DE & AUC - 12th (2018C) - E PDF

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
AND
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
JEE (MAIN+ADVANCED)
AND
CONTENT
S.No Pages
1. Theory 01 – 13
2. Exercise-1 (Special DPP) 14 – 22
3. Exercise-2 22 – 25
4. Exercise-3 (Section-A) 26 – 32
[Previous years JEE-Advanced problems]
5. Exercise-3 (Section-B) 32 – 35
[Previous years JEE-Main problems]
6. Exercise-4 (Section-A) 36 – 41
[Previous years CBSE problems]
7. Exercise-4 (Section-B) 41 – 43
[Potential Problems for Board Preparations]
8. Exercise-5 (Rank Booster) 43 – 45
9. Answer Key 46 – 51
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION & AREA UNDER THE CURVE
1. INTRODUCTION :
1.0 An equation that involves independent anddependent variables and at least one derivative of the dependent
variable w.r.t independent variable is called a differential equation.
1/ 4
d 2 y   dy  
6
dy 1 log x
For example : x x
+ y log x = xe x 2 
, (x > 0); 2    
y 
dx dx   dx  
1.1 Adifferential equation is said to be ordinary, if the differential coefficients have reference to a single
independent variable only and it is said to be Partial if there are two or more independent variables. We
are concerned with ordinarydifferential equations only. While an ordinarydifferential equation containing
two or more dependent variables with their differential coefficients w.r.t. to a single independent variable
is called a total differential equation.
d2y dy
eg. 2
3  2 y  0 is an ordinary differential equation
dx dx
u u u  2u  2u
   0 ; 2  2  x 2  y are partial differential equation.
x y z x y
1.2 Order and Degree of Differential Equation :
The order of a differential equation is the order of the highest differential coefficient occurring in it.
The degree of a differential equation which is expressed or can be expressed as a polynomial in the
derivatives is the degree of the highest order derivative occurring in it, after it has been expressed
in a form free from radicals & fractions so far as derivatives are concerned, thus the differential
equation :
p q
 dmy   d m1( y) 
f(x , y)  m  + (x , y)  m 1  + ....... = 0 is order m & degree p .
 dx   dx 
2. FORMATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :
Consider a family of curves

f (x, y, c1, c2 , ……cn) = 0 …(i)
where c1, c2, ……, cn are n independent parameters.
Equation (i) is known as an n parameter family of curves e.g. y = mx is 1-parameter family of straight
lines x2 + y2 + ax + by = 0 is a two-parameters family of circles.
If we differentiate equation (i) n times w.r.t x, we will get n more relations between x, y, c1, c2, …… cn
and derivatives of y with respect to x. By eliminating c1, c2, ……, cn from these n relations and
equation (i), we get a differential equation.
Clearly order of this differential equation will be n, i.e., equal to the number of independent parameters
in the family of curves.
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3. LENGTH OF TANGENT, NORMAL, SUB-TANGENT, SUB-NORMAL:
y
y = f(x)
P(x, y)
 x
OT M N
(i) Length of Tangent :

PT is defined as length of the tangent.
In PMT, PT = | y cosec |
  dx  2 
 y (1  cot 2 )   y 1    
  dy  
  dx  2 
 Length of tangent = y 1    
  dy  
(ii) Length of Normal :

PN is defined as length of the normal.
In PMN, PN = |y cosec (90º – )|
  dy 2 
= | y sec |   y 1    
  dx  
  dy 2 
 Length of normal = y 1    
  dx  
(iii) Length of Sub-tangent :

TM is defined as sub-tangent.
y dx
In PTM, TM = |y cot | =  y
tan  dy
dx
 Length of sub-tangent = y
dy
(iv) Length of Sub-normal :
MN is defined as sub-normal.
dy
In PMN, MN = |y cot (90º – )| = |y tan | = y
dx
dy
 Length of sub-normal = y
dx
4. SOLUTION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION :

Elementary types of first order & first degree differential equations.
Elementry Type of first order and first degree
Variable Separable Homogeneous Linear

Reducible Reducible
T-1 T-2 to Homogeneous
normal to linear
dy
 f (ax  by  z ) (Bernouli's D.E.)
dx
4.1 Variables Separable :

If the differential equation can be expressed as; f(x)dx + g(y)dy = 0 then this is said to be
variable -separable type.
A general solution of this is given by  f(x) dx +  g(y) dy = c; where c is the arbitrary constant.
4.2 Differential Equation Reducible to the Separable Variable Type:
dy
= f (ax + by + c), a, b  0
dx
To solve this , substitute t = ax + by + c. Then the equation reduces to separable type in the
variable t and x which can be solved.
4.3 Differential Equation of the Form :

dy a1x  b1y  c1
 where b1 + a2 = 0
dx a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2
4.4 Polar Coordinates :

Sometimes transformation to the polar coordinates facilitates separation of variables. In this
connection it is convenient to remember the following differentials. If x = r cos  ; y = r sin  where r
and  both are variable.
(a) (i) x dx + y dy = r dr (ii) x dy  y dx = r2 d
Proof : x = r cos ; y = r sin  x + y2 = r2
2
 x dx + y dy = rdr y
Also tan = y/x  xdy – y dx = x2 sec2 d
 xdy – ydx = r2 d P(x, y)
r
(b) If x = r sec & y = r tan then
(i) x dx  y dy = r dr and (ii) x dy  y dx = r2 secd.  x
Proof : x = r sec and y = r tan O
 x2 – y2 = r2 xdx – ydy = rdr
y/x = sin xdy – ydx = x2 cos d = r2 sec d
4.5 Homogeneous Equations :
The function f(x, y) is said to be a homogeneous function of degree n if for any real number t (0), we
have f(tx, ty) = tn (x, y). For example, f(x, y) = ax2/3 + hx1/3 × y1/3 + by2/3 is a homogeneous function of
degree 2/3.
Homogeneous Differential Equation :
dy f ( x , y)
A differential equation of the form  , where f(x, y) and (x, y) are homogeneous function of
dx ( x , y)
x and y, and of the same degree, is called Homogeneous. This equation may also be reduced to the form
dy x
= g   and is solved by putting y = vx so that the dependent variable y is changed to another
dx y
variable v, where v is some unknown function, the differential equation is transformed to an equation with
variables separable.
4.6 Equations Reducible to the Homogenous Form :
dy ax  by  c
Equation of the form = (aB Ab and A+ b 0) can be reduced to a homogeneous
dx Ax  By  C
form by changing the variable x, y, to X, Y by writing x = X + h and y = Y + k; where h, k are constant
to be chosen so as to make the given equation homogeneous. We have
dy d(Y  k ) dY
= =
dx d(X  h ) dX
Hence the given equation becomes,
dY aX  bY  (Ah  bk  c)
=
dX Ah  Bk  (Ah  Bk  C)
Let h and k be chosen to satisfy the relation ah + bk + c = 0 and Ah + Bk + C = 0.
4.7 Linear Differential Equations :
A differential equation is said to be linear if the dependent variable & all its differential coefficients occur
in degree one only and are never multiplied together.
The nth order linear differential equation is of the form ;
dn y d n 1 y
a0 (x) + a1 (x) + ...... + an (x) . y =  (x) .
d xn d x n 1
Where a0(x) , a1(x), ..... , an(x) are the coefficients of the differential equation.
Linear Differential Equations of First Order :

dy
The most general form of a linear differential equations of first order is + Py = Q, where P & Q are
dx
functions of x (Independent variable).
For solving such equations we multiply both sides by
Integrating factor = I.F. = e  P dx
 dy   P dx
So we get e  P dx   Py   Qe
 dx 
dy  P dx
 yPe   Qe 
P dx P dx
 e
dx
d   P dx   P dx  d   P dx   P dx 
  ye   Qe Since dx  e   Pe 
dx   
d  P dx    P dx  dx
  dx  ye  dx   Q e
 


 ye =  Qe
P dx P dx
+C
which is the required solution of the given differential equation.
dx
In some cases a linear differential equation may be of the form + P1x = Q1, where P1 and Q1 are
dy
functions of y alone or constants. In such a case the integrating factor is e 

P1 dy
, and solutions is given by
x e   Q1e
P1 dy P1 dy
dy  C
4.8 Equations Reducible To Linear Form (Bernoulli’s Equation):
dy
The equation + py = Q . yn where P & Q functions of x , is reducible to the linear form by
dx
dividing it by yn & then substituting yn+1 = Z. Its solution can be obtained as in the normal case.
Note : Following exact differentials must be remembered :

xdy  ydx  y
(i) xdy + y dx = d(xy) (ii)  d 
x 2
 x
ydx  xdy  x xdy  ydx
(iii)  d  (iv)  d (ln xy)
y 2
 y xy
dx  dy x dy  yd x  y
(v) = d (ln (x + y)) (vi)  d  ln 
xy xy  x
ydx  xdy  x xdy  ydx  y
(vii)  d  ln  (viii)  d  tan 1 
xy  y 2
x y 2
 x
ydx  xdy  x xdx  ydy

(ix)  d  tan 1  (x)  d ln x 2  y 2 
2
x y 2
 y 2
x y 2  
 1  x dy  y dx  e x  y e x dx  e x dy
(xi) d    (xii) d  
 xy x2 y2  y y2
 e y  x e y dy  e y dx
(xiii) d  
 x x2
5. PHYSICAL APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION :
5.1 Mixture Problems :

A chemical in a liquid solution (or dispersed in a gas) runs into a container holding the liquid (or the gas)
with, possibly, a specified amount of the chemical dissolved as well. The mixture is kept uniform by
stirring and flows out of the container at a known rate. In this process it is often important to know the
concentration of the chemical in the container at any given time. The differential equation describing the
process is based on the formula.
Rate of change  rate at which   rate at which 
   
of amount =  chemical  –  chemical  ....(1)
in container  arrives   departs 
If y (t) is the amount of chemical in the container at time t and V (t) is the total volume of liquid in the
container at time t, then the departure rate of the chemical at time t is
y( t )
Departure rate = ·(out flow rate)
V( t )
 concentration in 
=  container at time t  ·(out flow rate)
 
Accordingly, Equation (1) becomes
dy y( t )
= (chemical's given arrival rate) – ·(out flow rate) ....(2)
dt V( t )
If y is measured in grams, V in liters, and t in minutes, then unit in equation (2) are
grams grams grams litre
= – ·
minute minute litre minute
5.2 Geometrical Applications of Differential Equation :
We also use differential equations for finding the familyof curves for which some condition involving the
derivatives are given. For this we proceed in the following way
dy
Equation of the tangent at a point (x, y) to the curve y = f(x) is given byY – y = (X – x).
dx
y
At the X axis, Y = 0, and X = x – (intercept on X-axis)
dy / dx
dy
At the Y axis, X = 0, and Y = y – (intercept on Y-axis)
dx
dy
Similar information can be obtained for normals by writing equations as (Y – y) + (X – x) = 0.
dx
5.3 Trajectories :
Suppose we are given the family of plane curves (x, y, a) = 0, depending on a single parameter a.
A curve making at each of its points a fixed angle  with the curve of the familypassing through that point
is called an isogonal trajectory of that family ; if in particular  =/2, then it is called an orthogonal
trajectory.
To find Orthogonal trajectories :

