Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CBLM Commercial Cooking Fourth Year
CBLM Commercial Cooking Fourth Year
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
MODULE TITLE: Prepare and Cook Vegetables, Fruits and Egg Dishes
Module Introduction:
This module covers the skills, knowledge, and attitudes required to prepare
various stocks, sauces, and soup in a commercial kitchen or catering operation.
Expected Outcome
PRE-TEST
Direction: Read and understand the questions below. Choose the letter of the
correct answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1. What do you call the liquid in which meat, fish, and vegetable have been cooked?
a. glaze c. stock
b. sauce d. water
2. Which of the following stocks uses veal bone as its main ingredient?
a. brown stock c. prawn stock
b. ham stock d. white stock
6. Among the different types of stock, which one is the easiest to prepare?
a. brown stock c. white stock
b. fish stock d. vegetable stock
16. Which of the four basic sauces whose basic ingredient is milk is thickened with
flour enriched with butter?
a. Hollandaise sauce c. white sauce
b. savory butter d. veloute sauce
17. Among the four basic sauces, what sauce has a chief ingredient of chicken broth
thickened with flour and enriched with butter seasoning?
a. Hollandaise sauce c. white sauce
b. savory butter d. veloute sauce
18. Which of the four basic sauces has three basic ingredients like butter, egg yolk,
and lemon juice with seasoning for accent?
a. Hollandaise sauce c. veloute sauce
b. savory butter d. white sauce
19. Which of the four basic sauces has a basic ingredient like butter which is creamed
and blended with other ingredients to give individual flavor?
a. Hollandaise sauce c. white sauce
b. savory butter d. veloute sauce
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the classification of ingredients used in the standard
recipes, culinary terms and stock, clarifying agents used in preparing stocks. It also
deals with the selection of stocks, conveniences and substitute products and the
common problems and how to identify and rectify them.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
stock – a liquid in which meat fish and sometimes vegetables have
been cooked
clarification – to make or become clear
fumet – the savory color of meat while cooking
savory – a hardy, annual aromatic culinary herb of the mint family
poach – to cook food in a hot liquid in such a manner that it retains its
original shape
aromatic – having a smell of fragrant spicy
simmer – to cook very gently in water just below the boiling point
skim – to remove floating water from the surface with a ladle
mirepoix – a mixture of vegetable, herbs, and spices with or without meat,
used to enhance flavor of meat, fish and shell fish.
Stocks are great enhancement of flavor in food. The most basic food
preparation is that of quality stocks. They are made by simmering meat, poultry,
seafood, and vegetables in liquid to attract flavor, color, body, aroma, and nutrient
values. A very flavorful liquid that is carefully and properly made can produce a
variety of products. It can be used as a basic in soups, sauces and other preparation.
Its taste should be definite to allow ready identification, but it should not be too
strong to compete with other dish.
1. White stock or Fond Blanc is made by gently simmering poultry, beef or fish
bones. The aromatics in water are appropriate to extract the water-soluble
proteins that provide flavor and body. It is a clear and colorless liquid.
2. Brown Stock of Fond Brun is made by browning meat and bones of beef, veal,
or game through roasting with aromatic vegetables. It is an amber liquid.
3. Fumet is made with fish bones in which bones and mirepoix are allowed to
cook before the liquid is added. The technique is known as sweating method.
It is a highly flavored stock.
5. Remoullage is made from bones that have already been used. This stock is
less strong. It is a second stock which is usually reduced to make a glaze.
6. Broth or Bouillion is the liquid that is produced from simmering meat. It maybe
used as a basis for soup, stew, and braises, but it can also be used as a soup.
7. Jus – is a rich, lightly reduced stock used as a source for roasted meat. This
is done by deglazing the roasting pan, then reducing to achieve the rich flavor
desired.
11. Master stock – a special Chinese stock used primarily for poaching meats,
flavored with soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, ginger, garlic and other aromatics.
12. Glace viande –a stock made from bones, usually from veal, that is highly
concentrated by reduction.
1. The stock ingredients are boiled starting with cold water. This promotes the
extraction of protein which may be sealed in by hot water.
2. Stocks are simmered gently, with bubbles just breaking the surface, and not
boiled. If a stock is boiled, it will be cloudy.
3. Salt is not usually added to a stock, as this causes it to become too salty,
since most stocks are reduced to make soups and sauces.
4. Meat is added to the stock before the vegetables and the “scum” that rises
to the surface is skimmed off before further ingredients are added.
1. Bones – the flavor of the stock comes from the cartilage and connective
tissues.
2. Mirepoix – a combination of onion, carrots, celery and sometimes other
vegetables (carrot skins and celery end.)
3. Herbs and Spice – their use depends on availability and local traditions
(The bouquet garni for "garnished bouquet") is a bundle of herbs usually
tied together with string and mainly used to prepare soup, stock, and various
stews. The bouquet is cooked with the other ingredients, but is removed
prior to consumption. Example of this are parsley, bay leaves, and thymes).
D. Flavoring Agents
1. herbs
2. flavor enhancers
3. oil extract
F. Clarifying Agent
SELF CHECK
Direction: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of
the correct answer. Write your answer in your test notebook.
1. What do you call the liquid in which meat, fish, and sometimes vegetables
have been cooked?
a. glaze c. stock
b. water d. sauce
2. Which of the following stocks use veal bone as its main ingredient?
REFERENCES
POULTRY STOCK
PROCEDURE:
1. Put all your ingredients into a pot and simmer to about two hours.
2. Periodically skim off the foam as it rises to the top of your pot.
3. When finished cooking, strain the broth and refrigerate for a few hours. Any
fat in the broth will congeal at the top and can be easily strained off.
4. Your stock is now ready for use or for the freezer.
INGREDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 1 large carrot chopped
stock pot 2 medium onions, chopped
gas or electric stove 6 sticks celery, chopped
ladle 4 pcs. bay leaves
knife 2 tsp. peppercorns
chopping board 3 liters water
mortar and pestle
strainer
PROCEDURE:
INGREDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole
stock pot 2kg meaty beef bones
gas or electric stove 2 bulb onions, chopped
ladle 2 sticks celery, chopped
knife 2 large carrots, chopped
chopping board 1 bouquet garni sachet con-training
mortar and pestle 1pc. bay leaf
strainer 1/8 tsp. thyme
1 tsp. peppercorns
3 pcs. parsley stem
1 cloves garlic
PROCEDURE:
CHICKEN STOCK
PROCEDURE:
INGREDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 2kg fish bones
stock pot 2 cloves onions, chopped
gas or electric stove 2 sticks celery, chopped
ladle 2 pcs. bay leaves
knife 3 liters water
chopping board
mortar and pestle
strainer
PROCEDURE:
PROCEDURE:
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
stockpot bones (veal or beef or chicken)
stove 5-6 kg. water (cold)
measuring cup 10-12 liters
measuring spoon Mirepoix
wooden spoon 500 g. onions chopped
refregirator 250 g. carrots chopped
strainer 250 g celery chopped
500 g tomatoes
1 pc. bayleaf
1 pc. dried thyme
1 pc. peppercorn
6-8 stems parsley
2 pcs. cloves
PROCEDURE:
1. Blanch the bone, place in the stock pot cover with cold water
bring to boil. Drain and rinse.
2. Place the bone on a stock pot and cover with cold water. Bring
to a boil and reduce heat to simmer, and skim the sum.
3. Add the mirepoix.
4. Simmer for the required length of time skimming the surface as
necessary.
5. Strain to several layers of cheese cloth.
6. Cool the stock and refrigerate.
SELF CHECK
Direction: Prepare a mis en place for the ingredients and utensils and perform
the following:
1. White stock
2. Brown stock
RESOURCES:
REFERENCES
LESSON 2
INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with the preparation and presentation of soup using
vegetable garnishes and accompaniments, including the culinary terms used for
different kinds of soup, and criteria for evaluation.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
broth – a fluid food made by boiling meat and vegetable in water
consommé – a clear soup made of meat and sometimes vegetables
boiled in water.
chowder – a soup usually of clams or fish stewed vegetables often in
milk.
bouillon – a clear soup from beef, chicken, and other meat.
béchamel sauce – a white sauce made of cream, butter, flour and
flavored with onion and seasoning.
Soup
Soups are gently simmered liquid with a major flavoring component from
meat, poultry, fish, shellfish and vegetables. It should also have herbs and spices to
enhance flavor and to reduce the use of salt.
Kinds of Soups:
1. Clear soups are clear, flavorful broths that are amber to brown in color.
They are very similar to stocks, except that broths are based on meats
rather than bones so they are richer and have a more defined flavor.
Broths can be used as a liquid in preparing broths. A good quality broth
should be clear, aromatic and rich-tasting with a very evident flavor of
the major ingredient. One strong and clear broth or stock is a consommé.
It is made by combining lean chopped meat, egg whites, mirepoix, herbs
and spices and an acidic ingredient like tomatoes, wine or lemon juice.
The combination is called “clarification” since the particles that make the
broth appear cloudy are trapped as it cooks. A good quality consommé
is crystal – clear, has a good body, amber to brown in color and completely
fat-free.
Bouillon – a clear soup from beef, chicken or other milk
Consommé – a clear soup made from chicken and veal and
sometimes boiled water.
Broth – made from vegetables and meat stock
2. Thick soup is a cream soup based on béchamel sauce and is finished with
a heavy cream. A béchamel sauce is milk thickened with roux. But some
thick soups are veloute sauce-based, stock thickened with roux. A
veloute sauce base is usually finished with a liaison of heavy cream egg
yolk. A thick soup should have a velvety smooth texture and the
thickness of heavy cream. It is always essential to strain out the solids
and at times to puree and put back in the soup. Cream soups may be
served hot or cold.
Another thick vegetable soup is the chowder made with broth, milk
or water as base, then thickened with roux. Cold, thick soups such as
2. Fruit Soup can be served hot or cold depending on the recipe where dried
fruits are used like raisins and prunes. Fruit soup may include milk, sweet
or savory dumplings, spices or alcoholic beverages like brandy and
champagne.
4. Asian soup is a traditional soup which is typical broth, clear soup, or starch
thickened soup.
D. Ingredients of soup
Meat (chicken, beef, pork, lamp, fish)
Salt
Pepper
Vegetables (carrots, string beans, turnips, tomatoes, mushrooms, celery,
leak)
Onion
Garlic
Water
Eggs
Cornstarch
Seasoning (MSG, convenience products)
Butter
Cream
SELF CHECK
Direction: Read the question carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your test booklet.
REFERENCES:
The Major Kitchen Culinary Arts Center; MANAGING A FOOD – SAFE KITCHEN
pp. 50 – 60
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole ½ cup chopped bacon
gas or electric stove ¾ kg potatoes
knife 3 cup water
chopping board 2 bulb onions, chopped
strainer 1 whole chicken bouillon cube
saucepot 2 cup hot water
measuring cup ¼ cup butter
measuring spoon ¼ tsp. pepper
wooden spoon 2tbsp. Gold Medal all-purpose flour
soup ladle ½ tsp. salt
1½ c all-purpose cream
PROCEDURE:
1. Cook bacon until crispy. Cool. Set aside, peel potatoes and cut into cubes,
place in a saucepot and add water and chopped onions. Bring to a boil and
cook until potatoes are tender. Remove potatoes and sere the broth.
2. Add chicken bouillon cube to the reserved potato broth to make potato chicken
broth and stir until dissolved. Add the hot water. Place cooked potatoes in
blender in 2 batches, adding ¾ cup of the potato-chicken broth with each
batch. Cover and blend for 1 minute or until smooth. Set aside.
3. Melt butter in a saucepan. Add flour, salt and pepper. Add cream all at once.
Cook stir until slightly thickened and bubbly. Cook 1 minute more. Stir until
heated through. If necessary, stir in additional milk to make the desired
consistency. Serve with sprinkled bacon bits.
CONSOMME A LA MADRILENE
PROCEDURE:
1. Combine the beef, bone and water in a stockpot and bring to a boil. Simmer
for 5 minutes and skim. Cover and simmer for 1 hour.
2. Add to the onion stock with cloves, the carrots, celery, leeks, salt peppercorns,
parsley, thyme, garlic and bay leaf. Cover and cook slowly for 4 – 5 hours.
3. Strain through a double thickness of cheesecloth and skim off fat. Use
absorbent paper towels, if necessary, to remove the remaining particles and
reserve the meat for another purpose.
4. To clarify the consommé, return it to the heat and add beaten egg whites and
eggshells.
5. Bring to a rolling boil and strain once more through 3 thickness of
cheesecloth.
6. Pour 6 cups of consommé into a saucepan and reserve the remainder for
another use.
7. Add the tomato puree, onion, and dried basil. Simmer for 20 minutes, remove
from the heat and strain through cheesecloth.
8. Serve hot.
PROCEDURE:
1. In a 2-quart soup pot, hear 6 cups of chicken broth to a simmer. Add the soy
sauce, sherry, pepper, and salt.
2. Beat the egg whites lightly. Drizzle into the chicken broth mixture
3. Mix the cornstarch with the remaining ½ cup chicken stock until lump free.
Add to the soup. Stir in the sesame oil garnish with scallions and serve hot.
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 22 grams butter
stockpot with cover 1 medium onion, chopped
gas or electric stove 3 strips bacon, chopped
knife 600 grams carrots, cubed
chopping board 1 pc small chicken cube
mortar and pestle ½ cup cream
strainer dash salt/ pepper
measuring cup
measuring spoon
wooden spoon
soup ladle
1. Melt butter in a large saucepan, add onion and bacon, stir constantly over
heat until onion is soft.
2. Add carrots to pan, then chicken stock and cube, bring to a boil, reduce heat,
cover, simmer for about 30 minutes or until carrots are tender. Remove
saucepan from heat.
