The Value of Sounds: Phonemes File 4.1 What ls Phonology? Both shonti and phonology canbe pnealy dered athe sty ofspech sounds Phone, 2 veteared ine previo section mr spc te ty of hie pech sounds proshce “nat hpi proper, and How hey ae iterpted Phonlogy on he oe ae ves teste onanzation a spesh sound ins prs language, Whe we might ind te same Thoth opens English we an este sous ad. The apace word inal dy contains th phones a ns te Engst werd ssh The dence betwee Jape and phone can ding. ning a swe ty words ee san or se whee aerating ‘seni and ate the nang of tetera nh tne phologiesny thatthe ecu ‘ence ol hee sus i unpeletabie,nce we cao ok st the et he word a! gs “hia sound wilecur we kn tht word endsin [pl we cons pei wheter he word wi ‘Ratwith loti once bth pad chip ae cere burp nnd, pate, Rowever tee sande pedal th nomen Sounds te ratte when ne expt om r= tour on cer bund upon he sds at precede Tow weknow Gutapunese word sin wekoow Bt tcp wth] sn exact be {Sn rtf] snc the combat [el dor at cure Japanese However, a Engl we cant fale th predict the sound des appear fon oun ‘Srl th Japan rd Englhcotan he phe andthe languages ler in tht lnyapanese mean predic ocurrenc of one ees hoe and in Engh we ann se ‘oes pane wee el he meng othe wor woul oot shane ted Uh penn would sound funy cave tn acn a ate pester apa Is area {shee ober sane sobatuton in Engh, o he the hanes ene mearing of be word fey to change Imagine colin] al] a saying" have fey] se ene each ‘Ponca ak tee Kind of ution Oa he sous guage, which pri sie what nthe phone tet that lowe uo pet he occurrent sound? Which tounde ant he eaning sf word? in the olan fe we wil how tower te fe toe he wl examine Engl 2 wel a oe guages You wl Seveop the “il ea ot a [popes determine whch sounds ate prdiable and whch ate he mening oe wor Distinctive and Nondistinctive Sounds Inet languages son conde ob “ame sound, even tough tes may be ‘Phone dic For example native spears of Engl conse hei ly tobe he ee otha ip, ven though te frmer oi athe lite ses ace Fle, Ityouack aati specie of gle how many ifr sounds he epee yt dens ‘The Valo Sounds: Phones = —_ ett simu ae el fn tp sep ie ines hunter santig prey alt yo Bat ft pal aye es fe) at yu tab ine tie eam pronounce sgh enaty ene co the ret the mening of he slates sound willbe epaned shy) Teoeee ie ee gu Conca wba he 1 sous ik tread camps butte suena an eee lel (ep) tists) ae eect burt ogo ni ater trata np Tat potted pon hehe alii ea st apc sau beansrted own min plan op pci ne ety eet iin he ie ns whe ont ann spa ny vole or mast spenesel Aer ngs nvin Expr) en ore ice isjenounced aap [mh eth rin push wont the [pal ool al ns ‘prone withthe ae sound we ea ne expan “ava a a sop) sewed ‘ec i aie le a pci ate Forse spear of American Engine sph word is hast ae pronounced ssf but es Ty al yey ee se sing 11 Any my sabe tansrbelina wy attest difere prc area Ce (wet ant fen Senos whos linusttrig woul pet rol nesta a he eae words havea 1 and would nee be consent ie dns ike saps, ent ong, them. Ins aru pyle he hove words doduvea On oer haw noe sprue sours when speaking other Hindi. Tos speaker of Hind the aspitat diese os unaspated(p tombtoour ea Te inference beacon added ys mn rat Hes othe geesPhonology [sn idndperon bai Semon fap) ap feap) phen (pal eat et ‘me tl Tom oso a ie oe Stina cine openers cod a et cate bitter satiate ae yoru ea rete re recharge Sep ens Rann ats esc tego Eo teu teks np WN | nine 6K tothe above snap. 1 18H he mt "ites elton) ae alo ‘The Value of Sounds: Panes Fea tones he same pooemein Engle, which wean el. Homeve in ind hese sound [lepones aie phoneme Nate Fw sym epmaentng Fons ewe te ich cet thst tem ra yblsepsnting Pence ems wo Cah $5 hare phot 1 baste opens nop eas Fp Ud en Dail) S010 in Bor whore prononeed tal Fg Tehowow te phoneme irae iealghone an how th nd phones ang #7 ae we thc phones Eo ‘se ere alone, sonst we ature ut cose tobe he same On he and te ind alophons ian [P a aloponectalfen phonemes. "ye ecg eh ingult aenp sw the poll ten of langue ast vets Th mee