHHAdoctaroM) H T.L. C 370 2ke WenbIO rpaHysbI HUTPata aMMOHHA OOpabaTHIBalOT NOBepx- HOCTHO-@KTHBHBIMH BeLICCTBAMH, CHOCOOHEIMM OOpasoBBIBaTb THApoob- Hple neHku. Jina 3TOM Wen NpHMensoT 40%-HbI pacTBOp WHCHepraTopa H@®, monyyaemoro konyeHcalvei cynbdokucnoT HadTamuHa C BOHBIM PacTBopom opMasberma, a TaloKe 2%KHPHBI€ KMCMIOTEI H HX aJIKHHBI. 550OTHOCHTeNbHaA BNAKHOCTS BOSIYXa 100 80 605040 30_20 ~ bho oO 3 Omiccnensian snaxvocrs sowyra, % 2 a 12 14146 16, | 2 fr228 28 34 40 5,0 6,0 0 10 14 20 9040 60100300 Pacrsopumocts NH4NO3, Kr conn Ha 100 r Bonet a 0 § 101520253035 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110120130140150160170 Temneparypa, °C Puc. 10.98. PasHosechoe napneHme BO2sHOTO Mapa Ha HaCbIeCHHBIMH pacTBopaMH HMTpaTa aMMOHHA Hutpar aMMOHMa aBIaeTCA KOHICHTPHPOBAaHHLIM a30THEIM ynoOpeHH- em. Ero TIPHMCHAIOT B TIPOH3BOACTBE B3PbIBUATLIX BenICCTB — AMMOHHTOB pai 1108, B KAYCCIBS PeareHTa Dia paciBopeHvia iMpKOHMEBDIX oGo- NO¥ek TBIIOB B Mpoyecce perevepalMu OOnyyYeHHOrO AgepHOrO TOMIMBa. Cornacuo cyulectaylomjemy B Poccun FOCT 2—85, npousBossT rpany- JMpOBaHHbIi HUTpaT AMMOHHA AByX MapoK: A — BBICIei KaTeropHH Kaye- cTBa 1 b — BbICileii KaTeropHu Ka4ecTBa (BLICWIHM Copr) H MepBol KaTero- PHM xKayecTBa (nepspii copr). Hurpar aMMouHa MapxH A JomkeH coepkaTb He MeHee 98% NH,NOs, a mapxu B — we Menee 34,4% N B BBI- curem copre 4 34,0% N 9 neprom copre. B aany TH OT copra HUTDAT AMMOHHA OKeH CofepxKaTL Blary B npezenax 0,2—0,3%. Conepxanne Ho6apox (B Mepecuete Ha cyxoe BellecTBO) B NpomyxKte BLICUIel KaTeropHH ka¥ecTBa Mapok A #4 b: HATpaTo KanbuHA HM MarHua — 0,2—0,5% (B mepe- cyete Ha CaO), dociparos — 0,5—1,2% (B nepecuete Ha P2Os), cympdpara amMoHua 0,3—0,7%, cynbdara amMMonua + cociara ammonns 0,4—0,6%. B mpogykre nepporo copta Mapku b cofepskave 4o6aBoK He HOpMupyeT- ca. Benwunua pH 10%-Horo BoqHOrO pacTBopa Jia BCX COpTOB C Cymbpat- 55160 HO-ocdarTHoi Aobaskoli 4,0, a c Apy- THMH o6aBKamu — 5,0. CormacHo # 3 aelictsyroulemy TOCTy pernamextu- S so PYIOTCA TalOKe pa3MepbI rpaHysi. z Texnonorua HHTpaTa aMMOHHa. TIponecc nonyyenus HuTpaTa aMMo- 00 705 710 Hua Oa3HpyeTcA Ha peakIHH a30THOH 4 KEb« Ha 1 mont NHgNOg KUCNOTEI C aMMHaKOM: Puc. 10.99. Tennora npouecca HNO3() + NH3(r) = HeHTpanw3allMH a30THOH KHCIOTSI = NH,NO;(7B) + 144,9 KK. rasvuGpasibim aMMMaKuM LIpHt armochepriom nasnennn HW 