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    21 views42 pages

    Circuit Breaker Testing CB Compendium PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bhavik Prajapati

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    programma CIRCUIT BREAKER TESTING COMPENDIUM ender Sig They ‘SWEDEN 2(24) Cirenit Breakers The purpose of a circuit breaker is to protect the equipment to which it is connected and also the personnel who use this equipment. This can be accomplished using a number of different design principles: * via monitoring systems based on gas monitors, temperature monitors, pressure monitors, speed monitors or relays. + via commands issued by humans such as emergency stop commands. To implement the above, a circuit breaker must: * grip to prevent damaging feult currents from reaching the equipment, thereby interrupting operating currents. * Provide mechanical/electrical disconnection and protect personnel from injury. * Provide reliable, safe disconnection of all poles. Moreover, when the equipment is started (turned on), the circuit breaker shall function as a starter switch for the entire system and/or a part of the system. This function must be carried out safely via all poles. 3(24) Design Principles Circuit breakers are designed in many ways. Many of them differ primarily with regard to the design of the poles. Moreover, the operating systems may be of different designs and types. The pole arrangement can be based on different designs and/or characteristics, depending on (among other things) the extinguishing medium (cooling medium and/or current- interrupting principle such as blowing or cooling). Types of poles (breaker elements) oil Vacuum Gas (SF6) Airblast Solenoid-type breaker Air breaker tae at ce Electrical (Spring load motor) Air pressure/Pneumatic Hydraulical Electromagnetic nee The above devices have their mechanical construction in common, which involves disturbance sensitivities (corrosion, wear, humidity, cold, heat, age, lubricant). It is very often very small details which disengage/detach the stored energy which is required when operating a breaker. An investigation done by CIGRE shows that 60-90% of all faults in breakers are mechanical faults. 4(24) Testing = How and Why Since circuit breakers serve as active protective devices in highvoltage circuits, they must function as planned. If they fail to do so, any fault or faults that arise will persist, and this can lead to dangerous feult currents (short-circuits) and e like. It simply doesn’t make sense to purchase monitoring equipment (relays, monitors etc.) if the active device in the chain fails to function as planned. But even in situations where a circuit breaker can be expected to carry out its primary function (connection/disconnection) as planned, it is advisable to check all parts and functions that might have a negative effect on the connection/disconnection Procedure. Any persistent fault in this procedure can seriously damage other equipment in the system. The items to be tested are listed below together with the reasons for testing them. 1. Contact resistance (measured with Micro Ohmmeter) - Prevents heat transfer at the breaking point, contact points and physical coupling points. 2. Opening and closing times - Minimizes damage caused by fault currents. - Minimizes damage caused by overvoltages. 3. Close + open (attempt to close in the presence of a Continuous opening signal). - Opening shall take place rapidly when an attempt is made to close in the face of a continuous fault (thus limiting damage). 4, Inter-phase operational concurrency - The closing of all phases must occur virtually simultaneously to prevent single-phase connection and the like from causing overcurrents and improper sequences that can trip protective relay circuits. - All phases must open virtually simultaneously to prevent overvoltages and overcurrents that cause abnormal wear on moving and fixed contacts. 10. 5(24) Tripping voltage (lowest operating voltage) Closing coil, opening coil, spring-tensioning motor - Circuit breaker operation must not be jeopardized by a low operating voltage (IEC 56). Damping operating device movement - Avoid mechanical damage - Bouncing Coil timing - Closing coil - Opening coil - Check for sluggishness in the armature/release mechanism Damping movement of the main contacts - Avoid mechanical damage to plugs/poles = Avoid re-closing caused by bouncing Functioning of the auxiliary contacts - Coils cannot withstand continuous energization = Coils must not be exposed to sporadic pulses ~ Make certain that the pulses sent to the closing coil and the opening coil arrive when the circuit breaker is to be opened and closed respectively--and at no other time. Speed of the moving contacts at closing time and opening time - Prevents burning of the contacts - Prevents re-closing during opening - Prevents arc establishment during closing - Incorrect speed can cause the circuit breaker to explode 1. 