cence te tepals opment Seabophonee Phoneme something more briactNote i when ng gr ound lo peices its mcaty to appeal pychaes rons He meatng Ts cde ‘ect phoneme oleate “nema tspin ng sutra poems he fom in which we sor sounds nour emery make nearer wort tem phonemes Bene 8 Imuctmow fica note information abou phn ta Ace wil m,n ee nout Sephora fom wed an prdn om omc om. eso wen weet ‘apeicular tatou the worl tht hep mat bape Wis Se sulamatly when ee anid need eh hen based tony orga proces pho alan the pence /p/—or nate er. nee raven ip analyte he prove /p, he rato ese sete ne pees ER prchelopeacemept they ant dl oberae inseam ore Onl lope of phonemes ae "he poe ia of Eguchi sgt ith ive sen ab theword orth sree: Native speaks eal owe of phones ina umber tw ‘Nivea gh pent aa og he nga sy (8 af ey hn, ering ah [ip hoce hos dover eine ely ego urs has) oes Rec, FieS2tharinstsotthe way acon ptanccaly compl costing led immedi yi Esty chic be arc eter enor sft] ve see {eepracm ie ronanion ge oacte 2 nbnplt no tive sper weld mesh ‘rovtat wuld ive siting pis phantc crponrs youl veterhear hea asp Krctlade of phonemes is so reread a pling siems. Fo xampe,Englch ie ot ave spuae tes oP mip te th pl th the leer pcg he ns shoe thatthe ng peting system ish ier npomuciaon at de elt ening data Forte spat te Engle pling vote step provi spol = wo ‘sees phot sagen ogo spe ting pte ten ob ponerse an Prectc ough ny shew tar gat witty giana Distribution of Speech Sounds “he concep of phoneme and sophone ar te oar oi org a ploy tor eunds he cntoive of Ro td souns spare hemes en the fe opeech ‘ounda ee inice the te phones a slophans ct tamper they ae ee‘ Phonology The Value of Sounds Phonemes — z Files ae any ofp oma ng mn ane eeu r [Consider the data i pees a higher la urounded vowel ve we deena the ptening of an [apace and Engh Rec hat wea mv e that i Engl hse vo sands could alec he earings a won! based on examples ke op] paw] Sip and [spl sp, were he two swag ve ned bythe cece of lo Te (mt ‘ens hat hands [ad [re constve in Eng (oat el gt gs once. The man at whe tl vowel are ene (eae length Lev pronounced forthe same moto tie changing teenth of a Engl vows trio! ching he aig othe wrt resample the vowesof he wrt the ef clan bee Towel short whe ose on the ig along anon tase wth eb red foi) ha feel red th) ved) ba tes) cae Weal co than) se {heel hy Lite we wil nant ow ane a poi wth onl wlle nga sor depending wpe iceneuonmen! in Engl someone west pronounce bi witha ng rowel (x) this weed tot hung the meaning ofthe word er woul prenoweing hr wh short vel in hol Ibpanss omever larg an shr ome acon hanging th eg os va in apaese ‘Sh ones change th meaning fhe wor This ra inthe pu hdl es nd thal enply ory aapehet pene owe hich sein th speerinte yh ehok The vowel. Ths eane at vel ang apostle a Eglh but ipo io wot neg puree “ein ot which sounds ae ought by 2 athe ses se sare sound an which tingge Inter wos lng ty tdaconer wha he phoneme ange ae examin, Thedattbuen of ht lange: phones, The aro ta phone the ot ponte en ‘mens in which it eccrs For mpl est Fle 8 tat aaa! vowel in Eglsh pee TReenvroentefsnatlcesonat Mow precy lings would dexbe the darbation of ‘lah [Shand 90m y eating hl they ecu mmectly preceding al cena in general peter wl tes! phonetic fleece beeen to for ro) uns Sly serene choice bee the sounds a change the mega wnd—thi yan ese tin [min whether ho stunds ins langue: inte ely mel pis Aull p pte resound hn irs When ou fd x ial ie You hoy tat be sour ha vas itm one word tote ter conta U out yu cant any sual pein Eg, tanya language you km ll The aa an] a] em tome hat) ind oper eg eee ant estan ae teow and nt The words Pla len conte miata Hin, Teading pan [pl Sd (mont not nial iri Ho. Bt nace tat hee nero Englah nina pats vaing [Pan fp These unde ae reer since ‘nate tot eanpein wich wolangunger make ier ations wing te same stotscunde In talah ts pombe ind minal pain whe sd (ae sate ore en ih a: ik lack fk] owen an (ae neve since Korean Ath np hi ining cnet rd ln Kevan ese ‘eon paren ers pats cn