We set up the differential equation of the given family of curves. Let it be of the form F (x, y, y') = 0
 1
The differential equation of the orthogonal trajectories is of the form F  x , y,   = 0
 y 
The general integral of this equation 1 (x, y, C) = 0, gives the family of orthogonal trajectories.
DIFFERENT CASES OF BOUNDED AREA : y

y = f(x)
1. The area bounded by the continuous curve y = f (x), the axis of
x and the ordinates x = a and x = b (where b > a) is given by x=b
x=a
b b
A   f(x)dx   ydx x' x
a a O
y'
y
y = g(x)
2. The area bounded by the straight line x = a, x = b (a < b) and
the curves y = f (x) and y = g(x), provided f (x) < g(x) (where
x=b
a  x  b), is given by y = f (x)
x=a
b
A   [g(x) f ( x )] dx x'
O
x
a
y'
y
y = g(x)
3. When two curves y = f (x) and y = g(x) intersect, the bounded
area is
x=b
b y = f (x)
x=a
A   [g(x) f ( x )] dx
a
x' x
where a and b are the roots of the equation f(x) = g(x) O
y'
4. If some part of a curve lies below the x-axis, then its area
y
becomes negative but area cannot be negative. Therefore, we
take its modulus.
If the curves crosses the x-axis at c, then the area bounded by
x=a
y = f (x)
the curve y = f(x) and ordinates x = a and x = b
x' x
c b O c
(where b > a) is given by A  a f(x)dx  c f(x)dx x=b
c b y'
A   f(x)dx   f(x)dx
a c
y = f(x) y = g(x)
5. The area bounded by y = f(x) and y = g(x) (where a  x  b), y
when they intersect at x = c  (a, b) is given by
b
A   f(x)  g(x) dx
a
c b
or a f (x )  g(x )dx  c g(x )  f (x )dx x'
O x=a x=c x=b
x
y'
DIFFERENT CASES OF BOUNDED AREA :

y
1. The area bounded by the continuous curve x = f (y), the axis of y=b
y and the abscissa y = a and y = b (where b > a) is given by
b b
A   f(y)dy   xdy y=a
a a
x' x
O
y'
y
2. The area bounded by the straight line y = a, y = b (a < b) and y=b
the curves x = f (y) and x = g(y), provided f (y) < g(y) f(y)
g(y)
(where a  y  b), is given by
b y=a
A   [g(y) f ( y)] dy x' x
a O
y'
y
3. When two curves x = f (y) and x = g(y) intersect, the bounded
area is y=b
f (y)
b g(y)
A   [g(y) f ( y)] dy
a y=a
where a and b are the roots of the equation f (y) = g(y) x' x
O
y'
4. If some part of a curve lies left to y-axis, then its area becomes
y
negative but area cannot be negative. Therefore, we take its
b
modulus.
If the curves crosses the y-axis at c, then the area bounded by
the curve x = f(y) and abscissae y = a and y = b c x = f(y)
c b
(where b > a) is given by A  a f(y) dy  c f(y)dy a
x' x
c b
O
 A   f(y)dy   f(y)dy
a c
y'
5. The area bounded by x = f(y) and x = g(y) (where a  y  b), y

when they intersect at y = c  (a, b) is given by y=b g(y)
b
A   f(y)  g(y) dy y=c
a
c c
or a f ( y)  g( y)dy  a g( y)  f ( y)dy x'
y=a f(y)
x
O
y'
STANDARD AREAS TO BE REMEMBERED :

16 ab
(1) Area bounded by the curves y2 = 4ax ; x2 = 4by is equal to :
3
At point of intersection
2
 x2 
  = 4ax  x4 = 64 ab2 x
 4b 
 
 x = 0, (64 ab2)1/3
Let k=4 (ab2)1/3
k
 x2 
A =   2 a x   dx
0
4b 
k
 x
3
2 x 3 
 2 a 3 
 12b 
 2 0
4 a 32 k3 4
  64(ab 2 )
1
= k – = a 8 ab 2 2

3 12b 3 12b
32 16 16ab
 ab  ab 
3 3 3
8a2
(2) Area bounded by the parabola y2 = 4ax and y = mx is equal to :
3m 3
y2 = 4ax and y = mx
At point of intersection
4a
m2x2 = 4ax  x = 0,
m2
c
 2  4a
Area = a x  mx dx where c =
m2
0
c
 x 2 mx 2 
3
4 a 32 mc 2

= 2 a 3  = c 
2  3 2
 2 0
4 a 8a a m 16a 2 32a 2 8a 2 8a 2
 · 3  · 4   
3 m 2 m 3m3 m3 3m3
(3) Area enclosed by y2 = 4ax and its double ordinate at x = a :
(chord perpendicular to the axis of symmetry)

Required area = OABO
a
a  x 32 
 
 2 ·  2 ax dx  4 a  3



0  2 0
2
8 8a
 a ·(a a ) 
3 3
Area of rectangle ABCD = 4a 2
2
 Area of AOB  (area  ABCD)
3
x 2 y2
(4) Whole area of ellipse   1 is equal to  ab :
a 2 b2
a
x2 
A = 4   b 1  2  dx
 a 
0
Put x = a sin 
/2 / 2
A  4  ab cos 2  d  4ab  cos 2 d
0 0
/2
 1  cos 2  
 4ab  
 2
d  4ab  = ab
 4
0
SHIFTING OF ORIGIN :
Since area remains invariant even if the coordinates axes are shifted, hence shifting of origin in many
cases proves to be very convenient in computing the areas.
CURVE TRACING :
The approximate shape of a curve, the following procedure in order
(I) SYMMETRY :
(a) Symmetry about x-axis

If the equation of the curve remain unchanged by replacing y by –y then the curve is symmetrical about
the x-axis.
e.g., y2 = 4ax.
(b) Symmetry about y-axis
If the equation of the curve remain unchanged by replacing x by –x then the curve is symmetrical about
the y-axis.
e.g., x2 = 4ay
(c) Symmetry about both axes

If the equation of the curve remain unchanged by replacing x by –x and y by –y then the curve is
symmetrical about the axis of 'x' as well as 'y'.
e.g., x2 + y2 = a2
(d) Symmetry about the line y = x
If the equation of curve remains unchanged on interchanging 'x' and 'y', then the curve is symmetrical
about the line y = x
e.g., x3 + y3 = 3xy.
(II) Find the points where the curve crosses the x-axis and the y-axis.
dy
(III) Find and examine, if possible, the intervals when f (x) is increasing or decreasing and also its stationary
dx
points.
(IV) Examine y when x  or x  – .
GREATEST AND LEAST VALUE OF VARIABLE AREA :

An important concept :
If y = f (x) is a monotonic function in (a, b) then the area bounded by the ordinates at x = a, x = b,
ab
y = f (x) and y = f (c), [where c  (a, b)] is minimum when c = .
2
c b
Proof : A =  f (c)  f (x ) dx   f (x )  f (c)  dx y
a c
c b f(b) y = f(x)
= f (c) (c  a )   f ( x )  dx   f ( x )  dx  f (c) (b  c)
a c f(c) y = f(c)
b c
f(a)
 A = [2c – (a + b) f(c) +  f ( x ) dx   f ( x)  dx
c a x' x
Differentiating w.r.t. c, O x=a c x=b
dA
= 2c  a  b  f '(c) + 2 f(c) + 0 – f(c) – (f(c)) y'
dc
dA
for maxima and minima 0
dc
 f '(x)[2c – (a + b)] = 0 (as f '(c)  0)
ab
hence c =
2
a  b dA a  b dA
Also c< ,  0 and c > ,  0.
2 dc 2 dc
ab
HenceAis minimum when c = .
2
Note : Let f(x) be the bijective function and g(x) be the inverse of it then area bounded by y = g(x), and the
ordinate at x = a and x = b is same as area bounded by y = f(x) and the abscissa at y = a and y = b as
f(x) and g(x) are mirror image with respect to line y = x.
AVERAGE VALUE OF A FUNCTION :
Average value of the function in y = f (x) y

w.r.t. x over an interval a  x  b is defined as
b yavg
1
yavg =
ba
 f ( x) dx O a b
x
a
Note :
(i) Average value can be + ve, – ve or zero.
(ii) If the function is defined in (0, ) then
b
1
b  b 
yavg = Lim f ( x ) dx provided the limit exists.
0
Root mean square value (RMS) is defined as
1
 1 b 2
 
 b  a a
f 2 ( x ) dx 

DETERMINATION OF FUNCTION :
dA( x )
The area function A(x) satisfies the differential equation = f (x) with initial conditionA(a)= 0
dx
i.e. derivative of the area function is the function itself.
Note : If F (x) is any integral of f (x) then ,
A(x) =  f (x) dx = [ F (x) + c ]

A(a) = 0 = F (a) + c  c =  F (a)
hence A(x) = F (x)  F (a). Finally by taking x = b we get , A(b) = F (b)  F (a).
EXERCISE-1 (SPECIAL DPP)
SECTION-A [DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION]
SPECIAL DPP-1
Q.1 Number of values of m  N for which y = emx is a solution of the differential equation
D3y – 3D2y – 4Dy + 12y = 0, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2
Q.2 Water is drained from a vertical cylindrical tank by opening a valve at the base of the tank. It is known
that the rate at which the water level drops is proportional to the square root of water depth y, where the
constant of proportionality k > 0 depends on the acceleration due to gravity and the geometry of the
1
hole. If t is measured in minutes and k = then the time to drain the tank if the water is 4 meter deep
15
to start with is
(A) 30 min (B) 45 min (C) 60 min (D) 80 min
x2
 1  dy 
Q.3 A curve y= f (x) passing through the point 1,  satisfies the differential equation + xe 2 = 0.
 e dx
Then which of the following does not hold good?
(A) f (x) is differentiable at x = 0.
(B) f (x) is symmetric w.r.t. the origin.
(C) f (x) is increasing for x < 0 and decreasing for x > 0.
(D) f (x) has two inflection points.
Q.4 The order & the degree of the differential equation whose general solution is, y= c(x  c)2, are respectively
(A) 1, 1 (B) 1, 2 (C) 1, 3 (D) 2, 1
Q.5 If the x – intercept of normal to a curve at P(x,y) is twice the abscissa of P then the equation of curve
passing through M(2 , 4) is
(A) x2 +y2 = 20 (B) x2 – y2 = – 12 (C) y2 = 8x (D) 2x2 + y2 = 24
dy
Q.6 Let y = f (x) be a continuous function such that = | x – 1 |. If y (0) = 0 then y (3) equals
dx
3 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
2 2 2
dy 2 y
Q.7 If  = 0, y(1) = 1, then y(2) is equal to
dx x
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D)
4
Q.8 Let a solution y = y(x) of the differential equation ey dy – (2 + cos x) dx = 0 satisfy y(0) = 0 then the value

of f   is equal to
2
(A) ln  (B) ln (2 + ) (C) ln (1 + ) (D) does not exist
Q.9 The order of differential equation corresponding to y = c1 cos 2x + c2 cos2 x + c3 sin2 x + c4 is

