Table of Contents

S.no Particulars Page no.

Chapter 1 Introduction to the industry (E Commerce)
1.1 The Hyper Growth of E commerce
1.2 Different types of Ecommerce
1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction to the topic (Supply Chain
Management)
2.2 Supply chain risks
2.3 Supply chain risk identification
2.4 Supply chain risks assessment
2.5 Supply chain risk management framework
2.6 Impact on E commerce industry (India and worldwide)
2.7 Strategies implemented by the companies

Chapter 5 Research Methodology

5.1 Statement of Problem

5.2 Objective of study

5.3 Data collection
5.4 Limitations of the study

Chapter 6 Data analysis and Interpretation

6.1 Data classification
6.2 Analysis & Interpretation

Chapter 7 Summary of Findings

7.1 Conclusion
7.2 Research findings and Recommendations
Appendix References
CHAPTER 1

Introduction to the
Industry
E Commerce
In an increasingly competitive worldwide commercial market, it is critical for organizations to grasp the
most recent strategies and patterns to lead their organizations. With the progression of innovation,
especially the Internet, the world has found another way of opportunities, exchanging the exchanges of
conventional plans of action into a superior model far prevalent as far as proficiency, efficiency,
profitability and competitiveness. This is the place web-based business comes into the image in which is
basically a short structure for "Electronic Commerce". Web-based business is commonly the "in-thing"
today, which idea covers the worldwide data economy which incorporates electronic exchanging of
merchandise and enterprises, electronic store move, online acquirement, direct advertising, electronic
charging, and so on, through the web by means of the PC. Web-based business doesn't change the centre
of organizations, which is to create benefit from exchanges, however, it is to change the outlook of how
to approach producing benefits through an effective way. This essentially implies acquiring data readily
available, without sitting around ideally, cash and exertion, and to lead constant exchanges in a
"borderless world" 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. With web-based business exchanges, it is a Win-
Win circumstance for the gatherings (the two purchasers and merchants) taking an interest in it. It offers
separated advantages, for example, less overhead costs, bigger publicizing market introduction, and
diminishes go-between investment and every one of these advantages is handily comprehended and
quantifiable-Commerce itself is categorized into several sections. Among the sections are Business-To
Business (B2B), Business-To-Consumer (B2C), and Business-To-Government (B2G).

1.1 The Hyper Growth of E commerce Industry

E-commerce business has changed in the way business is done in India. The Indian online business
showcase is relied upon to develop to US$ 200 billion by 2026 from US$ 88.5 billion starting in 2019.
Much development of the business has been activated by expanding web and cell phone infiltration.
The progressing advanced change in the nation is relied upon to build India's complete web client base
to 829 million by 2021 from 636.73 million in FY19. India's web economy is required to twofold from
US$ 125 billion as of April 2017 to US$ 250 billion by 2020, significantly upheld by internet business.
India's E-business income is required to hop from US$ 39 billion of every 2017 to US$ 120 billion out
of 2020, developing at a yearly pace of 51 per cent, the most elevated on the planet.
Recent milestones achieved

 The internet subscribers reached 687.62 million till September 2019.

 In the festive sale (September 29-October 4, 2019), the e-tailers in India achieved US$ 3 billion
of Gross Merchandise Value (GMV).
 Transactions through Unified Payments Interface (UPI) stood at 1.32 billion in February 2020
worth Rs 2,21,995 crore (US$ 31.76 billion).
 Under Internet Saathi project over 26 million women were benefitted in India and it reached 2.6
lakh villages and reached 20 states.
 Under the Digital India movement, government launched various initiatives like Udaan, Umang,
Start-up India Portal etc.
 Under the project ‘Internet Saathi’, the government has influenced over 16 million women in
India and reached 166,000 villages
 Udaan, a B2B online trade platform that connect small and medium size manufacturers and
wholesalers with online retailers and also provide them logistics, payments and technology
support, has sellers in over 80 cities of India and delivers to over 500 cities.
 According to the UN’s eGovernance index, India has jumped 11 positions to 107 in 2016 from
2018 in 2014.
 The government introduced Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM), a simple mobile based platform
for digital payments