aterm penta Ae ca See ae ee sre a proper of teste vamp but tv al Rasen wens nie ee nea Sees hse pro apa ang eho ee (oc i a am ergo pt lyn sas vce ster onl arya oe cae ‘en hts yen pce eh aan echo ee ial pie nt an a contin Sanh eT TH i Spek glow Spm gio se ate pms py oa Ge Se ee mob po Ne tm mpi an Beles eevee tees re esisg Testament te cnanren Peper nice a See emer na Siewtepanstann at are et ey | Sa = let = ™ ia4 Phonology ‘ou can see hat the set of nvr fe pail sao af BN sods occur ‘Yorn befor» vwe an ty bah tr etre a (0 out cant Se {oo sour sot ie oweve beni fo an ecu wort ly Bef ht fal ent Neverel helet of ponephnwcenzooments era and we say ts oe {noverappngdistbaon a ngish, ‘Sire bat not lls he paragraph ow) sunt ha ae ppg est ce Sringeri htt ay al ey ae ‘ot Cari bean} words above hl ms mal pln ed and Iota The ice between andl in the enviemert{_hie arden awa ifn the meanings se words use th dferonce ewe] sn cn el antat in eatng ut de ands en we yt dfn coteate latroten As ‘ute dn or cotati) pane eld bing alobone separate ho. ‘anes Thur [bl wan lophone cl the hore 7, ands en sophie ite rane Complement cn it the oppo forensic. Fo nersand teak te ole or exalt set of pope yore a ey ies mare canbe vided inthe eto pple who an rearing ase tot people whee ck eo epee Plecomplant each tes Ty ae uly exe re tonovesppingbuttgehe hy ake “pthewholechs Tvl thy recompense ‘Now scone ings ramp The sous [pan pce in Ergon wo such ra ops) pe lee oa eal pot tall at tee et iH Ayo ca sn pa pnt nove stan: they donot occu nth same phan ‘enim a they ay compen baton [pf curs er Dl not wot aly. pl ecu wore tt ot afr). There no rai pas nvng po test sere tee cond spear in dere! phone evconmens thee can Ben prof words compe fea stings sound exe fot ps ae (the oes Phones at “Songientry dation a slophons sale hone eh case pl and ipa oh a lepton fhe phone we ca sepa! /p/ The appearance foe alpine oe thes preteen hoe sooner in ceplementry tn, Haw wh pod at) [Betzevor pl sppenein wedi postion nm tera toe tes above tap] {eatgenr ph wit fon lan oher wore To summarizes pho» dab the destin of hone envio in si phoney app het gute dee a home’ toon they dere he clean. el fretoeich ate ter more) pes wilteinovesappingorcmplarentary debaton hey srincrapping tribute erin contre ute oe ain, hance In comsastve datuton may apps ina prs and ae alone 9 ies Phen Phonsin re varaton ay ape sae ht eon ut eve ease Stn ‘reuing thy te allophonecol thane phoneme nether Lind of ontoppgdstebuton gens ‘ecu hegtceviormert ich [oe—Jor [Tene cant pret whch te phones wil cur the wo (to phe a compleeniny datribuson vr appearance eat Poetic environmen at fs tat peta they neve pea nil iy, {nd they se aloghones fhe same phaner=e, * The Value of Sounds: Phonomes Files Free Variation “phe hone tat aren oveapping deta rie yr. As tn exp Consie thea Toning words ota pen al am Fie ip pent ela wale ap tip ee (ip ~ (a) om ‘ear row (tp tp leapt ow Dep = “ap {shoud ca tht exe sounds rao i veppng Sau becom ey Sas we theme einen ey can both pen = thee 3 words Unie he) we esompe however, rae Roiutl pas thc at Altgh hres pats of mascara the ‘Soetoro ton rants es sweat posn, Te tastive spe sure [p20 [plata feta re pe ‘Seda ing the “same sound ane coelde fatty aspen: thesame phoneme Exercise cok te folowing Utssinian won cntning he sc ss Te sua {end (este pleuzed vronsol lord fh Pizasn sounds ine nomad ah Sie onthe crsnent ey ae of] 20nd Toye nny You hone ish dts oe ou gpg tation oi rn ‘pegetiabaip you ty meena pas tH (1 te 6 Sts bt tia mae mB ce 3 Spa tae tye ob Gry est 2 Si Say St SoPhonology —— File 4.2 Phonological RulesPhonology Phoneme orm henmsk/ ——fienbeh/ hang rp ate ‘sna emick —kegge Phone frm (ext tharmtek]—(expgel “Tis strats what pene in pking sing, a hearse hs pre: he of be pe 1 ‘Siva the pone la clan uleane en sede aware hog the polo ae ‘lly asngs phone fom ht etches fem sae! nme | ‘Of enue rors fet ene Pca! ue may ap a orm. Fr example, cme the vod pla Aspener wire tha word in neony tthe sting pow Sat whe he Sab uters the word apps he equ ef