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) None of these
Q.10 Anormal is drawn at a point P(x, y) on a curve. It meets the x-axis and the y-axis atAand B respectively
such that (x-intercept)–1 + (y-intercept)–1 = 1, where O is origin, then find radius of the director circle of
the curve passing through (3, 3).
SPECIAL DPP-2
  y  y
Q.1 A curve passes through the point  1 ,  & its slope at any point is given by  cos2   . Then the
 4 x x
curve has the equation
e
(A) y=x tan–1(ln ) (B) y=x tan–1(ln + 2)
x
1 –1 e
(C) y = tan (ln ) (D) none
x x
x
Q.2 If y = ln | c x | (where c is an arbitrary constant) is the general solution of the differential equation
dy y x x
= +   then the function   is :
dx x  y  y
x2 x2 y2 y2
(A) (B) – (C) 2 (D) – 2
y2 y2 x x
Q.3 The real value of m for which the substitution, y = um will transform the differential equation,
dy
2x4y + y4 = 4x6 into a homogeneous equation is :
dx
(A) m = 0 (B) m = 1 (C) m = 3/2 (D) no value of m
4 y2  4xy  x 2  
Q.4 Let y' = and y (1) = 0, then y e 2  equals
4x 2  
 
  
1 1 
(A) e 2 (B) e2 (C) e 2 (D)
2 4 2
dy xy 1
Q.5 Let y = f (x) satisfy the differential equation = , y (1) = 1, then y   is equal to
dx x e
2 1
(A) 2e (B) (C) 0 (D)
e e
Paragraph for question nos. 6 & 7

x
A differentiable function y = g(x) satisfies  ( x  t  1) g(t) dt = x4+ x2 for all x  0.
0
Q.6 y = g(x) satisfies the differential equation
dy dy
(A) – y = 12x2 + 2 (B) + 2y = 12x2 + 2
dx dx
dy dy
(C) + y = 12x2 + 2 (D) + y = 12x2 – 2
dx dx
Q.7 The value of g(0) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e2 (D) data insufficient
Q.8 A curve is such that the ratio of the subnormal at any point to the sum of its co-ordinates is equal to the
ratio of the ordinate of this point to its abscissa. If the curve passes through M(1, 0), then possible
equation of the curve is(are)
ln x 2( x  1) 1 x2
(A) y = x ln x (B) y = (C) y = (D) y =
x x2 2x
Q.9 Identify the statement(s) which is/are True.

y
(A) f(x , y) = ey/x + tan is a homogeneous function of degree zero
x
y y2 y
(B) x . ln dx + sin1 dy = 0 is a homogeneous differential equation of degree one
x x x
(C) f(x , y) = x2 + sin x . cos y is not homogeneous function.
(D) (x2 + y2) dx - (xy2  y3) dy = 0 is a homegeneous differential equation.
 1
Q.10 Let y = f (x) be a curve C1 passing through (2,2) and  8,  and satisfying a differential equation
 2
2
 d2 y   dy 
y 2   2  . Curve C2 is the director circle of the circle x2 + y2 = 2. If the shortest distance
 dx   dx 
between the curves C1 and C2 is  

p  q where p, q  N, then find the value of (p2 – q).
SPECIAL DPP-3
Q.1 A function y = f (x) satisfies the differential equation f (x) · sin 2x – cos x + (1 + sin2x) f ' (x) = 0 with
initial condition y (0) = 0. The value of f  6  is equal to
(A) 1/5 (B) 3/5 (C) 4/5 (D) 2/5
Q.2 The solution of the differential equation, ex(x + 1)dx + (yey – xex)dy = 0 with initial condition f (0) = 0,
is
(A) xex + 2y2ey = 0 (B) 2xex + y2ey = 0 (C) xex – 2y2ey = 0 (D) 2xex – y2ey = 0
dy
Q.3 If the differentiable equation – y = y2(sin x + cos x) with y (0) = 1 then y () has the value equal to
dx
(A) e (B) – e (C) e– (D) – e–
Q.4 The equation of curve passing through origin and satisfying the differential equation
dy
(1 + x2) + 2xy = 4x2 , is
dx
(A) 3(1 + x2) y = 2x3 (B) (1 + x2) y = x3 (C) (1 + x2) y = 3x3 (D) 3(1 + x2) y = 4x3
dy
Q.5 Let y = f(x) be a real valued function satisfying x = x2 + y – 2, f (1) = 1 then f (3) equals
dx
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 8
Q.6 If y(t) satisfies the differential equation y'(t) + 2 y(t) = 2 e–2t, y(0) = 2 then y(1) equals
3 3 4 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
e e2 e e2
g ' x  g' (x) df (x)

Q.7 Let y ' (x) + · y(x) = where f ' (x) denotes and g(x) is a given non-constant
g(x) 1  g2 (x) dx
differentiable function an R. If g(1) = y(1) = 1 and g(e) =  2e  1 then y(e) equals
3 1 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2g(e) 2g(e) 3g(e) 3g(e)
 
Q.8 If the function y = f(x) satisfies f '(x) + f (x) cot x – 2 cos x = 0, f   = 1, then f   is equal to
2 3
1 3
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 2
2 2
Q.9 If 2xy dy = (x2 + y2 + 1)dx, y(1) = 0 and y (x0) = 3 , then x0 can be

(A) 2 (B) – 2 (C) 3 (D) – 3
1
dy
Q.10 Let function y = f(x) satisfies the differential equation x2 = y2 e x (x  0) and Lim f ( x )  1 .
dx x 0
Identify the correct statement(s)?
1 
(A) Range of f(x) is (0, 1) –   . (B) f(x) is bounded
2
e 1
(C) Lim f ( x )  1 (D)  f ( x ) dx   f ( x ) dx
x 0
0 0
SECTION-B [AREA UNDER THE CURVE]
SPECIAL DPP-1
Q.1 Suppose y = f (x) and y = g(x) are two continuous functions whose graphs intersect at the three points
(0, 4), (2, 2) and (4, 0) with f (x) > g (x) for 0 < x < 2 and f (x) < g (x) for 2 < x < 4.
4 4
If  [f ( x )  g ( x )] dx =10 and  [g( x )  f ( x )] dx =5, the area between two curves for 0 < x < 2, is
0 2
(A) 5 (B) 10
(C) 15 (D) 20
Q.2 Let 'a' be a positive constant number. Consider two curves C1: y = ex, C2 : y =ea – x. Let S be the area
S
of the part surrounding by C1, C2 and the y-axis, then Lim equals
a 0 a2
(A) 4 (B) 1/2 (C) 0 (D) 1/4
Q.3 Area enclosed by the curve y = (x2 + 2x)e–x and the positive x-axis is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
Q.4 The slope of the tangent to a curve y = f (x) at (x , f (x)) is 2x + 1 . If the curve passes through the
point (1 , 2) then the area of the region bounded by the curve , the x-axis and the line x = 1 is
5 6 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
6 5 6
Q.5 The area bounded by the curves y =   x and x =   y where x, y  0

(A) cannot be determined
(B) is 1/3
(C) is 2/3
(D) is same as that of the figure bounded by the curves y =  x ; x  0 and x =  y ; y  0
Q.6 Area of region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, x = 2, y = 2, y  ex & y  ln x is

(A) 6 – 4 ln 2 (B) 4 ln 2 – 2 (C) 2 ln 2 – 4 (D) 6 – 2 ln 2

Q.7 The area bounded by the curve y = | cos x – sin x |, 0  x  and above x-axis is
2
(A) 2 2 (B) 2 2  2 (C) 2 2  1 (D) 2 2  2
ex  e x 1
Q.8 The area bounded by the curve y = and the lines y = 0, x = ln 2 and x = ln is
2 2
3 5 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 2
Q.9 Find the area bounded by the curve y= 2 x  x² & the straight line y =  x.
Q.10 Find the area enclosed by the parabola y = 1 + x2 and a normal drawn to it with gradient – 1.
SPECIAL DPP-2
Q.1 The area bounded by the curve y = x e–x ; xy = 0 and x = c where c is the x-coordinate of the curve's
inflection point, is
(A) 1 – 3e–2 (B) 1 – 2e–2 (C) 1 – e–2 (D) 1
3
Q.2 The line y = mx bisects the area enclosed by the curve y = 1 + 4x  x2 & the lines x = 0, x =
2
& y = 0 . Then the value of m is :
13 6 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 4
6 13 2
Q.3 If the line x – 1 = 0 divides the area bounded by the curves 2x + 1 = 4 y  1 , y = x and y = 2
 
in two regions of area A1 and A2 (A1 < A2), then A12  A 2 2 is equal to
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8
2
Q.4 The area bounded by the curve y = x2 and y = is  sq. units, then the value of [] is
1 x2
[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k.]
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
Q.5 Let R be the region satisfying y < x2 + 1, y > x – 1, x < 1 and x > 0, then area of R is
11 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
6 2 6
Q.6 Let S be the area enclosed by the curves f(x) = 4|x| – |x|3 and g(x) + 4 – x 2 = 0. The value of [S]
is equal to
[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k.]
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 16
Paragraph for question nos. 7 & 8
Let f be a twice differentiable function such that f " (x) = 1 – f (x) where f ' (0) = f (0) = 1.
Q.7 Area bounded by the curve y = f (x) and the x-axis from x = 0 to x =  is
(A) 2 + 4 (B) + 2 (C) + 4 (D) 2 + 2

2
f (x) 1
Q.8 The value of  cos 2 x  1 dx is equal to
0
   3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 4
Q.9 Consider the functions f (x) and g (x), both defined from R  R and are defined as
f (x) = 2x – x2 and g (x) = xn where n  N. If the area between f (x) and g (x) in first quadrant is 1/2 then
n is a divisor of
(A) 12 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 30
Q.10 Find the area bounded by y = xe|x| and lines |x| = 1, y = 0.
SPECIAL DPP-3
Q.1 Consider the following regions in the plane :

R1 = {(x, y) : 0  x  1 and 0  y  1}
R2 = {(x, y) : x2 + y2  4/3}
a 3  b
The area of the region R1  R2 can be expressed as , where a and b are integers. Then the
9
value of (a + b) equals
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
Q.2 In the shown figure, half a period of sin x from 0 to  is split into two y
regions (light and dark shaded) of equal area bya line through the origin. (k, sin k)
If the line and the sine function intersect at a point whose x co-ordinate
is k, then k satisfies the equation x
O k
(A) k cos k + 2 sin k = 0 (B) k sin k + 2 cos k = 0
(C) k sin k + 2 cos k – 2 = 0 (D) 2 cos k + k sin k + 2 = 0
Q.3 Let f be a positive continuous function on the interval [–2, 3] and A(t) is the area of the region bounded
A (3)  A ( t )
by the graph of y = f (x) and the lines y = 0, x = – 2, and x = t where t  (–2, 3). If Lim
t 3 3 t
is equal to 100 then the value of f (3) equals
1
(A) 3 (B) 100 (C) (D) 300
100
Paragraph for Question no. 4 to 6

The graph of a polynomial f(x) of degree 3 is as shown in the figure and slope of tangent at Q (0, 5) is 3.
y
Q 5
4
3
2
1
P R
x
–2–1 O1 2 3
Q.4 Number of solutions of the equation f (| x |) = 3, is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.5 The equation of normal at the point where curve crosses y-axis, is
(A) 3x + y = 15 (B) x + 3y = 15 (C) x + 3y = 5 (D) 3x + y = 5
Q.6 Area bounded by the curve y = f(x) with x axis and lines x + 1 = 0, x – 1 = 0 is
13 15 17 19
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
Q.7 Let T be the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (0, c2) and (c, c2) and let R be the region between y = cx and
y = x2 where c > 0 then
c3 c3
(A) Area (R) = (B) Area of R =
6 3
Area (T ) Area (T ) 3
(C) Lim =3 (D) Lim =
c 0 Area (R ) c 0 Area (R ) 2
Q.8 Find the value of k > 0 so that the area of the bounded region enclosed betwen the parabolas
x2
y = x – kx2 and y = is maximum.
k
1
Q.9 Let An be the area bounded by the curve y = xn (n 1) and the line x = 0, y = 0 and x = .
2
n 2n A n 1
If  n