12. 13. 6(24) Simultaneous opening of breaking points that are connected in series - Because a single breaking point is not enough to break the entire voltage. (Note that several small stroke- lengths can equal one large stroke-length. Parallel resistor’s connection time in relation to main contact operating time - Avoid burning the resistor - Check the operating time Insulating capacity of vacuum bottle (between main contacts) The insulating capacity of the vacuum bottle should be measured using the VIDAR, since there are no specifications available for a vacuum breaker regarding the state of the insulating medium, as compared with the oil used in a minimum-level oil circuit breaker. 7(24) How_often shall circuit breakers be overhauled/tested How often and when shall a circuit breaker be tested? There are a number of factors that determine the intervals between testing, and they depend on both pole design and device design. A_new circuit breaker shall be tested within one year (because of the warranty). Old circuit breakers and circuit breakers in operation that cause trouble must be overhauled/tested every third year. Circuit breakers that are in operation must be overhauled/ tested for a number of reasons: * Number of closings/openings made Type of breaker (air, oil, gas or vacuum used for extinguishing the arc) Number of closings/openings relative to current Openings caused by short circuits Ratio of serious to non-serious short-circuit openings. Type of device Recommendations made when the equipment was delivered Experience gained on the job Importance of how sensitive the system is to disturbances Age of the system Environment (cleanliness, high or low temperatures, humidity, corrosive agents) 8(24) Blo The safety-designed Power Supply Unit B10 is primarily intended to protect the system, the TM16 and personnel. It is also used to supply test equipment and devices that are being tested. It is a complete waste of time to use the system batteries or the like to supply service equipment, devices being tested and test equipment. It should be noted here that all testing involves temporary connections, and this always entails considerable risk for mistakes. Such mistakes must not disturb or affect other system equipment that is in operation or associated primary/secondary devices. A system can be put out of operation by a battery in several ways. A battery can trip part of the system or the entire system; and it may not be able to provide enough power to enable a protection device to operate somewhere in the system. Thus, a power failure could result through an uncontrolled tripping action, or even worse, a breakdown (for example, exploding circuit breakers). Using the B10 in the circuit that supplies a device provides one very important advantage: the required minimum voltage is applied to the closing and opening coils. It is vital that the coils close or open the circuit breaker at about 65% of rated voltage. This is because perfect circuit breaker operation must be guaranteed even though the battery fails, for some reason, to supply full-capacity power. However, the coils must not operate if the voltage drops too low, since this would mean that the coils are being supplied with the wrong voltage or that the circuit breaker’s blocking devices are not engaged correctly. It is advisable to test the minimum voltage before commencing testing/servicing so that any faults can be detected in advance. Moreover, this test must always be conducted after servicing is finished, and it must be entered into the test report. The B10 is also used to supply the spring-tensioning motor, the operating devices, the different types of auxiliary equipment and the like in connection with testing, starting up, etc. 9(24) 10(24) vacuum test Previously, the only way to test the insulating capacity of a vacuum bottle was to take the circuit breaker to a testing room or laboratory. Thanks to Vacuum Tester Vidar, removal is no longer necessary. It can measure the insulation capacity (vacuum) of the vacuum bottle on site. Removal