soup What te para pon Inge ale enue ode [pa] om pl? fecal om Fle 38 our dacs of ep ‘cletope ocelot, nd engheed vorels Sateen oat whee oh of te Ende of phone ns ortie plano et th tbe alee valved in deing [Pa] Ir path ling parts one ‘Aspion: Vole ops ecm sited whan they cra te beginning a tessa Lge ane Ge ong igus nd gies ie ces when thy acu lowing Yee ‘owe Lantnning Vows ome lang when your cena void cinsnin Given hee re, we cn dese the desiaton of [iam ple lows: Aspiration rie LE Dewcng Pie ‘ngtheing Pe (et Ciassification of Phonological Rules Same phakic can be sf acting then of proces tty inv, These Process ae jute in att sounds Four mje Hn of roses lon {ssmiatonerton ander nec ee lng wth emp om the phology 1 Rls invling naman ae # sound Bc mon he a ighoring oun with spect oso ature he wae he spate bythe ule slats or kes on Somaya aut sn sno ng he use appli foal alvaarops and 3s wel ste a hp J ne sap Alveso tps inten plc of alton flowing con Phonologial Rae Fie62 ‘Thus when asound having the feature svt np ketal precedes bil cosar san hs ul causes en ore aba hey replacing oil este fo pice ot ‘tzu, ses Say. ee can apply chante sous az ofan ere "dona when i precedes «deta! erwnant (eal ample ach a ea en ad Boy and 2 a foe ter plas of ariaation, ud ae ge evg anther eam Eng ul of asin, So vowel me satiation by mow youthoul babe prvde some her iy acd one acon Fe 38 Some languages sucha Tua have esl vnethameny which mle ki of ong «fstance asian: they Wp ena te vows word gen ope oto hares Ssh asraunding or oes some faire These ar mucins omen alten bu ancnanplee/ desu it Engl or sme apne) th flowy Ftetv sintaton 0 changes lowing ates aie, or example, the Word fh i phonic /(40/ bu is fen pronounced s il ini sis ns sn thse nampa /8/ bcos le ean jet eae cen sane dows tug achangenitomannr of atl, by becoming 0, eto bepronain toma ward Exp Eng ths hn ale ase saneplacel arian athe aa ee total sep nserton is opal etd bela sd worl vowet ‘Thus for insane, the wees ep intone may apy to the wor ices, Stents ae. a hmster Pn, causing the abe pronounced a en teh, and them epee Ate plata top seeron ac can oper o ele the Phoneme form of Tar abil ts 21 a [tal uc fa as Paw 4. elt rls miata ound Ssh esp maven 0 uses labs ‘nein /h/ yb eee in ston Unstnte owe dito: A vn! at porcesgud corso inan usted sable ‘oe fh lation ee woul pp) 1 sete cha Bs at i ‘beta Rot 1 yd ry hl He rated vowel don sue provides eu Piss such an por pla pian nite ele] Triana sed Dy a Engh Seah. Natc tat rel phono oe eatinPhonology pig: Alva ral tops ae elit 3 [i when the ocurred vowel and fo amuntoned be rer fey + eythane (eae) > ery ae examples oft appt ot tine Not tat vig anton vlog change toll the 1 thon te “vokene” fhe woe rounding “Anat common pheveopie es pale. abtalatin first x apc ype ‘assinltonin which ssn bcos kes neighboring sun. orem When Aecan Engl pene y Diya? ply hy very en pooner Dow ao The ound] fis en tured i «pint soca Seuss of th eluce fe faowang pa ie oweletaocrv thschange- The vowels ut sen repo fara ane) Fora = atltom Pie ihat opens eve sands eae he vowel itn mabey bese iiotaleady) the sound [This s+ type of pasa a wel sf comes] we ‘huds to // nat coon esa panacea whan stp oF Wclves ae thetange canyon elt app beloreaont vowel Sheen all common pss fof patzaen: [I-92 elo sl a( rsh, Nove that both alveolar. {Grd velo conte pulled Three vss ptalition a ther sound canbe fallin, bat he mat ings lok forse (1) 3 sound Beconng 4 pal andor) 2 sound ‘Shang condtond byt ot vowel or high front vowel ally, er conf thepoces of pal ‘aati mith he condnyatclaton kaon a palatine secondary atcanton es tea iy sound on he comnat(r eay (a) Smet te scary alton ple ‘aon aces esas the pong pre of plata ‘Note nan hone rls my De algal pon Obligtry Englishes in ‘ade apieton vowel asaizsen, eel gto lied ed ide devin. Such a Sinaysptest heopncofalapelersats lang or ict hang lege spe ‘rtteol speaking Teste ol gary mts ae cen er) sda itil totic bt ey Srean important part fanatvescent Fortney te itor ust ele some! ‘Sized inEnglsh but