2

Section A [45 marks]

1. The stem and leaf diagram shows the masses (in thousands of kg) of solid waste collected
from a town for 25 consecutive days.

Stem Leaf
3 3
3 8 9
4 1 3 4
4 6 7 8 8 9 9
5 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3
5 5 5 6 7

Key : 3 3 means 33 000kg

(a) Determine the median and interquartile range of the distribution. [4 marks]
(b) Determine whether there is any outlier. . [2 marks]
(c) Construct a box-and-whisker plot to represent the data and comment on the shape of the
distribution. [4 marks]
Solution
𝑟 25
(a) = = 12.5
2 2
𝑄2 = 𝑋13 = 50 000kg A1

𝑟 25
= = 6.25
4 4
𝑄1 = 𝑋7 = 46 000kg B1
3𝑟 3 x 25
= = 18.75
4 4
𝑄3 = 𝑋19 = 52 000kg B1

𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
= 52 000 − 46 000 = 6 000kg A1

(b) Upper boundary = 52 + ( 52 - 46 ) 1.5 = 61

Lower boundary = 46 - ( 52 - 46 ) 1.5 = 37 M1
Hence, 33 000kg is an outlier A1

Q1 Q2 Q3
(d) 33
x
outlier

Masses (‘000 kg)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
D1- box correct , D1 – whiskers correct & labelled correctly (On the graph paper)
The distribution is negatively skewed / skewed to the left B1
𝑄3 − 𝑄2 < 𝑄2 − 𝑄1 or mean < median B1

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2. Two events A and B are such that P A  , P B   and P A  B   .

1 1 1
7 5 3
Find P(B|A’) and determine whether events A and B are independent. [6 marks]
Solution
P A  B  
1
3
P  A  P  B   P  A  B  
1
3
  P A  B  
1 1 1
7 5 3
P A  B  
1
M1
105

P B  A'  P B   P B  A
1 1
 
5 105 M1
4

21

P B  A'
P B | A' 
P  A'
4 M1 for P(A’), M1 for conditional formula
 21
1
1
7
2
 A1
9
 P A  B  
1 1 1 1
Not Independent P(A)×P(B) =   B1 (both)
7 5 35 105

3. A continuous random variable X has the probability density function given by

1
2 ,  1  x  0

f x    k , 0  x  3

 0 , otherwise

(a) Find the value of k. Sketch the graph of f(x) [3 marks]
(b) Show that P X  x    x , 0  x  3 .
1 1
[2 marks]
2 6
 1
(c) Show that E  X   and state the value of E  X  .
1
[3 marks]
2  6
Solution
0 1 3
(a) 
1 2
dx   kdx  1
0

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0
1 
 2 x   kx 0  1
3

1

1
 3k  1
2
1
3k 
2
1
k M1A1
6
f(x)

1 D1
-
2

1
-
6

x
-1 0 3

(c) F  x   P X  x   
0 1 x1
dt   dt
1 2 0 6

0 x
1  1 
  t   t
 2  1  6  0
 1 1
 0    x  0 M1A1
 2 6
1 1
  x
2 6

(d) E  X    xf  x dx
3

1

0 1 31
 x dx   x dx
1 2 0 6

0 3
 x2   x2 
   
 4  1  12  0
1 9
 0 
4 12
1
 M1A1
2
 1 1 1
E  X   = E(X) - 6 = 3 A1
 6

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4. The marks of 7 students of two subjects, Biology (x) and Chemistry (y) are shown in the table
below.
Biology, x 61 90 73 69 64 83 76
Chemistry, y 50 64 60 54 56 62 68
(a) Calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient [3 marks]
(b) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient. [3 marks]
(c) Explain briefly the differences between the two values of the correlation coefficients
obtained. [1 mark]
Solution
Biology,x Rank Chemistry,y Rank d d2 x2 y2 xy
61 7 50 7 0 0
90 1 64 2 -1 1
73 4 60 4 0 0
69 5 54 6 -1 1
64 6 56 5 1 1
83 2 62 3 -1 1
76 3 68 1 2 4
516 414 2
∑𝑑 = 8 38672 24716 30814
M1- Ranking M1 Values
68
Spearman rank correlation, rs = 1   0.8571 M1A1

7 72 1 
730814   516 414 
Pearson rank correlation 
738672   516  724716   414  
2 2

2074
  0.7736 M1A1
4448 1616 
Pearson rank correlation is sensitive to extreme values. B1

5. The following table shows the average unit selling price (RM) and quantities sold of four
brands of television in a shop for the year 2010 and 2011.
2010 2011
Brand
Price (RM) Quantity Price (RM) Quantity
A 5200 20 5800 15
B 3800 120 4200 100
C 2500 560 2600 600
D 2000 490 2200 460

(a) Using 2010 as the base year, calculate the Laspeyres price index and Paasche price index
for year 2011 [4 marks]
(b) Comment briefly on the difference between Laspeyres and Paasche price indices. [1 mark]
Solution

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5800 20   4200 120   2600 560   2200 490 

Laspeyres price index   100
5200 20   3800 120   2500 560   2000 490 
= 107.28 M1A1

5800 15   4200 100   2600 600   2200 460 

Paasche price index   100
5200 15   3800 100   2500 600   2000 460 
= 106.98 M1A1
Laspeyres Price index uses the old quantities as weights where as the Paasche Price index uses
the current quantities which are smaller as weights; which reflects the prices are relatively
cheaper in 2011. B1