3. Blend or process mixture in several batches until smooth.
4. Return mixture to pan, stir in cream, reheat, and stirring constantly without
boiling.
5. Season with salt and pepper. Serve hot
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole
stockpot with cover 200 grams butter
gas or electric stove 1 tsp. salt
knife 1 pc carrot
chopping board 1 pc onion, sliced
mortar and pestle 6 cup water
strainer 6 strips bacon strips
measuring cup ½ cup chopped onion
measuring spoon ½ cup cubed celery
wooden spoon ½ cup cube carrot
soup ladle 7 cup chicken stock
½ cup gold medal all-purpose
1 can flour
small corn kernels
PROCEDURE:
1. In a saucepan, put chicken breast, salt, carrot, onion, and water. Bring to a
boil. Cook for 20 minutes.
2. Strain out chicken stock. Set aside. Remove chicken breast. Slice meat into
cubes. Set aside.
To serve: Put soup in a bowl, top with chopped bacon. Serve while hot.
May be served with parley-garlic bread bacon at the side.
CLAM CHOWDER
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 3 cup clams (halaan )
stockpot with cover 4 tbsp. flour
gas or electric stove ½ cup milk (evaporated )
knife 1 ½ cup potatoes, diced
chopping board 1 tsp. salt
mortar and pestle ½ cup onion chopped
strainer ¼ tsp. ground peper
measuring cup ½ cup bacon, cut into small pieces
measuring spoon 1 cup clam broth
wooden spoon 4 tbsp. margarine or butter
soup ladle
PROCEDURE:
THICK SAUCE
PROCEDURE:
SELF CHECK
Direction: Plan a laboratory activity and evaluate your finished product, using
the given score sheet.
RESOURCES:
Tools and Equipments:
soup kettle with cover
cutting board
measuring spoon
soup ladle
bowl
knife
measuring cup
wooden spoon
stove
Ingredients of Soup:
thin soup
thick soup
REFERENCES:
INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with the classification of sauces, common culinary terms on
sauces, different thickening agents for sauces, bases for a variety of sauces and
common problems on sauces.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Varieties of hot and cold sauces are prepared from classical and
contemporary recipes based on the required menu items.
2. Derivations are made from basic sauces.
3. Variety of thickening agents and convenience products are used
appropriately.
4. Sauces are evaluated for flavor, color and consistency.
5. Problems are identified and solved in accordance with enterprise
policy.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
roux - a melted butter mixed with brown flour for thickening soup and
grains.
drippings - the juice that drips from roasting or baking meat or a sauce
made from it.
spice - an aromatic, pungent vegetable substance used to flavor food and
beverages.
seasoning - substance added to food that gives flavor and taste.
SAUCES
Kinds of Sauces:
A. Variation of Sauces
1. Hot Sauces – made just before they are to be used.
2. Cold sauces – cooked ahead of time, then cooled, covered and placed in the
refrigerator to chill.
2. Veloute sauce - Its chief ingredient is rich chicken broth, thickened with flour
and enriched with butter and seasoning and sometimes cream.
3. Hollandaise - It’s the three basic ingredients are butter, eggyolk and lemon
juice with seasoning for accent.
4. Savory butter- It’s the basic ingredient is butter which is creamed and blended
with some other ingredients such as lemon for lemon butter, pounded lobster
or shrimp for lobster and shrimp butter to give its individual flavor.
C. Thickening Agents
SELF- CHECK
The Major Kitchen Culinary Arts Center; MANAGING A FOOD – SAFE KITCHEN
pp. 50 -60
SUGGESTED RECIPE:
Sauces Blanches
(White Sauce)
PROCEDURE:
1. Stir together the vinegar and sugar in a small non-stick pot. Cook on high,
stirring constantly until all sugar has been dissolved.
2. In a small cup, mix the cornstarch with just a little water so that it is
dissolved.
3. Boil the sauce and then add the cornstarch and stir until thick.
4. Refrigerate and is ready to use in a stir-fry dish.
SELF- CHECK
2.Palatability
a. delicious _________ _________ ________
b. tastes just right _________ _________ ________
3.Nutritive Value
a. highly nutritious _________ _________ ________
II. Procedure:
1. Use of Resources:
a. working table is kept orderly
while preparing the _________ _________ ________
ingredients
b. used only the proper and _________ _________ ________
needed utensils and dishes
c. used time-saving techniques
and devices
_________ _________ ________
2. Cleanliness and Sanitation
a. well-groomed and properly
dressed for cooking, use of _________ _________ ________
clean apron, hair nets, hand
towel and pot holders
b. sanitary handling of food
3. Conservation of Nutrients _________ _________ ________
RESOURCES:
sauce pan
rotary beater
wooden spoon
bowl
measuring cups
measuring spoon
butter
flour
milk
salt
water
REFERENCES:
The Major Kitchen Culinary Arts Center; MANAGING A FOOD – SAFE KITCHEN
pp. 50 -60
LESSON 4
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals on the storing and reconstituting of stocks, soup, and sauces.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
The stock should never be put in the refrigerator while it is hot. The large
volume of hot liquid can raise the internal temperature of the refrigerator to the
point that the stock will cool sufficiently within two hours and may warm
everything else in the refrigerator. A good way to cool the stock is to place the hot
stock pot in a sink full of cold water and ice cubes until it is lukewarm but it
should not exceed one hour. After leaving it uncovered for the first half hour and
stirring occasionally to cool, it should be covered with an upside down plate to
prevent evaporation which would cause the stock to become too concentrated.
Refrigerated stock cools better in shallow pans. If covered, stock lasts up to five
days but it is best if used in two days.
Sauces and starches should be kept in airtight container and stored in a cool
dry place away from the moisture, oxygen, lights, and pests. Food made with
starches contains egg, milk, cream of other dairy products all of which make them
prone to bacterial contamination and to food-born illnesses. Sauces made with
these ingredients should be kept out of the temperature danger zone. Thickened
sauce should also be prepared, served, and stored with caution. These products
should be stored in the refrigerator and never left to stay for long at room
temperature.
Storing Equipments
1. Glass/Plastic Container
2. Stock pot
3. Refrigerator
1. Skim the surface and strain off the stock through a china cup lined with
several layers of cheesecloth.
2. Cool the stock as quickly as possible as follows:
Set the pot in a sink with blocks, rack or some other object under it.
This is called venting. This allows cold water to flow under the pot or
as around it.
Run cold water into the sink, but not higher than the level of the
stock.
Cooling stock quickly and properly is important. Improperly cool stock can
spoil in 6 to 8 hrs.
3. When cool, refrigerate the stock in covered containers. Stock will keep 2 to
3 days if properly refrigerated. Stock can also be frozen and will keep for
several months.
1. By adding water
2. By using other liquid like evaporating milk, coconut milk, and fruit juices
SELF- CHECK
1. Why should we avoid placing hot stock and soups in the refrigerator?
REFERENCES:
Module Introduction:
This module covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required in selecting,
preparing, cooking, and storing meat in a commercial kitchen or catering operation.
Expected Outcome:
PRE-TEST
Direction: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter with
the correct answer. Write your answer in your test note book.
2. Which of the following market forms of meat does not undergo chilling?
a. fresh meat
b. cured meat
c. frozen meat
d. processed meat
3. What part of the meat helps you identify the less tender cuts?
a. bone
b. fat
c. flesh
d. ligament
4. What part of the meat has the greatest amount of quality protein?
a. Bone
b. Fat
c. Flesh
d. Ligament
5. Which of the following meat cuts requires long and slow cooking
temperature?
a. less tender b. tender
b. slightly tough d. tough
LESSON 1
SELECTING MEAT
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the different classifications of meat, its market forms,
cuts and their characteristics, nutritive content and food values, the appropriate
trade names and culinary terms in accordance with standard meat cuts, handling,
and waste minimization of meat leftovers.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Primary, secondary and portioned cuts of pork, lamb, beef and veal
are selected as required for menu items.
2. Offal and fancy meats are selected as required for menus.
3. Leftovers are used to minimize waste.
4. Low cost cut meat products are selected when and where appropriate.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
slaughter – to butcher an animal for food.
wastage - loss by use
tender cut – part of meat that requires less period of cooking
tough cut – part of meat that requires longer period of cooking
vermin – small animals such as rats and mice which cause problems to
humans by carrying disease and damaging crops or food.
MEAT
Meat refers to animal parts that are used as food. Edible organs and glands
of animal meats include tongue, liver, kidney, sweetbread, heart, brain, lungs, tripe,
and small intestines. Meats should be loosely wrapped and stored under
refrigeration. They should be in a separate unit. Meats should always be placed on
trays to prevent drippings on the floor or on the food. The chef should separate the
different kinds of meat to prevent cross-contamination. Meats should be wrapped in
air-permeable paper such as butcher’s paper because air-tight containers promote
bacteria growth that could result in spoilage or contamination. Variety meats and
uncured pork products that have short shelf lives should be cooked as soon as
possible after they are received.
Meats that are stored at the proper temperature and under optimal conditions
will last without unnoticeable quality loss for several days.
Inspection of all meats is mandatory. After fresh meat has been inspected by
an authorized inspector or veterinarian and is declared wholesome and fit for human
consumption, it may already be classified into grades. Quality conformation and
finish of the carcass is the basis for grading. Quality includes tenderness, juiciness
and palatability. The shape, form or general outline of the side or the whole carcass
is the conformation. If there is a high meat to bone ration and a high percentage of
the tender cuts, it means a good conformation. Finish refers to the quality, amount,
and color of the fat within and around the muscle.
Market forms of meat are those cuts of meat that are ready for sale. Some
cuts are fully boned and trimmed before they are ready for sale. Meats can be sold
fresh, chilled, frozen, cured, and processed.
Pork, lamb, veal, and beef are almost structurally identical. Being four-legged
animals, they have the same number of bones mals, same number of bones with the
same shapes in the same plates.
1. Buy meat where proper hygiene and sanitation is observed by the handler.
For instance, check the meal stall’s cutting table. The table must be smooth,
free from crevices and kept clean at all times. See that dust and vermin are
kept away from the meat stalls.
2. Look for the inspected-and –passed stamped marks, especially in big cuts of
meat. It pays to go to your favorite suki in the market while the butcher is
still cutting the beef carcass into retail cuts. This will more or less help in
the identification of the carcass, whether its really cow’s meat or carabao’s
or horse’s.
3. Know the different meat cuts that are needed in your menu. Select meat for
specific use. For example, shank and brisket for stew. The tender portion
is the tender cuts that lie along the back. The less tender cuts are those
involved in the excessive movements of the animal such as the leg, shoulder
and neck. Remember that young animals are porous and red while white in
older animals.
4. Check if the beef is fine, bright red in color with yellow fat and free from slime
and off-odor. Avoid brightly off-colored meat as this indicates the use of
artificial coloring like achuete.
5. When buying ground meat of good quality, select from a big cut and have it
ground by the butcher in your presence. Don’t buy pre-grounded beef or
pork.
6. Buy refrigerated meat in places where refrigeration facilities are available.
7. Meat should not be wrapped in newspaper, use plastic bags or other vapor
resistant wrapping materials.
9. When storing meat to be frozen, package in convenient family size units and
identify properly as to the kind of meat cuts and date of purchase.
10. Store packages correctly in the refrigerator. Refrain from overloading the
freezer and provide space for the air to circulate inside the freezer.
11. Freeze quickly at zero or lower temperature. Beef should not be kept frozen
for more that 12 months, while pork should not over 6 months. Frozen meat
is just as good as fresh meat provided it is properly handled.
12. The use of pressure cooker, if available, shortens cooking time thereby saving
fuel and improves the tenderness of the meat.
1. Tender cuts of meat - taken from the parts of the animal where the
muscles are not well-exercised and are fleshy. Example: sirloin,
porterhouse, t-bone, prime ribs, tenderloin.
2. Less tender - meat cuts which come from the most exercised muscle parts
of a live animal. Example: chuck, flank, rumps, hock, neck feet and
shoulder.
3. Tough cuts –meat that requires a longer cooking period over low heat.
Lean meat supplies great amount of high quality protein with an average of
18% of the meat. It contains all the essential amino acids. It is also a good source of
phosphorous, iron, and vitamins A, B and B2. Unsaturated fatty acids are also
present in meat.
The amount of energy (calories) supplied by meat varies with the fat content
of animal species.
Handling of Meat
SELF- CHECK
2. List common meat dishes and indicate the meat cuts used for each of these.
4. What are the safety concerns that should be addressed when purchasing
and preparing meat dishes
Direction: Visit a public market and observe each type of meat. Using the chart,
write the correct indicator of each type of meat. (Group Activity)
RESOURCES:
Fresh pork
Fresh veal
REFERENCES:
De Leon, Sonia Y., Ph.D et al., BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINO, 1999,
PP. 231-253
LESSON 2
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the uses and characteristics of various knives for cutting
meat, preparation techniques of meat cutting, and use of appropriate marinade.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Suitable knives and equipment are selected and used prior to meat
preparation.
2. Meat cuts are prepared and portioned according to menu
requirements.
3. Suitable marinades are prepared and used appropriately for a variety
of meat cuts.
Knives are used for cutting, chopping, slicing. They are the most important
tools in the kitchen.
1. For Tender cuts of meat, sirloin, porterhouse, T-bone, tenderloin and prime rib
roast, the cooking method is dry heat method.
Roasting
Internal Temperature of Meat
Rare 140°F(60°C)
Medium155°F(70°C)
165°F(75°C)
This method uses the same cooking time for both boned and boneless roasts.
Roast at 150°C or 300°F.