Road Ahead

The internet business industry been legitimately affecting the smaller scale, little and medium endeavors
(MSME) in India by giving methods for financing, innovation and preparing and has a great falling impact
on different enterprises also. The Indian online business industry has been on an upward development
direction and is relied upon to outperform the US to turn into the second biggest internet business advertise
on the planet by 2034. Innovation empowered developments like advanced installments, hyper-nearby
coordination’s, examination driven client commitment and computerized commercials will probably bolster
the development in the part. The development in online business part will likewise help work, increment
incomes from send out, increment charge assortment by ex-chequeens, and give better items and
administrations to clients in the long haul. Ascend in cell phone use is relied upon to rise 84 percent to
arrive at 859 million by 2022.

1.2 Different Types of Ecommerce (Yet to work on*)

 B2B
 B2C
 C2C
 C2B
 B2A
1.3 Advantages & Disadvantages (Yet to work on*)

Advantages
 Able to conduct 24*7*365
 Access the global marketplace
  Speed
 Market space
 Efficient application development environment

Disadvantages and Disruptions

 Physical product, supplier and delivery uncertainty
 Limited and selected sensory information
 Returning goods
 Personal service
 Defined service and the unexpected
CHAPTER 2

Literature Review
Introduction
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a range of activities needed to plan, coordinate, schedule and
control the procurement, production, and deliveries of products to customers. SCM is the foundation of
eCommerce and is a pivotal part in its development. It is an extensive and complex endeavor which
guarantees that each accomplice for example from supplier to manufacturers and past perform well.

Source : https://boxaroundtheworld.com/amazon-supply-chain-management/

The drive towards progressively proficient stockpile systems during late years has brought about these
systems getting increasingly defenseless against disturbance amid lockdowns and natural or political
calamities like recently COVID 19. Supply chain powerlessness can be characterized as a exposure to
serious disturbance and influences, emerging from dangers inside the inventory network just as dangers
outside to the supply chain network in India.

During Coronavirus episode, India's 21-day lockdown may have hurled an open door for online
merchants to sparkle, yet the remainder of the internet business industry is suffocating in the COVID-19
tidal wave. The Narendra Modi government has limited online deals of all merchandise aside from
"nourishment, pharmaceuticals, and clinical gear" until April 14. Nonetheless, these three classifications
are just a bit of India's $60 billion online retail industry, which is commanded by cell phones, hardware,
and fashion.

Supply chain risks:

The risks associated to the successful operation of continuous and quality assured supplies are
innumerable. In order to properly address the risk, one needs to have a holistic understanding of
the risk which is followed by the step of its authentic (quantitative) calculation and it ends up
with the counter risk measures to make the operations smooth and reliable.

Quantitaive Counter-
Risk
Assesment Risk
Analysis
(Risk) Measures

The above-mentioned scheme considers all the necessary factors in the process of risk
management. Technically, risk constitutes the major portion of any decision-making process as
ignorance of risk can cause serious problems. Below are given few of risks associated with the
modern supply chain practices. All possible efforts are done to discuss the quantitative assessment
and counter-risk measures to ensure the reliable operations.
Supply management is not about acquisition of goods and services at the best possible price. It’s
also about considering the contingent factors associated with the possible disruption of the supply
chain. The core focus of any management is to take steps to mitigate the risks associated with the
transfer of materials efficiently and effectively from the manufacturers to the end customer. The
smoothness of the entire process and the steps to eliminate the dissonance is the key objective.

The most elementary risks associated with supply chain are:

 1. Risks within the organization
2. Risks outside the organization

1. Risks outside the organization:

This sort of risk can be inferred by any upstream or downstream accomplice. The effect of outer
condition is extremely prevailing in such risks. These risks are normally are outside the control of
an association. Consequently, this sort of risk is likewise recognized as an outer risk. It involves a
few elements to be considered altogether. Following are a portion of the variables that will be that
fall under this overlay of risk.