6. The table below shows the income tax collected (in million, RM) of each quarter for the past
3 years.
Quarter
Jan - Mar Apr - Jun Jul - Sep Oct - Dec
Year
2013 12 25 20 55
2014 21 36 34 70
2015 35 50 40 95

(a) Using the multiplicative model, calculate the seasonal indices for each quarter. [8 marks]
(b) State with a reason which quarter has the largest seasonal effects. [1 mark]
Solution
Income Tax Centred 4-quarter
Year Quarter collected moving average Y/T
Y(RM million) (T)
1 12
2 25
2008
3 20 29.125 0.68670
4 55 31.625 1.73913
1 21 34.750 0.60432
2 36 38.375 0.93811
2009
3 34 42.000 0.80952
4 70 45.500 1.53846
1 35 48.000 0.72917
2 50 51.875 0.96386
2010
3 40
4 95 M1A1 M1

Quarter
Year
Jan - Mar Apr - Jun Jul - Sep Oct - Dec
2008 - - 0.68670 1.73913
2009 0.60432 0.93811 0.80952 1.53846
2010 0.72917 0.96386 - -
Total 1.33349 1.90197 1.49622 3.27759
Mean M1A1
0.666745 0.950985 0.74811 1.638795
4.004635
(x) Adjustment 0.9988 0.9988 0.9988 0.9988 A1

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Seasonal
0.6659 0.9499 0.7472 1.6369 M1
Variation
Seasonal Indices 66.59 94.99 74.72 163.69 A1

Quarter 4(Oct – Dec) shows the largest increment; 63.69% increment relative to the trend for
the income tax collected (RM million), thus Quarter 4(Oct – Dec) has the highest index. A1

Section B
7. A discrete random variable X has the following probability function.
 1
 x9  x  , x  5,7,8
n
f x   116

 0, otherwise
where n is a constant.
(a) Determine the value of n and sketch the graph of f(x). [4 marks]
(b) Calculate the mean and variance of X . [5 marks]
(c) Find the cumulative distribution function, F(x) and sketch the graph of F(x). [4 marks]
(d) Find P(5< X ≤ 8). [2 marks]
Solution
f(5) + f(7) + f(8) = 1
1
54n  1 7 2n  1 81n  1 M1
116 116 116
54  72n  81n  116
n

522n  72n  108  0

5u 2  7u  108  0
5u  27 u  4  0
2n  4  22
A1
n2
Thus,
 1
 x9  x  , x  5,7,8
2
f x   116

 0, otherwise

f 5  , f 7   , f 8 
20 7 2
29 29 29

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𝑓(𝑥)

20
−
29

16
−
29

12 D1, D1
−
29

8
−
29

4
−
29

| | | | | 𝑥
0
2 4 6 8 10
 20   7   2  165
(b) Mean , E  X   5   7   8  
20
// 5 A1
 29   29   29  29 29

   20   7   2  971
E X 2  52    7 2    82    // 33
14
A1
 29   29   29  29 29
 
Variance, Var(X) = E X 2  E X 
2

2
971  165 
  
29  29  M1A1
934 93
 // 1
841 841

20
c) 5 ≤ x < 7, F(x) = f(5) =
29
20 7 27
7 ≤ x < 8, F(x) = f(5) + f(8) =  
29 29 29
20 7 2
x ≥ 8, F(x) = f(5) + f(7) + f(8) =   1 M1, M1
29 29 29

 0 , x5
 20
 ,5  x  7
F  x    29 A1 (cum. Values), A1(range of values of x)
27
 ,7  x  8
 29
 1 ,x 8

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𝐹(𝑥)

1 −

D1, D1
20
−
29

10
−
29
(d) P(5<x≤8) = f(7) + f(8)
9
= 29 M1A1

| | | | | 𝑥
0
2 4 6 8 10

8. The results of a survey on the annual wage, RM y × 103, and work experience, x years, of 8
management executives are are given in the following table:

Work Experience, x 8 5 10 13 6 9 11 7

Annual Wage, y 25 18 28 34 20 26 29 21

(a) Draw a scatter diagram for the above data and state the relationship between the annual
wage and work experience of the management executives. [2 marks]
(b) Find the equation of regression line of y on x in the form y = a + bx, expressing a and b
correct to two decimal places. [6 marks]
(c) (i) Estimate the annual wage, to the nearest thousand RM, of a management executive with
12 years of work experience. [2 marks]
(ii) State with a reason whether it is appropriate to use the regression line to estimate the
annual wage of an executive with 20 years of work experience. [1 mark]
(d) Calculate the coefficient of determination and interpret the value obtained. [4 marks]
Solution
(b)  x  69 ,  y  201,  x 2
 645,  xy  1832,  y  5247 B1

81832   69 201 787

b   1.972 M1A1
8645   69 
2
399

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201  69 
a  1.972   8.1165 M1A1
8  8 
y  8.12  1.97 x A1
(c) (i) y = 8.12 + 1.97(12) = 31.76
Thus, annual wage = RM 32 000 (nearest thousand) M1A1
(ii) Its NOT appropriate since 20 years is outside the range of the 5 to 12 years work
experience given. B1(both)

81832   69 201

(d) r 
8645  69 85247  201 
M1
2 2

787
  0.9928 A1
399  1575
r2 = 0.9856 A1
98.56% of the variation in the annual wage is explained by years of working experience. B1

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Annual Wage, y
RM 103

40 -

X
30 -
X X
X
X
20 - X X
X

10 -

| | | | | | |
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Work Experience, x yrs

D1 – diagram correctly drawn

Strong positive linear relationship between annual wage and work experience B1

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