18°C B npouecce Heli rpanv3annn 47—60%-How ~=HNO; o6pasyetca BOQHEIK pacTBOp HUTpaTa aMMOHMA, KOTOPEI a NonyyeHua wemeBoro nmpogykra Heo6xoqHMo ynapuBars. B mpouecce ynapKH ucnomb3yeTca Tennota Hefitpanv3ayHH cormacHo MpHBezeHHOMy BbIllle ypaBHeHHIo peakunu. Konnyectso 2xe TemmoTsI, BbIqensoulelica MO peakUHH, 3aBH- CHT OT KOHUeHTpauMM wcxXO_HOH as0THOM KucnoTBI. Kak BugHO 13 anHpix prc. 10.99, 4emM MeHBUIe KOHI[eHTPalMA KHCJIOTEI, TEM MCHb- wie BbienxeTcA Tensota. JlanHpie puc. 10.100 noxkaspiBaroT, 4TO NpH cooTBeTCTByiolleH OpraHH3allMH TeXHONOrMM 3a C¥eT BbIJeNAeMOro Ten- Ja peak MOXKHO BbIMaPHTb 3HAYMTENBHOe KONMYECTBO BOMbI, BBOIH- MoH B CHCTeMy C a30THOM KHCNOTOM, H MOMYYMTh HaCbIUeHHBI pac- TBOp HM Jake M1aB HUTpaTa aMMOHHA. TIpouecc Heiitpamw3sauHH = a30THOH KHCIOTSI aMMHAKOM MIPOH3BORMTCA mpH Temnepatype 180—200°C nog nasnenu- 100 1 em 0,35—0,6 MIla, a apenne if pacTBopa — IpH MeHbUIeM WIM MmpH at- . MocdepHom JapieHnu. CoKxospii nap np $s 3TOM HCNonb3yloT AA Danette ynap- z KH pacrBopa oT 75—80 yo 95—99% OCHOBHOTO BelllecTBa B WeNeBOM NMpomyKTe B BakyyM-alinapatax. STO HCKMOYaeT Mpo- uecc K¥NeHMa pacTBopa B 30He peakumu. B cyllectByroujem cnoco6e mpox3BoqcTBa H HuTpara aMMorHa Ton Tenors: ocywe- PHC. 10.100. 3asucuwocns wacoosol *, HOM HHTpata @aMMOHHA B CTBIAIOT B CaMOM HeiiTpamM3arope, B KOTO- TOMy4aeMoM pacTBope oT POM flapasienbHO c HelTpanM3auHel mpo- coxep»kaHHa HHTpaTa Bogopona B HCXOAAT Mpolleccbl KMMeHHA MH ymapKH vexoaHOH Kucnote mpH 70° C: J —npn nenonssonannn Tenors! peaxtnis pactsopa. Tlostomy peaktop HasBaH HTH (rea aoeuue norepa. rennors), (HcnOnB30BaTeNb TEMIOTE! HeHTPaH3alHH). 2—6ea vcnonss0eanus Tenors! peaxunn 552Iipolecc HeHTpasH3allHH a30THOH KHCNOTHI pa3sbaBNeHHOH ApyruMu ra3aMH (pH YTHAH3al\MH NMpOLyBOYHBIX H TaHKOBBIX ra30B H3 Wexa CHH- Te3a aMMHaka) MpoBogzsT pH Temmeparype 90—100°C B annaparax Ko- JOHHOTO Tuna CKpyOOepHEIX WIM TapeNbYaTBIX, ODOUIAeMBIX LIMDKYKDYIO- UMM pacTBOpOM HHTpaTa aMMOHHS, B KOTOPEIM BBOJMTCA a30THas kucnota. O6pa3yioumiica mpu 9TOM rops4umii pacTBOp HaNpaBlaeTca B Ba- KyyM-HCMlapHTeib, B KOTOpOM Mp ocTarodHOM jlaBneHHH 13—20 xIla oxma@kgaeTca NO TemMepatypEr kunenua (70—75°C), mocne 4ero 4yacTS ero BO3BpailjaioT Ha Mpouecc opoleHua HelTpann3aropa, a Apyry1o 4aCTb HallpaBaior Ha yMapKy. B mpouecce npuMenenua 47—55%-HOM a30THOM KMCHOTSI B anmapa- tax