3
then find the value of n.
n 1
Q.10 Let y = f (x) be a curve which satisfies the differential equation ex dy + (x – 1)dx = 0 and f(0) = 0.
If area enclosed by the curve, the x-axis and a line x = c where c, f (c)  is the point of inflection on
 p
the curve is 1  q  , p, q  N then find the value of (p + q).
 e 
EXERCISE-2

(Formation & Variables Separable)]
Q.1 State the order and degree of the following differential equations:
3/ 2
d 2y   d y  
3 4 2
 d 2x  dx
(i)  2      xt = 0 (ii)  1    
d t  dt  d x2   d x  
 
Q.2(a) Form the differential equation of the family of curves represented by,
c (y + c)2 = x3 ; where c is any arbitrary constant.
(b) Form a differential equation for the family of curves represented by ax2 + by2 = 1, where a & b are
arbitary constants.
(c) Obtain the differential equation of the family of circles x 2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0;
where g , f & c are arbitary constants.
(d) Obtain the differential equation associated with the primitive,
y = c1e3x + c2e2x + c3 ex, where c1, c2, c3 are arbitrary constants.
dy
Q.3 Solve : = sin (x + y) + cos (x + y)
dx
dy x (2 ln x  1)
Q.4 Solve : =
dx sin y  y cos y
dy 
Q.5 Solve : sin x . = y . lny if y = e, when x =
dx 2
Q.6 The population P of a town decreases at a rate proportional to the number by which the population
exceeds 1000, proportionality constant being k > 0. Find
(a) Population at any time t, given initial population of the town being 2500.
(b) If 10 years later the population has fallen to 1900, find the time when the population will be 1500.
(c) Predict about the population of the town in the long run.
Q.7 It is known that the decayrate of radium is directly proportional to its quantityat each given instant. Find
the law of variation of a mass of radium as a function of time if at t = 0 , the mass of the radius was m0
and during time t0  % of the original mass of radium decay.
Q.8 A normal is drawn at a point P(x , y) of a curve. It meets the x axis at Q. If PQ is of constant length
dy
k, then show that the differential equation describing such curves is, y = ± k 2  y 2 . Find the
dx
equation of such a curve passing through (0, k).
Q.9 Let C be a curve passing through M (2, 2) such that the slope of the tangent at any point to the curve
is reciprocal of the ordinate of the point. If the area bounded by curve C and line x = 2 is expressed
p
as a rational (where p and q are in their lowest form), then find (p + q).
q
Q.10 A curve is such that the length of the polar radius of any point on the curve is equal to the length of the
tangent drawn at this point. Form the differential equation and solve it to find the equation of the curve.
x
Q.11 Let f (x) is a continuous function which takes positive values for x  0 and satisfy  f ( t ) dt = x f ( x )
0
with f (1) =
1
2
. Find the value of f  
2 1 .
dy x 2  xy
Q.12 Solve : = 2
dx x  y2
Q.13 Find the equation of a curve such that the projection of its ordinate upon the normal is equal to its
abscissa.
Q.14 The light rays emanating from a point source situated at origin when reflected from the mirror of a search
light are reflected as beam parallel to the x-axis. Show that the surface is parabolic, by first forming the
differential equation and then solving it.
 y y  y y dy
Q.15 x cos x  y sin x  y = y sin x  x cos x  x d x
   
dy xy1
Q.16 =
dx 2x  2y  3
2
dy 2 (y  2)
Q.17 =
dx (x  y  1) 2
Q.18 Let y(x) be a real-valued differentiable function on the interval (0, ) such that y(1) = 0 and
y( x )
satisfies y'(x) = ln x + 2 – . Find the value of [y(e) – y'(e)].
x lnx
[Note: where [k] denotes largest integer less than or equal to k.]
x x
Q.19 Find the differentiable function which satisfies the equation f (x) = –  f ( t ) tan t dt   tan( t  x ) dt
0 0
where x    2 ,  2
Q.20 Atank contains 100 litres of fresh water.Asolution containing 1 gm/litre of soluble lawn fertilizer runs
into the tank at the rate of 1 lit/min, and the mixture is pumped out of the tank at the rate of 3 litres/min.
Find the time when the amount of fertilizer in the tank is maximum.
2
 dy dy
Q.21    (x  y )  xy  0
 dx dx
Q.22 (1  xy + x2 y2) dx = x2 dy
1
dy
Q.23
dx
=y+  y dx given y = 1 , where x = 0
0
Q.24 Find the curve which passes through the point (2, 0) such that the segment of the tangent between the
point of tangency & the y axis has a constant length equal to 2 .
Q.25 Find the equation of the curve passing through the orgin if the middle point of the segment of its normal
from any point of the curve to the x-axis lies on the parabola 2y2 = x.
Q.1 Find the area bounded on the right by the line x + y = 2, on the left by the parabola y = x2 and below by
the x-axis.
Q.2 Find the area of the region bounded by curves f (x) = (x – 4)2, g (x) = 16 – x2 and the x - axis.
x
Q.3 A figure is bounded by the curves y = 2 sin , y = 0, x = 2 & x = 4. At what angles to the positive
4
xaxis straight lines must be drawn through (4 , 0) so that these lines partition the figure into three parts
of the same size.
Q.4 Find the area bounded by the curves y = 1  x 2 and y = x3  x. Also find the ratio in which the y-axis
divided this area.
Q.5 The line 3x + 2y = 13 divides the area enclosed by the curve,

9x2 + 4y2  18x  16y 11 = 0 into two parts. Find the ratio of the larger area to the smaller area.
Q.6 Find the values of m (m > 0) for which the area bounded by the line y = mx + 2 and
x = 2y – y2 is , (i) 9/2 square units & (ii) minimum.Also find the minimum area.
1
Q.7 Consider two curves C1 : y = and C2 : y = ln x on the xy plane. Let D1 denotes the region surrounded
x
by C1, C2 and the line x = 1 and D2 denotes the region surrounded by C1, C2 and the line x = a.
If D1 = D2. Find the value of 'a'.
Q.8 Find the area enclosed between the curves : y = loge (x + e) , x = loge (1/y) & the xaxis.
Q.9 For what value of 'a' is the area bounded by the curve y = a2x2 + ax + 1 and the straight line y = 0,
x = 0 & x = 1 the least ?
a
Q.10 Let f (x) = 1 + cos x and g (x) = . If f (0) = g (0), f ' (0) = g ' (0), f " (0) = g " (0).
2
bx  cx  1
and the area bounded by the graph of g (x) and x-axis is k then find the value of k.
2
x
Q.11 Find the area bounded by the curve y = x e , the x-axis, and the line x = c where y(c) is maximum.
Q.12 The figure shows two regions in the first quadrant.

Y Y P(t, sin t2)
y=sin x2 P(t, sin t2)
A(t) B(t)
X t X X X
O O Y t
Y
A(t) is the area under the curve y = sin x2 from 0 to t and B(t) is the area of the triangle with vertices O,
A(t )
P and M(t, 0). Find Lim .
t0 B( t )
Q.13 Consider the curve y = xn where n > 1 in the 1st quadrant. If the area bounded by the curve, the x-axis
and the tangent line to the graph of y = xn at the point (1, 1) is maximum then find the value of n.
ln x  c
Q.14 Show that the area bounded by the curve y = , the x-axis and the vertical line through the
x
maximum point of the curve is independent of the constant c.
Q.15 Let An be the area bounded by the curve y = (tan x)n & the lines x = 0, y = 0 & x = /4. Prove that for
n > 2 , An + An2 = 1/(n  1) & deduce that 1/(2n + 2) < An < 1/(2n  2).
EXERCISE-3
SECTION-A
(JEE-ADVANCED Previous Year's Questions)
2
Q.1 Let a solution y = y (x) of the differential equation, x x 2  1 dy  y y 2  1 dx  0 satisfy y (2) = .
3
 
Statement-1 : y (x) = sec  sec 1 x  
 6
1 2 3 1
Statement-2 : y (x) is given by   1 2
y x x
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE 2008, 3]
Q.2
(i) Match the statements/expressions In Column I with the open intervals In Column II.
Column I Column II
  
(A) Interval contained in the domain of definition of non-zero (p)  , 
 2 2
solutions of the differential equation (x - 3)2 y +y = 0
 
(B) Interval containing the value of the integral (q)  0, 
 2
5
 ( x  1) ( x  2) ( x  3) ( x  4) ( x  5)dx
1
  5 
(C) Interval in which at least one of the points of local maximum (r)  , 
8 4 
of cos2x + sin x lies
 
(D) Interval in which tan–1 (sin x + cos x) is increasing (s)  0, 
 8
(t) ( – , )
(ii) Match the statements/expressions given in Column I with the values given in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) The number of solutions of the equation (p) 1
 
xesin x  cos x  0 in the interval  0, 
 2
(B) Value(s) of k for which the planes (q) 2
kx + 4y + z = 0, 4x + ky + 2z = 0 and 2x + 2y + z = 0
intersect in a straight line
(C) Value(s) of k for which |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x + 1| + |x + 2| = 4k (r) 3
has integer solution(s)
(D) If y = y + 1 and y(0) = 1, then value(s) of y (ln 2) (s) 4
(t) 5
[JEE 2009, (2+2+2+2)×2]
Q.3 Let f be a real valued differentiable function on R (the set of all real numbers) such that f (1) = 1. If the
y-intercept of the tangent at any point P(x, y) on the curve y = f (x) is equal to the cube of the abscissa
of P, then the value of f (–3) is equal to [JEE 2010, 3]
Q.4
x
(a) Let f : [1, )  [2, ) be a differentiable function such that f (1) = 2. If 6  f ( t ) dt = 3x f (x) – x3 – 5
1
for all x  1, then the value of f (2) is
d f (x)
(b) Let y'(x) + y(x) g'(x) = g(x) g'(x), y (0) = 0, x  R, where f '(x) denotes and g (x) is a given
d(x )
non-constant differentiable function on R with g (0) = g (2) = 0. Then the value of y(2) is
[JEE 2011, 4+4]
Q.5 If y (x) satisfies the differential equation y' – y tan x = 2x sec x and y(0) = 0, then
  2  
2
(A) y    (B) y '   
4 8 2  4  18
2 2
     4  2
(C) y '    (D) y '     [JEE 2012, 4]
3 9 3 3 3 3
 
Q.6 A curve passes through the point 1,  . Let the slope of the curve at each point (x, y) be
 6
y y
 sec   , x > 0. Then the equation of the curve is
x x
 y 1  y
(A) sin   = log x + (B) cosec   = log x + 2
x 2 x
 2y   2y  1
(C) sec   = log x + 2 (D) cos   = log x +
 x   x  2
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, 2]
dy xy x 4  2x
Q.7 The function y = f (x) is the solution of differential equation  2  in (–1, 1)
dx x  1 1 x2
3
2
satisfying f (0) = 0. Then  f ( x )dx is
3