2. Less tender cuts of meat. Chuck, flank, rump, hock, neck, leg, feet and shoulder
can be cooked through the dry heat method such as the following.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Answer the following:
REFERENCES:
SUGGESTED RECIPES:
SWEET MARINADE
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
knife 1 cup crushed pineapple
chopping board 1/3 cup soy sauce
measuring cup 1/3 cup honey
measuring spoon ¼ cup cider, vinegar
wooden spoon 2 cloves garlic, minced
mixing bowl 1 teaspoon ginger powder
¼ teaspoon powered cloves
PROCEDURE:
Mix all ingredients together and use immediately. The marinade can be
stored in airtight container for up to 7 days.
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole ½ cup soy sauce
gas or electric stove 4 tbsp. sugar
knife 2 stalk green onions, minced
chopping board 2 tbsp. grated fresh ginger
measuring cup 2 tbsp. sesame oil
measuring spoon ½ tsp. ground pepper
wooden spoon ¼ cup vinegar
2 tsp. sesame seeds, toasted and
5 large garlic cloves, minced fine
crushed to a paste
PROCEDURE:
Combine all ingredients with sugar in a jar with tight fitting lid. Shake well
before using. Best for marinating or for grilled Korean (bulgog).
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Below is the chart of beef cuts. Label each cut or part
correctly by using the beef chart
REFERENCES:
LESSON 3
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the preparation and cooking of meat for service,
carving using appropriate tools and techniques.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Appropriate cooking methods are identified and used for meat cuts.
2. A variety of primary, secondary and portioned meat cuts are cooked
and presented to standard recipe specifications.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Meat is cooked for various reasons. It improves the palatability, quality, increase
tenderness and for sanitary purposes. Cooking also enhance the flavor of foods and
the attractiveness of the original color, form, and texture; to destroy harmful
organism and substances to ensure that food is safe for human consumption; and
to improve digestibility.
SUGGESTED
ORGAN LOCAL NAME SOURCE RECIPES OF
COOKING METHOD
Tongue Dila Beef and Pork Pastel de Lengua pie
Tripe Tuwalya Beef Meudo, goto, callos
Librilyo Libro-libro or Beef Kilawin
tuwalya
Liver Atay Beef and pork Sarsa ng lechon
Braise, kilawin,
batchoy
Brain Utak Beef and pork Misua soup
Heart Puso Beef and pork Kilawin, batchoy
Lungs Baga Beef and pork Kilawin, bopis
Kidney Bato Beef and pork Batchoy, bopis
Blood Dugo Pork and beef Dinuguan
Ears Tenga Pork and beef Tokwa, kilawin
Skin Balat Pork and beef Sitsaron
COOKING RANGE OF MEAT DISHES
TOTAL MINUTES
CUT THICKNESS WEIGHT TO COOK AT
350°F
Beef
Club Steak 1-1½ inches 1-1¼ pounds 15-30¹
Porterhouse 1-1½ inches 2-2½ pounds 20-35¹
Steak 1-1½ inches 1½-2 pounds 20-30¹
T-bone Steak 1-2 inches 3-4¼ pounds 20-35¹
Sirloin Steak ¼ pounds 15-25¹
Ground Beef
Patties
Lamb
Chop 1-1½ inches 3-5 ounces 12–22
Ground Patty 4 ounces 18
Ham
Slice, ½ - 1inches 1-2 pouch 20-30
Untenderized ½ - 1 inches 1-2 pouch 10-20
Slice, Tenderized 3-5
Bacon 3-5
CARVING MEAT
Meat carving is the process and skill of cutting portions of meat, such
as roast and poultry, to obtain a maximum or satisfactory number of meat portions,
using a carving knife or meat-slicing machine. A meat carver disjoints the meat and
slices in uniform portions. Meat carving is sometimes considered a skill for the
private dinner table.
TOOLS IN CARVING
There are only few tools required for carving. A razon-sharped knife and a fork
are needed. The first platter should be large enough to hold the roast as well as the
carved meat and the second platter for the slicers.
TECHNIQUES IN CARVING
1. Select an appropriate meat cut. Choose larger cuts of meat such as roasts
since they are firmer, easier to carve, and loose fewer juices when cut. Meat
which has had some or all of the bones removed will generally be easier to
carve.
Carving
1. Anchor meat with a fork while carving. Try to avoid puncturing the roast
too many times as some of the meat juices will escape with each puncture.
2. Carve on a large plastic or wood carving board. If possible carve on a
board with a "well" or a "lip" to catch the meat juices
3. Carve with a thin bladed, sharp knife.
4. Carve uniform, attractive slices perpendicular to the grain of the
meat. Carving perpendicular to the meat grain may not be possible when
carving poultry. In general, meat slices should be 1/4 to 1/2 inch thick.
5. Finish carving then serve meat on hot plates.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Answer the following questions
REFERENCES:
Lewis, Dora S. et al.., FAMILY MEALS AND HOSPITALITY REVISED EDITION, 1955
BEEF CURRY
PROCEDURE:
1. Heat oil in skillet, over medium high heat. Brown beef cubes on all
sides, a few pieces at a time. Set aside in a bowl.
2. In same skillet, brown garlic in remaining oil, add to beef cubes in bowl.
Add onion and leave alone until they are brown and caramelized, about 3
– 5 minutes. Stir in ginger and curry powder until mixture is well
browned.
3. Return beef cubes to the pan. Add water, vinegar and cinnamon; simmer
covered, and cook until broth thickens, about 5 minutes. Taste and
complete the seasoning.
Preparation and cooking time: 60 minutes
PROCEDURE:
1. Trim fat and membranes from the tenderloin.
2. Mix together the onion, garlic, powdered chile, salt, oregano, cumin,
cinnamon, lime juice and oil.
3. Coat the meat with this mixture. Wrap and refrigerate several hours or
overnight.
4. Roast the garlic and tomatoes in an oven preheated to 450ºF (239ºC) for 10
minutes.
5. Remove the skin from tomatoes and garlic, place them in a blender.
6. Carefully cut open the chiles. Scrape out and discard the seeds. Chopped
the chiles.
7. Add the chiles, salt, and the sauce from the chiles to the blender. Blend to
make a coarse puree. Add more salt if needed.
8. Bake the sweet potatoes at 400ºF (200ºC) until soft. Cut in half and scoop
out the flesh. Pass through a food mill to puree. Season lightly.
9. Scrape the onions and garlic off the meat (they will burn if left on).
10. Grill the meat until just well done. Be careful not to overcook, or the meat
will be dry.
11. To serve, place 3oz (90g) sweet potato puree on the plate. Slice the meat
across the grain into medallions. Arrange 5oz (150g) meat on top of the
sweet potato. Drizzle with 1 ½ oz (45mL) tomato chipotle salsa.
BEEF STEW
1. Coat beef cubes thoroughly with flour. In a heavy saucepan heat the oil over
medium high heat, brown beef on all slides, a handful at a time. Set aside
2. Sauté garlic, onions, and tomatoes for 5 minutes until mushy. Return beef
to saucepan, add water and bay leaf, cover tightly, simmer 1 to 2 hours until
beef is tender, stirring occasionally. Add ½-1 cup more water as needed.
3. Add potatoes, carrots, celery, salt pepper and soy sauce, simmer for 30
minutes until potatoes are done. Taste and correct seasoning.
4. Thicken broth with 2 tbsp flour dissolved in 4 tbsp water. If necessary. Stir
the solution into broth until well blended for about 5-7 minutes
Cooking Tips: For stewing beef, coat the beef cubes lightly with flour before
cooking to increase the amount of browning and help thicken the broth.
Browning the beef cubes before adding liquid gives beef stew a rich color and
flavor. Brown beef in batches to avoid overcrowding the pan.
BEEF TAPA
(Fried Seasoned Beef)
PROCEDURE
1. Cut flank steak in half lengthwise, cut each half crosswise into thin
slices. Pound slices, between wax paper, with a small iron skillet until
very thin.
2. In a large bowl, combine remaining ingredients, except oil, add beef slices
and marinate, covered, in the refrigerator for at least one day or
overnight.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Prepare and cook meat dishes and rate your finished products
using the score card below. ( Group Activity)
SCORE CARD
EVALUATION OF FINISHED PRODUCT
1. Product
a. General Appearance: _____ _____
_____
attractive and appealing to appetite
pleasing and good color _____ _____ _____
ingredients cooked just right; _____ _____ _____
b. Palatability:
delicious taste _____ _____ _____
moderately delicious _____ _____ _____
c. Nutritive Value
highly nutritious _____ _____ _____
2. Procedure
a. Use of Resources:
used complete utensils _____ _____ _____
used only the proper ingredients _____ _____ _____
needed
b. Cleanliness and Sanitation
well-groomed and properly dressed _____ _____ _____
c. Conservation of Nutrients
preparation and cooking procedure _____ _____ _____
following the recipe correctly _____ _____ _____
Comments: _____________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
Lewis, Dora S. et al.., FAMILY MEALS AND HOSPITALITY REVISED EDITION, 1955
LESSON 4
STORING MEAT
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the proper storage and thawing of meat.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
perishable – food that gets easily spoiled or decayed
freeze – to preserve meat by refrigeration below freezing point
frozen – subject to long and serve cold, chilly or cold manner
thaw – to become liquid or soft due to the temperature rising
above freezing point
Fresh meat spoils quickly so it must be stored immediately. If the meat is going to be
used within a few days (2-4days) it must be kept in the chiller section of the
refrigerator. If you intend to keep it longer, store in the freezer.
Because meat is a highly perishable food item, extra care and attention are
needed to ensure that a high quality, wholesome product is served. Unwholesome
and spoiled meat are caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. This
contamination generally occurs during cutting and processing. These bacteria
require three conditions for growth.
The safety measures to be followed vary depending on the form or type of meat
product.
Fresh Meat. Keep fresh meat refrigerated at temperature of 38 degrees to 40F for as
much time possible. It is best to select fresh meat items last when shopping.
Store fresh meat in the coldest part of the refrigerator.
Use a thermometer to locate the best spot.
Leave the meat in its original wrapping if it is to be used within two days.
For a longer storage, rewrap the meat.
Cooked Meat. Cool cooked meat as rapidly as possible to minimize the time spent
in the “warm” temperature range which is optimum for bacterial growth. This can be
done by:
Providing plenty of air circulation around the meat.
Placing the meat in a pot, or boiling and immersing it in cold water.
All cooked meat should be used within a week of the initial preparation, or
properly wrapped and frozen for later use.
Cured Meat. Cured, smoked, and ready to eat meats include ham, bacon, smoked
pork and sausage products. The heating, smoking and processing of these items
inactivate most bacteria and enzymes. Leave these products in their original
wrapping to prevent further contamination. Do not freeze luncheon meat.
Canned Meat. Canned meats come in two varieties- those that require refrigeration,
such as hams, and those that do not, such as chili con carne, corned beef and dried
meats. The best rule to follow for storage is to read the can label carefully and follow
instructions. Most canned meat that do not require refrigeration have relatively long
shelf life. Canned meat should never be frozen.
Limit freezer storage time on all meats to maintain their optimum quality and
freshness. Freezing meat will not improve its quality, but it will retain its natural
color, flavor, texture and nutritional value.
The first step in successful freezing is choosing a high quality product. Freezer
storage will not improve the quality of meats so it is advisable to choose cuts that are
brightly colored, well-marbled and fresh.
Before wrapping, trim away excess fat and bone to make a smaller package
that is less likely to tear. Select a wrapping material that is air and moisture proof,
such as a freezer type paper, aluminum foil, and plastic wrap or airtight casserole
dishes. Wrap only the amount needed per meal to help cut down leftovers. Place wax
paper between chops, steaks and patties so they can be separated while still frozen.
Use an air and moisture proof wrapping material, such as freezer paper,
aluminum foil or plastic wrap.
Wrapping instructions
The last but most important step is to label all packages with the contents,
weight and/or number of serving and date. This will help in the use of a “First-in,
first-out” system.
Aging Meat
Wet Aging. Wet aging is done when the meat cuts are vacuum packed in
waterproof-plastic materials and boxed for distribution. The package barrier
prevents moisture and weight loss. The aging happens during the
transportation and/ storage of the packed chilled meat.
Hanging Method. The Method of hanging the carcass during aging and or
chilling has been found to affect tenderness as well. The common practice is
to hang carcass by the heel of the hind leg. A method develop in New Zealand
is that of hanging by the pelvic girdle, so the carcass looks like it is standing
in its natural way. It was found out that this method leads to more tender
meat apparently due to the fact that the muscle fibers stretches and thins out
making them more tender.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Answer the following questions in one half sheet of paper.
1. What is aging?
2. Why is aging applied to meat?
3. What are the two general methods of aging?
RESOURCES:
Raw Materials
Fresh pork
Fresh beef/ veal
Equipment
Freezer
Refrigerator
REFERENCES:
1. De Leon, Sonia Y., Ph. D. et al., Basic Foods For Filipino, 1999, 231-253
2. Sandoval, Maria Theresa G., Culinary Arts 1 and 2, 1992, 87-89
Module Introduction:
This module deals with the specialized skills, attitudes, and knowledge
required to select quality meats, to break down primary and secondary cuts into
portions, and to prepare a selection of meat products.
Expected Outcome
PRE-TEST
Direction: Answer the following questions. Write only the letter of the correct
answer.
10. The following are the characteristics of good quality pork, except
_____________.
a. breast is plump
b. flesh is pink
c. no foul odor
d. texture is fine and firm
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Purchasing of meat
Purchasing involves obtaining the necessary foods in the right quantity, and
quality, at the right time, the right place, and for the most economical price. A
quality-control program in food establishment should
ensure that only food which meet written specifications are purchased from
reputable vendors. The best purchaser considers price, supply, demand,
transportation and storage cost before placing an order. Food can easily become
contaminated during the various stages of the food flow from purchasing, storing,
preparation, holding, and serving. Time and correct temperature need to be
monitored closely.
