The Present Perfect Tense (აწმყო სრული დრო)

How to form the present perfect

We form the present perfect with have / has + the past participle (ნამყოს
მიმღეობა). Make the past participle by adding  – ed to regular verbs (for
example: play – played; work -worked) but many important verbs are irregular
(lose - lost – lost, write-wrote-written, do – did - done. – the third form of
irregular verbs).

regular verbs  წესიერი ზმნა

I have walked have I walked? I haven’t walked

You have walked have you walked? You haven’t walked
He has walked has he walked? He hasn’t walked
She has walked has she walked? She hasn’t walked
It has walked has it walked? It hasn’t walked

We have walked have we walked? We haven’t walked

You have walked have you walked? You haven’t walked
They have walked have they walked? They haven’t walked

irregular verbs  არაწესიერი ზმნა

I have gone have I gone? I haven’t gone

You have gone have you gone? You haven’t gone

He has gone has he gone? He hasn’t gone
She has gone has she gone? She has not gone
It has gone has it gone? It has not gone

We have gone have we gone? We haven’t gone

You have gone have you gone? You haven’t gone
They have gone have they gone? They have not gone

We use present perfect:

Finished Actions

1: Life experience. These are actions or events that happened sometime during a
person's life. We don't say when the experience happened, and the person needs
to be alive now. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here.
 If I say I have eaten Chinese food - გასინჯული მაქვს, ნაჭამი მაქვს
ჩინური საჭმელი It means that I have experience of eating Chinese food
ვგულისხმობ რომ გამოცდილი მაქვს, ანუ მიჭამია ჩინური საჭმელი.
If I say I have been to London it means that I have experience of being in
London თუ კი ვიტყვი რომ ნამყოფი ვარ ლონდონში ვგულისხმობ რომ
გამოცდილი მაქვს ანუ ნამყოფი ვარ ლონდონში.

 Have you ever eaten caviar?

 We have never seen that film.

2: With an unfinished time word (this month, this year, this week, this
morning, this evening, today). The period of time is still continuing.

 I’ve smoked ten cigarettes today. (perhaps I’ll smoke more before today
finishes)
 I haven't seen her this month.
 She's drunk three cups of coffee today.
 I've not seen Tom this morning. Have you?

We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word.

NOT: I've seen him yesterday.

3: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result). We often use
the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the recent past, but
that is still true or important now. Sometimes we can use the past simple here,
especially in US English.

 I've lost my keys (= I have not got it now, so I can't get into my house).
 Oh dear, I’ve forgotten her name (= I can’t remember it now).
 She's hurt her leg (= so she can't play tennis today).
 They've missed the bus (= so they will be late).

4: We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened
recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we
want to introduce news and we often use the words just / yet /
already/recently. However, the past simple is also correct in these cases,
especially in US English.

 The Queen has given a speech.

 I've just seen Lucy.
 The Mayor has announced a new plan for the railways.

You can use the present perfect with just (ეს ესააა) (= a short time ago)

Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I have just had lunch.
 Hello, have you just arrived?

You can use the present perfect with already (უკვე) to say that something has
happened sooner than expected: (იხმარება მტკიცებით წინადადებაში)

When is Tom going to start his new job? He has already started.

Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? I have already posted it.

We always use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is
expecting something to happen. Use yet in questions and negative sentences:

She has already come- ის უკვე მოვიდა

Has she come yet? უკვე მოვიდა?

I have not told them about the accident yet. (ჯერ არ)

You have to use the present perfect with This is the first time ….. It is the
first time

Ron is driving a car. He is very nervous and unsure because it is his firs time
behind the wheel of a car. You can say:

This is the first time he has driven a car (not drives)

Or: He has never driven a car before

Unfinished Actions
1: We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions or states or
habits that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to
say 'how long' and we need 'since' or 'for'.

I have lived here for three years. It means that I started living here three years
ago and I still live here.
თუკი ვიტყვი რომ სამი წელია აქ ვცხოვრობ ეს იმას ნიშნავს რომ სამი
წლის წინ დავიწყე აქ ცხოვრება და დღემდე აქ ვცხოვრობ. მოქმედება არ
დასრულებულა.
I have studied English for 6 months - 6 თვის წინ დავიწყე და ახლაც
ვსწავლობ (არ დამისრულებია)
She has been here for 20 minutes - ის ოცი წუთია აქ არის
They have lived in Paris for 5 years - ისინი 5 წელია ცხოვრობენ პარიზში

 I've known Karen since 1994.

 She's lived in London for three years.
 I've worked here for six months.

'Since' and 'For'

We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The
fixed time can be another action, which is in the past simple (since I was at
school, since I arrived).

 I've known Sam since 1992.

 I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
 She's been here since 2pm.

We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).

 I've known Julie for ten years.

 I've been hungry for hours.
 She's had a cold for a week.

Been and Gone

In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 'go', but in
slightly different circumstances. We use 'been' (often when we talk about life
experience) to mean that the person we're talking about visited the place and
came back. 

 I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live).
 She has been to school today (but now she's back at home).
 They have never been to California.

We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the
present) to mean that the person went to the place and is at the place now.

 Where's John? He's gone to the shops (he's at the shops now).
 Julie has gone to Mexico (now she's in Mexico). 
 They've gone to Japan for three weeks (now they're in Japan).

რა განსხვავებაა აწმყო სრულ(Present Perfect) და წარსულ

განუსაზღვრელ(Past Simple) დროს შორის?
ჩვენ ვხმარობთ აწმყო სრულ დროს, როცა დროის მონაკვეთი არ
არის დასრულებული, ხოლო როცა დასრულებულია ვხმარობთ
წარსულ განუსაზღვრელ დროს.
I have had 3 cups of coffee this morning- მე ამ დილით 3 ფინჯანი ყავა
დავლიე. - ე.ი. ისევ დილაა, დილა არ დასრულებულა.
I had 3 cups of coffee this morning - მე ამ დილით 3 ფინჯანი ყავა
დავლიე. ე.ი. დილა დასრულდა, და ახლა შუადღეა ან საღამო, ან
ღამე.
 Present perfect
1. I’ve smoked 20 cigarettes today
2. Tom hasn’t been ill this year
3. Have you seen Ann this
morning? (it is still morning)
4. Tom has lived in London for 6
years (he still lives there)
5. I have never played golf (in my
life)
Past simple
1. I smoked 20 cigarettes yesterday
2. Tom wasn’t ill last year
3. Did you see Ann this morning?
(It is now afternoon)
4. Tom lived in London for ten
years (he no longer lives there)
5. I didn’t play golf when I was on
holiday last summer.