he appt ol vowel slat ake i und Me ative sea yeh Optima! phonology on te other Ra may ea) 0 Py on anon tosh Opn les ane espns fo vation nape for example, cn pronounce fen 187s cher an fons depending on wheter Aivcle Sep Asinlston ppd st tet Then of option ules depends apa ane ofaenth Ofte ean ee Ton destin ar ued ee equety ncaa spent non seer ofthe les dace Wy Have Phonological Rules? trchphinene thaw ely oo slaps lowing psn phot orr fworkfbe the ‘Sn Ter ame to taun ensone fore enistence ef parlors Ba neues he {jcne ofcourse bponncr When er ny Genta fen we proce wo ‘Enalsound nave (sing seg ip gente tend main a lela nln hen babi [oltwing oo eres geste) Mowe relation ests oh ft at Heat epee {otegin owesing he etm (lowing tee tno the al en) alee, ang © Towel tan isp aia ul he begin tess casera beianing fasted yale lene aod minora ay contrat one of alan Ute so focton to perv inmaton sd mak sods tani pte, Whe ty 2 pe Files te some phonetic icy, ty do soy emphating phat property othe sound sing See. our ump of tcatve sian when becomes itxcomes ar iret the tnguctip cry invlved fy /0/ prac Wee: tp iran sve {0g dct foo ara aren 10» vols ive stato which eure hat Be Sponkor ene the sop crue of ets a evn pes esa met at Bed siry fl) teil owt foal Dt Bow fpere/ 9 Ipsral tage Pag a frat fers) test new fies > (aoa Soy feo! lope feet herd) the corns fengy fhe 1. Example keh folowing ar very comer in ag osu Jeasya/ fxs fin data Caphe—Phpye? Uap) yume Tera UgetadPhonology is rete fail tt tet Fmt Fibs vs = fest bel a nn ) oe a a ) bat tale fee ted Bieter evening) ep hi fea” tog Bete owe food Sit for fina tl See File 4.3 How to Solve Phonology Problems Senor import uno agi ir gi ot gel td Bharat tanscpton Ths posure bse Ue flowing stesso! pater of 1. Phoneme me dtinclns y maning Io sunds ater f spas phonemes, 5. hppa trac heh abpn wap atone hl ‘Trusty aang pater nna ply rm ip wim How to Do.a Phonemic Analysis Athough a phonemic analy can be pero ‘Nah polem bss gly ns sendy {nt bow, mc anegven ns ay aro phoraepop tere cot aT Fer tel ns) Seb foie iad oka Sx te ee tea te Aepinng with sounds 2a if we stmt t anor the fowing qein ae thee a ante tench alopones are pone ot oe, aie sa pelbgich srt) know arty alors th oane phen Hower he Tet Sang oneness rsa ne wisn aaa eee thn an Tattoo sound gustan we ped went sefrtonacetcrmentin heh esn exit Buju wat owe mem byes? Fe eee racine reeratont fs sour eto ht incon prs sd igh ities cars Fr exampl nse wor gl [iin th enorme =e es re ete and towed bye) ing te yabel copes sword uray. epect echetonnent aghs send ha ofees Ser legs paanen ans deermice whether th surdsinqueion sooruping dation Fat ek er mal pis Suppose fa mama re wee td SSOCRIRENRPSEE ei the dan sve tuna append pl [pad ete dent senigs so dle phentsaly ont by¢ ng ound nthe me pono tsunami aca, ew ne eee crn pone Hove hs mica urement rhe psi Me dean ea 2. Ter ae rina pen tt capone weer no wort phat feo bythe sounds and Bl okt cds tan Tse nv ina pier ny ante wn eter tate phonetcay nyt i fal conan Ts pa of words show Rok eteyaetonesppne tna, Sthagperinthe evento ore eet alan ate veto (are te cece betwee hem doe st meng) ‘Tact gan th dar very hs oben on ou aay oe an) ee edie novropg dbo na tw an sue that ey a cone raion However we tat prove at ne 0) thing eration SOUTER gp ey append we vr rodr oso we need compar he caer oleh ae cound th cst nay td So mabe at for ach cat colossal at indent word onda) a ta ea a Co eos Bol La eo aa Lonceyoutune cll the tf phoneme fo each ound tis ect tp How to Solve Phonology Probl File43 nal hein fia ca men bP. an aol Seocnterp son flsingenthnodscpunehiienew poe yap In appesr atc oc consonant Now stat be vices nbc apen Arh aya des a, Certain ane hued nana far ed ar a aes thetegvingrt ors ane ens wr opt arm aa ss Ta te cata ser \timonais tenth bee neat as of erent och eben iohave ke sod prcrg and ta oat te eds a li shen Ayano ay ot wy er ior cet oe Ths sven sti te spp of ic hcl eels eee il rare spine typed es 2. Lea oman pnt nen Sa we aso impel okt concnar one Moped