MTH o6pasyrorca pacreopsi, cogepxamue 62—83% NH,NO;. [na nlony¥eHHA apa WeNeBOrO MpomyKTa pacTBOPbI yiMlapHBalOT B BaKy- YM-BbIMapHBIX alimapaTax, MCMOMb3yA B KAaYeCTBE TEIMIOHOCHTeNA COKOBBIH nap 43 annapatos MTH, a npw Hepoctatke ero u cRexuii nap. TIpouecc TpaHyNMpoBaHHs Mnapa, coxepxalero no 98,7% wenesoro npogyxkta, OCyUeCTBAAIOT B MOTOKe BOsqyxa B cyTepOBaHHEIX KHCNOTOyNOpHbIM KHpMH4OM 2kenesobeTOHHBIX GSallHAX. B HacTOsee BpeMa B XMMHYECKOM NpOMBIUIeHHOCTA PoccHM mpH- MeHSIOTCA KPYMHOTOHH@KHBIe TEXHONOTMYeCKHe JIMHHM HHTpaTa aMMOHHA AC-67, AC-72 4 MogepHu3HpoBaHHEIe AC-72M, odecneynBatoulne oObem npou3poycrBa 1360—1575 1 /cyT u obecneynBatonyHe BbICOKy!0 Halex- HocTb GecnepeSorHo pa6oTul. Annapat MATH (puc. 10.101) cocrout w3 gByx uMnMH_pH4ecKHX Yac- Teli: HykHeii—peakyHoHHoH mM BepxHeli —cenapatHoHnHoi. Buytpu kopnyca / peakuHOHHOf YacTH HaxO_MTCA peakUHOHHET ctraxan 2, B HwwkHeH 4YacTH KOTOporo HMeroTCA OTBepcTHA. B HwkHe YacTH peaKUH- OHHOH 30HbI lO THTaHOBbIM GapOorepam 3 um 4 mocTynaior aMMHak HM a30THad KMCNOTa. CKOpOCTb aMMHaka B OTBepcTHAX OapOoTepa 30—50 M/c, KOIH4ECTBO OTBepCTHH (qMaMeTpoM 3 MM)— 6650. Cxopocts mo- CTyNNeHHA a3z0THOH KuCNOTHI Yepes 2160 oTBepcTHi (aHameTpom 1,5 MM) — 2—3 m/c. B mponecce 3a c¥eT TemoTE! peakuHH “3 oOpazyrouye- Toca HHTpara aMMOHHA HCMapseTCa YaCTb BOUBI, B pesybTaTe Yero BO3- HMKaeT MOMbeMHaA CHa, HW MapOXKHAKOCTHAA CMeCh BbIOpacEIBaeTcA v3 BepXa peakKHOHHOTO cTakaHa Yepe3 nOrpy>%keHHBIM B pacTROp 3aBUXpH- ren: 5, cnocoScreyiomuli pagnenenuro nanomunnocrnoli emecu. Ho x Tent 5, cnocoOcreyrommil pagnenenmo napoxunxoctuolt cmecu. Mo m JIMHIPHYeCKOMy MpOCTpaHCTBy MevKIty peaKUHOHHBIM CTaKaHOM 2 H KOp- ycoM = arlmapata I pacTBop HHTpatTa @MMOHHA ABWKETCA BHK3, yilapHhBasch B fipOllecce WApKyIAUMH 34 C4eT TEMJIOTSI, nepeyaBaemoli 4e- pe3 CTeHKy CTakaHa, M BO3BpalllaeTca B Hero Yepes HWKHMe OTBEPCTHA. 3a cYeT KpaTKOBpeMeHHOCTH MpeOBIBAHHA peareHTOB B PeaKUMOHHOH 30- He (0,5—1 c) o6ecneynpaloTca MUI He3HaYHTeNBHBIe MOTepH a30Ta 3a C4eT TEPMHYECKOFO pa3zOXKeHHA @30THOH KHCIOTEI 1 HHTpata aMMOHHA. 