The money paid for purchasing food items determine largely the costs that the
patrons have to pay. The quality of the food offered will depend upon the grades, type
and characteristics of the food item that is purchased. It is important that the ones
who buy food item and supplies has experience in the food business. He or she
should be knowledgeable on the basic cuts of meat. He or she must also be familiar
with the markets, crop conditions, and current trends.
Consumer Aids
A good shopper knows how to get better value for his or her money. There
are consumer aids available to help you shop wisely. These include advertising,
coupons, labels, unit pricing, and open dating.
Food labels. Labels could help you identify the food, inform you about the
form, nutritional content, additives if any, and dietary properties. The name and
Unit pricing. This is the cost per gram or item. This system helps you make
choices in terms of cost.
Open dating. This consumer aid helps the shopper judge the freshness of the
food. This refers to the date appearing on packaged foods, which can be easily read
and understood. Usually you find these dates on perishable products such as bread,
dairy foods, and refrigerated or ready-to –cook foods. Keep in mind that open dating
does not ensure freshness. Storage, handling, and temperature affect the quality of
the food.
Buying Meat
The most common fresh meat available in our markets are beef, pork, and
entrails. The entrails of a variety of meat include edible internal organs such as the
liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, tripe, intestines, and brain. These are usually
cheaper than other meats and can be cooked in many ways such as dinuguan,
bachoy, or callos.
Open market. Foods, particularly perishables are bought from one vendor to
another offering the lowest price. Open market purchasing may be done through
orders or by going directly to the market.
Contract buying. Perishable goods and staples like bread, flour, spices,
condiments, and grocery items purchased under this method provide quality and
consistent prices.
Food is sold in large and small grocery stores. Large shopping malls may
have a wide selection of food items you need.
Supermarkets. These operate on a self-service basis. They vary in size. Most
carry general merchandise ranging from drugs and beauty items to clothing.
Clubs and cooperatives. These associations are composed of neighborhood
residents who buy direct from wholesalers and, thereby, save money. This is an
economical way to buy food if well organized and run efficiently.
24-hour convenience stores. These are neighborhood self-service stores or
large supermarkets, open 24 hours a day for consumer convenience. Prices may be
slightly higher because of increased costs of staying open all day all night.
Specialty stores. These stores specialize in one type of food like dairy
stores, bakeries, meat shops, cheese stores, and ethnic food stores.
Delicatessens. These establishments sell ready–to-eat foods such as meat,
cheese, sausage, barbecues, and salads. Some may sell ethnic foods.
Wet markets. These are large markets selling products outdoors. There are
many different vendors, each with a separate counter or stall.
Roadside stands. These are stalls along the road selling products abundant
during harvest season only. Most products are picked fresh but are not refrigerated
so products may lose quality.
Pick-your-own. Some farms allow buyers to pick or harvest by themselves.
The strawberry farm in Baguio is an example of this.
SELF-CHECK
1. What are the aids to consumers that can help them shop wisely?
2. What are the ways to purchase meat? Which do you think is the best place to
buy quality meat? Explain
3. How can you tell if the meat is in good conditions?
4. Why is meat considered hazardous when not properly handled?
5. Why should pork be well cooked?
1. Prepare a market list of food items needed in the recipe. Classify your list
accordingly.
2. Do the marketing from your family. Record the cost of each item you bought.
Describe the quality of each.
RESOURCES:
REFERENCES:
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals on how to select, prepare, and produce a range of portioned
controlled meat.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
emince – trim away thin pieces
flank – the fleshy section of the side between the last rib and hip
cured - to preserve meat as by salting, smoking and aging.
CUTTING MEAT
The process requires skills. The meat cutter must know something about the
anatomy of animals and the methods of fabrication. The ability to identify the
characteristics of the muscles in the tissues between them, the shapes and type of
bones, the location and layer of fat will help the meat cutter perform his task. He
must also know the preparation methods for the various cuts of meat. Proper use of
tools and equipment and knowledge of safety and sanitation practices will protect
both the workers and the customers.
1. Slicers 6. Smokers
2. Knives 7. Pickling rate
3. Cleavers 8. Vacuum packer
1. Remove all excess fat that covers the edge of the loin to expose the tips of the
ribs bones.
2. Make smooth strokes along the bones to free the meat. Pull the meat away to
make it easy to see.
3. When all the meat is freed from one side of the bones, turn the loin over the
free meat from the other side. Here, the tenderloin is being gently cut from the
bones.
1. Work the tip of a knife under the silver skin. Hold the end of the silver skin
tight against the meat and glide the knife blade just underneath. Angle the
blade upward slightly so that only the silver skin is cut away.
2. Cutting Emince - slice meat into evenly shaped pieces that are approximately
two inches square. Use a sharp knife to trim away thin pieces, known as
emince.
1. Pull the flank away from the leg. Use a boning knife to cut through the tissue
and fat connecting the leg.
2. Turn the leg and probe with knife and fingers to locate the pelvic and knuckle
bones connecting joint. Cut down to the joint and then through the ligaments
to separate these bones.
3. Follow the meat’s natural seams and cut through the meat to the bones. Cut
and crape the meat away from all the bones as neatly as possible.
Portion Control
1. Submit the meat to a butcher’s test to determine the maximum portions that
could be sold.
2. Cuttings should be done in accordance with the standard portioning specified
in the menu.
3. Serve menu using standard portioning. Portion sizes will vary depending on
the type of restaurant and the price of the item.
How do you know which cut to buy? Meat cuts can be identified by the
shape of the bones. These bones are your clue as to which part of the animal the
meat comes from, how tender it is, and how it should be cooked. Tender cuts are
cooked with dry heat such as broiling, roasting, or grilling. Less tender cuts must
be cooked with moist heat such as stew (nilaga) or casseroles with sauces.
MECHANICS OF COSTING
(Example)
2. Raw Food Tests. Count measure, weight and yield per unit of specific food
items.
How many
Specification
Cost
SELF CHECK
Direction: Answer the following questions; write your answer on your test booklet
REFERENCES
http://www.filipinofoodrecipes.net/
MORCON
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
Measuring spoon 1k beef, sliced 1/4 inch thick (3 pcs.)
Measuring cup ¼k ground beef liver
Knife 200 grams sliced sausages or ham
Weighing scale 200 grams pork fat (cut is strips)
Pot or pressure cooker 3 pcs. hard boiled eggs, sliced
100 grams cheddar cheese in strips
100 grams grated cheddar cheese
2 onions, chopped
5 pcs. bay leaf (laurel)
½ tsp ground black pepper
½ cup vinegar
2 tsp. salt
2 cups water
2 meters thread or string (for tying)
Cooking Tips:
A spoon or two of flour can be added to water to thicken the sauce.
Instead of boiling in a pot, you can use a pressure cooker for faster
cooking.
Optional: Garnish with olives before serving.
SELF CHECK
1. boning meat
2. trimming , slicing meat
3. portioning meat cuts
4. recipe for preparing the morcon
A. From the table below, check if you have performed the following steps
in boning, trimming and cutting meat.
100%
RESOURCES
Learning Materials:
Scoring sheet, ballpen , hand-outs and reference
Supplies and Materials:
REFERENCES
http://www.filipinofoodrecipes.net/
LESSON 3
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the preparation and production of meat products. It
includes the selection of ingredients, filling, flavoring and marinades to enhance the
flavor of meat products, and using proper equipment and machineries based on the
manufacturer’s manual and enterprise.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
In the classical menu, the term entrée refers to the courses after the Grosse
piece. Basically, entrees are divided into cold entrees and hot entrees. Today,
however, the entrees are usually served as the main dish with suitable vegetable and
salad garnishes. Both hot and cold entrees are frequently described as simple dishes
on the menu, where they appear in various categories, such as hot snacks garnishes
for main dishes and specialties of the day. The main difference between main grosses
piece is that the entries are cut up before being cooked. They do not require the same
methods of preparation as the grosses pieces which are prepared in single large
pieces. It is, therefore, not possible to group the two types of dishes in the same
category.
1. Rare – when pressed with a finger, the meat is very soft with jelly like texture.
2. Medium Rare – when pressed with a finger, meat feels springy and resistant
3. Medium – When pressed with a finger, meat feels firm and there is a definite
resistance.
4. Well Done – when pressed with a finger the meat feels hard and rough.
Meat consists of water protein and fat, with a few minerals and some B
vitamins.
SELF CHECK
REFERENCES
1. Washing
Generally the only occasion in which you will have to wash meat is when it has
come into contact with blood during preparation. After washing, dry the food
thoroughly with absorbent kitchen paper.
2. Skinning
Most of the meat you dealt with has been already skin by the supplier.
3. Dicing
Meat are diced when it is cut into cubes for various types of casseroles, stems,
and curries, and dishes such as steak and kidney pie and pudding.
4. Trimming
Do this carefully:
a. Improve the appearance of the cut or joint
b. Leave as much of the meat intact as possible.
c. Leave an even thickness of fat (where fat is to be left). How much fat
you trim off will depend on the type of meat, preference, and the cooking
process to be used.
d. Remove as much gristles and sinews as possible.
6. Seasoning
It is the addition of salt and white or black pepper to improve the flavor of food.
a. Use white pepper or cayenne pepper on food which you want to keep
attractive with white color.
b. Add salt to roast and grill after the meat has browned – adding salt
before cooking will extract the juices of the meat to the surface, and so
slow down the browning reactions (which need high temperature and
dry heat).
7. Coating
The two basic coatings are:
a. Flour – coat the meat before cooking, otherwise the flour becomes sticky
and unpleasant.
b. Bread crumbs – coat the meat in flour, then egg wash (egg wash is made
of lightly beaten whole egg with a little water/milk) and finally with the
bread crumbs.
The color of fresh meat is principally due to myglobin and to a lesser extent
hemoglobin. Myoglobin is a red solution protein present in the muscle. All white
hemoglobin is the red protein in blood. The biological function of these two pigments
protein is to combine reversibly with oxygen to supply oxygen to the various body
activities of the animals while alive. During cookery or upon freezing for long periods,
they become brown. Pink may remain pink even upon cured. Curing is the process
of mixing meat with curing salt and sugar. This is true in the case of ham, bacon,
and tocino. Nitrate which is produced by oxidation of potassium nitrate reacts with
the myoglobin to form the nitrosomyoglobin which remains pink even after cooking.
Hence, cured meats are pink in color even after cooking.
1. curing salt
2. salt
3. sugar
4. nitrate
5. phosphate PT
6. anisado wine
1. Mechanical Methods – This involves pounding the meat using a device called
meat tenderizer or a plain pestle as is practiced in making Indonesian or
SELF CHECK
REFERENCES
Suggested Recipe:
LONGANISA
(Native)
TOOLS AND INGREDIENTS
EQUIPMENT QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
Measuring spoon 2 lbs. Lean pork meat (coarsely ground or
Measuring cup chopped)
Mixing bowl 1 lb. pork fat (diced, coarsely ground or chopped)
Wooden spoon cloves garlic (crushed and chopped finely)
Refrigerator 5 cloves ground bay leaf, chopped
Plastic wrapper 1/3 tsp. salitre (available in drugstores)
String ¼tsp. brown sugar
3tsp. soy sauce
¼ cup vinegar
1/3 cup salt
1½ tsp. black pepper (powdered)
1tsp. red pepper (optional)
1tsp.
PROCEDURE:
CORNED BEEF
(Meat Material - Beef, Carabeef, Chevon or Pork)
PROCEDURE:
SKINLESS LONGGANISA
PROCEDURE:
HAMBURGER
PROCEDURE:
1. Select good quality raw materials.
2. Grind meat.
3. Measure/ weigh all the ingredients.
4. Add salt and phosphate in ½ cup water to the meat.
5. Mix until tacky.
6. Add the rest of the ingredients, mix until well blended.
7. Form into patties (50g wt or ¼ cup per patty) or pack into desire weight.
8. Freeze in package
TOCINO
SELF CHECKED
1. Native Longanisa
2. Corned Beef
3. Skinless Longanisa
4. Hamburger
5. Tocino
2.Procedure
a. Use of resources:
Working tables are kept orderly while
preparing the ingredients; used only the
proper and needed utensils and dishes;
Use time saving techniques and devices
b. Cleanliness and Sanitation
Well groomed and properly dressed for
cooking
Sanitary handling of food
c. Conservation of Nutrients
Comments
RESOURCES:
Tools/Utensils
Butcher’s knife
Paring knife
Chopping board
Measuring cups and spoons
REFERENCES
LESSON 4
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals on how to store meat cuts and meat products to avoid food
spoilage, and contamination in foods.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Safe Storage - meat is among the most perishable foods. This perish ability makes
it a potentially hazardous food. At ambient temperatures, meat spoils so fast. It is
therefore necessary to keep it in chilled storage.
Storing - take time to store the food items. Store new purchases behind old ones
and always use the old stock first. It is easy to put new purchases at the front.
However, older stocks are overlooked and thus cause spoilage. These may include
cereal and cereal products, sweeteners, oils, seasonings, and unopened cans and
jars.
Do not use kitchen cabinets above the refrigerator, stove, or oven for food
storage.
Never use the area under the sink for storing food because openings around
water and drain pipes are impossible to seal. Pipes may leak and damage the food.
If you reuse glass jars, wash them thoroughly, wipe, and air-dry before using.
This helps remove any trace of odors that may remain.
If refrigerated foods are not properly wrapped, they will dry out and lose
nutrients and flavor. Food should be well covered with plastic, foil or wax
paper, or should be put in tightly covered containers. Garlic and sausages are
strong-flavored foods and should be wrapped tightly in plastic or foil and
2. Freezer storage. For proper freezing and storage, the temperature inside the
freezer should be 18ºC or lower.
Thaw frozen foods in the refrigerator. Do not allow food to thaw at room
temperature. At this point, microorganisms will begin to grow.