is no longer necessary. The VIDAR tests a vacuum bottle by sending 40/60 kV DC through it. If flashover should occur, the voltage is disconnected and then applied quickly again. This can be repeated approximately 1-3 times because the vacuum bottle usually contains particles that are repelled by these voltage jolts, thereby "cleaning" the bottle. If, after this procedure has been carried out, the voltage remains at the same level (does not drop more than 10%) and the leakage current does not exceed approximately 0.30 mA, @ green indication is obtained. This means that the vacuum bottle is OK. If a red indication is obtained, the above test shall be repeated a maximum of three times. If the red lamp is still lighted, the equipment being tested must be checked for dirt, moisture etc. and also for earthing faults or the like that may be disturbing the test. If no such faults are found, you can conclude the vacuum bottle is defective. Remove it and, if so desired, test once more before scrapping. There are a number of reasons why a vacuum bottle can be defective. Examples include damage suffered during shipping, seals that are not tight, molecule leakage and even mechanical damage. VIDAR testing is essential before putting a vacuum circuit breaker into operation. This makes certain that no damage or the like has occurred in storage or while the unit was being shipped. Putting a circuit breaker into operation that hes one or more defective vacuum bottles can cause serious or fatal injury to the personnel involved. In actual practice, operating personnel who have failed to check the condition of such a circuit breaker have been injured seriously. The insulation distance in a vacuum bottle is about 11-14 mn. However, this is not sufficient when the breaker is switched off and’ there is air in the bottle. in such case, the circuit breaker will respond as a closed breaker when inserted in the switchgeer cubical. As a result, an arc will form in the contacts that are being inserted, and this can lead to a busbar fault (power failure) and perhaps to personal injury. When handling a vacuum circuit breaker for service or when moving it between cubicles, substations or the like, you must always check it by testing with the VIDAR to make absolutely certain that the vacuum bottle or bottles are not defective. 11(24) *z0qD0uU0D paXxXTT Kyauouewszed 043 09 peqoeutos oq 3snu ebesToA-YSTY O43 3e42 e30N WoTSUTOD SHVITOA-YSTR = ZA UdI}DeUUOD— A'H 12(24) Micro Ohmmeter The Micro Ohmmeter (MOM) shall be used prior to an overhaul to see whether or not power passes through a low, but still approvable resistance. The current through the MOM must be kept as high as possible due to the fact that the resistance can take a certain effect, if the effect = cross sectional area is too low - heating (possibly leading to an arc and/or glowing) will take place. This will result in a resistance that is too high and also unstable. Experience shows clearly that a current of 100-200 A is too low to test a high-power circuit breaker. If the test shows that the-resistance cannot be approved, the MOM can be used to try to locate the faulty contact/coupling. Examples of faulty contacts/couplings include connections and different types of attachment points on and in the circuit breaker. Another way to proceed is to try to conduct measurements after dismounting in order to see whether rolling contacts, sliding contacts, "tulip" contacts, or contact pins are causing the high resistance. MOM measurements conducted at regular intervals are valuable due to the fact that they eliminate disassembly of the circuit breaker (except when service is required). In the past, the circuit breaker had to be disassembled into its different components for testing, However, disassembling a circuit breaker can never provide a reliable indication of whether or not it is operating within the specified tolerances. The only way to confirm this is to conduct a coordinate series of measurements. The human eye and human judgment can never provide such information. It can only be obtained by Measurement. By conducting these measurements, we can save a great deal of time in connection with the servicing of a circuit breaker. Moreover, we eliminate wear on the parts of the circuit breaker caused by needless disassembly and reassembly. Then, when the circuit breaker is ready for operation, it can be checked carefully with the TM16/MA31 and the B10 (VIDAR can be used to check vacuum circuit breakers- see separate sections of this compendium). The last thing to do before putting the circuit breaker into operation is to conduct another MOM measurement to make certain that the previously disassembled and reassembled circuit breaker is OK and ready for use. This is your final confirmation that current will proceed through a low-resistance circuit that will not heat up and perhaps cause damage when operation commences. The MOM shall also be used in other parts of the system for items such as isolating switches, busbars, cable connections and similar live connections. 