553Apenax 9 Puc. 10.101. Anmapar ATH: Puc. 10.102. Kom6unmposanusiii J—xopnyc peakyHouHoH yacTH anmapata; BbINapHO almapat: 2— peakuHoHHBIM cTakaH; 3—Gap6oTep aMMH- —voxyxorpy6nan acts; 2— xonueHTpaunon- axe; 4— Gap6orep asoTHol xncnorst, 5 — sa- Waa YaCTs, 3—CHTYATBIe MpOBATEHBIe TapenKH; suxprenn, 6— xopnyc cemaparopa, 7—KON- 4 aycepik ang nonpona TennoTt, 5 — ouncT- nayxopaa Taperka, 8 — orOolHHK 6psisr Hag yacTs, 6—ceTuaTsi oTOoHHHK 6psEr; 7 —cwruarsie MepeTouuie Tapenka nap, TOnHMMasce co ckopoctsio 0,6 m/c, mpompIBaeTca Ha YeTHIpex Gap6o- TAKHBIX KONMAYKOBBIX Tapenkax 7. Ha WByX HMDKHHX TapeskaX Map OTMBI- BaeTCA OT aMMHaka 20—25%-HBIM pacTBOPOM HMTpaTa aMMOHHA, MOAKHC- JHHBIM a30THOH KHCHOTON, a Ha AByX BepXHHX — KOHJeHCaTOM COKOBOrO Napa yaBIMBalOT Mapbl a30THOM KHCOTHI H OpErH pacTBOpa HUTpata aM- moun. TTpouecc oxoH¥aTenbHoro ocBoboxneHua oT OpEar MpOucXonHT B Je pacTROpEI ROIRpaMaiorcs R annapar ATH. TIpouece nony4enua miaBa HHTpaTa aMMOHHA 43 o6pasyromerocs B annapate HTH xonyexntpuposanvoro pactBopa (~ 90%) nposogat ynapu- BaHveM ero B KOMOMHMpOBaHHOM BbIllapHom anmapate (puc. 10.102). OcHoBHad BepTHKanbHaa KOxKyxoTpyOHaa YacTb ] anmapata cmy>%KHT ANA yNlapWBaHua pacTsopa HUTpata aMMOHHs, CTeKaloujero NO BHYTPpeHHAM creHkaM TpyOox. McTouHHkaMH TeMIOTI ABIAIOTCA Map C jaBeHHeM 1,3—1,5 MIla, nogapaembii B MexTpyOHoe mpocTpancTBo, Hu ropa4Huit 554Puce 10.103. Cxema nonysenua HuTpara aMMOHHa Ha arperare AC-72M: J — nogorpesaten ammuaxa; 2—nogorpesatens asoTHoH KHcaors!, 3— annapar HTH; 4, 5— nonelt- TpanusaTopsl, 6 — KOMOMHHPOBAHHEI BEINApHOM almapar; 7—MNpoMBIBATEN mapoBosyIHOH cMecH; 8, 18 —cxpyOGepsr, 9— rnmposarsop, /0— dwasrp niasa, // —cOopxHx na Tuiapa; 12 — norpyxHOH nacoc; 13 —uewrpoGexusitt uacoc; 14— copumx, 15 —sanopuas emxocts; 16— axycrimeckui rpany- astop, 17 —rpanynauwounas Gauris; 19, 22— serrunstopst, 20—newtounsiti Tparcnoprep; 2/ — xon0- AMIGHHK ¢ KHMAIIHM cHloeM TpaHym; 23, 24—nonorpesarent Boanyxa, 25—narderarens Boatyxa (180° C) Bo3szyx, aB>KyuIHHica BHYTpH TpyOok MpoTHBOTOKOM cTeKalouye- my pactsopy. Bosayx noctynaeT H3 HHKHei KOHUeHTpHpoBaHHOM yacTu 2, MIpOXOA Yepes pacnONOKEHHble B Hel MATS CHTYATbIX NPOBAaMbHbIX Ta- penox 3. Ha Tpex BepxHHXx Tapenkax CMOHTHPOBaHBI 3MeeBHKH 4 WIA Jo- NOMHHTeMBHOH MosayH TensoTe. KonmyecTBo Biaru B BO3Lyxe, MOcTyna- ouleM B JOyMapoyHbiii anmapat, He omKHO npeBpilars 20 r/kr V3 KOHUCHTPAHOHHOH 4acTH BbITeKaeT TAB, CcomepxKamnii 99.7% HuTpaTa aMMOHHA Cc Temnepatypoit 175—185° C. Temneparypa miaBa B Moymapoy- HOM ammapate omkHa OniTs He BpIe 190°C. B sepxneii, o4ncTHOH, 4actH 7 ammapaTa pacnonoxkeHbl WBe cHTYa- ThIC NTepeCTOUHble TapesikH 4, BCPXHAA H3 KOTOPbIX OpPOMlacTCA KOHCHCa- TOM, a HM)KHAX — pacTBOpOM HMTpara AMMOHHA. OHH OTMBIBaIOT OTXOMs- uly¥o W3 aliMiapata mapoBo3sfyulyio CMeCh HM 4YaCTHYHO ynapMBaloT NOcTynaroulMi pacTBOp HHTpaTa aMMOHHA. 