2
 3  3  3  3
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
3 2 3 4 6 4 6 2
Q.8 Let y (x) be a solution of the differential equation (1 + ex)y' + yex = 1. If y (0) = 2, then which of the
following statements is(are) true?
(A) y (– 4) = 0
(B) y (– 2) = 0
(C) y (x) has a critical point in the interval (– 1, 0)
(D) y (x) has no critical point in the interval (– 1, 0)
Q.9 Consider the family of all circles whose centers lie on the straight line y = x. If this family of circles is
represented by the differential equation Py'' + Qy' + 1 = 0, where P, Q are functions of x, y and y'
dy d2y
(here y' = , y'' = 2 ), then which of the following statement(s) is(are) true?
dx dx
(A) P = y + x (B) P = y – x
(C) P + Q = 1 – x + y + y' + (y')2 (D) P – Q = x + y – y' – (y')2.
f (x)
Q.10 Let f : (0, )  R be a differentiable function such that f '(x) = 2 – for all x  (0, ) and
x
f (1)  1. Then
1 1
(A) Lim f '   = 1 (B) Lim xf   = 2
x 0  x  x 0 x
(C) Lim x 2f ' ( x ) = 0 (D) | f (x) |  2 for all x  (0, 2)
x 0
dy
Q.11 A solution curve of the differential equation (x2 + xy + 4x + 2y + 4) – y2 = 0, x > 0, passes through
dx
the point (1, 3). Then the solution curve
(A) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at one point (B) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at two points
(C) intersects y = (x + 2)2 (D) does NOT intersect y = (x + 3)2
Q.12 If y = y(x) satisfies the differential equation

1
 
8 x  9  x  dy =  4  9  x  dx , x > 0
   
and y(0) = 7 , then y(256) =
(A) 16 (B) 80 (C) 3 (D) 9
Q.13 Let f : (0, ) R be a twice differentiable function such that

f ( x ) sin t  f ( t ) sin x
Lim = sin2x for all x (0, ).
tx tx
 
If f   = – , then which of the following statement(s) is(are) TRUE ?
6 12
 
(A) f   =
4 4 2
x4
(B) f (x) < – x2 for all x  (0, )
6
(C) There exists (0, ) such that f '() = 0
 
(D) f "    f   = 0 [JEE (Advanced) 2018, 4]
2 2
Q.14 Let f : R  R be a differentiable function with f (0) = 0. If y = f (x) satisfies the differential equation
dy
= (2 + 5y) (5y – 2),
dx
then the value of Lim f ( x ) is______. [JEE (Advanced) 2018, 3]
x 

Q.1
1 sin x 1 sin x
(a) The area of the region between the curves y = and y = bounded by the lines
cos x cos x

x = 0 and x = is
4
2 1 2 1
t 4t
(A)  2
(1  t ) 1  t 2
dt (B)  2
(1  t ) 1  t 2
dt
0 0
2 1 2 1
4t t
(C)  (1  t 2 ) 1  t 2
dt (D)  (1  t 2 ) 1  t 2
dt
0 0
(b) Comprehension (3 questions together):
Consider the functions defined implicitly by the equation y3 – 3y + x = 0 on various intervals in the
real line.
If x (–, –2)(2, ), the equation implicitly defines a unique real valued differentiable
function y = f (x).
If x (–2, 2), the equation implicitly defines a unique real valued differentiable function y=g(x)
satisfying g(0)=0.
(i) If f (–10 2 ) = 2 2 , then f '' (–10 2 ) =

4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
(A) (B)  (C) (D) 
7332 7332 733 733
(ii) The area of the region bounded by the curve y = f (x), the x-axis, and the lines x = a and x = b,
where – < a < b < –2, is
b b
x x
(A)   
3 (f ( x )) 2  1
dx + b f (b) – a f (a) (B) –  3(f (x )) 2  1 dx + b f (b) – a f (a)
a a
b b
x x
(C)   
3 (f ( x )) 2  1
dx – b f (b) + a f (a) (D) –  3(f (x )) 2  1 dx – b f (b) + a f (a)
a a
(iii)  g' ( x) dx =
1
(A) 2g(–1) (B) 0 (C) – 2 g(1) (D) 2 g(1)
[JEE 2008, 3 + 4 + 4 + 4]
Q.2 Area of the region bounded by the curve y = ex and lines x = 0 and y = e is
e 1 e
(B)  ln (e  1  y)dy (C) e   e dx (D)  ln y dy

x
(A) e – 1
1 0 1
[JEE 2009, 4]
Q.3 Consider the polynomial f(x) = l + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3. Let s be the sum of all distinct real roots of f(x)
and let t = | s |.
(i) The real number s lies in the interval

 1   3  3 1  1
(A)   , 0  (B)   11,   (C)   ,   (D)  0, 
 4   4  4 2  4
(ii) The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = t, lies in the interval
3   21 11   21 
(A)  , 3  (B)  ,  (C) (9, 10) (D)  0, 
4   64 16   64 
(iii) The function f (x) is

 1  1 
(A) increasing in   t ,   and decreasing in   , t 
 4  4 
 1  1 
(B) decreasing in   t ,   and increasing in   , t 
 4  4 
(C) increasing in (– t, t)
(D) decreasing in (– t, t) [JEE 2010, 3+3+3]
Q.4
(a) Let the straight line x = b divide the area enclosed by y = (1 – x)2, y = 0 and x = 0 into two parts
1
R1 (0  x  b) and R2 (b  x  1) such that R1 – R2 = . Then b equals
4
3 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 4
(b) Let f : [–1, 2]  [0, ] be a continuous function such that f (x) = f (1 – x) for all x  [–1, 2].
2
Let R1 =  x f ( x) dx , and R2 be the area of the region bounded by y = f (x), x = – 1, x = 2 and the
1
x-axis. Then
(A) R1 = 2R2 (B) R1 = 3R2 (C) 2R1 = R2 (D) 3R1 = R2
[JEE 2011, 3+3]

Q.5 The area enclosed by the curves y = sin x + cos x and y = | cos x – sin x | over the interval 0,  is
 2
(A) 4 ( 2 – 1) (B) 2 2 ( 2 – 1) (C) 2 ( 2 + 1) (D) 2 2 ( 2 + 1)

x2 
6  1
Q.6 Let F (x) = 
x
2 cos 2 t dt for all x  R and f : 0,
 2 
 [0, ) be a continuous function. For
 1
a  0,  , if F ' (a) + 2 is the area of the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, y = f (x) and x = a, then
 2
f (0) is [JEE (Advanced) 2015, 4]
Q.7 Suppose that F() denotes the area of the region bounded by x = 0, x = 2, y2 = 4x and
8 2
y = | x – 1 | + | x – 2 | + x, where  {0, 1}.Then the value(s) of F() + ,
3
when  = 0 and  = 1, is (are)
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, MTC, 2]
Q.8 Area of the region {(x, y)  R2 : y  | x  3 | , 5y  x + 9  15} is equal to

1 4 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 3 2 3
Q.9 If the line x =  divides the area of region R = {(x, y)  R2 : x3  y  x, 0  x  1} into two equal parts,
then
1 1
(A) 24 – 42 + 1 = 0 (B) 4 + 42 – 1 = 0 (C) 0 <   (D) <<1
2 2
x
Q.10 Let f : [0, )  R be a continuous function such that f(x) = 1 – 2x +  e x  t f ( t ) dt for all x  [0, ).
0
Then, which of the following statement(s) is(are) TRUE?
(A) The curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, 2).
(B) The curve y = f(x) passes through the point (2, – 1).

(C) The area of the region ( x , y)  [0,1]  R : f ( x )  y  1  x 2  is  4 2 .
(D) The area of the region  ( x , y)  [0,1]  R : f ( x )  y  1 x2  is  41 .
SECTION-B
(JEE-MAIN Previous Year's Questions)
Q.1 The differential equation of the family of circles with fixed radius 5 units and centre on the line y = 2 is -
(1) (y – 2) y2 = 25 – (y – 2)2 (2) (y – 2)2 y2 = 25 – (y – 2)2
(3) (x – 2) y = 25 – (y – 2)
2 2 2
(4) (x – 2) y2 = 25 – (y – 2)2 [AIEEE 2008]
dy xy
Q.2 The solution of the differential equation = satisfying the condition y(1) = 1 is -
dx x
(1) y = x n x + x2 (2) y = xe(x–1)
(3) y = x n x + x (4) y = n x + x [AIEEE 2008]
Q.3 The differential equation which represents the family of curves y = c1 e c 2 x where c1 and c2 are arbitrary
constants, is - [AIEEE 2009]
(1) y= y2 (2) y= y y (3) yy = y (4) yy = (y)2

Q.4 Solution of the differential equation cos x dy = y (sin x – y) dx, 0  x  , is
2
(1) sec x = (tan x + c) y (2) y sec x = tan x + c
(3) y tan x = sec x + c (4) tan x = (sec x + c)y [AIEEE 2010]
Q.5 Let I be the purchase value of an equipment and V(t) be the value after it has been used for t years. The
dV ( t )
value V(t) depreciates at a rate given by differential equation = –k(T – t), where k > 0 is a
dt
constant and T is the total life in years of the equipment. Then the scrap value V(T) of the equipment is
I kT 2 k (T  t ) 2
(1) T2 – (2) I – (3) I – (4) e – kT [AIEEE 2011]
k 2 2
dy
Q.6 If = y + 3 > 0 and y (0) = 2, then y (ln 2) is equal to
dx
(1) 7 (2) 5 (3) 13 (4) –2 [AIEEE 2011]
Q.7 The population p(t) at time t of a certain mouse species satisfies the differential equation
dp( t )
= 0.5 p(t) – 450. If p(0) = 850, then the time at which the population becomes zero is
dt
1
(1) ln 18 (2) ln 18 (3) 2 ln 18 (4) ln 9 [AIEEE 2012]
2
Q.8 At present, a firm is manufacturing 2000 items. It is estimated that the rate of change of production P
dP
w.r.t. additional number of workers x is given by = 100 – 12 x . If the firm employs 25 more
dx
workers, then the new level of production of items is
(1) 3000 (2) 3500 (3) 4500 (4) 2500
[JEE (Main) 2013]
Q.9 Let the population of rabbits surviving at a time t be governed by the differential equation
dp( t ) 1
= p(t) – 200.
dt 2
If p(0) = 100, then p(t) equals
t t
(1) 400 – 300 e 2 (2) 400 – 300 e 2
t t
(3) 300 – 200 e 2 (4) 600 – 500 e 2 [JEE (Main) 2014]
dy
Q.10 Let y(x) be the solution of the differential equation (x log x) + y = 2x log x, (x  1). Then y(e)
dx
is equal to
(1) 2 (2) 2e (3) e (4) 0
[JEE (Main) 2015]
Q.11 If a curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, – 1) and satisfies the differential equation
 1 
y (1 + xy) dx = x dy, then f   is equal to
 2 
4 2 4 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) [JEE (Main) 2016]
5 5 5 5
dy  
Q.12 If (2 + sin x) + (y + 1) cos x = 0 and y(0) = 1, then y  is equal to
dx 2
1 2 1 4
(1) (2) (3) (4) [JEE (Main) 2017]
3 3 3 3
dy
Q.13 Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation sin x  y cos x  4 x , x  (0, ) .
dx
 