 Demand Risks
 Supply Risks
 Environment Risks
 Business risks
 Physical risks

All these risk factors are mentioned below:

Demand Risks:
This risk incorporates wrong projection of the client request. This deceptive interest projection
might be because of misconstrued or capricious reasons. The ramifications of this risk are extreme
as it straightforwardly influences the choice of creation, stock and cost. Over-anticipated interest
causes stock expense and planning of the interest that are not required. Under-anticipated interest
brings about components like stock out cost, inaccessibility of the item and the client disharmony.

Supply risks:
The risks related with the progression of all material pertinent to the activity of the business are
thought of. The smooth progression of materials, data and assets between various levels of the
association must be ideal and effective. Else, it can make colossal issues for the organization. After
all topics and the essential target of any flexibly fasten the board is to plan a ceaseless and
continuous gracefully framework and course.
Environment risks:
This is one of the most basic risks related with the activity of gracefully chain the board. This kind
of risk typically starts from the stuns outside the association. Associations while thinking about
this risk, comprehensively see the worldwide happening of occasions. The reason for existing is
to comprehend the idea of occasions and the manners by which these occasions can present dangers
and chances to the flexibly chain the board rehearses:

 Security risks
 Monetary risks
 Climatic risks

Security Risks:
In the cutting edge world protections of the nation is the highest need. Stream of materials from
one piece of the world to different has represented an impressive scope of dangers. The security
arrangement post 911 occurrence and now ongoing Covid-19 Pandemic has been reexamined to
make it increasingly steady and solid. The threats include: -
 Increased ordering cost
 Increased safety stock
 Increased lead time
 Increased quality abnormality (Perishable goods)

Monetary Risk:
The fluctuations in the global markets cause changes in the trade rates and money related segment
of the whole world. Additionally, greater part of the nations follow an industrialist financial
structure. The reaction of the economy of the created nations stifles the financial state of the
immature nations. These monetary elements have durable ramifications on the presentation of the
associations working over the globe.

Climatic Risks:
The climatic states of the planet earth have gotten profoundly unsure because of the contamination
and risky variables. These climatic disasters disturb the foundation of the whole nation, in this way
making it practically difficult to proceed with the standard gracefully. These variables are
additionally to be thought of while settling on the flexibly organize plan. Following are barely any
instances of disastrous climatic conditions that demolished the whole gracefully chain arrangement
and established a difficult circumstance for the flexibly tie directors to proceed with their
provisions:

Business risks:
Business risk is related fundamentally with the budgetary and the executives adequacy of the
provider. Providers have a basic job in the business exercises of an association. The advanced acts
of flexibly chain the board depend on having least number of the providers so as to have creation
and separation advantage. The Supply chain rehearses advocates the thought of all out expense of
proprietorship instead of the base price tag. The risk identified with provider's determination can
be tended to by thinking about the accompanying elements:

 Merit based selection

 Financial and management soundness of supplier
 Flexibility of the supplier
 Adaptability of the supplier
 Reputation of the supplier
 Quality certified supplier

Physical Risks:

These risks are identified with the physical status of the provider's offices. On the off chance that
the provider is utilizing carbon discharging vehicles for transportation, at that point it can carry the
awful name to the association's notoriety. These components are to be considered fundamentally
as they are legitimately fastened to the client's desires. On the off chance that the organization
professes to be a socially mindful and its providers is enjoyed utilizing youngster work, at that
point, there is no point of arrangement between both the organizations. The individuals are
progressively moving towards the socially mindful conduct and they value this conduct from
others as well.
2. Risks within the organization:
The administration appears to have insignificant authority over the outer risks, inward risks, while
are carefully heavily influenced by the board. These components depend on the prudence of the
administration. The most unmistakable elements remembered for the inside risk are as follows:
 Manufacturing Risks
 Planning and Control
 Business Risks
 Mitigation and contingency

All the afore-mentioned risks are discussed below:

Manufacturing risks:

The choice of the assembling risks involves al the present moment, medium term and long haul
choices in regards to the creation. The degree of productivity received by the organization is
considered in this progression. Organizations in the serious world attempt to ideally use their
assets'. Resource use. The choice of assembling must be finished by thinking about the
accompanying elements, to lessen risk:

 Accurate demand forecast

 Production flexibility
 Labor availability
 Raw material availability
 Lean manufacturing
 Product life cycle

Planning and control

The planning of the supply chain drivers and metrics needs to be done smartly. The planning needs
to have strong qualitative and quantitative base. The risk of making wrong policies can be
eliminated through the incorporation of the technical and conceptual inputs from the experts. The
supply chain performance management Key primary indicators are to be designed in alignment
with the organizational practices.
Mitigation and Contingency:

As the famous quotation says;

“What can go wrong will go wrong”
The productive supply chain system and the board is the one that takes a shot at the act of consistent
improvement. The administration must be done ably through the position of safeguards in any dare
to give it the important help in the harsh occasions. The organization should completely
comprehend and settle on the accompanying variable in an unforeseen premise:

 Production Technique
 Inventory ownership
 Material handling
 Modes of transportation
 Supplier relationship management
 Downstream relationship management

The Management of the risk (Step by Step)

Best Practices
Numerous organizations have been beginning to take a gander at overseeing risk and a few
accepted procedures have developed. Practices in the money related administrations, venture risk
the board, and protection enterprises were contemplated. The subtleties of these are depicted in the
SCOR Best Practices area. Synopses are given underneath. Ten practices have been distinguished
under 4 classes shown in below:

Supply Chain Risk Identification

A key part of flexibly chain risk the board is recognizable proof. Recognizable proof includes
making a rundown of potential occasions that could hurt any part of the flexibly chain's
exhibition. Risk recognizable proof permits an association to find a way to make intends to
oversee risks before they happen. This is commonly more financially savvy than holding back to
respond to antagonistic occasions when they happen.

In the Plan step of SCOR, an organization can create plans for identifying risk on an ongoing basis.
Risks can be classified into Source Risks, Make Risks, Deliver Risks, and Return risks.

 Source risk identification – Normalized source appraisals and studies are powerful. A few
organizations have just grown such evaluations.

 Make risk identification – Internal risks to an association that have been broadly examined
and include: Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance; financial, natural, and social duty; wellbeing
and work laws; loss of assembling ability (because of work misfortune, property
misfortune, ...); quality administration; increments underway costs; connection to source
risks (interferences and increments in costs); limit (over and under); protected innovation;
and staff the board.

 Deliver risk identification – Visibility of clients improves the capacity to recognize Deliver
risks

 Return risk identification – Data on returns should be followed to recognize risks.

Inordinate returns may uncover risks prior all the while.
Supply Chain Risk Assessment
Flexibly Chain Risk evaluation gives the board a comprehension of where the most serious risks
may exist to organize assets for risk alleviation and the executives. Performing such evaluations
will include explaining the idea of the risk, understanding conditions that may prompt the occasion,
realizing how every now and again such occasions have occurred or can be relied upon to occur,
and the potential effect of such occasions. The group would then be able to organize tending to the
risks.

Risk assessment is typically made up of two measures: Likelihood and Impact.

 Likelihood – measures the likelihood that the occasion will happen. The specific likelihood
might be hard to decide except if there is chronicled information that can be utilized to
discover the recurrence of the occasion happening. Then again an association can utilize
an emotional probability, or level of conviction, in light of the assessments of specialists.
A period skyline is important to characterize the likelihood in a valuable manner (e.g., the
probability that an occasion will happen in the following year or 50 years).

 Impact – measures the outcomes on the association if the occasion happens. It tends to be
estimated legitimately, for instance regarding dollars. It can likewise be estimated on a
scale, for instance from zero to one with zero being almost no negative result and one being
an extremely terrible outcome. Techniques for estimating sway incorporate "consider the
 possibility that" reproductions, budgetary models, and assessments of groups of specialists.
Effect may likewise be estimated as far as other SCOR measurements other than financials.

