SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, CHAPTER 2 E2.1 Phonetics Practice: Description of Phonemes Describe each consonant in terms of its voicing, place of articulation and manner of articulation, 1./M/ voiced, alveotar liquid 2. voiced, palatal affricate 3. /b/ voiced, bilabial stop 4. jw! voiced, bilabial glide 5.8) voiceless palatal fricative 6. /f! voiceless, labiodental fricative 7. /g/ voiced, velar stop 8. /n/ voiced, alveolar nasal E2.2 Phonetics Practi Lil 2. fu 3. fee 4. fe 5.9 6. jw! : Phoneme Analogies high, front, tense, unrounded vowel high, back, lax, rounded vowel low, front, lax, unrounded vowel mid, front, tense, unrounded vowel mid, back, lax, rounded vowel high, back, tense, rounded vowel 1. /o/: /o/ =/e/: £, 2. Jee! : fal = /1/ : [ui 3. ful: /o/ = lil: Lel 4.181: /s/ = Irl : ML 5. /p/: /t/ = /b/ d/ 6. /n/:/g/=/m/:___/b/ 7 /2l Isl =Igl: tk 8. /6/ :/8/ = /jl : LL 9. /m/:/n/ = Ip/ : itl 10. /t/ : /d/ = /f/ : vi Relevant Linguistics Practice Soltions 4Transcription Exercises 2.3 Celebrity Names Using the transcription provided, spell out each name using regular English orthography. 1. jeri saynfeld/ 2. piwi homan! 3. /kwin olizabo6/ 4, ffecki teen! 5. /ranald mokdaneld/ 6. /opra winfti/ 7. flotrel spriwel/ 8. /marj simpson/ 9. Jamald $wartsanego/ 10. /denas 6 menos! 11. /sarine wilyomz/ 12. /mantgamri benz/ 13, /margrat Oxta-/ 14, /kandoliza rays/ 15. /karman alektra/ 16. /6i artost formo-li non zz prins Jerry Seinfeld Peewee Herman ‘Queen Elizabeth Jackie Chan Ronald McDonald Oprah Winfrey Latrell Spreewell Marge Simspon Amold Schwarzeneger Dennis the Menace Serena Williams Montgomery Burns Margaret Thatcher Condoleeza Rice Carmen Elektra The Artist Formerly Known as Prince Relevant Linguists Practice Solutions 5E2.5 Lines from Songs (note that answers can vary somewhat, especially with regard to vowels) 1. “Ican’t get no satisfaction” Jay kaent get no sactasfeekSon/ 2. “Asa matter of fact I like beer” Jeez 4 maeta: av fiekt ay layk bu! 3. “I’m just a sucker with no self esteem” faym Jast A sake wid no self astiny/ 4, “Fly me to the moon and let me play among the stars” /flay mi tu 4 mun and let mi ple oman da starz/ 5. “My baby takes the morning train” /may bebi teks 84 mornm tren/ 6. “And she’s buying a stairway to heaven” and Siz bay a sterwe tu heyan/ 7. “Can we forget about the things I said when I was drunk?” Jkaen wi farget abawt 3s Omnz ay sed wen ay waz drank! 8. “Lump lingered last in line for brains and the one she got was kinda rotten and insane” lamp Inge-d laest m layn for brenz and 8a wan $i gat waz kaynda ratan aend msen/ 9. “Conjunetion junction what’s your function? kanjank$on JankSon wats yor fankSon/ 10. “You've got to change your evil ways, baby” Jyuv gat tu Gen} yar ival wez bebi/ 11. “Well, you can do side bends or sit ups, but please don’t lose that butt” Jwel yu kaen du sayd bendz or stt aps bat pliz. dont luz dzet bat! 12. “Should I stay or should T go now?” Aud ay ste or Sud ay go naw/ ‘Relevant Linguists Practice Solutions 7Transcription Jokes E2.6 Joke #1: J nidm tu inkris its revonuz a manasteri goz intu da fi8 end Eps brznas and bikamz noted for its kwozin, let wan nayt a treeval: reps an da dor end A man m a rob sporty 4 fani herkat opanz it, apan siyny him da traevalo- aesks ar yu a fig frayor znd 34 robd man hu opand da dor riplayz. no aym 6a tip mank / ‘Needing to increase its revenues, a monastery goes into the fish and chips business and becomes noted for its cuisine. Late one night a traveler raps on the door and a man in a robe sporting a funny haircut opens it. Upon seeing him, the traveler asks, "Are you the fish friar [or fryer]?" ‘And the robed man who opened the door replies, "No, I'm the chip monk [or chipmunk]." E2.7 Joke #2: 1 8a tako bel fawawa a doberman wend 4 buldog ar m a dogi bar heviy a kul wan wen a gud Jukuy fimel kali kamz ap tu dem