If y    0 , then y   is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2018]
2 6
8 2 4 2 4 8 2
(1)   (2)   (3) 2 (4) 
9 9 9 3 9 3

Q.1 The area of the plane region bounded by the curves x + 2y2 = 0 and x + 3y2 = 1 is equal to -
1 2 4 5
(1) (2) (3) (4) [AIEEE 2008]
3 3 3 3
Q.2 The area of the region bounded by the parabola (y – 2)2 = x – 1, the tangent to the parabola at the point
(2, 3) and the x – axis is -
(1) 3 (2) 6 (3) 9 (4) 12 [AIEEE 2009]
3
Q.3 The area bounded by the curves y = cos x and y = sin x between the ordinates x = 0 and x = is
2
 
(1) 4 2  2 sq. unit 
(2) 4 2  2 sq. unit
(3) 4 2  1 sq. unit (4) 4 2  1 sq. unit [AIEEE 2010]
Q.4 The area of the region enclosed by the curves y = x, x = e, y = 1/x and the positive x-axis is
1
(1) square units (2) 1 square units
2
3 5
(3) square units (4) square units [AIEEE - 2011]
2 2
y
Q.5 The area bounded between the parabolas x2 = and x2 = 9y, and the straight line y = 2 is
4
20 2 10 2
(1) (2) 10 2 (3) 20 2 (4) [AIEEE 2012]
3 3
Q.6 The area (in square units) bounded by the curves y = x , 2y – x + 3 = 0, x-axis and lying in the first
quadrant is
27
(1) 36 (2) 18 (3) (4) 9 [JEE (Main) 2013]
4
Q.7 The area of the region described by A = {(x, y) : x2 + y2  1 and y2  1 – x} is

 2  4  4  2
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
[JEE (Main) 2014]
Q.8 The area (in sq. units) of the region described by {(x, y) : y2  2x and y  4x – 1} is
15 9 7 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
64 32 32 64
[JEE (Main) 2015]
Q.9 The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y): y2  2x and x2 + y2  4x, x  0, y  0} is
 2 2 4 8 4 2
(1)  (2)  – (3)  – (4)  –
2 3 3 3 3
[JEE (Main) 2016]
Q.10 The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : x  0, x + y  3, x2  4y and y  1 + x } is
59 3 7 5
(1) (2) (3) (4) [JEE (Main) 2017]
12 2 3 2
Q.11 Let g(x) = cos x 2 , f(x) = x and ,  ( < ) be the roots of the quadratic equation
18x2 – 9x + 2 = 0. Then the area (in sq. units) bounded by the curve y = (gof) (x) and the lines x = ,
x =  and y = 0, is
(1)
1
2
 3 2  (2)
1
2
 2 1 
(3)
1
2
 
3 1 (4)
1
2
 3 1  [JEE (Main) 2018]
EXERCISE-4
SECTION-A
(CBSE Previous Year's Questions)
dy x (2 y  x )
Q.1 Solve the following differential equation  if y = 1 when x = 1. [CBSE Delhi 2008]
dx x (2 y  x )
Q.2 Form the differential equation representing the parabola having vertex at the origin and axis along positive
direction of x-axis. [CBSE (AI) 2008]
dy
Q.3 Solve the following differential equation  y  cos x  sin x . [CBSE Delhi 2009]
dx
Q.4 Find the particular solution, satisfying the given condition, for the following differential equation
dy y  y
  cos ec   0 , y = 0 when x = 1. [CBSE Delhi 2009]
dx x x
Q.5 Form the differential equation of the familyof circles touching the y-axis at origin.
[CBSE (AI) 2009]
Q.6 Form the differential equation representing the family of curves given by (x – a)2 + 2y2 = a2, where a is
an arbitrary constant. [CBSE (AI) 2009]
dy y
Q.7 Solve : x  y  x tan   . [CBSE (AI) 2009, 2002]
dx x
dy
Q.8 Solve the following differential equations x log x + y = 2 log x.
dx
[CBSE Delhi 2009, (AI) 2008]
2
d2y
What is the degree of the following differential equation 5x    2  6 y  log x .
dy
Q.9
 dx  dx
[CBSE Delhi 2010]
dy
Q.10 Solve the following differential equation 1  x 2  y 2  x 2 y 2  xy = 0. [CBSE (AI) 2010]
dx
dy
Q.11 Show that the differential equation (x – y) = x + 2y, is homogeneous and solve it.
dx
[CBSE (AI) 2010]
dy
Q.12 Solve the following differential equation (x3 + x2 + x + 1) = 2x2 + x. [CBSE (AI) 2010]
dx
Q.13 Show that the following differential equation is homogeneous and then solve it.
y
y dx + x log   dy – 2x dy = 0 [CBSE (AI) 2010, CBSE (F) 2010]
x
dy
Q.14 Solve the following differential equation (x2 + 1) + 2xy = x2  4 . [CBSE (AI) 2010]
dx
Q.15 Solve the following differential equation x dy – (y + 2x2) dx = 0. [CBSE (AI) 2011]
dy 1
Q.16 Solve the differential equation (x2 – 1) + 2xy = 2 .
dx x 1
x  (– , – 1)  (1, ) [CBSE (F) 2011; (AI) 2010; (F) 2009 ]
dy
Q.17 Solve the following differential equation cos2 x + y = tan x.
dx
[CBSE Delhi 2011, (AI) 2009, 2008]
Q.18 Find the particular solution of the differential equation satisfying the given condition
dx
(3x2 + y) = x, x > 0, when x = 1, y = 1. [CBSE (AI) 2011, (F) 2010]
dy
dy 
Q.19 Solve the following differential equation + 2y tan x = sin x, given that y = 0, when x = .
dx 3
[CBSE (F) 2011]
Q.20 Solve : x dy – y dx = x 2  y 2 dx [CBSE (AI) 2011, 2005]
Q.21 Find the particular solution of the differential equation (1 + e2x) dy + (1 + y2) ex dx = 0, given that
y = 1 when x = 0. [CBSE (F) 2011, 2005,2004,1996 ]
Q.22 Form the differential equation of the familyof circles in the second quadrant and touching the coordinate
axes. [CBSE 2012]
dy
Q.23 Find the particular solution of the differential equation x (x2 – 1) = 1 ; y = 0 when x = 2.
dx
[CBSE 2012]
Q.24 Solve the following differential equation : (1 + x2) dy + 2xy dx = cot x dx ; x  0. [CBSE 2012]
Q.25 Write the differential equation representing the familyof curves y = mx, where m is an arbitraryconstant.
[CBSE 2013]
dx
Q.26 Find the particular solution of the differential equation + x cot y = 2y + y2 cot y, (y  0),
dy

given that x = 0 when y = . [CBSE 2013]
2
dy
Q.27 Find the particular solution of the differential equation  1  x  y  xy , given that y = 0 when x = 1.
dx
[CBSE 2014]
dy 1
Solve the differential equation (1  x )  y  e tan x

2
Q.28 [CBSE 2014]
dx
Q.29 Find the sum of the order and the degree of the following differential equation:
3
2
 dy  d y
y = x   2 [CBSE 2015]
 dx  dx
Q.30 Find the solution of the following differential equation
x (1  y 2 ) dx  y (1  x 2 ) dy  0 [CBSE 2015]
dy
Q.31 Show that the differential equation (x – y) = x + 2y is homogeneous and solve it also.
dx
[CBSE 2015]
Q.32 Find the differential equation of the family of curves (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2, where h and k are arbitrary
constants. [CBSE 2015]
dy x  y cos x
Q.33 Find the particular solution of differential equation : 
dx 1  sin x
given that y = 1 when x = 0.
[CBSE 2016]
Q.34 Find the particular solution of the differential equation 2yex/y dx + (y – 2x ex/y) dy = 0
Given that x = 0 when y = 1.
[CBSE 2016]
Q.35 Find the general solution of the differential equation.

dy
– y = sin x [CBSE 2017]
dx
dy
Q.36 Find the particular solution of the differential equation (x – y) = (x + 2y), given that y = 0 when
dx
x = 1.
[CBSE 2017]
Q.37 Find the differential equation representing the family of curves y = aebx + 5, where a and b are arbitrary
constants.
[CBSE 2018]
Q.38 Find the particular solution of the differential equation ex tan y dx + (2 – ex) sec2y dy = 0, given that

y= when x = 0. [CBSE 2018]
4
dy
Q.39 Find the particular solution of the differential equation  2 y tan x  sin x , given that y = 0 when
dx

x= . [CBSE 2018]
3
Q.1 Find the area of the region enclosed between the two circles x2 + y2 = 1 and (x – 1)2 + y2 = 1.
[CBSE (AI) 2008, 1999; 1997 C, 1996 C, 1991]
Q.2 Find the area lying above x-axis and included between the circle x2 + y2 = 8x and the parabola
y2 = 4x. [CBSE Delhi 2008]
Q.3 Using integration find the area of the region {(x, y) : 25x2 + 9y2  225 and 5x + 3y  15 }.
[CBSE (F) 2009]
Q.4 Using the method of integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines 2x + y = 4,
3x – 2y = 6 and x – 3y + 5 = 0. [CBSE Delhi 2009]
Q.5 Prove that the curves y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the area of the square bounded by x = 0, x = 4,
y = 4 and y = 0 into three equal parts. [CBSE Delhi 2009]
Q.6 Find the area of the region enclosed between the two circles x2 + y2 = 9 and (x – 3)2 + y2 = 9.
[CBSE Delhi 2009]
Q.7 Find the area of the region included between the parabola 4y = 3x2 and the line 3x – 2y + 12 = 0.
[CBSE (AI) 2009]
Q.8 Using integration, find the area of the region. {(x, y) : 9x2 + y2  36 and 3x + y  6}.
[CBSE (F) 2009]
Q.9 Using integration, find the area of the triangle ABC with vertices as A(–1, 0), B(1, 3) and C(3, 2).
[CBSE (F) 2009]
Q.10 Find the area enclosed by the parabola y2 = x and line y + x = 2.

[CBSE (AI) 2009; CBSE 2005]
Q.11 Find the area of the region included between the parabolas y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4ay, where a > 0.
[CBSE (AI) 2009; CBSE 2003, 2004]
x 2 y2 x y
Q.12 Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse  = 1 and line  = 1.
9 4 3 2
[CBSE Delhi 2010]
 
Q.13 Using integration, find the area of the following region ( x , y) : | x  1 |  y  5  x 2  .
 