evans Yk pec ‘Sra se mori et on ape toner wich appear ‘indy even resonant Mone das et apps mer dsr of sr Stn casas er epigenetic ae have ‘cma and compen gp vey td awcnploatny e ee itn sm aopore tae pane ec Sani a tan a ao ae wrt wt {tl ths cay ty eng af ecu lowing voto cents How Si wea {ecinnbutionl fo We could ty outing our rs 8 1a] apa fllowig voces coneanans {tl appenfotowig sed onsmantscr vows orathebepning rend ofa word oeve ths ot ey suc frm ee Tosi eal a wherever in cur ica se pote none tm conlancni wT cah In) appear foiningvokelescontonts Ii) appertelewte rine he tif he pone andi saphon_This nent epi writing he ae se dicing ure phoneme fo whch tee sounds Elan shuld tn oer 3020, e {endo dae whch ofthe lphene the bai allaphane and wich she rece allophone chive deine tht the condoning ewaeert [cma singe eral le ol tuna farted ocean only ee, wheres ay appear anywhere ee Tete we ‘tnd fs the mse lope a the anon tae eae to ame te pho ‘Same ate tba alophore,sncettcoe aan onan wer ary of cote Fu {hemor tetas lepine issu ob the cova pronation te mena sun at {fees ment nang nao ee eau pom eset php naa pon hn 105Phontogy ay ofthe abophones mou ev equal wellasheramecl he pate) See erste on sur rane mot, Te ase fle blow ea i fon ounced chat we eth chs ama yb mepeaeting pons and a the gestae bagi he nvm specie Jef hf ater sles consort: if 2 eee a phere rou Fle 42) Inthe rus voce phonene changes lo 2 wees snd Eel seeds sand nthe word, Becomes mare ke = prseding 2 Teresi ot vtlesnese Teyfrwe ci cence atthe procs of xanaton ‘invented nth pnelgil le ‘Some Potential Trouble Spots ‘Te pocatre cut! inthe previ set wil work for any langungefr which mabe ove TeESpons cst However begins son conf can questions. Ternearce yu dexter tot yo minal paseo wo sounds, it possible to conhude satay they oe hayona ste ene ota? No esti ce oshow ‘SoTtesounds am insomplementry dette, ane sone epee arr pron ‘None the tn onene eens St happesif you make decison oe 00a. Use the dat pred ath pvning te evi acon spose you want too whet a a allphones of ‘Elta phone Sie tow au mural ps deta thse oan. ang oe rehearse ne Buta exanatn of tedta eens tt the wre ‘Rech ising dats theeevanteriorment You Ui somapngete Ate nese net 1m appease i rie ‘Poemltin tapprs are peeing ced ot word but here aren geerazaons © make out whe [fn] acu fc tet abuts cane tna ocorat the inning owed (Ofcourse, speaker of Engish soul ave 0 TERE inne ol muninal yar olin te wo source Hower thedata you wil be gvene horaog piclens wil esac or youtosle ne problems) EE tam a tng rel casein th eovsment rie [go [no pheno calms con be erponste orf dustin Ard they oe oti complement onc be Sh cen rent th pings of wot oe wh aati cn be mae BEESON LEicbioc tac on sacha denen te vbos showing tat ial pis eee aterm way of showing ht turds ae meer of erate phoneme ot be ‘Sev oeceatwey pense nd unit pie fora inti souc For expe thee ae serait pain ineiing i ant ntrgtah they beng opr poner ba hey TREE plone poperite and no phones rl dtrmses whee hy can occ Hog to Solve Phonology Problems Fess The sange fests orienting pronemes an be bondennd samen by the wef a= nna pee Reval teins ur apes were ieng mmamngt phoney {aleacpl or one sour in tease pate in enh nt The dena eeu pa the same except tat the wot a et etl x forte one saund Fox expla, Rd Th and rt fo om earl pining I] ao We ae iin saying at [hander alopone pst ponemes bn concabe pha rle woul et. tony hi a te Degings of wor eng in arly (te Bognings of words ending ‘ou ‘One fa pint abut min uit hal we have mdf thm 2 pair of wore ‘hat ye tent nec for tv wade orn deo en sina peop lo ee] a tf for amp, bl et a bt Nore hing siento {palpi f wots a mal ie gay gel apo he to aa save Thininapurbenae bey dovctemtanteeamesoaberstende ‘Alte grt ut fen Poe eins he desig th onset seheh #ssund appt Row da You know whee ool the bio we sve in the previo Section meconseed oly he sounds that prea nd If Tis eat the oa pos ign tingcononng inate cago dongs pono acl that nthe previous section we tenors defined th zeman Sound the ‘anaes