Trenutno stanje (I)

• OIE predstavljaju približno oko 7% od primarne

proizvodnje energije u EU (2008.g).
• U Austriji, Finskoj i Švedskoj skoro 2/3 od primarne
proizvodnje energije se proizvodi iz OIE (uglavnom
hidro, vjetar i bomasa, zatim slijedi solarna i
geotermalna energija).
• EU (2000-2012). In new power capacity - almost has
been 91% renewables and gas combined.
• In five years (2007-2012) over 55% of all new power
capacity in the EU was renewable. 86% in 2016 came
from renewables.

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Trenutno stanje (II)

• Vjetar kao OIE ima veliki potencijal, ali je još

potrebno povećati samu efikasnost opreme i
smanjiti proizvodne cijene kako bi postao
kompetitivniji.

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 Trenutno stanje (III)

• Troškovi proizvodnje električne energije iz VE na dobro

odabranoj lokaciji su već kompetitivni sa energijom
dobijenom sagorijevanjem fosilnih goriva.
• Cijena kotla u TE oko 9 miliona €, a sistema za
odsumporavanje 60 miliona €.
• Procjene govore da će se u narednom periodu cijena
elek. energije iz VE da konstantno smanjuje.

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Trenutno stanje (IV)

• Fotonaponske ćelije su se pokazale kao veoma dobre i

očekuje se njihova daljna ekspanzija.
• Značajan broj zemalja već izdvaja podsticajna sredstva
za PV tehnologiju.
• U Njemačkoj program “100 000 Solarnih krovova”.

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 Trenutno stanje (V)

• PV tehnologija predstavlja veliki potencijal za slijedećih

10 – 20 godina.
• Evropa je korak ispred svih u istraživanju, razvoju i
primjeni PV tehnologije (npr. Platforma Solar de
Almeria, Španija).

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Trenutno stanje (VI)

• Ključni izazovi sa kojima se susreće tehnologija

dobijanja električne energije iz biomase su komercijalno
poboljšanje efikasnosti postrojenja i sigurnost
snabdijevanja sa relativno niskim troškovima
energenata.

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 Trenutno stanje (VII)

• Tehnologija dobijanja električne energije iz

valova je još nerazvijena i u slijedećem
periodu potrebno je posvetiti se što više
istraživanju i razvoju na polju ove tehnologije.

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Trenutno stanje (VIII)

• Obnovljivi izvori energije su raznoliki po komercijalnim

i tehnološkim karakteristikama. Neki su komparativni
sa fosilnim gorivima, npr. ako se u obzir uzme uticaj
na okolinu, neki još nisu.
• Od politike se očekuje da donese niz pozitivnih mjera i
podstakne razvoj OIE. EU to već uveliko radi.

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Udio OIE - Svijet

Chines per capita

electricity
consumption is ¼
of the UK or 1/10
of the USA
Source: Boyle, Godfrey: Renewable
Energy: Power for Sustainable Future,
University Oxford, 2004

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Udio OIE - Svijet

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 Udio OIE - Svijet
Renewables
accounted for just
over half of the
estimated 280 GW
of new installed
electric capacity in
2012.
Liquid biofuels
provided about
3.4% of global road
transport fuels in
2012.

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Estimated Renewable Energy Share of Global

Electricity Production, End-2013
RES 3rd largest electricity
contributor after coal and gas.
Hydro (70+% of RES share)

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Estimated Renewable Energy Share of Global
Electricity Production, End-2014

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Estimated Renewable Energy Share of Global

Electricity Production, 2016, 2018

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Average Annual Growth Rates of RES Capacity and Biofuels production,
end 2009-2014

• RES has highest growth rates in energy sector (due to low start levels of wind and solar)
• Especially within electricity sector significant growth (59% of net-additions in 2014)

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Current Trends (II)

In 2012 almost 70%

of all new installed
capacity in the EU
was renewable.

Source: EWEA

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 Current Trends (III)

EU power mix
in 2012.

RES on the rise with

the envisioned 20%
target by 2020 within
reach

Source: EWEA

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Current Trends (IV)

Net electricity generating

installations in the EU
2000-2012 (GW).

Source: EWEA

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Udio OIE – Svijet - Hydropower

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Current Trends
Hydropow
er Global
Capacity,
Shares of
Top 6
2016

20 GW were added to reach a

total of 1,132 GW by end-2018

Hydropower Capacity
Hydropower Capacity
and Additions,
and Additions, Top
Top 10
9
Countries for
Countries for Capacity
Capacity
Added, 2018
Added, 2016

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 Solar PV

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Solar PV

China’s cumulative capacity

reached 176.1 GW, well beyond its
2020 target

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 Prices of solar PV modules fell by more than 30% in 2012.

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Current Trends – Wind energy

Wind has demonstrated the potential for innovation and market
growth to reduce costs and is now a proven and effective technology
with the potential to become a fully competitive generation option, but
continued market will be needed to keep driving down costs.

Annual growth
rate of cumulative
wind power
capacity between
2007-2012
averaged 25%.

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 Current Trends

• The European wind industry has grown rapidly. Installed capacity

has increased from around 13 GW in 2000 to more than 100 GW in
2012.
• The European wind energy industry is one of the fastest growing
industries. At least 103 countries have
commercial wind power capacity.
• Compared to33EWEA’s 2009 forecast, onshore installations are +3%
countries have more than 1 GW in
(3 GW) above expectations
operation. in 2012.
• Offshore installations are below EWEA’s expectations by 307 MW
(-6%).
• About 63% of the world’s manufactures of medium-and large-sized
wind turbines are European (2010).
• The wind capacity installed at end 2012 will, in a „normal wind“
year, produce 231 TWh of electricity, representing 7% of the EU’s
gross final consumption.

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 Top 10 - WT manufactures

➜ The top 10 companies captured an 85% market

Source: REN21
share Up from 80% in 2017 and 75% in 2016
➜ Top 5 manufacturers accounted for nearly two-
thirds of turbines delivered

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Solar Thermal, Water heating

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 Resilience and sustainablity of renewable energy– E. Zlomušica Page 335

Biomass Shares of Biomass Sources in Global Heat

and Electricity Generation, 2014

MSW - municipal solid waste

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 Resilience and sustainablity of renewable energy– E. Zlomušica Page 337

Pellet production

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Comparison of wood pellet prices for small-scale consumers, either
delivered in bulk or prices for pellets in bags

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 Biofuels

Liquid biofuels provided about 3.4% of global road transport fuels, with small
but increasing use by the aviation and marine sectors.

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Geothermal Power Top 10 in 2016

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 Jobs in Renewable energy
• Worldwide renewable energy employment continues to increase.
• An estimated 6.5 million people in 2013 work in the renewable energy
sector.
• The bulk of employment remains concentrated in Brazil, China, India, the
EU, and the US.
• Nearly 50,000 additional trained staff will be needed
by the wind industry by 2030.

Resilience and sustainablity of renewable energy– E. Zlomušica Page 343

Jobs in Renewable energy

Worldwide renewable energy employment in 2014 continues to increase...

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 Jobs in Renewable energy
Worldwide renewable energy employment in 2016 continues to increase...

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Investment in RES

• Developing countries reached $ 112 billion, representing 46% of the world total; this
was up from 34% in 2011, and continued an unbroken eight-year growth trend.
• Developed economies fell 29% to $ 132 billion, the lowest level since 2009.
• RES investment still below fossils

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Global New Investment in Renewable Energy
by Technology

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 OIE – Trenutno stanje i potencijal

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OIE – Razvoj

Source: Renewables Global Status Report 2011

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OIE – Evropa (I)

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OIE – Evropa (II)

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