[CBSE Delhi 2010]
Q.14 Find the area of the circle 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 which is interior to the parabola x2 = 4y.
[CBSE (AI) 2010]
Q.15 Using integration, find the area of triangleABC, co-ordinates of whose vertices areA(4, 1), B(6, 6) and
C(8, 4). [CBSE (AI) 2010]
Q.16 Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines 4x – y + 5 = 0, x + y – 5 = 0 and
x – 4y + 5 = 0. [CBSE (F) 2010]
 
Q.17 Using integration, find the area of the following region. ( x , y) : | x  2 |  y  20  x 2 
 
[CBSE (F) 2010]
Q.18 Find the area bounded by the curve x2 = 4y and the straight line x = 4y – 2.
[CBSE Delhi 2010; CBSE 2004, 2005]
Q.19 Using integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have equations y = 2x + 1,
y = 3x + 1 and x = 4. [CBSE Delhi 2011]
Q.20 Sketch the graph of y = |x + 3| and evaluate the area under the curve y = |x + 3| above x-axis and
between x = –6 to x = 0. [CBSE (AI) 2011]
Q.21 Using the method of integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines :
2x + y = 4
3x – 2y = 6
x – 3y + 5 = 0 [CBSE (F) 2011]
Q.22 Find the area of the region {(x, y) : x2 + y2  4, x + y  2}. [CBSE 2012]
Q.23 Find the area of the region {(x, y) : y2  4x, 4x2 + 4y2  9} using method of integration.
[CBSE 2013]
Q.24 Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are (–1, 2), (1, 5)
and (3, 4) [CBSE 2014]
a2
Q.25 If the area bounded by the parabola y = 16ax and the line y = 4mx is
2
sq. units, then using integration,
12
find the value of m. [CBSE 2015]
Q.26 Using the method of integration, find the area of the triangular region whose vertices are (2, –2) (4, 3)
and (1, 2).
[CBSE 2016]
Q.27 Using the method of integration, find the area of the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices are
A(4, 1), B(6, 6) and C(8, 4).
[CBSE 2017]
Q.28 Find the area enclosed between the parabola 4y = 3x2 and the straight line 3x – 2y + 12 = 0.
[CBSE 2017]
Q.29 Using integration, find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line y = x and
the circle x2 + y2 = 32. [CBSE 2018]
SECTION-B
(Potential Problems Based on CBSE)
Q.1 Write the order and degree of each of the following differential equations :
d3 y  d 2 y  dy  d2y  3
      x 2  dy   y  0
(i)
dx 3
2  dx 2   dx  y  0 (ii)  dx 2   dx 
   
Q.2 Solve :
y
(i) sec2 x tan y dx + sec2 y tan x dy = 0 (ii) e x 1  y 2 dx  dy  0 .
x
dy
Q.3 Solve  y sec x = tan x.
dx
Q.4 Write the integrating factor in each of the following linear differential equations :
dy  1  x
  y  (1  x ) e
dx  1  x 
dy
Q.5 ( x log x )  y = 2 log x.
dx
dx
Q.6  (tan y) x  sec2 y
dy
Q.7 Write the solution of the differential equation (ex + e–x) dy = (ex – e–x) dx.
dy y
Q.8 Write the general solution of the differential equation  .
dx x
x y
Q.9 Form the differential equation representing the given family of curves   1 byeliminating arbitrary
a b
constants a and b.
Q.10 Form the differential equation representing the given family of curves y = ae3x + be–2x by eliminating
arbitrary constants a and b.
dy  dy 
Q.11 Solve the differential equation y  x  a y2   .
dx  dx 
 dy 
Q.12 Find the particular solution of the differential equation log   = 3x + 4y given that y = 0
 dx 
when x = 0.
 x x
 x
1  e y  dx  e y 1   dy  0 .
Q.13 Solve :  
  y
 
dy
Q.14 ( x  3y 2 ) = y(y > 0).
dx
Q.15 Solve the differential equation (tan–1 y – x) dy = (1 + y2) dx.
 
Q.16 Find the equation of the curve passing through the point  0,  whose differential equation is
 4
sin x cos y dx + cos x sin y dy = 0.
Q.17 Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve it (x2 + xy) dy = (x2 + y2) dx.
dy
Q.18 Solve : x + y – x + xy cot x = 0 (x  0).
dx
Q.1 Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y = x2 and y = |x| .
Q.2 Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 2y – x and the y-axis.
Q.3 Find the area of the region enclosed between the two circles : x2 + y2 = 4 and (x – 2)2 + y2 = 4.
Q.4 Using integration, find the area of region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are (1, 0), (2, 2) and
(3, 1).
Q.5 Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line y = x, and the circle
x2 + y2 = 32.
Q.6 Find the area of the region bounded by the two parabolas y = x2 and y2 = x.
Q.7 Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve y = x2 and the line y = x.
Q.8 Using integration find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y2 = 4x and the circle
4x2 + 4y2 = 9.
Q.9 Find the area of that part of the circle x2 + y2 = 16 which is exterior to the parabola y2 = 6x.
Q.10 Using integration, find the area bounded by the lines x + 2y = 2, y – x = 1 and 2x + y = 7.
EXERCISE-5 (Rank Booster)
  
Q.1 Find all functions f (x) defined on   ,  with real values and has a primitive F(x) such that
 2 2
sin 2 x
f (x) + cos x · F(x) = . Find f (x).
(1  sin x ) 2
dy
Q.2 Consider the differential equation, + P(x)y = Q(x)
dx
(i) If two particular solutions of given equation u(x) and v(x) are known, find the general solution of the
same equation in terms of u(x) and v(x).
(ii) If  and  are constants such that the linear combinations  · u(x) + ·v(x) is a solution of the given
equation, find the relation between  and .
v(x)  u(x)
(iii) If w(x) is the third particular solution different from u(x) and v(x) then find the ratio .
w(x)  u(x)
Q.3 Let f (x) be a differentiable function and satisfy f (0) = 2, f ' (0) = 3 and f '' (x) = f (x). Find
(a) the range of the function f (x)
(b) the value of the function when x = ln 2
(c) the area enclosed by y = f (x) in the 2nd quadrant
x
Q.4 Given two curves y = f(x) passing through the points (0, 1) & y =  f (t)dt passing through the points

(0, 1/2). The tangents drawn to both curves at the points with equal abscissas intersect on the x  axis.
Find the curve f(x).
Q.5 A & B are two separate reservoirs of water. Capacity of reservoirAis double the capacity of reservoir
B. Both the reservoirs are filled completely with water, their inlets are closed and then the water is
released simultaneously from both the reservoirs. The rate of flow of water out of each reservoir at any
instant of time is proportional to the quantity of water in the reservoir at that time. One hour after the
water is released, the quantity of water in reservoir Ais 1.5 times the quantity of water in reservoir B.
After how many hours do both the reservoirs have the same quantity of water ?
x2
Q.6 Consider a circle x2 + (y – 1)2 = 1 and the parabola y = – . The common tangents to the two curves
4
constitute a triangle ABC, the point A and B being on the x-axis and C on the y-axis. CA produced
touches the parabola at P and CB produced touches the parabola at Q.
(a) Find the equation of the common tangent BC.
(b) Find the area of the portion between the upper arc of the circle and the common tangents QC and PC.
x2
(c) Find the area enclosed by the parabola y = – , the x-axis and the lines AP and BQ.
4
Q.7 Consider one side AB of a square ABCD, (read in order) on the line y = 2x – 17, and the other two
vertices C, D on the parabola y = x2.
(a) Find the minimum intercept of the line CD on y-axis.
(b) Find the maximum possible area of the squareABCD.
(c) Find the area enclosed by the line CD with minimum y-intercept and the parabola y = x2.
Q.8 Let f : R  R be a differentiable function such that f(x + 2y) = f(x) + 4f(y) + 2y (2x – 1)
for all x, y  R and f '(0) = 1.
(a) Find the value of f(3) + f ' (3).
(b) Find the number of points of non-differentiability of the function y = f ( x )  f | x | .
(c) Find the area bounded by the curve f(x) and x-axis.
Q.9 Let f(x) be a continuous and positive function in [0, 5] and the area bounded by the graph of y = f(x) and
x-axis for 0  x  5 is 8. A(c) denotes the area between the graph of y = f(x) and x-axis for 0  x  c
A(c)
and B(c) denotes the area between the graph of y = f(x) and x-axis for c  x  5. Also R(c) = ,
B(c)
dR
R(3) = 1 and is equal to 7 at c = 3.
dc
(a) Find the value ofA(3).
(b) Find the value of A'(c) + B'(c) at c = 5.
(c) Find the value of f(3).
Q.10 In the adjacent figure, graphs of two functions y = f(x) and

y = sinx are given. y = sinx intersects, y = f(x) at A (a, f(a));
B(, 0) and C(2, 0). Ai (i = 1, 2, 3,) is the area bounded by
the curves y = f (x) and y = sinx between x=0 and x= a; i = 1,
between x = a and x = ; i = 2, between x =  and x = 2;
i = 3. IfA1 = 1 – sina + (a – 1)cosa, determine the function f(x).
Hence determine ‘a’and A1. Also calculate A2 and A3.
Q.11 For what value of 'a' is the area of the figure bounded by the lines,
1 1 4
y= ,y= , x = 2 & x = a equal to ln ?
x 2x  1 5
Q.12 Let C1 & C2 be two curves passing through the origin as shown in the figure.
A curve C is said to "bisect the area" the region between C1 & C2, if for each
point P of C, the two shaded regions A & B shown in the figure have equal
areas. Determine the upper curve C2, given that the bisecting curve C has
the equation y = x2 & that the lower curve C1 has the equation y = x2/2.
EXERCISE-1
SPECIAL DPP-1
Q.1 C Q.2 C Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 B
Q.6 C Q.7 D Q.8 B Q.9 A Q.10 0004
SPECIAL DPP-2
Q.1 A Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 A Q.5 C
Q.6 C Q.7 A Q.8 AD Q.9 ABC Q.10 0062
SPECIAL DPP-3
Q.1 D Q.2 B Q.3 A Q.4 D Q.5 C
Q.6 D Q.7 A Q.8 C Q.9 AB Q.10 ABD
SPECIAL DPP-1
Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 A
Q.5 B Q.6 A Q.7 B Q.8 C
9 4
Q.9 sq. units Q.10 A= sq. units
2 3
SPECIAL DPP-2
Q.1 A Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 A Q.5 A
Q.6 C Q.7 B Q.8 A Q.9 BCD Q.10 0002
SPECIAL DPP-3
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 B Q.4 D Q.5 B
Q.6 D Q.7 AC Q.8 0001 Q.9 0002 Q.10 0005
EXERCISE-2
Q.1 (i) order 2 & degree 3 (ii) order 2 & degree 2

2
d 2y  dy dy
Q.2 (a) 12y (y)2 = x[8(y)3  27]; (b) xy 2 + x    y = 0;
dx  dx dx
d3 y d2 y dy
(c) [1 + (y)²] .y  3y(y)² = 0 (d) 3
 6 2
 11  6y = 0
dx dx dx
xy 
Q.3 ln 1  tan =x+c Q.4 y sin y = x² ln x + c Q.5 y = etan(x/2)
 2 
1 5
Q.6 (a) P = 1000 + 1500e–kt where k = ln   ; (b) T = 10 log (3); (c) P = 1000 as t  
10  3  5/3
1   
Q.7 m=m0ekt where k =  ln  1   Q.8 x2 + y2 = k2 Q.9 19
t0  100 
1
Q.10 y = kx or xy = c Q.11
4
 1 1 x  2y 
Q.12 c(x  y)2/3 (x² + xy + y²)1/6 = exp  tan  where exp x  e
x
 3 x 3 
2
y2  y y2  x 2  2 2 c
Q.13 = n  y  y  x   3 , where same sign has to be taken.
x2 x
y  2
y 4 2 tan 1
x  3
Q.15 xy cos =c Q.16 x + y + = ce3(x2y) Q.17 e = c . (y + 2)
x 3
7
Q.18 0 Q.19 cos x – 1 Q.20 27 minutes
9
x2 1 1
Q.21 y = cex ; y = c +
2
Q.22 y=
x

tan  n cx  Q.23 y=
3 e
(2 ex  e + 1)
 2  4  x2 
Q.24 y = ±  4  x 2  2 n  Q.25 y2 = 2x + 1  e2x
 x 
 