and sez huwever keen se liver end iz m a sentons ken tek mi hom, so 8a doboman sez : ay lav live: aend iz, 6a kaliz rispans 1 : dats nat gud onaf. so Oa buldag sez : ay het livo- end tiz, tu dis da kali sez. : dacts nat kriyetov. faynali da tako bel Eawawa si : live alon....8iz mayn. / The Taco Bell Chihuahua, a Doberman and a Bulldog are in a doggie bar having a cool one when a good-looking female Collie comes up to them and says: "Whoever can say liver and cheese in a sentence can take me home." So the Doberman says, "I love liver and cheese.” The Collie’s response is, "That's not good enough." The Bulldog says, "I hate liver and cheese.” To this she says, "That's not creative." Finally, the Chihuahua says, "liver alone....cheese mine" (or “leave her alone, she’s mine”) E28 Joke #3: J Ingwistoks prafesa- waz lektam wan de abawt negatovz end pazatovz. 1m sam laengwojoz hi sed tu negotavz form a pazotav bat in ade lengwajoz dts 1z nat da kes. haweve hi sed in no lengwojaz du tu pazotavz mek a negatov. astudont m 8a bek av a rum den materd anda hiz breO yae rayt / A linguistics professor was lecturing one day about negatives and positives. “In some languages,” he said, “two negatives form a positive, but in other languages this is not the case. However,” he said, “in no languages do two positives make a negative.” A student in the back of the room then muttered under his breath “yeah, right.” Relovan guises Pasi Soatons 8E2.11 The Connection between English Spelling and Sounds As we have discussed, the connection between spelling and sounds in English is not as close as many people would like it to be. This lack of correspondence can make reading and writing in English Jifficult, Below are some exercises designed to help you see some of the issues that ean cause problems for people leaming to read and write English. You should also consider this more transcription practice. A, Some spellings can represent different sounds in different words Transcribe each of the following words: though Boi bough baw! cough kai! or /kof! tough — taf through — /Oru/ For each word, determine the set of sounds that the spelling “ough” represents: (though /o/ (dough /aw/ (ough /afl or/of/ (ough /af/ (through /u/ How many different sound representations are there for this one spelling? _5 B. Some sounds can be represented by multiple spellings in different words Transcribe each of the following words: author Jaa or /o8a"/ solar [sole hurt that! stir Isto! her the! heard = fhad/ feature fito/ For cach word, determine the vowel sound that is represented by the underlined letters, and represent that vowel phoneme with a phonetic symbol: author /o/ solar /a/ hurt /o stir fot her fa heard fo / feature /o/ How many different spellings are there for this one vowel sound? _7___ ‘Add to this the fact a famous politician from West Virginia is named. “Byrd,” and a character in Alice in ‘Wonderland is the “Cheshire Cat,” and you can really see the potential confusion, Relevant Linguistics Practice Soutons IA single English letter can represent multiple sounds ina given wort Transcribe the following words: tax fake! music /myuzak/ For each word, count the number of English letters in the word: tax 3 music 5 For each word, determine the actual number of sounds in the word: tax 4 music 6 For each word, determine the English letter that represents multiple sounds: ox ‘music D. Asingle sound can be represented by multiple English letters in a given wor ‘Transcribe the following words: check feck! thing /Ony shoe Ru! For each word, count the number of English letters in the word: check 5 thing 5 shoe 4 For each word, determine the actual number of sounds in the word: check 3 thing 3 shoe 2 For each word, determine the English letter combinations that represent a single sound: check “ch “ck” thing “th” “ng” ‘shoe “sh” “oe” ‘Relovant Linguistics Practice Soutons 12