nmngs Oconee teu tay aed lak the vowels tat pfs in sant ake, ever ough cena aye ‘re ltmay sna be nceey cotter presding oe lomng wurde een when ey belong fo rotor word hts niente star pews, However bet ean ade Sterol tn ou ring nei a tang ee sng ef ae tt pe. Tan be ogy wa see 1 Fas tes sa he pe: ign ft ws ge mutter dona rata gn Lon, slant and lbalsatin poh tea te yatn mirs con sm n sopeainslingugs to py need ales Bt hee rds sho br ase ny lio pede tyson sae 1 Kein minha ahve epee pole ay, A rote tne te chips cheatin ye ‘toomentn whihisopeas forever tha phonolgl prc has opened Ta wFile 4.4 Phonological Analysis Problems Tes ego ive ou pact sing phonemic nua he oni termediate a ee prawn, However eth pebem ees ty low py a ee Revemctnsias tuned nt prvi Te poles deed ‘SEf utp tig nn rr open et ls sets ta sve Yu tne, te dats ple bw he een ae ee ali mblne yore lost savers cou) 0. Sample Problem 0.0 Mokitese (Anes all eo prblenecan befou in Appendis A) Moki tng poke in Mines. xan the pis and |v Fr ec pi dtr se ect a alopnes fee lances ealoponehue phoneme Provide ‘tse ey oe lores ep ine ha he tpn flops 7 tak] fo 2 (Gupylis) bast fhe} tts Ae] te pail esr smethng 10. tpt ter 5 bypwot 1. pal 6 hams 1 td Phonolopizal Analysis Problems Pn Fess Beginning Problems Sindh “he atoming dat ae rom Ses an Ind-Eoapean language spoken nnd nd Pakistan, am {hehe phones pl Ip and) Osteria aloes of pte phonemes a= {howe im oro Yo ow win heap aogier eae 1 pat say 2. tar om 2 bot arty 5 tel a 2. to spins 9 oa So 4 gat an 10. ona pet 5 a) we 1. tal bene & oud stato 2 bel ite 12° ation Conde the following ats rom alan Aner he questions at fw 1 ta oe 7 ewe lye 2 hendat ew Sp) tape 2 Adana ne 9 ngs) meta 4 too ak 10. frac 5 tel pele 1 fel ste 6 tepone)—p 22 ngs mat fantom howe inal pas? Saath pont osrnmantsinwich he oso an apse ey any atarl ches founda thatapen inthe nice ove {2h lan in coments oc oveippng cab? Place our save16 Korean Inthe lowing Korean word you wil fn the unde) a Deter ‘| ‘tae slophons oth se phnete sacar phones Ihe ound re alepones oe i ‘ins phoneme ie th bs and derived slgoner anne envirmet whieh deed al | Phone ora sshather sou) k ce 18 thas singer i Stet ie 18 ha) gts 5: Kosipl itty 16. [2apseoyan) ascents a = 2 tuna ser st Hie Ye he se eee cece a 6 pees 12 ovate names 7 ated ale 1 pea t ns Phonsogice An us Inthe along alc of Eg here a pica ‘ei segmentconaiton ths hane? What lest) English A 19 prone comes lr set yt ley ley bee Totonac Tossed) latina! fast akg) Maat 5 Protons ae 6 to Ps 7 ty ie 8 leapt te 9. tat we 10 tay pele voted an wlecuvondhin oon omnia sae ‘oe I thesounds ein compara dstrtaion Pod one nt ghee, Nota leprae 2. apa 4 eopy) 8 amp 10 taghal 1 at 2 boyd 2 Coypl 2. nya 24 ty) 1 ayy Fes acct fy othe png What pho- 2) arate these of Sioning te wag apohen a Meso Ate complemented rte mun get ola an i} svea the Japanese data betow. Ares] and [al lophones of ante Span amie pate phones rata Sn prea ee at cee is toma y 1 thea 9 i ae 2 they rom 10, (aoa) nam thyakal——onthantd lorie Biman) a tgotinl 1 toad 5 thal othr nd eo hie 1. bal oy 2. (eal tire 2. Intermediate ta _ cn sage spoken in Mexico, Determine whether pain [6 an oe sone ieemcnsmai F 7 tet ute 2 bist) yet 2 tea pt doce 8. at Doki) ome, etal Securit to. teases) todos 4 beat Sipstant eine 1. eal Pal val eaten) perce ‘Phonaogca Analg Probl Fleas 22 Spanish samt lowing dt fom spas and arsr he guestins whch lo Note p= enue rontd tsa aie, an ly oe ela fc, 1 tie secme pul 2 tapicot te 9 tose aie 2 tage end 10. tel 4 fooptraneol store 1 to as 5 toed tesa 2 tsb 6 timbiernol winter 13 teeth 27 (ype) ety 16 teat taut The phones [adi] ae complet tition a ad Dee Refer to elem Lad he ue fo te tbat ot alps (dad De scribe the dstrbutin of 9 igh nd i th eet nea tere posse ‘sumingench ui afllophones allows he ae ptr 23° Kenyang Examine the fotiowing data ro Kenyan linguage open in Cameron, Arte phones [nd Inhin evasive or ompemenianydctbuton cin fe ronan Wey ae complies {aration give evn fr your ain. Realy what dws hs type ol but