2 2
Q.1 5/6 sq. units Q.2 64 Q.3   tan 1 ;   tan 1 4 2
3 3
  1 3  2
Q.4 ; Q.5 Q.6 (i) m = 1, (ii) m =  ; Amin= 4/3
2  1 2
Q.7 e Q.8 2 sq. units Q.9 a= 3/4
1
Q.10 4 Q.11 (1 – e–1/2 ) Q.12 2/3
2
Q.13 2 1 Q.14 1/2
EXERCISE-3
SECTION-A
Q.1 C
Q.2 (i) (A) p, q, s (B) p, t (C) p, q, r, t (D) s ; (ii) (A) p; (B) q, s ; (C) q, r, s, t ; (D) r
Q.3 9 Q.4(a) 6 ;(b) 0 Q.5 AD Q.6 A Q.7 B
Q.8 AC Q.9 BC Q.10 A Q.11 AD Q.12 C
Q.13 BCD Q.14 0.40

Q.1 (a) B, (b) (i) B, (ii) A, (iii) D Q.2 BCD
Q.3 (i) C; (ii) A; (iii) B Q.4(a) B ; (b) C
Q.5 B Q.6 3 Q.7 CD Q.8 C
Q.9 AD Q.10 BC
SECTION-B
Q.1 2 Q.2 3 Q.3 4 Q.4 2 Q.5 2
Q.6 1 Q.7 3 Q.8 2 Q.9 2 Q.10 1
Q.11 1 Q.12 1 Q.13 1

Q.1 3 Q.2 3 Q.3 1 Q.4 3 Q.5 1
Q.6 4 Q.7 2 Q.8 2 Q.9 3 Q.10 4
Q.11 3
EXERCISE-4
SECTION-A
 2 y 2  xy  x 2  6 1 4 y  x  6 1 3
Q.1 log 
 tan    2 log x  log 2  tan
 x2  7  7x  7 7
dy y y
Q.2 = Q.3 y = cos x + Ce– x Q.4 cos = log | x | + 1
dx 2x x
dy dy 2 y2  x 2
Q.5 2xy  x 2  y2  0 Q.6 = is the required equation.
dx dx 4xy
y
Q.7 Hence, x sin = C is the required solution. Q.8 y log x = (log x)2 + C
x
d2y
Q.9 Degree of differential equation is 1 because power of highest order derivative 2 is one.
dx
2 1 2
1  x2 1
Q.10 1  y  1  x  log +C=0
2 1 x2 1
1  2y  x 
Q.11  log x 2  xy  y2  3 tan 1    C
2  3x 
1 3 1  y 
Q.12 y= log x  1  log x 2  1  tan 1 x  C Q.13 log  x   1  cy
2 4 2    
x 4 1
Q.14 (x2 + 1) y = x2  4 + log x  x 2  4  C Q.15 y· = 2x + C or y = 2x2 + Cx
2 2 x
1 x 1
Q.16 y(x2 – 1) = log C Q.17 y = tan x – 1 + C e–tan x
2 x 1
Q.18 y = 3x2 – 2x Q.19 y = cos x – 2 cos2 x Q.20 y  x 2  y2  2

= C 2x 4
 2
Q.21 tan–1 (ex) + tan–1 y =

2
Q.22  dy  2

  x  2 xy  2 xy
dy

 y 2  2 xy  0
 dx  dx
1 9 log | sin x | c
Q.23 y log | x 2  1 |  log x  log Q.24 y= 2

2 3 1 x 1  x2
dy 2 x2 3
Q.25 yx Q.26 (y2–x)siny = Q.27 ln (1 + y) = x + 
dx 4 2 2
Q.28

 ye tan 1 x

 1
e tan x   C
2
Q.29 3
 2 
 2y  x 
Q.30 1  x 2  1  y2  C Q.31 ln y 2  xy  x 2  2 3 tan 1  C
 x 3 
3
  dy  2  2d y
2 2
1 x2
Q.32 1      r  2  Q.33 y=
2(1  sin x )
  dx    dx 
x
Q.34 2 e y = – ln y + 2 Q.35 2y = (cos x – sin x) + Cex
1  2t  1  3 y
Q.36 log (t2 + t + 1) + 3 tan–1   = ln x + , where t = .
2  3  6 x
2
d 2 y  dy 
Q.37 y   Q.38 y = tan–1(2 – ex). Q.39 y sec2x = secx – 2
dx 2  dx 

 2 3 4 15   
Q.1    sq. units Q.2 (8 + 3) sq. units Q.3   1 sq. units
 3 2  3 2 2 
 
9 3
Q.4 7/2 sq. units Q.5 16/3 sq. units Q.6 6 – sq. units
2
Q.7 27 sq. units Q.8 3( – 2) sq. units Q.9 4 sq. units
 3 
Q.10 9/2 sq. units Q.11 16a2/3 sq. units Q.12   3  sq. units.
 2 
 5 1   2 9 1 2 2 
   sq. units   sq. units Q.15
Q.13
 4 2
Q.14  6  4 sin 3  7 sq. units
 
15
Q.16 sq. units Q.17 (5 –2) sq. units Q.18 9/8 sq. units
2
Q.19 8 sq. units Q.20 9 sq. units Q.21 7/2 sq. units
9 9 1  1  1
Q.22  – 2 sq. units Q.23  sin    Q.24 4 sq. units
8 4 3 3 2
13
Q.25 2 Q.26 Q.27 7 sq. unit Q.28 27 sq. unit
2
Q.29 4square unit
SECTION-B
Q.1 (i) Order = 3, degree = 1 (ii) Order = 2, degree = 2

Q.2 (i) Hence, | tan x tan y | = C, where x  R – {(2n + 1) /2 : n  Z} is the solution of the given differenial
equation.
(ii) xex – ex = 1 y2 + C, where x  R is required solution.]
1
Q.3 y(sec x + tan x) sec x+ tan x – x + C. Q.4 Q.5 log x
1 x
d2y
Q.6 sec y Q.7 log | ex + e–x | + C Q.8 y = Cx Q.9 0
dx 2
d 2 y dy
Q.10   6y  0 Q.11 (x + a) (1 – ay) = Cy, which is the required solution.
dx 2 dx
Q.12 4e3x + 3e–4y – 7 = 0 Q.13 x + yex/y = C is the required solution.
1
Q.14 x = 3y2 + Cy Q.15 x = (tan–1 y – 1) + Ce  tan y
sec x 1 C
Q.16 cos y = Q.17 (y – x)2 = Cxe–y/x Q.18 y= – cot x + x sin x
2 x

8
Q.1 1/3 sq. units Q.2 4/3 sq. units Q.3  2 3 sq. units
3
Q.4 3/2 sq. units Q.5 4 sq. units Q.6 1/3 sq. units
2 2 1 9 9 1 1 
Q.7 1/6 sq. units Q.8    sin   sq. units
3 2 8 4 3
 32 4 
Q.9   3  sq. units Q.10 6 sq. units
 3 3 
EXERCISE-5
2 cos x
Q.1 f (x) = – – Ce– sin x · cos x
(1  sin x ) 2
Q.2 (i) y = u(x) + K(u(x) – v(x)) where K is any constant ; (ii)  +  = 1; (iii) constant
19
Q.3 (a) (– , ) (b) (c) 3 5 Q.4 f (x) = e2x
4
 
Q.5 T = log4/3 2 hrs from the start Q.6 (a) 3 x – y + 3 = 0; (b)  3  3  ; (c) 3
 
32 1
Q.7 (a) 3; (b) 1280; (c) Q.8 (a) 19 ; (b) 2 ; (c) Q.9 (a) 4 ; (b) 0 ; (c) 14
3 6
Q.10 f(x) = x sinx, a = 1; A1 = 1 – sin1; A2 =  – 1 – sin1; A3 = (3 – 2) sq. units
Q.11 a = 8 or
2
5
6  21  Q.12 (16/9) x2

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DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

2. Exercise-1 (Special DPP) 14 – 22

8. Exercise-5 (Rank Booster) 43 – 45

1.2 Order and Degree of Differential Equation :

2. FORMATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :

Consider a family of curves

3. LENGTH OF TANGENT, NORMAL, SUB-TANGENT, SUB-NORMAL:

(i) Length of Tangent :

(ii) Length of Normal :

(iii) Length of Sub-tangent :

4. SOLUTION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION :

Elementry Type of first order and first degree

Variable Separable Homogeneous Linear

4.1 Variables Separable :

4.3 Differential Equation of the Form :

4.4 Polar Coordinates :

4.5 Homogeneous Equations :

Homogeneous Differential Equation :

4.6 Equations Reducible to the Homogenous Form :

4.7 Linear Differential Equations :

Linear Differential Equations of First Order :

For solving such equations we multiply both sides by

Integrating factor = I.F. = e  P dx

functions of y alone or constants. In such a case the integrating factor is e 

4.8 Equations Reducible To Linear Form (Bernoulli’s Equation):

Note : Following exact differentials must be remembered :

ydx  xdy  x xdx  ydy

5. PHYSICAL APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION :

5.1 Mixture Problems :

5.2 Geometrical Applications of Differential Equation :

To find Orthogonal trajectories :

AREA UNDER THE CURVE

DIFFERENT CASES OF BOUNDED AREA : y

DIFFERENT CASES OF BOUNDED AREA :

5. The area bounded by x = f(y) and x = g(y) (where a  y  b), y

STANDARD AREAS TO BE REMEMBERED :

(3) Area enclosed by y2 = 4ax and its double ordinate at x = a :

(chord perpendicular to the axis of symmetry)

(a) Symmetry about x-axis

(c) Symmetry about both axes

(IV) Examine y when x  or x  – .

GREATEST AND LEAST VALUE OF VARIABLE AREA :

AVERAGE VALUE OF A FUNCTION :

Average value of the function in y = f (x) y

Note : If F (x) is any integral of f (x) then ,

A(x) =  f (x) dx = [ F (x) + c ]

EXERCISE-1 (SPECIAL DPP)

SECTION-A [DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION]

Q.9 The order of differential equation corresponding to y = c1 cos 2x + c2 cos2 x + c3 sin2 x + c4 is

Paragraph for question nos. 6 & 7

Q.7 The value of g(0) is equal to

Q.9 Identify the statement(s) which is/are True.

between the curves C1 and C2 is  

g ' x  g' (x) df (x)

differentiable function an R. If g(1) = y(1) = 1 and g(e) =  2e  1 then y(e) equals

Q.9 If 2xy dy = (x2 + y2 + 1)dx, y(1) = 0 and y (x0) = 3 , then x0 can be

SECTION-B [AREA UNDER THE CURVE]

Q.5 The area bounded by the curves y =   x and x =   y where x, y  0

Q.6 Area of region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, x = 2, y = 2, y  ex & y  ln x is

Paragraph for question nos. 7 & 8

Q.10 Find the area bounded by y = xe|x| and lines |x| = 1, y = 0.

Q.1 Consider the following regions in the plane :

Paragraph for Question no. 4 to 6