555CormacHo MpHBezeHHOH Ha puc. 10.103 TexHonorH4eckoi Cxeme, pH NomyYeHHH HUTpaTa aMMOHHA Ha arperare A-72 M HcxogHBI ra3006pa3- Hb aMMuak, mpoiiaa mogorpesarenb 1, B KOTOpOM HarpeBaeTcCa 0 120—160°C wu 58—60%-Haa a30THad KMCnoTa 43 Moporpepatena 2 c Temnepatypoi 80—90°C noctynatoT B Ba MapasenbHO paOoraroulMx annapara HTH 3. B annaparax ATH nogmepxnpaetca Onu3Koe K aTMo- cibepHomy gapsenve. Tlockonsky mpu H36bITKe a30THOM KMCOTEI JaRie- Hve Mapa a30THOH KHCHOTSI Hal pacTBOpOM HMTpaTa aMMOHUS MeHBIIe, 4eM MaBieHHe aMMHaka TIpH ero w36EITKe B pacTBOpe Cc WeNbIO yMeHBUIe- HHA MOTepb CBA3AHHOrO a30Ta C COKOBLIM Mapom B Bue NH3, HNO;, NH,NO; u NO,, mpouece BezyT B cna6oxucnow cpege. Konuentpaua aso HCHOTSI B OTAORALIEM WS annapata pactBope (2—5 r/n) pery- umpyeTca apromaruyecku. Temnepatypa toro pactsopa 150—170°C, a CogepxkaHve B HEM HMTpara aMMOHMA HAXOsMTCA B Mpefenax 89—92%. BpitTekalouyuit HenpepbiBHo u3 annapatos MTH pactBop HuTpata aMMO- HHA HeiTpanusyeTca B AByX JOHeATpanuzaTopax — OCHOBHOM 4 H KOHTpO- JbHOM J. B JoneiiTpanu3aTops! %Ke BBOJAT KOHIMUMOHHpyIOMlyO Wo0aB- ky — 30—40%-nbifi pactsop HUTpata MarHHa, NpHrOTOBJIeHHBIM pacTBope- HHeM TeXHHYCCKONO OKCH/la MarHHA B a30THOH KucHOTe. PacrBop HUTpaTa @MMOHMA C comepxkaHHeM H36bITOUHOrO ammuaka (0,1—0,5 r/m) HanpaBna- eTCA Ha JoynapHBaHve B KOMOHMHMpOBaHHEIM BINapHol anmapar 6, oTKyya T1aB, Mpoxofa rHpo3aTBop-OHeHTpanu3arop 9 u @uneTp 10, nocTynaeT B npwemuEit cOopuuk J]. Jlanee miap norpyxkHEIM Hacocom 12 no Tpy6o- MpoBozy c aHTHAeTOHAaYHOHHOH HacanKoi mMepeKayHBaeTca B HalopHy1o emkocTs 15, Haxogalllytocd Haq rpaHynayMOHHO Sauneit 17. V3 wanopHo emKocrm miaB mogaetca B GaumHio yepes Tpx BHOpo- akycTHyeckux rpaHynatopa 16. Crpya mapa, Moctynaioujero Yepe3 BHYTpeH- Hee conso 2 rpaHymaTopa Ha macTHHy 3, renepupyet ee KoneOaHua, Mepenaro- uweca mepdopupopanHomy gHMMy 5 (puc. 10.104). Yepe3 orsepcTua B HWKHe YaCTH B rpanyayHonHyio Samo 17 3acacbiBa- eTCA Hapy%HEIM BO3qyX H BO3qyx H3 an- Mapata Kumsmuero cnox 2], B KOTOpOM BATCH WH AOOXTaKAa- worcsa. Bpicora nageHua Kanenb m1aBa B 5 6auHe He mpeppnuaet 50 M. B noToKe BO3QYXa OHH 3aTBepfeBaloT, MpeBpauya- Pue, 10.104. Axyctayecknit }OTCA B rpaHyJIbl. Temmepatypa napa, 1 —mopuye Peony. 