13(24) Note that the voltage-sensing circuit must be connected inside the current circuit connector. 14(24) ‘TM-16/MA-31 The TM16/MA31 is a timer/event-sequencer and movement analyzer. It is used primarily to measure and monitor circuit breakers and isolating switches. These measurements are carried out to ascertain whether or not the circuit breaker opens/closes within the time limits specified by the manufacturer. Time measurement must be carried out at all contact points simultaneously to ensure a correct indication. If this is done, the measurements will indicate whether or not the concurrency of the phases lies within the desired 2 ms, and also whether or not all contact points in the same phase operate concurrently. These times are very important since, if they are within the specified limits, they indicate that no excessive currents will flow through any part of the circuit breaker where an explosion might occur. There are also circuit breakers with parallel contact/resistance chambers which do not operate concurrently with the main contacts. Thanks to its three settings (resistance, contact and voltage), the TM16 can be used very easily to measure the resistance contacts simultaneously with the main contacts. The high resolution and high accuracy of the TM16 enable us to measure and record very small contact bounces. If bounces extend throughout a period longer than 2 ms, the circuit breaker must be investigated. These measurements cannot be carried out using (for example) a printer that prints on photosensitive paper, metal-coated paper or the like. However, such measurements are very important, and after a circuit breaker has been used for a number of years, they indicate a clear tendency towards contact pressure, Pressure on contact rollers and pressure on slide contacts as well as the ridges (if there are any) created by the contact pins beneath the contact fingers. Being able to measure bounces is absolutely necessary in order to determine how vacuum circuit breakers are operating, due to the fact that they have flat horizontal contacts that face each other and a very long stroke length. It is very important that bounces be kept within limits. Preferably, there should be no bounces at all. If the times found by testing a circuit breaker are outside the specified limits, it is very important to be able to measure the entire chain of operations, including items such as coil time, coil current, auxiliary contacts and limit positions. This helps us to trace the fault to a particular part of the circuit breaker. A fault that has been accurately traced can be remedied in a very short time relative to time required for the trial-and-error procedure needed to achieve an acceptable opening time. The TM16/MA31 combination provides the best and most modern way to analyze a circuit breaker. It enables you to find faults in the system before they have a chance to cause serious damage 15(24) such as shutdowns, explosions, damage to the system and injury to personnel. The MA31 enables you to see precisely where on the curve @ movenent is inhibited/binding, too slow or too fast. It is thus very easy to trace a timing or speed fault to an individual function in the breaker/device. The MA31 movement analyzer also plots curves that indicate whether or not the damping of closing motion is correct. It is very important to see to it that the breaker does not strike “bottom” and damage itself or bounce out of contact, since this can cause an arc to form and lead to disastrous results. The MA31 also shows the damping in the opening stroke. Here, it is very important to see to it that damping occurs at exactly the correct point on the curve. If damping occurs too early, the arc will not have been drawn out and extinguished, and this means that speed is being lowered too early. As a result, the arc will not be extinguished or an arc will occur in the extinguishing medium--and this might lead to an explosion. If the contact is damped