DIAGRAMA HIERRO - CARBONO

Clase 18: Microestructura Iron Carbon System

Diagrama ( 𝑭𝒆𝟑 − 𝑪 )
Heat treatment

Ferrous, Quenching, annealing,

Alloying elements Cast irons Tempering, normalizing, etc.
Pure metals Alloys
Solution treatment,
Nonferrous,
precipitation hardening,
Stainless steels
aging, etc.

• Phase Diagrams
• Microstructures

Profesor: José Luis lázaro Plata

Email: jllazarop@ufpso.edu.co
Link del curso: https://uvirtual.ufpso.edu.co/course/view.php?id=27
 SOLIDIFICATION AND PHASE DIAGRAMS

1. Solidification
Pure metals
Nucleation and Growth

2. Phase Diagrams
Complete solid solution (Type I)
Eutectic diagram with no solid solution (Type II and Type III)
Intermetallic compound (Type IV)
Eutectoid and Peritectic reactions (Type V)
The Iron–Carbon System

3. Types of Metal Alloys

Ferrous alloys
Nonferrous alloys
THE IRON–CARBON SYSTEM

The iron–iron carbide phase diagram

(Callister & Rethwisch, 2010).
 THE IRON–CARBON SYSTEM

• Steels and cast irons are represented by the iron–carbon binary system.
• Commercially pure iron contains up to 0.008% C, steels up to 2.14% C, and cast irons up to 6.67% C, although most cast irons contain less than
4.5% C.
• This diagram can be extended to the right - to 100% C (pure graphite).
• The range that is significant to engineering applications is up to 6.67% C, because Fe3C is a stable phase.
• Pure iron melts at a temperature of 1538°C.
• As iron cools, it first forms delta ferrite, then austenite, and finally alpha ferrite.

Ferrite
• Alpha ferrite, also denoted α-ferrite or simply ferrite, is a solid solution of body-
centered cubic (BCC) iron; it has a maximum solid solubility of 0.022% C at a
temperature of 727°C.
• Ferrite is relatively soft and ductile; it is magnetic from room temperature to 768°C.
• Although very little carbon can dissolve interstitially in bcc iron, the amount of
carbon can significantly affect the mechanical properties of ferrite. Furthermore,
significant amounts of chromium, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, and
silicon can be contained in iron in solid solution, imparting special properties.
The unit cells for ferrite (Kalpakjian & Schmid, 2014).
 THE IRON–CARBON SYSTEM

Austenite
• Within a certain temperature range iron undergoes a polymorphic transformation from a BCC to an
FCC structure, becoming gamma iron (γ-iron), or, more commonly, austenite.
• This structure has a solid solubility of up to 2.14% C at 1148°C.
• It is denser than ferrite, and its single-phase fee structure is ductile at elevated temperatures;
consequently, it possesses good formability.
• Large amounts of nickel and manganese can also be dissolved in fee iron to impart various properties.
• Steel is nonmagnetic in the austenitic form, either at high temperatures or, for austenitic stainless C atom
steels, at room temperature. Fe atoms
The unit cells for austenite (Kalpakjian &
Schmid, 2014).
Cementite
• The right boundary of Figure 16 represents cementite, which is 100% iron carbide (Fe3C),
having a carbon content of 6.67%.
• Cementite is also called carbide, but should not be confused with other carbides used as dies,
cutting tools, and abrasives, such as tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, and silicon carbide.
• Cementite is a very hard and brittle intermetallic compound, with a significant influence on
Fe atoms C atom the properties of steels.

The unit cells for martensite • It can include other alloying elements, such as chromium, molybdenum, and manganese.
(Kalpakjian & Schmid, 2014).
 Development of microstructure in iron–carbon alloys

Schematic representations and photomicrograph of a 0.38 wt% C steel having a microstructure

consisting of pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite, (Callister & Rethwisch, 2010).
 Development of microstructure in iron–carbon alloys

Schematic representations and photomicrograph of a eutectoid steel showing the pearlite

microstructure consisting of alternating layers of ferrite, (Callister & Rethwisch, 2010).
 Development of microstructure in iron–carbon alloys

Schematic representations and photomicrograph of a 1.4 wt% C Steel having a microstructure consisting of
a White proeutectoid cementite network surrounding the pearlite colonies (Callister & Rethwisch, 2010).
 Development of microstructure in iron–carbon alloys

Actividad 9: Microestructura diagramas Fe3 - C

 ¿Qué es perlita?

 Diferencia entre ferrita proeutectoide y cementita

proeutectoide.
 REFERENCES

[1] Kalpakjian, S. & Schmid, S. S. (2014). Manufacturing engineering and technology (7th ed.). Upper Saddle
River, USA: Pearson Education.

[2] Callister, W. D. & Rethwisch D. G. (2010). Materials science and engineering: an introduction (8th ed.).
111 River Street - Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
THE IRON–CARBON SYSTEM

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