3 — nnacrunas TloqaBaemMoro Ha Mpowecc rpakynauHn, 4—ceraaruit unsrp: 3—subpupyiomec Ha S—7 K npepbiaer Temnepatypy ero Nephopxponatioe HME kpuctanmm3auun. TInap HuTpaTa aM- 556MOHHA C B@KHOCTbIO 0,27 HadHHaeT KPHCTaH30BaTECaA MpH 167°C, a TlOMHOCTHIO 3aTBepfeBaeT pH 140°C. Konnuectso Bosqyxa — 300—500 Teic. M’/4 B 3aBMCHMOCTH OT MOFOmHEIX ycnoBul. Va wwxuelt konycuow vaca Aanmau rpanynt noctynaor Ha neHToU- HEI TpaHcnoptep 20, c NOMOLIbIO KOTOpOro MofaloT MX B TpexceKNHOHHEI annapat 2] 8 WOOxnaxkTeHHA B KUMAIeM cnoe C aBTOHOMHOM mogayeti Bo3qyxa B kKakmy!O ceKuMio. Temmepatypa rpaHya Mocne xonoqMbHMKa 20—S0° C. B npouecce rpanynupoBanua c nocnesyIOuyHM OxnakKeCHHeM B MOTOKax BO3qyxa rpanysb! nog”cyumpBatotca. Lenesot mpoxykt cozepxHT Gonee 99,8 NH4NO3. [pu ornocutensHoi BiakHocTH atmociepHoro BO3- ayxa Gonee 60% npogyKT nponyckator yepe3 nogorpeparenu 23 Tak xe, kak H BO3JyX, MofaBaeMblii B JoyNapowHBii anmapaT 6. AmmapaTsi KMMALerO COA MPHMeHAIOT He TOMbKO Aa OXxN@kKeHHs rpaHyil, HO M B Npowecce rpaHyNHpoBaHHA YaCTHI HUTpata aMMOHKA 13 pactsopos. Jia sToro B KHMAMMH cro nogaor 80—85%-HEI pacTBop NH.NO;. TIpu 3Tom Boma BbInapwBaeTcs B MOTOKe rops¥ero BOsmyxa. M3 sepxnel yacra rpaHymaumMonHo GalmHM Bo3qyx mocTynaeT B wectb cKxpy66epos 18, rye OTMbIBaeTCA OT TIbIMM HHTpata aMMOHMA u amMMvaka UMpkylMpylouldm 20%-HbIM pacTBopom NH4NO3, 4 BeHTHATO- pom J/9 pplOpacipaetca B armocmepy. Yepe3 stu x%xe cKpyO6epbI mpoxo- AAT MW ra3bl H3 BbINapHoro anmapata nocme npombiBatena 7 uM H3 DOHeli- TpamM3aropa nocme cKpy66epa 8. TIpounocta rpaHyn WeneBoro MpoxykTa 3aBMCHT OT TexHONOrMYeCKOrO pevkHMa Mony4eHHA Maa H ero rpanynuposanus. Tlocne sarBepnenaHHa 4X TIpH MpoxoxqeHHH B Salle nponcxoguT MoguuKayHoHHbI nmepexoy I + II (cm. puc. 10.97). B npouecce anbHeiiero oxnakyeHua rpanys M Mp MocnteqoBarenbHEIX Mpespaljenusx MogzuguKayni II > III > IV W3MeHAIOTCA yeMbHbIe OObEME!, 4TO NpPeMoNpenenseT OOpa3zoBaHHe MaJIO- MpouHEIx rpanyn. Bo3mMoxkHO OcylIecTRIATh MeTacTaOubHoe Mpespauye- nue II — IV, npa koTopom yfenbHBIe OObeMbI H3MCHAIOTCA He3HadHTesb- HO, MOCKONbKY MapaMeTpbI KPHcTaMMYeckHx pelleToK MoguuKayni IL w IV Onw3kH gpyr K Apyry. B 3ToM BapHaHTe rpaHysbl momyyaloTca npounpimu. Tepexon II —> IV