Bacteria are all around us, but they are so small that they cannot be
seen by the naked eye. There are hundreds of different kinds of bacteria. Some
harmless bacteria are useful and necessary such as those essential in
preparing cheese. Other bacteria are essential in agriculture and industry.
However, many types of bacteria are dangerous and cause diseases if allowed
to multiply and be transmitted to humans.
Food contaminated with bacteria can make people sick. Some of the
common illnesses are salmonellosis, perfringens poisoning, staphylococcal
poisoning, and botulism.
Bacteria enter food in two ways. Some are naturally present in food
when you buy it. Others get in because of careless handling when food is
prepared and served. Bacteria cannot travel by themselves; they are carried
about by people, animals, and insects as well as objects. Salmonella bacteria,
for instance, can be found in food such as raw meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy
products. From these foods, the bacteria contaminate other foods in the
kitchen.
Staphylococcus bacteria are found not only in raw meat but in food
handlers with poor personal hygiene. The bacteria from food handlers can be
transmitted to the food through sneezing and coughing.
REFERENCES:
Chavez, Lilia C., Basic Foods for FILIPINOS-4TH EDITION, MEAT SAFETY, 2006,
pp. 323-350
The following table lists the common food-borne diseases, their causes,
symptoms, and prevention.
1. Select food properly. Buy meat, fish, pork, fruits and vegetables from
reliable dealers.
2. Wash fresh fruits and vegetables well before eating them. Use a mild
detergent and rinse well. Take raw seafood only when one is sure the
source is not contaminated.
3. Wash hands with soap and water before handling food, especially after
visiting the toilet, handling dust pans, coming from the streets or even
using a handkerchief.
4. Do not store foods within the temperature danger zone (between 40ºF
and 140ºF or 4ºC and 60ºC). At this temperature range, bacteria grow
and reproduce best.
6. Products that have been thawed and refrozen must also be rejected.
These can be detected through the presence of the following conditions:
fluid or frozen liquid inside the cartons.
large ice crystals on the product
product misshaped or distorted
11. Make it a habit to use a tasting spoon for sampling food. Do not return
the spoon to the food after it has been to the mouth.
13. Freeze to retard microbial growth and enzyme action for a longer period.
Practically all kinds of food can be frozen. The most important thing to
consider is that the material to be frozen should be of good quality.
Vegetables must be blanched first to destroy the enzymes which are not
inactivated by freezing.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Discuss the following. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
REFERENCES
Chavez, Lilia C., Basic Foods for FILIPINOS-4TH EDITION, MEAT SAFETY, 2006,
pp. 323-350
C. Salting – Salt improves the keeping quality of meat. It removes the water from
the tissue of the meat and the cells of spoilage organisms that may be present
in the meat.
D. Curing – In this method, salt, sugar, potassium or sodium nitrate, and other
curing elements such as ascorbic acid, phosphate blend, and spices are used
to prolong the keeping quality of meat. Curing agents also help improve the
flavor and appearance of meat and retain its original color. Sugar minimizes
H. Freeze Drying – The process involves the removal of moisture from the meat
tissues by transforming the moisture content into ice and gas. The product
to be dried is first frozen and the ice is sublimed from the frozen mass,
removing 98% of the water content. The remaining moisture is further
reduced to 0.5% or lower by subjecting the product to high temperature as
possible without destroying it.
Good quality pork has less than 1 ¼ cm of golden brown fat that covers the
surface of the meat and a thoroughly cooked interior where meat has even pinkish
color. It has also a juicy and tender texture, a pleasing aroma and a tender seasoned
and pleasing taste with a slight hint of smoky flavor.
Sausages of good quality are uniform in size and length, each sausage in a
whole piece has no rupture of casing even when pricked. The interior has a pinkish
color when thoroughly cooked. A combination of juicy meat with spicy seasoning
marks their flavor.
Many processed items prepared for future use may be stored in the freezer.
These should be wrapped in plastic or foil to prevent the occurrence of freezer burn
and avoid having a pulpy texture that comes from loss of moisture. Each item should
be labeled with the name of the product, date of expiry, and quantity.
Suggested
Food Maximum Recommended Maximum Storage
Temperature (ºC)
Canned Products 21 12 months
Frozen Products
beef poultry -18 to -29 6–12 months, in original package
Fresh Pork
(not ground) -18 to 29 3-6 months, in original package
Sausage,
ground meat 18 to 29 1-3 months, in original package
Cold cuts, Sliced 3 to 4 3-5 days, in semi-moisture proof
paper
Cured bacon 3 to 4 1-4 weeks, tightly wrapped
Ham (tender
cured) 3 to 4 1-6 weeks, tightly wrapped
Ham (Canned) 3 to 4 6 weeks, in original container
(unopened)
Dried Beef 3 to 4 6 weeks, tightly wrapped
Most canned foods can be stored at room temperature in a cold place and hold
their eating quality for several months. They are safe to eat as long as there is no
bulge on the can. Below 24ºC is a good temperature for storage. Canned ham and
other perishable meats should be stored in the refrigerator unless storage
recommendations on the can state otherwise. These meats should not be frozen.
SELF CHECKED
Direction: (Group activity) the teacher divides the class into groups and asks
them to perform the following tasks:
Learning materials
- modules - writing materials
- references - hand-outs
Tools/utensils
- basin - cutting boards
- colander - plates
- mixing bowl - butcher’s knife
- kitchen spoon and fork - containers
- jars
REFERENCES:
HOME TECHNOLOGY-FOOD MANAGEMENT AND SERVICE,MEAT AND STORAGE
OF FOOD, pp. 62-113
Chavez, Lilia C., Basic Foods for FILIPINOS-4TH EDITION, MEAT SAFETY, 2006,
pp. 323-350
Module No.: 4 Module Title: Preparing and Cooking Poultry and Game
Nominal Duration: 50 hours
Module Introduction:
This module deals with the selection, preparation, cooking, presentation, and
storage of poultry and game in a commercial kitchen or catering operation.
Expected Outcome
PRE-TEST
Direction: Read each of the following questions carefully and choose the letter of
the correct answer. Write your answer in your test notebook.
3. Which of the following poultry has originated from China and is noted for its
tender and flavorful meat?
a. chicken c. itik
b. goose d. pecking duck
4. The young immature pigeon of either sex with extra tender meat is called___.
a. duck c. rooster
b. fryer d. squab
13. What cookery method is suitable for the less tender cuts?
a. boiling c. roasting
b. frying d. stewing
16. The following are the steps in preparing roast chicken. Which one is the first
step?
a. combine marinade ingredients and marinate the chicken in it for at
least an hour
b. drain chicken and place on rack for roasting
c. salt chicken inside and out
d. wash chicken and dry with paper towel
17. What factor affects the poultry meat’s tenderness and juiciness?
a. age c. cookery
b. sex d. chicken cuts
20. Reheating of cooked poultry will result to dry dish. What is the remedy for this?
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the different classifications of poultry and game
and the quality criteria in selecting poultry and game.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Poultry refers to several kinds of fowl that are used as food and the term
includes chicken, turkey, duck, pigeons, and quails. These are usually domesticated
Bird Uses
Chicken Meat, eggs
Duck Meat, eggs feathers
Turkey Meat
Goose Meat, feather, eggs
Quail Meat, eggs
Pigeon Meat
Guinea fowl Meat
Wild duck Meat, feather
Pheasant Meat
Chickens and other poultry may be divided into classes which are essentially
of the same physical characteristics associated with age, sex, live weight and/or
breed.
4. Stag. A stag is a male chicken, usually under 10 months of age, with coarse
skin, with somewhat toughened and darkened flesh.
5. Hen or Stewing chicken. Mature female chicken which is usually more than
10 months of age. It can also be a culled layer.
7. Jumbo Broiler. This is a large chicken about 4 kg. dressed weight which are
on sale especially during the Christmas holiday.
Other Poultry
1. Peking Duck. This is a breed of duck that originated from China and is noted
for its tender and flavorful meat.
2. Duck or Itik is available and popular in many towns of Rizal as fried itik.
3. Squab. This is a young immature pigeon of either sex and has extra tender
meat.
1. Live Poultry
a. has clear eyes
b. a young chicken has fine and soft feet. If it is old, the feet are thick and
scaly.
2. Whole Poultry. These are slaughtered birds that have been bled and
defeathered.
a. Their head, feet and viscera are still intact.
b. They should be clean, well fleshed.
c. They have a moderate fat coverings.
d. They are free from pinfeathers and show no cuts, scars or missing skin.
3. Dressed Poultry. These are slaughtered birds that have been bled, defeathered,
and the visceral organs are removed.
a. skin must be smooth and yellow in color
b. breast must be plump
c. thighs are well-developed
d. no objectionable odor
e. heavy and the skin is not watery
5. Poultry Parts. Several pieces of a single poultry part are usually packed in one
carton, wrapped and chilled or frozen. The various poultry parts are divided
into any of the following:
a. dark meat – drumsticks, thighs, wings, neck, backs, and rib cage
b. white meat – breasts
c. giblets – gizzard and heart
SELF- CHECK
A. Direction: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer in your test notebook.
B. Direction: Visit a public market. List down and observe the market forms of
poultry. Using the chart, check the correct indicator of each form.
2. Whole poultry
a. head, feet and viscera are intact
b. moderate fat covering
c. free from pin feathers
d. no cuts of the skin
e. clean and well-fleshed
RESOURCES:
REFERENCES:
Dora S. Lewis, et al, FAMILY MEALS AND HOSPITALITY Copyright 1955 240 – 253
Sonia Y. De Leon, Ph. D. et al, BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINOS Copyright 1999
pp. 258 – 268
LESSON 2
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the proper handling and storing of poultry and
game and the thawing of frozen poultry and game.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Poultry may be frozen whole, in halves, cut into pieces, or parts after
they are dressed. Parts can be packed separately, ready to cook, or for easy
meal preparation and thawing.
Refrigerator
Product Freezer ( 0oF)
(35-40oF)
Chicken and turkey (Whole) 1 – 2 days 12 months
Chicken (pieces) 1 – 2 days 9 months
Turkey ( pieces ) 1 – 2 days 6 months
Duck and Goose ( whole ) 1 – 2 days 6 months
Giblets 1 – 2 days 3 – 4 months
Wild duck, pheasant. Goose
( whole) 1 – 2 days 6 months
SELF- CHECK
RESOURCES:
Equipment
Refrigerator
Freezer
REFERENCE:
Sonia Y. De Leon, Ph. D. et al, BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINOS Copyright 1999
pp. 258 – 268
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the common culinary terms related to poultry and game,
appropriate cooking methods, (past and current trends in poultry and game dishes)
preparing, cooking, and presenting poultry and game.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
white meat- includes the white, fleshy part of the chicken such as the breast.
dark meat- the dark meat parts include the legs, drumstick, wings and neck.
entrails- the animals internal organs such as liver, heart and gizzard.
Poultry is cooked to improve its palatability and tenderness and to destroy any
bacteria or parasites present. Poultry should always be prepared properly and cooked
thoroughly.
Live poultry
Live poultry should be healthy, alert, and well-feathered. Avoid poultry which
have bruises, blisters and broken bones.
Whole poultry
Though not alive, the criteria for selecting live poultry also apply to whole
poultry.
Drawn poultry
These are dressed poultry that have been chilled or frozen. They are usually
available in groceries.
Ready-to cook
These are poultry parts such as wings, breast, thighs, or drumsticks which
have been separately packed in a single container and frozen or chilled.
1. The fat distribution and maturity of the fowl affect the quality of the product.
Mature birds are best cooked using moist heat. Dry heat is suitable for young
birds.
2. The best cooking temperature for poultry is at low to moderate heat. This
temperature range produces a more flavorful and tender product. This also
minimizes nutrient loss and shrinkage of meat.
3. To prevent the risk of microbial contamination, stuffing of turkey and chickens
should be done immediately before roasting. It is best not to fill the cavity
completely as this will prevent the poultry from being thoroughly cooked.
4. Because of its susceptibility to microbial growth, cooked poultry should be
eaten immediately or refrigerated if not consumed. Leftover stuffing should be
stored separately to prevent contamination.
5. Because poultry meat is pale-colored, it is best to employ dry heat cooking
with fat for a brown color.
6. When roasting chicken, cuts should be placed with the breast-side down to
produce a juicier and more tender product.
7. To improve the palatability of lean poultry meat, basting can be done.
POULTRY COOKERY
Poultry, like meat may be cooked by either dry or moist heat method. The
choice of method depends mainly upon the age of the bird instead of location of the
part in the carcass as in the case of meats. Fat content should also be taken into
consideration.
SELF- CHECK
REFERENCES:
SINAMPALUKANG MANOK
PROCEDURE:
TINOLANG MANOK
PROCEDURE:
1. In a medium sized saucepan, heat oil over medium heat. Sauté ginger, garlic
and onion for 1 minute.
2. Add chicken and sauté until chicken color slightly. Season with patis and salt.
3. Add water. Bring to a boil, lower heat and simmer for 30 minutes or until
chicken is tender.
4. Add papaya. Cook for 5 minutes or until papaya is tender.
5. Add sili leaves (or spinach); cover and remove from heat. Let stand for 5
minutes. Serve hot. Good for 5 to 6 persons.
Sauce
1 tbsp. cornstarch dissolved in 2 tbsps.
water leftover marinade
PROCEDURE:
1. Wash chicken thoroughly and dry with paper towel. Salt chicken inside and
out.
2. Combine marinade ingredients and marinate the chicken in it for at least an
hour. Preheat oven to 325oF.
3. Drain chicken and place on rack of roasting pan. Pour at least 1 cup of hot
water in the bottom of the roasting pan and roast chicken for an hour or until
done.
4. Transfer drippings to a saucepan. Add leftover marinade and bring to a boil.
5. Thicken with cornstarch dissolved in water. Reduce heat and continue stirring
until thick. Correct with seasoning.