too late, it will perhaps bounce back close to the opposite contact and establish contact again either directly or via an arc. After thie movement, opening speed is no longer determined by any operating device. The contact thus "falls" away, driven only by its own weight. And since the force thus developed is far too low, the resulting movement is much too slow to open the circuit breaker reliably. This will inevitably lead to serious damage. When the circuit breaker has been fully serviced and all interventions and adjustments are completed, all desired measurements must be repeated simultaneously. This is accomplished easily by means of the T™16/MA31 circuit breaker analyzer. You thus obtain confirmation that the times and movements are correct. This confirmation includes the following: 1. Closing and opening times. 2. Concurrency between phases. 3. Times for any parallel opening points or parallel resistors. 4. Speed at any desired point. 5. Damping for both closing and opening. 6. Stroke length. All of the above is printed out on a full-sized sheet of paper (A4) or on the TM-16's own printer so that it can be filed safely away. This document provides evidence that everything was in perfect order after servicing. Moreover, it can be used for comparison with earlier and later measurements on similar devices. 16(24) 17(24) ement inc]. main 18(24) eu: 16 _o: ct n 19(24) ni esistan 1 only with cables connected to the main contact. (Resistance contact is obtained through the resistance pos. on TM-16). 20(24) 21(24) 21(24) =31's_ci inear transduce i ts imes 22(24) MA=31's curve with 357° transducer 23(24) MA=31'e curve with 357° transducer and main contact times 24(24) MA-31 - Motion curve and main contact times PROGRAMMA ELECTRIC AB CIRCUIT BREAKER TESTING COMPENDIUM ILLUSTRATION ENCLOSURE NO. CATEGORY 1. Breaker pole Operating mechanism 2. Oil breaker 3. Oil breaking process 4, Operating device 5. Vacuum pole 6. SF¢ pole ce Contact, fixed and moving 8. Magnetic/Air breaker 9. Arc-chutes 10. Air breaker (low voltage) ne. SF, pole (high voltage) Top cover and upper terminal pad Absorber for moisture and decomposition products Breaking chamber insulator Upper current path Upper contacts Fixed arcing contact Blast nozzle Lower contacts ‘Stationary piston Moving arcing contact Puffer cylinder ‘Operating rod Lower terminal pad Porcelain supporting insulator Fig. 7. Elementary diagram of operating mechanism in the open position with uncharged closing springs. The closing springs are tensioned/charged via an endless chain by an electric motor. Du- Ting the closing operation of the breaker, the energy stored in the closing springs is trans- mitted via this chain, together with a cam disc, a system of links and a pull rod, to the breaker poles. As the breaker is closed, the opening springs in the breaker poles are charged and the breaker is prepared for the next opening sequence. Mechanism housing Spring housing ‘Opening spring Fig. 8. Cross section through breaker pole. r 2. OIL BREAKER Breaking principle Heavy currents ‘The HKK circuit-breaker has fan are contro! device which ‘operates on the cross-biast principle. When heavy cur- rents are to be extinguished, tthe oil around the arc is sub- ject to severe evaporation and a large positive pressure builds up. The nozzies are 50 designed that the over- _deionising effect of this flow, Pressure causes @ flow of together with the positive gas and oil across the arc pressure, builds up a high ‘owards the expansion space dielectric strength between at the top of the breaking the contacts at the zero pas- pole. The cooling and sage of the current Fig. 28 Breaker-pole for HK 12/1240 Exhaust valve Air chamber oi Upper terminal Ingulating tube Fixed contact Moving contact Nozzles Contact roller —~, Contact rod Operating fink: Mechanism housing ‘Operating arm Buffer ‘Smalt currents ‘On breaking small currents the extinguishing effect is ‘obtained mainly from an oil flow independent of the cur- rent. This flow also travels across the arc and is gener- ated by the pumping effect obtained when the moving contact is moved down into the mechanism housing, Fig, 2b Parallel pole tor HKK 12/3140 Fixed contact block Moving contact Resistance Paralle! poles For higher rated currents the HKK circuit-breaker is fitted with a parallel pole. The parallel pole shares the cur- fent with the main pole in service but does not take part in the breaking or making process, since it ‘opens before and closes after the main pote. ‘On disconnecting