o6ecneynpaetca pexkuMom paOorsl, npH KOTOpOM B MjlaBe, MOcTyNalolleM Ha rpaHyMpoBaHHe, comepxKaTcA NO- 6aBKH, a ero BMaKHOCTS He MpeBbiiaeT Tpebyemoro mpenena. Cautaetca, uTo HanGonee sipdexTuBHo sBnserca o6aBKa HUTpaTa MarHHa (0,3—0,6%), HO TIpH 9TOM cofepxkaHHe BnarH B Mnape He DomKHO GEITE spite 0,25%. Sta ycnosua oGecneymparot mepexon II — IV npu 50,8° C, Te. B Mpowecce OxT@WKeHHA rpaHyn B HyKHeH YacTH GaWHH H B KMMALeN C0e B XONORMIBHHKe. Ha mpou3pogctso | 1 rpaHyiMpoBaHHoro HUTpaTa aMMOHHA (34,58% N) (apa MouHoctTw arperata 56,8 1/4 weneBoro mpogyKta) pacxogyerca: 557Puc. 10.105. bapaGannem Kpuctanms3atop 41a nonyyeHHa Yellyw4aToro HHTpaTa aMMOHHA: 4—spaumvounites Sapatas, 2— venenatis Sopeban; $—rauepe Hts nxoaA sod, 4 — non 0,213 Tt ammuaka (100%-Horo), 0,793 T a30THOM KHcnOTHI (100%-HoOi), 0,96 Tbk napa, 28,3 KBr snexrposHepruu. B npoMsiimeHHocTH HUTpaT aMMOHMa NpOw3BOAST TaloKe B uelIyH- poBaHHom suze. Ux nonyyaioT B mpouecce KpHcTannH3auHH mapa (97,5—98,5% weneBoro npogyKtTa) Ha MOBepXHOCTH OxsaxKZaemMoro H3- HyTpH Bozo GapaGana (puc. 10.105). O6s4uHO B npouecce KpucTamiM3a- UMM 111aB HATpata aMMOHHA MopcymMBaetca Ha 0,5—0,7%, M Yelly4a- Tb ~=MponykT HMeeT BI@KHOCTS OKOO 2%. Ero OcyWIMBaWOT B OapabaHHol cyllMnke BO3fyxXOM, HarpeTbIM B xKallopHdepe Jo 110—120° C, noatomy cyummstii mpolykr He Harperaetca BEIe 75° C. TlpoussogaT Take BoyoycToumBLii HUTpaT aMMOHMa MyTeM 2O06aBse- HHA pacTBopa cymb¢ara 2xeme3a (III) (600—800 r na 1 T) uw Kpucrannusa- uMH Ha Banbuax. TonyyenHyio Maccy TOKpHCTanAH30BbIBaIOT B LIHeKOBOM KpHCTamM3aTope B Mpoecce ONpbICKHBaHHA MaccbI rHzpodobusupyloureh CMeECBIO 2KMPHBIX KHCOT C MapadHHom. OGpa3yroulaica KpHcTasM4eckad Macca oxna@xgaetca go 50°C B GapadanHno cymmaxe. Tlopuctsii rpaHyMpoBaHHbii HUTparT aMMOHHA fA W3POTOBNeHHA B3PBIBYATEIX BeDIECTB MONyYalOT CyIIKOH rpaHy/ C MOBBILICHHbIM CO- HepxkaHvem Billard mpx AobaBke B mnaB mopoobpa3yiomlux NerKonery- 4HX BeLecTB. Hutpar aMMOHHa MpHMeHSIOT Ia MONYYeHHA H3BECTKOBO-aMMOHHH- HOH CeNMTpbI C pa3NM4HBIMM cooTHoWeHHaMA NH,.NO;:CaCO; — or 80:20 go 53:47. map untpara uu cynuthera mmap HNTpara Hu cyniara (NH,)2SO, - 2NH4NO; — cynbipat-Hutpat aMMOHHA, a Taloke Npov3BOqaT KOMIMIeKcHoe yHoOpeHHe — kalM#iHo-amMMoHMiinyto CelMTpy, Moydaemylo cnapneHuem NH,NO; 4 KCI. Yka3aHHble MPOAYKTbI NPOW3BOAAT B YeWy4YaTOM HH rpaHyHpoBaH- HOM BHJe. 558