6. Serve sauce with cut up chicken and garnish with parsley. Serve hot. Good
for 10 persons.
STEAMED CHICKEN
PROCEDURE:
1. Prepare chicken for roasting. Wipe dry and season inside and outside with
salt, vetsin and pepper.
2. Dust chicken with flour and fry in hot lard. Lay the chicken, back downwards
on a bed of celery and leeks in a steamer and steam until done. Then add the
giblets, liver and hearts to the chicken. Serve with gravy.
1. Heat butter in a saucepan and stir in flour. When brown, pour liquid from the
steamer, stirring constantly, adding a little water if it is too thick.
2. Add chopped giblets, liver and heart and cream of mushrooms.
3. Season with salt and pepper. Good for 8 persons.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Prepare the dressed chicken and cook the following recipe.
(Sinampalukang Manok, Steamed Chicken, and Roasted Chicken
Good Fair
Qualities Poor (1)
(5) (3)
A. Roast chicken
a. tender texture
b. juicy breast
c. beautifully - browned skin
d. rich, well – made gravy
e. delicious taste
B. Sinampalukang Manok
a. tender texture
b. attractive and appealing to appetite
c. pleasing and has a good color
combination
d. ingredients are cooked just right
e. delicious taste
RESOURCES:
Equipment
Freezer
Refrigerator
Tables
Table appointment
Gas range
Oven
Meat slicer
Meat grinder
Tools and utensils
Knives
Chopping/ cutting board
Mixing bowls
Braising pan
Frying pan
Stock pots
REFERENCES:
Module Introduction:
Expected Outcome
PRE-TEST
Direction: Read each of the following questions carefully and choose the letter
of the correct answer. Write your answer in your test notebook.
1. Based on the study, what is the cause of Iodine deficiency in the people in
the Mountain Province?
a. abundant supply of seafood are found in the local market
b. diet are deficient with iodine
c. they are mostly vegetarian
d. none of the above
2. Which of the following market forms of fish is best in making Fish Tempura
and Fish Fillet?
a. whole
b. Fillet
c. Prawn
d. Flaked
8. What do you call the fish meat separated from the whole fish?
a. dressed fish c. live fish
b. flaked d. steaks
9. What is the market form of fish where essential parts are removed or
eviscerated?
a. deboned c. fillet
b. dressed fish d. flaked
18. Which of the following shellfish have hard shells over the back of the body
and along the claws but hard softer shells covering on the lower part of the
body and legs?
a. bangus c. crabs
b. clams d. oysters
19. Which of the following types of a mollusk has only one shell?
a. bivales c. crustaceans
b. cephalopods d. univalves
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with the different types of selection and buying techniques
in handling, storing, and thawing of seafood.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
TYPES OF SEAFOOD
The term seafood includes any of the cold-blooded animals living in water
which are used as food by human beings. Seafood may come from either fresh or salt
water and may be classified as fish and shellfish.
2. Shellfish. Fish with shell. These are classified into crustaceans, mollusks and
cephalopods.
a. Crustaceans are shellfishes with hard shells over the back of the body and
along the claws but have softer shells covering the lower part of the body
and legs. Ex. Crabs, lobster and shrimps.
b. Mollusks. There are two types of mollusks: the univalves with only one
shell and bivalves with two shells. Example of univalve is: kuhol while
bivalves are clams (kabibi, tulya), oysters (talaba) and mussels (tahong).
1. Live Fish. There are fishes which can be marketed alive because they live long
after catch. Good examples of these are dalag, hito and tilapia.
2. Whole or round fish. Most fresh fish is distributed in local market fish stalls
as whole or round fish. Shortly after catch, fish is chilled in ice to prevent
spoilage.
3. Drawn fish. This is a whole fish with the entrails removed. Preparation for
cooking involves scaling and cutting as needed. Most fish in modern
supermarkets are available in this form.
4. Dressed fish. Dressed fish has been scaled and eviscerated. Often the head,
tail and fins are also removed.
5. Fillets. These are two meaty sides of the fish cut from the backbone. The skin
may not be removed. A fillet cut from side of the fish is called a single fillet. A
butterfly fillet consists of two single fillets held together by uncut flesh and
skin in the belly portion of the fish.
6. Deboned. This is the form most convenient in the case of bangus. The deboned
bangus is sold frozen often times marinated and ready-to- cook.
7. Steaks. These are cross section slices of dressed large fishes. A portion of the
backbone is usually the only in a fish steak. Steaks which are half to two
thirds of an inch thick are usually best. Steaks cut away from visceral cavity
are solid slices and are preferred by discriminating of consumers.
8. Sticks. These are fillets or steaks cut further into smaller uniform pieces like
sticks. They are usually breaded and frozen.
9. Flaked. Fish meat separated from the whole fish is called flaked fish. Labahita
is commonly made into flaked fish.
1. Live. Crabs, clams, mussels, oysters, snails and lobsters should be alive if
purchased in the shell except for boiled crabs and lobsters. Ideally, shrimps
should also be marketed alive.
3. Shucked. These are bivalves or mollusks which have been removed from the
shell. Oysters, clams and scallops may be sold in this form; Fresh shucked
oysters have a translucent appearance. They become opaque with standing.
5. Cooked Shellfish. Shrimps, crabs and lobsters may be cooked in the shell
prior to marketing.
6. Cooked Meat. The meat of shrimps, crabs and lobsters can be marketed
cooked, usually in cans.
SELF- CHECK
REFERENCES:
Dora S. Lewis et. Al, FAMILY MEALS AND HOSPITALITY pp. 254 – 266
Sonia Y. De Leon, Ph. D., et. Al, BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINO pp.211 – 22
The method of handling and transport of fish as practiced may not always be
for keeping the fish at optimum quality. But while both fisherman and trader are
aware of this, cost considerations always prevail. Bigger fish operators, however,
make sure that proper holding temperature of not more than 4C can be achieved
with adequate icing and true insulated fish boxes.
Refrigerator (35-
Product Freezer ( 0o )
40F)
Fresh water fish, cleaned 3 – 5 days 6 – 9 months
Fillets 2 – 3 days 4 – 6 months
Steaks 3 – 5 days 2 months
Cooked fish 3 – 4 days 1 month
Smoked fish 1 – 2 weeks 4 – 5 weeks
Canned fish 1 day NR
Clams, oyster (shucked) 7 – 9 days 3 – 4 months
Crabs 7 days 2 months
Shrimps 3 – 5 days 6 – 12 months
SELF- CHECK
Visit a fish market. Identify as many fishes and shellfishes as you can you.
Report to the class the number you have identified and submit a list. List down the
kind of seafood that are available in your locality and compare this list with the
seafood found in the market.
RESOURCES:
Equipment
Refrigerator
Freezer
Tools
Plastic wrapper
Knives
Supplies and Materials
Fresh fish
Shellfish
REFERENCES:
Dora S. Lewis et. Al, FAMILY MEALS AND HOSPITALITY pp. 254 – 266
Sonia Y. De Leon, Ph. D., et. Al, BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINO pp.211 – 22
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the preparation and cooking of fish and shellfish in
accordance with enterprise standards.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
slip - to cause to move smoothly and easily, cause to slide
blunt - having a thick edge, not sharp
wok - cooking pan, as of iron, aluminum with handle and a rounded bottom
porridge - a broth or stew of vegetables
Fish and shellfish are cleaned properly before cooking. Fish is generally
cooked for consumptions but some fish delicacies are raw. Raw fish has a translucent
flesh. During cookery, this becomes opaque and the muscles are easily flaked. These
are indications of doneness by moist and dry methods.
The homemaker usually buys fish cleaned and dressed from the market.
Cleaning fish
1. First, wear a pair of canvas gloves, if available. If not, dip your hands in salt
before you handle the fish so that it will not slip and slide. Place the fish on
the table and hold it firmly by the head with one hand. With the other hand,
scrape the scales with a blunt knife working from tail to head. This can be
done easily if the fish is soaked in cold water.
Shellfish, like mussels, is soaked in water with salt to remove the sand inside
the organism. This is done in a short time only.
Fish requires less cooking time because it has no connective tissues. The fish
is cooked when it flakes easily and the eyeballs come out. When done, fish should be
chalk-white in color.
Shellfish like shrimps, crabs, lobsters and clams require only short cooking
time. Cooking should be done in the shortest time to avoid loss of moisture, flavor
and nutritive value. Shellfish cooked in many different ways, depending upon the
kind to be cooked.
1. Shrimp. Shrimp is usually boiled either with the shell or already shucked.
Bring to a boil at enough water to cover the shrimp. Season as desired. Cook
shrimp. It may be iced and served as a cocktail.
2. Lobster and Crab. They are boiled the same way as shrimp. Enough water
must be used to completely cover the shellfish. When the water boils, drop the
live lobster or crab with its head first. Simmer for 12-15 minutes. Do not
overcook.
Lobster is served in many ways, it is served just as it comes from the
boiling water, with a little melted butter and lemon on the side.
Crab may be served whole, or the meat may be removed and mixed
with sauce for crab bisque. Crab cakes fried in deep fat are also popular.
Methods of Cooking
Dry Heat Method. This includes broiling, baking, frying, and toasting. In dry heat
cookery of fish, it is important to avoid overcooking, otherwise the fish would
be dry and less acceptable.
Moist Heat Method. Moist heat cookery of fish involves water. Some examples of this
type of cookery are paksiw, sinigang and pesa. It is very important that the
fish is not overcooked otherwise it loses its shape and also its eye appeal.
a) “Paksiw” na isda is cooking fish in vinegar, some water, sliced ginger, salt,
pepper and other spices. It is actually a form of pickling. It is served after
the vinegar has penetrated the fish for sometime. Due to its acidic nature,
it does not spoil easily.
b) “Sinigang na isda” is cooking fish in considerable amount of water, some
vegetables and an acidifying agent such as unripe tamarind. Kangkong is
commonly used as vegetable for this recipe. The liquid portion is large
enough to serve as soup out of it.
c) “Pesa” is usually a dalag cooked in rice washing, ginger and considerable
amount of water to make a thin porridge. Vegetable and onion are also
added.
d) Steaming is another moist heat method of cookery appropriate for cooking
large fishes such as lapu-lapu and apahap. Plain water may be used for
steaming but the fish will acquire better flavor if herbs and vegetables are
added to the water to make an aromatic broth.
Some local fish recipes involve both frying and moist cookery. Examples
are sarciado, escabeche, dalag in pinakbet, bangus in tausi, relleno and quekiam.
As a rule, fat fish tastes better when cooked by dry heat method.
SELF-CHECK
Direction: Read the following questions correctly and choose the letter of
the correct answer. Write your answer in your test notebook.
4. The fish is cooked in small amount of water, vinegar, salt, sliced ginger,
pepper and other spices. This moist heat method is ______.
a. paksiw c. sinigang na isda
b. pesa d. steaming
REFERENCES
SONIA Y. De Leon, Ph. D., MBM, et al, BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINOS Copyright
1999, pp. 211 – 229
BAKED FISH
Procedure:
1. Rub fish inside and out with lemon slices. Sprinkle with salt. Let stand for
about 30 minutes.
2. Combine tomato, onions, green onion, pepper, and salt.
Procedure:
Spices (ground)
8 pcs. red chilies
1/2 teaspoon fresh ginger, chopped
4 cloves garlic
8 pcs. shallots
1/2 teaspoon shrimp paste
PROCEDURE:
Thoroughly wash the squid and remove the membrane. Discard the head, ink bag
and transparent white spine. Cut out the eyes and discard. Rinse and drain. Rub
the squid with lime juice and salt. Set aside to stand for 20 minutes. Heat a wok
with oil and sauté the spices until fragrant. Add the chilies and squid. Continue to
stir until the spices are absorbed. Add the stock and cook until the gravy has
thickened. Add basil leaves, reduce heat and continue cooking. When ready to
serve, garnish with fried shallots.
TAHONG AFRITADA
PROCEDURE:
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Prepare the ingredients, tools and equipment. Perform the following:
1. Baked Fish
2. Fish Escabeche Macao
3. Stuffed Squid
4. Tahong Afritada
RESOURCES:
Equipment
Freezer
Refrigerator
Gas Range
Oven
Tools and utensils
Basin
Casserole
Frying pan
Bowls
Ladle
Knife
Chopping board
Supplies and Materials
Fresh fish
Fresh shellfish
Spices
Fresh vegetables
REFERENCES:
SONIA Y. De Leon, Ph. D., MBM, et al, BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINOS Copyright
1999, pp. 211 – 229
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the proper presentation and serving fish using
garnishing techniques according to recipe and enterprise standard.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Fish and seafood are prepared, presented and served considering the
following criteria:
Palatability
Visual appearance
Harmony of ingredients
Comparative sizes between dishes and garnish
Quality and taste
2. Suitable sauces and dips are prepared according to recipes and
enterprise standards.
3. Presentation and garnishing techniques are selected and used
according to recipes and enterprise standards.
4. Services are carried out according to enterprise methods and
standards.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Good garnishes are: beets, carrots (sticks, curls, or shredded), celery, sliced
cucumbers, green pepper rings, hard-cooked eggs, parsley, lemon, lettuce, paprika,
pickles and watercress.
Garnishes and sauces add to the appearance, color, and flavor of fish and
shellfish. Seafood seems to use a special accent.
Sauces that are especially well suited are: butter, Hollandaise, tomato, chili,
lemon and butter, mayonnaise, egg and olive.
Green salads are a “must” for fish. Tossed salads, coleslaw, cucumber salads,
tomato combinations, assorted raw vegetables, grated carrots, onion and orange
salad are especially good if served with a tart dressing.
Lobsters are presented and served in many ways. They are served just as they
come from the boiling water, with a little melted butter and lemon on the side.