rove about be ‘Sends fiond fin Keyang al epresentsa voles ele stop) 1 lena tre 7. tees rm 2 ote c trata tambanng 2. toe ve 9. tea) 4 toga bi 10 (ra 5 eon! 1 (pte 2 nde Earpeon24 Canadian French | a i 1 ta F | \ rr y . | 3 w \ a samp Stem] 6 to sie 25 German boiatcomnatalom Armos 1 wel it 2. fhasl tot 3. th hat 4 tow igh 5 ts sige 6 tant ton Casie he itso Handle as rae fone sunded vows tensa pes preset by oan vis plat Phonology stale) in th data belw Stat the > “aenso af parte prone [0] 2080 7. legs) bem 6 tea ~ thos] le 10. fin) ute Ht ~ fb he woes colori faethe ey dt snethe paiconen 2 bel 1 tet ma 4 prelate op 10. fugit 1 (wel oom 12 econ pce Povoleia! Anais Probons 26 Old English Files {nO English aed 6b ano and fn) we cpementary dtuton Based on the follwing data, whats the dtaton? Thespesia ols vel atv 2 eign 2, fiom «tea 5. tm 6 font 2. thal 5 thos 9: thera 27 Pesian 1, oma 13 Inna 1 at 15 (oor! 16. (tid 1 bese 16 tout 19. Ganga 20. thease eran Farr an eo-Earopean nage which the nt ely spoken egg ran En the fatwing dat do [alban ne oo hee dab pores I ty be lg hse Gh aa kh wt ey oles lee (evoked i 1 at 2 tea 3 tye 4 tea) 5 1s) ol ee) 7 bath sink Meg] tl 9 tattowt] ower 18 0 ka % 1 feel wont 2 It mn‘ Phonology 28 Bukuse kus Ban guage spoken Kany: Tepe) ine ht he va he et perm ost go sno) the rt in th fat pert, anal astbe sprint he po. Femur he word woe proces cur wher [side or aotwrconsnat. {Took these words and thik abou what happening The symbols LL nd] eprese® ‘Spee vtd albania, palstatnaa anda okelen vel teat 2 Idi ty 10. (niet Ici 2 feenda) Ime 1, oa 3 ings) Deh 2 fe) 4 toca) ae 1. ine bina) Dag 16 odo) ta 6 foal as 35 frbale) rm 2. fobuka] er 16. Induel spl 4 tats) teak Var) td 9. tna ea 1, (mba) font How dow the behav a nasal diler whan tnd foe he ler ype of ob eset een atc ca)? 1. Theat pong protest workers What athe? Wea phorologe alr ret tue hei bout these posi] ln Bak Phovological Analysis Problems Fess 3. Advanced 31 Grek Examine he sounds hg and ein the wing dtl eprsets avis eae, {sha vie pla ne, and) avin plat sop. Rho Wessun oe ne "ea which complet tebaton Satedsul e alone, 1. aot “ 10. thn 2. bao) bse 1. (et 2: Io} vr 1 feo & (eno) vom 15. Deine) she 5th storm 16. ft) * Iebira 1. ime leapt 5: al Semin pin 2 ered fen 6 tmz sage 2 tao terse 7. Ima nd‘ Phonology 33 Ukrainian ean ee ettive singular ot saure wih he oa fore ive it Ce Sars coence and vate ase hen cag to or nresing someone a in SRAMGRR cee enenlogil shang been the nmanative ante va, whch sds cain lene Toft ans a agen Wa ae you tacks conetonng a sean? Coys el san fr ‘es palin ete ver eine 1 teat lose beter 2 yumi ume ewgmen a set 4 tones Ips sited Spat pte in 6 imate oot 7 Iplaft fone pl 34 Maltese Motiwina Semitic ngugespoen one and ofa the MaanraenLskat ie low Fe ee a ga careny senrgeaer Near wie aera dabooemmomberng The syrbh pepmsete vols payngeal aire A tafe Dope lets (iets) sein banal ar Iya) te Ian) ome (ima) teomin foc) ter mn) emer (heh) ae ‘tam, mesg oa Was) eo ste thin) eal i amt (eon (pave Sprit Pispnye) the Sm nga fi Phonological Analysis Problems am Bindi ofnite le litied ef daw) he liddaed ete fen) ads Tisha) ect 4 Teenie marist enema hadabve hatha 1 Watiyp of process pone forthe change? How dit alc th defi ste? phenetctrmsin pr BP " mothe various Indefinite Defaite (ancl tee Sa fait) ch TT [eeze) Ste tee gle] Engh fhe alk amp ey tectsEditors of Previous Editions Gthedition, 1998 Stefanie Janvedy Rober Poleto ‘Tracey Weldon Sthedition, 1991 Monica Crabtree Joyce Powers Ath edition, 1987 Carolyn MeManis Deborah Stolenwerk Zrang Zheng Sheng, 3rd edition, 1985 AneteS.Bissante Keith Johnson 2nd edition, 1982 (Cant fean Godt Rex Wallace Catherine oley 1st compilations, 1977-79 Deborah 8 Schafer Jolin Perkins F-Christan Latta ‘Sheila Graves Geoghegan Language Files Materials for an Introduction to Language & Linguistics Seventh Edition Editors Nick Cipollone Steven Hartman Keiser Shravan Vasishth Department of Linguistics The Ohio State University y) Ohio State University Press Columbus