squirre! cage motors rated at less than 400 kW there may be high breaking voltages since such a motor represents a large inductance. This is also valig for all sizes of squirrel cage motors with heavy start or where there is the risk of stalling. in such cases ASEA type HKM circuit-breakers. are recommended; these have 2 parallel break with built-in damping resistor. In this case the paralle! pole breaks after the main pole. In other respects HKM is identical to HKK. Fig. 2¢ Parallel pole for HKM The breaking process of ASEA ype 3. BREAKING PROCESS Hick" ollminimum eireui-breaters Opening time Arcing time 1 t The breaker is closes but “Tho are has been o an opening impute nes turner down’ and openes Unguisnes ane Tut tmore nazz slots. he stacnetrangin hae boon ‘es pressure forces a gas- established beiween the Si misure sores the te contacts Sconwoled by moving contact Pozzes ‘lecre sength fe tp between the canta 4, OPERATING DEVICE Construction ‘The same operating gear is used for all types of HKK circuit-breaker. The only dit- ference is that the smallest type, HK 12/812, has a singie closing spring whilst the others have double springs. The operating gear is mounted in a welded frame which also carries the breaker poles. The main ‘components are shown in Fig. 6 Two main shafts are carried in ball bearings on the frame. The lower shaft (6) is con- nected to the breaker poles vig insulating links and is directly actuated by the ‘opening springs (6). The upper shaft (3) is connected directly to the closing spring (11). These two shafts are linked vie driving pin (9) and link (12), and by trip-free device (14) ‘The upper shalt is also con- nected to the tensioning unit via the trip-tree device (1) and link (4), The latching and trip-free devices (1) and (14) have been used in ASEA equip- ment since 1950 and have proved extremely reliabie. ‘The motor operated unit consists of a toothed trans- mission gear with facilities for hand cranking while the hand operated unit has a link system with a lever. SCicuvoreace™ wiih explanatory schematic Sapam Operation Fig, 62 shows the operating gear with the breaker in the ‘open position. The closing ‘pring (11) is tensioned. If the latch (2) is tripped, the upper shalt is released and closing spring (11) can turn both shatts because of link (12), which, in this position, is coupled to the shatts. In position 8 the breaker has closed at the same time as ‘pening spring (5) has been tensioned. Driving pin (2) is \stopped against stop (10) which, via link (12) ang trip- free device (14), also prevents the opening spring turning the lower shaft (6). Now the tensioning device starts and link (4) moves upwards until latch (2) goes back to en- gagemeni. At this point link (4) turns and begins to move downwards, whereupon the Upper shait turns and re- tensions the closing spring, 0 that position C is reached Upon the breaker opening, latch (16) is released, thus releasing the lower shaft Which, via the ineulating links (7), actuates the moving con- tact of the breaker poles, 80 that breaking takes place. The spring {8} returns (12) with the associated driving pin and the operating “gear resumes position A again. Automatic equipment ‘Normally HKK circu breakers are fitted with shunt Coils for closing and opening. For rapid reclosing the as- sociated switchgear cubicles are fitted with suitable relay equipment ‘The smallest HKK circult- breakers (800) can be fitted with primary relays. St operating gear for Hie and Hk 12 13 14 OnNOoOarA oN = 10 ‘Schnitt durch einen Vakuum-Leistungsschalter fur 12 KV. 1250 A. 25 kA 1. Einfatrkontaktarm ‘bei Schattwagenausiuhrung «7 Vakuum-Schaltkammer 7 MetallFaltenbalg +11 Isolerstoltgehause 2 Oberer AnschiuB 4 ester Kontakt 8 UntererAnschiu8 12 Antriebsgehause 3 Isolierstotideckel 5 Kondensationsschm 9 Isolerstange 13 Ausscheltfedern beiSchattwagenaustuhrung «6 Beweglicher Kontakt. +10 Kuissenhebel 14 Einschatfedem \Vakuum-Leistungsschalter \Vakuum-Leistungsschalter ‘Vakuur-Leistungsschalter flr 12 KV, 2000 A, 40 kA fir 12 KV, 2500 A. 31,5 kA fr 24 KV, 1250 A. 16 KA 6. SF6 POLE Descrizione del polo e funzionamento dell'interruttore Pole description and circuit-breaker operation ‘Sequenza d'apertura e al interruzione del'arco. Vedere figure sottostanti. {In apertura i conta mobil principal si staccano dai contatt {issi principal prima della separazione dei contatti darco 6 © & ‘Quando quest! ulti si separano, un arco A si innest Ccontatto d'arco fisso e quelio mobile. Mentre Teau verso i