Crabs may be served whole, or the meat may be removed and mixed with
sauce for crab bisque. Crab cakes fried in deep fat are also popular.
INGREDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 1½ pounds fillets pinch salt
gas or electric stove 4 tbsp. butter
knife parsley or water cuss
chopping board lemon
measuring cup sauce
measuring spoon pepper
wooden spoon
PROCEDURE:
SELF- CHECK
RESOURCES:
Equipment
Gas range
Table appointments
Tools and Utensils
Knife
Serving plates/trays
Casseroles
Supplies and Materials
Ingredients for the recipe
REFERENCES:
www.shutterstock.com
Module Introduction:
The module covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required in preparing
various vegetables, fruits, egg, and starch dishes in a commercial kitchen or catering
operation.
Expected Outcome
PRE-TEST
Direction: Read each of the following items carefully and choose the letter of
the correct answer. Write your answer in your test booklet.
3. Why do camote tops turn brownish green when added to fish or pork sinigang?
a. it is an indication that the vegetable is overcooked.
b. it is a normal reaction of the chlorophyll with the acetic acid in vinegar.
c. the compounds in vegetables react with the medium where it is cooked.
d. the brownish green color indicates that the chlorophyll content is
enhanced.
4. Cabbage develops strong flavors when cooked because of the sulfur compounds
that give it a unique characteristics. To avoid this, you should
a. add fats to the recipe
b. not overcook the vegetable
c. lengthen the cooking time of the food.
d. use plenty of water in cooking the vegetable.
5. What must be done to inactivate the enzyme and avoid browning of fruits like
santol after paring?
a. soak in water with alum.
8. How can you facilitate ease in removing the shell of hard boiled eggs?
a. dip in cold water.
b. immerse in vinegar.
c. coat the shell with some cake flour.
d. put inside the refrigerator for 3 minutes.
10. In food storage, FIFO rule or the first in, first out rule means to
a. use the oldest products first.
b. consume first the most expensive products.
c. use the most recently purchased supplies first.
d. consume the products stored at the innermost part of the cabinet.
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the classification of plant parts in market forms. It
includes the different terms related to the preparation of fruits and vegetables.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. vegetables – the edible parts of plant including the leaves, tubers, bulbs,
stems and stalks, shoots, roots and flowers.
2. preserve - to keep safe, free from spoilage
3. frozen - process to prolong shelf life, covered with ice to prevent spoilage
and the growth of micro organism temperature of 0oF (8oC) or below.
4. appetizers - a portion of food or drinks served before the main course
5. braise - to cook slowly in covered utensils in a small amount of liquid
6. broil - to cook directly over a live coal
7. garnish - to decorate dishes with pieces of colorful and contrasting food,
using fruits and vegetables
Information Sheet 1.1
Among the most versatile of nature’s many food substances are the fruits
and vegetable. They can be eaten cooked or raw; in their native state or in a
completely changed appearance; by themselves or in combination with other
food items. Almost any way, shape, or fashion of preparation or serving is
possible and appropriate for these food items.
Fruits and vegetables give color, flavor and texture to our meals. In addition,
fruits and vegetables are important sources of vitamins and minerals needed for
growth and normal physiologic functioning of the body. The diverse and interesting
flavors of fruits and vegetables make our meals more appetizing.
CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES
1. Roots are underground parts of the plant. Example: cassava, sweet potato,
taro, radish, yam beans, togue and ube.
2. Tubers are short thickened, fleshy parts of an underground stem like potato.
3. Bulbs are underground buds that send down roots and are made up of very
short stems covered with layers. Example : garlic, onion, leeks, chives and
shallots
4. Seeds are parts from which a new plant will grow. Example mungbean,
garbanzos, cow pea, kidney bean, soy bean, white bean.
5. Stem and shoots are stalks supporting leaves, flowers, and fruits
6. Leaves include alugbati, ampalaya leaves camote tops, kangkong, celery,
spinach, cabbage, mustard, petchay, pepper leaves.
1. Minerals
2. Vitamins
3. Other carbohydrates
1. Toughness
2. Stringiness
3. Slicing quality
4. Crispness
a. Sugar
b. Acids
c. Sulfur compound
d. Tannins
e. Some volatile constituents
1. The best vegetables to serve are those that have fresh garden look
and taste
2. Cook vegetables whole or in big pieces, Use a little amount of water
unless it is soup or sauce, and cover the pot while cooking.
3. Cook legumes like monggo, garbanzos, and sweet peas, initially in
high heat. When the water is already boiling, lower the heat to simmering
point.
4. You may combine legumes with meat and other vegetables or they
may be cooked in a syrup and served as dessert.
5. Vegetables that are eaten raw, like lettuce and tomatoes, should be
well washed even though they do not look dirty.
Minimize the starchy taste that is commonly present in root crops, such as
ube, sweet potatoes, togue, potatoes and many others like cereals.
Cook these until the starch and carbohydrates present are cooked.
When cooked, the shape and size vary; rice for instance, when cooked
becomes swollen, soft and opaque. Don’t overcook cereals so it will not
become mushy, watery or soggy.
High quality fresh fruits and vegetables are firm and heavy for their size but
must be matured to a stage where ripening is assured. The color of high quality of
fruits and vegetables is bright and the skin is unmarked and without blemishes.
FRUITS
These are the fleshy, juicy seed containing part of the plant usually taken as
dessert at the end of the meal or as an ingredient.
1. Fresh
2. Canned
3. Frozen
4. Dried
1. Baking
2. Broiling
3. Sautéing
4. Stewing
Uses of fruits
SELF- CHECK
Leticia Navarro, Josephine De Guzman, Eden Diaz, HOME MAKING FOR YOU,
FOOD AND NUTRITION II, pp. 45
CHOPSUEY
PROCEDURE:
Sauté garlic until brown adds onions. When half-cooked stir in pork, giblets,
liver, chicken and shrimps, sauté for 2 minutes and pour in fish sauce. Boil then
season with salt and MSG; add all of the vegetables. Cook until half done. Thicken
with dissolved cornstarch. Do not over cook vegetables. Serve hot.
GUYABANO JUICE
PROCEDURE:
PAPAYA ALE
1. Strain the mashed papaya. Add the sugar, calamansi and water.
2. Mix well and chill.
3. Serve cold.
PROCEDURE:
1. Bring water to the boil in a saucepan and, when boiling, add the vegetables. Cook
for about 5-8 minutes.
2. Transfer to ice cold water. Drain and leave to dry.
3. Melt the butter in a saucepan and add the vegetables. Heat slowly, tossing or
stirring occasionally, until heated through. Add salt and pepper to taste and stir in
the parsley. Serve immediately.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Prepare the utensils/ equipment, ingredients, and perform the
recipe following the standard procedure. Evaluate the finished product using
the checklist below.
Numerical Value:
9- Very good
6- Fair
3- Poor
RESOURCES:
RESOURCES:
Equipment
Gas range
Table appointments
Tools and Utensils
Knife
Serving plates/trays
Casseroles
Supplies and Materials
Ingredients for the recipe
REFERENCES:
Leticia Navarro, Josephine De Guzman, Eden Diaz, HOME MAKING FOR YOU,
FOOD AND NUTRITION II, pp. 45
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the preparation of the varieties of starch-rich food,
and the different sauces and accompaniments appropriate to starch-based dishes.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Starch – nutrient carbohydrates found notably in corn, potatoes, wheat
and rice, and is commonly prepared as a whole tasteless powder.
Viscosity –measures the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by
tensile stress.
Gel – jelly-like mixture formed when the particles of a colloidal become
relatively large.
Gelatinization – a point when jelly is form.
Amorphous – lacking definite organization or form.
Starch exists in nature as the main component of cereals and tubers. It plays
an important role in achieving the desired viscosity in manufactured and processed
foods like corn starch pudding, sauces, pie filling and gravies. Starch is the source
of up to 80% of calories worldwide.
Starchy foods
rice
corn
cassava
wheat
potato
1. corn
2. potato
3. tapioca (cassava)
Classification of Starch
1. Native Starch refers to the starches as originally derived from its plant source.
2. Modified Starches are those with structures altered by treatment with physical
or chemical agents.
2. Viscosity. When the newly gelatinized starch is stirred, more swollen granules
break and more starch molecules spill causing increase in viscosity or thickness.
This increase in viscosity is a characteristic of gelatinized starches.
1. honey
2. molasses
3. panutsa or granulated sugar
4. Endpoint Temperature
Each type of starch has a specific endpoint temperature at which it will
undergo optimum gelatinization.
Incompletely gelatinized starch will not attain optimum starch paste
viscosity or gel strength.
Over gelatinization results in decreased starch paste viscosity and gel
strength because the swollen granules fragmented with stirring and/or
imploded due to the extensive loss of amylase from the granule.
Modified Starches – are starches that have been altered physically or chemically to
modify on or more of its key chemical and/or physical property.
Flavor carriers – its ability to trap oils and fats, which absorb flavoring substances
more efficiently.
Starches – are added to processed meats (luncheon meats, hot dogs, sausages, etc.)
as a filler, binder, moisture, retainer, and fat substitute.
Nutrients contain:
Water
Protein
Fat
Carbon
Calcium
Phosphorous
Iron
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
SELF- CHECK
REFERENCES:
FETTUCCINE ALFREDO
PROCEDURE:
SELF- CHECK
Direction Assemble and prepare your materials/ cooking outfit and ingredients
needed to prepare Fettuccine Alfredo.
Evaluate your work properly by marking the appropriate column that will best
describe your output.
RESOURCES:
Equipment
Gas range
Table appointments
Tools and Utensils
Knife
Serving plates/trays
Casseroles
Supplies and Materials
Ingredients for the recipe
REFERENCES:
www.google
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the preparation and cooking egg-based dishes on the
standard recipes and the use of different methods in preparing eggs as food,
garnishes and as ingredients.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
DEFINITION OF TERMS
boiling – cooking in liquid at a temperature of 200°F.
poaching – cooking in an open pan at simmering points with
sufficient seasoned liquid to cover.
frying – the process of cooking food in hot fat or oil.
scramble – to cook egg while stirring together white and yolk
baked (shirred) – cooking in the oven by dry heat.
bind – to fasten or encircle
setting –putting in a particular place or position
coating – covering food which is to be fried with flour, eggs or bread
crumbs
enrich – improve quality, productivity, decoration or nutritive value.
emulsify – to disperse uniformly
glaze – to cover with a smooth surface or coating
clarify– to make clean, trim impurities
garnishing – is a way of decorating food by the addition of other
items.
thicken– to make food creamy, or viscous.
EGGS
I. Grading
a. Marketing
sorting
characteristics – quality and weight
b. Grading according to
egg shell color
characteristics – quality and weight
quality – grouping and sorting
1. Egg cooked in the shell – a good cooked egg is tender. The yolk is well centered,
completely coagulated and has no yolk darkening. It is easy to peel.
4. Scrambled eggs are prepared by whipping the whole egg out of the shell and then
pan frying just like fried egg.
As thickening agent (like in custard)
Leche flan
Pudding
Masapan
FUNCTIONS OF EGGS
a. food color
b. leavening agent
Preparation:
slightly beaten egg white
shift foam
stiff egg
STORAGE OF EGGS
3. Pickling whereby hard cooked eggs are placed in glass jars and garnished with
green and red pepper, pickling solution consists of vinegar, refined sugar, salt
and juices.
4. Oil coating involves clogging the egg shell pores by submerging the eggs in
mineral oil to prevent moisture loss during storage.
1. Overcooking toughens eggs. Cook them under low to medium heat. But if you
want sunny-side-ups that are curved up at the edges drop them into boiling
hot oil.
2. “Balut” and ordinary chicken eggs have the same nutrient. Although balut has
more vitamin A and calcium. Open your “balut” at the rounded end and get
its full sumptuous taste by putting it whole in the mouth.
3. Eggs are easy to digest and so may be eaten even by infants, some babies,
though, may have an allergy, so don’t give them eggs too early.
4. Dip hard boiled eggs immediately in cold water to peel the shell easily. This
also prevents a dark ring from forming around the yolk.
5. People with hypertension should limit or avoid the yolk where the fat is.
SELF- CHECK
REFERENCES:
S.Y. De leon, Ph. D. M.P. Guzman, L.L. Chavez, V.S. Claudio, BASIC
FOOD FOR PHILIPPINES, 3rd Edition, Copyright 1990, pp. 275-295
L.S. Maravic, J.D. Icasiano, J.G. De Guzman, HOMEMAKING FOR YOU AND ME,
FOOD AND NUTRITION II, pp. 45
PROCEDURE:
1. Scald the milk in a double boiler for 15 minutes. Beat egg yolks.
2. Add the sugar, milk and flavoring. Pour into mold lined with caramelized
baine-marie sugar.
3. Place this in a bigger pan half-filled with water.
4. Steam or bake for about 1 hour or until mixture becomes firm.
5. Cool before removing from the molder.Serve.
INGREDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 6pcs cooked eggs, shelled, halves
gas or electric stove ½ cup canned tuna fish, drained and flaked
knife ½ cup finely chopped celery
chopping board 1tbsp. chopped green pepper
measuring cup 2tbsp. mayonnaise
measuring spoon Baguio lettuce
wooden spoon
skillet
CRAB-STUFFED EGG
INGREDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 4pcs. hard boiled eggs
gas or electric stove 1tbsp. mayonnaise
knife 1/2tsp. salt
chopping board 1tbsp. lemon or calamansi juice
measuring cup 1cup freshly cooked crab meat
measuring spoon 2 slices bread, quartered and toasted
wooden spoon 1/4cup grated cheese
skillet
oven
PROCEDURE:
1. Remove eggs from the shell and cut in halves lengthwise, then carefully
remove yolks and press through a sieve.
2. Add mayonnaise, salt and lemon juice to sieve yolks and blend thoroughly.
Add crab meat.