 Summary risk score – A synopsis risk score can be determined for each risk by duplicating
the Impact times the Probability to get a normal estimation of the risk. At that point risks can
be positioned by risk score. Likewise, the risks can be appeared on a guide or chart. A model
is demonstrated as follows.

Other methods for assessment include:

Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
Event Tree analysis (ETA)

A risk appraisal instrument as subjective and quantitative spreadsheet or other programming can
be utilized by supervisory crews to sort out the evaluation of risks to an association. The device
can contain likewise contain data on important reasons for those risks and their evaluation, relief
choices and the effect of different alleviation plans. This builds up gauges for the estimation,
announcing, and constraining of risk.
Risk the executives is broadly examined, yet specialists have contrasting perspectives on the
classes, centrality, and how to incorporate moderation plans into the general undertaking or
operational arrangement. A successive issue is that administration centers around the most
noteworthy effect risks, neglecting increasingly visit events. This training should help normalize
risk the board jargon and practices inside an association.
Some progressively advanced techniques for risk appraisal include the utilization of reproductions
to infer approximations for the effect of risks. Assortments of various kinds of gracefully chain
reproduction programming are accessible and might be utilized for this reason.

Risk Management Framework

Map Supply Network
Manufacture a structure of different members in flexibly chain. Recognize connections, key
measures and possession.

Identify Risk

Assess whether noteworthy risk exists inside the system, and in the case of existing risk the
executives rehearses are recognizing and overseeing it. This includes building a Cross practical
group of topic specialists. The group conceptualizes and characterizes Enterprise risk identified
with Financial, Strategic, Hazard and operational regions. Out of the different risks recognized
Filter down risks that are pertinent to assembling and flexibly chain activities

Assess Risk

Construct a Risk map dependent on likelihood of event and misfortune seriousness (Subjective
evaluation). Assemble a rundown of Top 10 risks.

Manage Risk

Fabricate an incorporated supply chain process map. For each repeatable risk, construct an Impact
map showing where risk is causing essential disturbance. Manufacture models to gauge likelihood
of risk and number of occasions anticipated. Assemble models to survey fiscal misfortune at sway
focuses. Organize high effect focuses. Create different situations

Implement Actions
Assemble risk relief plan for repeatable risks at the high effect focuses. Set up early notice
signals. Get ready alternate course of action for non-repeatable risk. Set up a Regular Risk
survey component. Have some Risk mindfulness battle.
Chapter 5
Research Methodology
5.1 Problem statement

The study focuses on the following problems

 To Prepare for potential channel shifts.

 To Update inventory policy and planning parameters.
 To Illuminate the extended supply network.
 To Prepare for Rebound.

5.2 Research Objectives

The research objective is to find out:

 To manage disruption of natural and environmental events like covid 19 outbreak.

 To manage disruption due to response in technological trends
 To manage and mitigates risks associated to Financial, Sociopolitical, Legal and
Environmental scenarios.

5.3 Research Design

Below are the following stages of collecting data and processing them to achieve the research
proposal objective:

 Stage 1: Collect Secondary Data – Through this, we will compile all the necessary
changes that had been bought in E-commerce companies before and after COVID 19
outbreak.

 Stage 2: Analysis of the strategies and steps taken by various E- commerce companies to
manage the disruptions particularly in supply chain avenue.

 Stage 3: Analyze the data which has been collected.

 Stage 4: Based on the data analysis, we will interpret and, based on our findings, will
give our recommendations on managing supply chain risks and disruptions amidst
Environmental and natural calamities and others.

The data for this study is obtained from secondary sources.

Secondary Data:
Secondary data were collected from referred books, reports, and conference papers, referred
journals, magazines/periodicals, ministry of finance (Economic Survey) Govt. of India ministry
of Technology and EU education. In the present study, following statistical tools were used for
analysis of data, simple tabular and percentage method is applied. Moreover, standard statistical
estimation is used to calculate the linear regression and test to test the hypothesis of the research
study. (Hypothesis yet to form*)

5.4 Limitations of the Study

The data collected for this research is collected from the Internet which is based on assumptions
and levies variability by Experts. The result received from this research may or may not be
suitable future output and response.
 Appendices

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