basso allinterno della camera pistone fsso Pe, pasando on notevole pressione sull'arco ‘Getto di gas SF6 rattredda e interrompe Varco e ripristine ‘pplcament Fisolamento ta | cortat ertando radescament jaarco stesso, ‘Opening sequence and arc extinction ‘See figures below. ‘The main moving contact separates from the fixed main contact betore the arcing contacts 6 and 8 separate. \Vinen the arcing contacts separate an arc A is drawn between the fixed and moving arcing contacts. As the main moving contact aesombly continues its fast ownward journey and the arc lengthens, the SF6 gas inside the tubular chamber V is compressed by'the stationary piston P and is forced up into the are path under considerable pressure through the blast nozzle & {ihe jet of SF gas cools and interrupts the arc and provides fact Gielectic recovery preventing re-striking of the arc Polo al momento dela Separazione de! coratt Pole on acing contacts separation Pole during arc quenching Polo dopo lo spegnimento felrarco Pole after are quenching sequence Descrizlone det polo + indo icotante in 2 Copps iniega dl aluminio 3 Cappetotio 4 Valola per aos §3 Contato fisso princpate & Contato feso earco. 7 Contato moble principale & Contato meble darco 1 pelo ai sotfo. 10 Camera a espansione 11 Gantatta gua 12 Terminate lerore 15 Terminate superiore 18 Albero dimanovre 15 Bieta del conta mobie Daneipate 16 Telaia supporto polo 37 Pressostato dalarme 18 Prassostat blooco Iterations (a rchlesta) 18 Isolators Pole description 4 Flberlass insulating cylinder 2 Sump mede of aluminum 5 Main fixed contact 6 Foced acing contact 1 Main moving contact & Moving acing contact © Best none 10 Expansion chamber 11 Gudeeontect 12 Lower terminal 13 Upper terminal $4 Operating svat 15 Mein moving contact Heroes 16 Pole supporting trame 17 Alarm presaure switch 18 Grenttoreaker lacieout pressure switch (optonel 19 Inewator 7. CONTACT FIXED AND MOVING DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION mm fsecnone cznatctn be RP RM == -RGRME—RGE fsa ie NON wow ow Seronbile(aitere ramon (inside te Scie arte Asal Saray barton) , ehbar (innen dem Débrochable (3 Finériewr = a " wo aa rr Sena A Sexonabie (al estero dela Drawout (outice the Pane feos) Soonary porton) 7 ‘ssahba (uscorhaty dos Dlbrochable (3 Testéreur i ‘este soir pare hel For trnial climate, tr - i eal roams aut avons and Fer tonisches Rima ir Pour cla rn sous oN oN ON ‘Sil ordtakige Niue srionces hm ‘nd tir Satan tt Stour simopsheres exposees 8 saline for ambient wit hae txmperonne was Fur Raeume mit Mindest- Pour ambisnces avec temperatures: 7 in a = 7 Winertompesturerees’-20-c Sonmtler pendant Pheer Se nc beesee Peore = execs somale 1 = starr contacton W1- Neratositona etesen roma 5 6 escstion spcle © spacial cotati gas REED See met (9 lop ips RG 217826 ey for RG TENT S38 oes Be er en osttet te tae eden ©) petit da SOMVAG TDMA, 1 fr AVA ane oA npee 1) ATE OMIA STD ate ©) ber el BOMVA OMA fr NVA ae oye £7 fig” YO" HE MA aan mes 10 > Pout * Cilindro isolante in cartaresina protetia da uno strato di smalto isolante peri tipi RP ed RM do 250 e 350 MVA In vetroresina per | tipi BA da S00 @ 750 MVA. AG ed RGE (protetto da isolatori per esierno per AGE) * Camora di interruzione: (2 - fig. 2 pag. 10) costruita in materiale ad elevata resistenza alle sollect- tazionl termiche e© meccaniche dovute all'arco, * Contatti principal: {isso (b - fig. @ pag. 10): a tulipano costituite da pit elementi in rame argentato (protetti da plac- chette antiarco} mobile (€ - fig. 2 pag. 10): ad asta (con estremitd su eriore protetia da materiale antiarco). © Contatto guide costrulto secondo un procedimento brevettsto 9 com: pensazione elettrodinamica, che permette allinterrutto- re di sopportere le pid elevate correnti di corto circuit ‘© Attacchi in came: superiore: collegato direttamente al contatto fisso infeviore:cllegeta al cortatto guide © gun al com fatto mobile, * Coppa delt'lio in alluminio, munite di nervature di rinforzo. PRINCIPIO DI INTERRUZIONE Negli interruttor! # volume d'olioridetto lenergia dell'arco, provocata.dall'apertura fel contatt, sviluppa.automatica: mente tl fluido necessar.o per lestinzione dell'arco ¢ f'in- terruzione della corrente. elevate temperatura dell'arco decompone una parte del Folio in. un gas che, formandasi in uno spazio completa. ‘mente chiuso, provoca un elevato aumento di pressione, dipendente dallentita delle corrente di interruzione. Con ‘seguentemente un intenso flusso

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