3. Lightly lift crab mixture back into egg whites and place on slices of toast.
Arrange in a single layer in a Pyrex baking dish.
4. Pour tomato sauce over the arranged food sprinkle with cheese.
5. Bake in a moderately heated oven (375F) for 15 to 20 minutes.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Assemble and prepare your materials/ cooking outfit and ingredients
needed to prepare:
a. Poached egg
b. Fried egg
Appearance ---------- - 30
Taste ---------- - 25
Preparation ---------- - 20
Cost ---------- - 15
Time ---------- - 10
TOTAL ----------- 100
RESOURCES:
Equipment
Gas range
Table appointments
Tools and Utensils
Knife
Serving plates/trays
Casseroles
Supplies and Materials
Ingredients for the recipe
REFERENCES:
S.Y. De leon, Ph. D. M.P. Guzman, L.L. Chavez, V.S. Claudio, BASIC FOOD
FOR PHILIPPINES, 3rd Edition, Copyright 1990,
pp. 275-295
L.S. Maravic, J.D. Icasiano, J.G. De Guzman, HOMEMAKING FOR YOU AND
ME, FOOD AND NUTRITION II, pp. 45
LESSON 4
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the proper storage of vegetables, fruits, eggs, and starch
foodstuffs to prolong their shelf life.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Fresh and processed eggs, vegetables, and fruits are stored at proper
temperature.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Proper food handling includes protecting food from possible contamination during
the processing and storage prior to serving.
1. Keep hands clean and touch food with hands as little as possible.
Make sure that food workers wash hands in warm soapy water before handling
food.
2. Separate the preparation of meats (potentially hazardous foods) from other foods.
To prevent cross contamination do not prepare fruits and vegetables on
surface used for the preparation of uncooked meats, poultry or fish.
To prevent bacterial growth, frequently clean preparation surface and utensils
with a sanitizing solution.
3. Do not let anyone with skin infection, open sore or illness handle food.
If food workers are sick, send them home or assign them to non-food related
duties.
Great tasting fruits and vegetables begin with proper storage at home. Use the
FIFO rule. (First In, First Out). Use whatever is oldest first and continually rotate
your stock to ensure freshness and reduce waste.
1. FRESH FOODS – are best used within the day of purchase or within several days,
like potato, carrots, which can be kept longer if stored properly.
3. CANNED FOODS – have a shelf life of about two years. If they are stored at a
constant temperature of about 75oF, and as long as the can is not leaking or
bulging. Check canned foods periodically rotate stock using the FIFO rule and
discard any leaking, bulging dented cans (dent - depression on a surface made
by pressure or below)
STORAGE OF EGGS
Eggs should not be frozen in their shells. To freeze whole eggs, beat yolks and
white together. Egg whites and yolks can also be frozen until needed. Defrost in the
refrigerator. Discard any with cracked shells.
SELF- CHECK
1. Bring fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs. Prepare your materials needed in
wrapping and sealing foods ready to be stored.
2. Demonstrate the wrapping and sealing process and to be presented to your
teacher for evaluation.
RESOURCES:
Learning materials
Supplies/ Materials/ Equipment
Personal protective equipment
REFERENCES:
S.Y. The Lion, L.L Chaves, V.S. Claudio, M.P. Guzman, BASIC FOOD FOR
FILIPINOS 3rd Edition, Copyright 1999, pp. 292 – 293 and 479 – 484
Module Introduction:
The module deals with the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in the
preparation of a variety of hot, cold, and frozen desserts in a commercial kitchen or
catering operation.
Expected Outcome
PRE-TEST
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write it in your test notebook.
1. Which does NOT belong to the group?
a. rich sauce c. hot fudge
b. light sauce d. sweet
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the different types of desserts, their characteristics,
ingredients and the equipment used in preparing and producing desserts.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
DEFINITION OF TERMS
dessert - the last course of a meal; usually sweet such as pies, cakes,
chocolates, puddings, and fruits.
blancmange- a French milk pudding or custard usually flavored with
almonds.
I. Fruits
The simplest dessert and one of the best are fruits because they are nutritious,
appetizing, and easy to prepare and serve.
II. Cheese
Cheese is another excellent dessert that is ready to serve. It is made in all
parts of the world from a variety of milks from cow, goat, sheep, llama, reindeer and
buffalo. Cheese differs depending on the kind of milk used. The kinds of fungi and
bacteria that develop them, the kinds of cheese-making procedures used, the
seasonings and the ripening processes also distinguish its variety. Each variety has
a definite character, a special appeal, and particular uses.
1. Soft
a. unripened cheese
b. ripened by bacteria
2. Semi – hard
a. ripened by mold
b. ripened by bacteria
3. Hard
a. with gas holes
b. without gas holes
These are easily prepared, economical and vary in many ways. Gelatin is
marketed in two forms. First, the unsweetened, granular type that must be softened
in water before use, and second the fruit gelatin to which flavor, color, and sugar
have already been added.
IV. Custard
Baked and soft custards vary in so many ways that an endless number of
desserts can be prepared. Creamy, delicate, baked custards may be served in their
baking cups or may be unmolded and served with fruit garnishes or with dessert
sauces. The soft or “stirred” custard is incorrectly called the “boiled” custard. The
ingredients are the same as those used for baked custard but the cooking process is
different.
V. Puddings
Puddings are relatively simple to prepare and vary with sauces. These are
classified as:
Characteristics of Pudding
a. attractive appearance
b. excellent consistency
c. well – blended flavor
d. firmness of shape
e. an accompanying sauce to add interest
1. Ice cream- smooth frozen mixture of milk, cream, sugar, flavorings and
sometimes eggs.
2. Sherbet and Ices – made from fruit juices, water and sugar. American
sherbet contains milk and cream and sometimes egg white. The egg whites
increase smoothness and volume. Ice contains only fruit juice water, sugar
and sometimes egg white.
3. Frozen Soufflés and Frozen Mousses – made like chilled mousses and
Bavarians, whipped cream, beaten egg whites or both are folded to give
lightness and allow to be still frozen in an ordinary freezer.
REFERENCES
Lewis, Dora S. et. al, FAMILY MEALS AND HOSPITALITY, pp. 96 – 105.
Belmonte, Leonarda R. et. al, PHILIPPINE FIESTA RECIPES pp. 114 – 122.
FRUIT COCKTAIL
PROCEDURE:
PROCEDURE:
Boil sugar and gulaman in two cups water. Remove from fire, strain
through a sieve. Add milk and put half of the mixture in a wet mold. Put in a
cool place to jell. When partly jelled, arrange fruits in mold and pour the
remaining gulaman. Chill until firm. Serve cold.
SOFT CUSTARD
Note: If you accidentally overcook the custard and it curdles, set the pan in cold
water and beat smoothly with an egg beater.
MAJA BLANCA
PROCEDURE:
1. Scrape corn kernels from the cob.
2. Pound or put through a food processor.
3. Strain and squeeze through cheesecloth.
4. Mix with coconut cream.
5. Add 2 cups sugar and cook in a saucepan.
6. Stir continuously until thick.
7. Pour into a mold.
For topping, toast grated coconut in a frying pan. Add remaining cup of sugar and
cook until golden brown. Sprinkle over pudding.
PROCEDURE:
1. Set the oven at 400oF.
2. Heat the peaches, sugar and water. Blend the cornstarch and 2
tablespoons water and add to the peaches then, cook about 5 minutes.
3. Place the peaches in the bottom of the baking dish and dot the mixture
with butter and cinnamon.
4. Prepare the biscuit dough – sift the dry ingredients, cut in the fat until the
mixture resembles cornmeal, add the milk all at once, and mix.
5. Drop the biscuit mixture on top of the peaches by spoonfuls.
6. Bake for 30 minutes.
7. Serve hot, cut into squares and top with some of the juice in the pan.
8. Serve with thick cream, if desired.
CHOCOLATE MOUSSE
PROCEDURE:
1. Melt chocolate over hot water.
2. Remove from heat and add butter. Stir until the butter is melted and
completely mixed in.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Prepare the utensils/ equipment, ingredients, and perform the recipe
following the standard procedure.
4. Frozen
a. attractive appearance
b. excellent consistency
RESOURCES:
cooking range
chiller/refrigerator
Tools/utensils
measuring cups/spoons mixing bowls
strainer/colander
beater
grater
molder
saucepan
wooden spoon
fork
spatula
REFERENCES
Lewis, Dora S. et. al, Family Meals and Hospitality, pp. 96 – 105.
Belmonte, Leonarda R. et. al, Philippine Fiesta Recipes,
pp. 114 – 122.
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the study that deals with the portioning of desserts
and the current trends and the preparation of desserts.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
parfait – frozen dessert made of a sweet egg yolk foam and whipped cream.
peach Melba – vanilla ice cream with peaches and raspberry sauce.
sherbet – American term for a frozen dessert but containing a small
amount of dairy.
mousse – French word means “lather” or “foam” prepared food that
incorporates air bubble to give a light and airy texture.
Something sweet like desserts are served after the meal to close the
appetite. Understanding sugar cooking likes syrup is important in the preparation
and presentation of hot and cold desserts. Testing the temperature with a candy
thermometer is the most accurate way to determine the desired doneness of syrup.
Temperature
Stage
°F °C
Thread 230 110
Soft ball 240 115
Firm ball 245 118
Hard ball 250-260 122-127
Small crack 265-270 130-132
Crack 275-280 135-138
Hard crack 290-310 143-155
Caramel 320-340 160-170
Measure syrups, toppings, and garnishes for portion control. For syrups,
use pumps that dispense measured quantities or use ladles.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Choose any of the ice cream desserts you would like to perform.
Prepare and present in accordance with enterprise presentation
techniques.
RESOURCES
Equipment
Refrigerator/freezer
LESSON 3
PREPARING SWEET SAUCES
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the kinds and variety of sauces, different thickening
agents, preparing sweet sauces, and storing to retain desired quality and
characteristics.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Sauces can give an entirely different appearance, flavor, color, and moisture
to desserts.
1. Custard Sauces
Vanilla custard sauce, or crème anglaise, dessert cookery. Chocolate or
other flavor may be added to create varieties.
2. Fruit Purees
These are simply purees of fresh or cooked fruits, sweetened with sugar.
Other flavorings and spices are sometimes added.
3. Syrups
Includes such products as chocolate sauce and caramel sauce.
2. When combining the egg yolks and sugar, whip the mixture as soon as the
sugar is added. Letting the sugar and egg yolks stand together with out
mixing creates lumps.
4. Slowly beat the hot milk into the beaten eggs and sugar.
5. Set the bowl containing the egg mixture in a pan of simmering water and
stir constantly to prevent curdling.
6. To test for doneness, the mixture lightly coats the back of the spoon.
7. Immediately cool the sauce by setting the pan or bowl in ice water. Stir
occasionally to cool evenly.
8. If the sauce curdles, immediately stir in one (1) to two (2) ounces cold
milk, transfer the sauce to a blender, and blend at high speed.
Storage of Sauces
Sauces should be kept in airtight containers and stored in a cold dry place
away from moisture, oxygen, light and pests. Food made with starches that contain
egg, milk, cream and other dairy products are prone to bacterial contamination and
to food- borne illness. Sauces made with these ingredients should be kept out of the
temperature danger zone. Thickened sauce should also be prepared, served and
stored with caution. These products should be stored in the refrigerator and never
left to stand at room temperature too long.
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write it in your test notebook.
1. This is a flavored liquid blend of ingredients that adds flavor and enhances
the appearance of the food.
a. Appetizer b. Dessert
c. Sauce d. Stock
REFERENCE:
Lewis, Dora S. et. al, Family Meals and Hospitality, pp. 105 - 106.
CHOCOLATE SAUCE
STRAWBERRY SAUCE
PROCEDURE
1. Combine the sugar and cornstarch.
2. Stir in the crushed fruit.
3. Bring to a boil and stir constantly. Cook until clear.
4. Remove from fire. Add lemon juice and serve hot or cold.
5. This sauce may be stored in a covered jar and placed in the refrigerator.
SELF- CHECK
Direction: Plan and prepare sauces suited to light and rich dessert.
Evaluate the finished product using the criteria below.
2.Correct consistency
pouring consistency
like heavy cream
3. Defined, well-
seasoned flavor
REFERENCE:
Lewis, Dora S. et. al, FAMILY MEALS AND HOSPITALITY, pp. 105 - 106.
LESSON 4
INTRODUCTION
The lesson deals with the different kinds of accompaniments, garnishes and
decorations, and their methods of preparations.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Accompaniment, garnishes, and decorations are used to enhance
taste, texture and balance.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Dessert Syrup – flavored simple syrup used to moisten and flavor some
cakes. Flavorings may be extracts like vanilla, liquors like
rum. Add flavorings after the syrup has been cooled
because flavor may be lost if they are added to hot syrup.
Syrups may also be flavored by boiling them with lemon
or orange rind.
SELF- CHECK
REFERENCE:
CREAM ANGLAISE
TOOLS AND INGREDIENTS
EQUIPMENT QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
SELF- CHECK
RESOURCES:
LESSON 5
STORING DESSERTS
INTRODUCTION
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Equipment
1. chiller
2. freezer
3. refrigerator
Storage Techniques
1. Refrigerate – to keep cold or cool
2. Cold Storage – the process of storing food by means of refrigeration
3. Chilling – to refrigerate or to reduce the temperature of food
SELF- CHECK
RESOURCES:
Equipment
chiller
refrigerator
REFERENCE:
SEDP Series, Technology and Home Economics III pp, 65 – 66
ANSWER KEY
The Major Kitchen Culinary Arts Center; MANAGING A FOOD – SAFE KITCHEN
De Leon, Sonia Y., Ph.D et al., BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINO, 1999
Sonia Y. De Leon, Ph. D. et al, BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINOS Copyright 1999