Assignment #2

Submitted to
Mam Laraib Abid.

Submitted by
Sana Hanif

2k16-che-64

Section
B

Subject
Process design and simulation
Introduction

Process Simulation is a key activity in Process Engineering covering the whole life cycle of a
process, from Research & Development to Conceptual Design and Plant Operation. In this
context, flowsheeting is a systemic description of material and energy streams in a process plant
by means of computer simulation with the scope of designing the plant or understanding its
operation.

Steady state flowsheeting is an everyday tool of the chemical engineer. The generalisation of the
dynamic simulation in the design practice is the next challenge. By means of a capable
commercial flowsheeting system, it is possible to produce a comprehensive computer image of a
running process, a Plant Simulation Model, which can combine both steady state and dynamic
simulation. This tool is particularly valuable in understanding the operation of a complex plant,
and on this basis can serve for continuous improving the process design, or for developing new
processes.

Process simulation is based on models. A model should mirror the reality at the degree of
accuracy required by application. Having a good knowledge of the modelling background is
compulsory for getting reliable results and using the software effectively. The difference
between successful and failed computer-aided project should be attributed more to an insufficient
capacity of the user to take advantage from the modelling environment than to inadequate
performance of the simulator

The integration of simulation tools is necessary to cope with the variety of needs in process
engineering. It is desirable to open the access to simulation technology to a larger number of
model suppliers. This can be realised by a cooperative approach between the community of users
and of software producers. The availability of simulation systems on Internet can boost the use of
simulation technology in a global environment.
What is Simulation??

Computer simulation is the process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer, which

is designed to predict the behaviour of or the outcome of a real-world or physical system. Since
they allow to check the reliability of chosen mathematical models, computer simulations have
become a useful tool for the mathematical modeling of many natural systems in physics
(computational physics), astrophysics, climatology, chemistry, biology and manufacturing, as
well as human systems in economics, psychology, social science, health care and engineering.
Simulation of a system is represented as the running of the system's model. It can be used to
explore and gain new insights into new technology and to estimate the performance of systems
too complex for analytical solutions

01) CHEMCAD

Broadening the capabilities of chemical engineers everywhere with enhanced process simulation
software, CHEMCAD is designed to help you drive productivity, accomplish day-to-day tasks,
and tackle the toughest chemical process models. CHEMCAD is flexible enough to handle
virtually any challenge that comes your way.

CHEMCAD represents the basic programme of the CHEMCAD Suite. CHEMCAD is the tool to
simulate steady state processes. Once CHEMCAD is installed, you have the capability to acquire
add-on programmes.

The flowsheet is created in the user interface of CHEMCAD, the simulation is performed and the
results are represented. A library of Unit Operations, which are required to build the flowsheet
are provided on a palette.

BENEFITS

• Highly customizable, flexible, and affordable

• All modules work within a single graphical user interface for seamless interaction

• Adapts to how you approach engineering challenges

• Appealing graphics and reports are easy to export to third-party software

• Easily integrates into chemical engineering computing environment

• Personalized technical support second to none

02) Aspen HYSYS

Aspen HYSYS (or simply HYSYS) is a chemical process simulator used to mathematically
model chemical processes, from unit operations to full chemical plants and refineries. HYSYS is
able to perform many of the core calculations of chemical engineering, including those
concerned with mass balance, energy balance, vapor-liquid equilibrium, heat transfer, mass
transfer, chemical kinetics, fractionation, and pressure drop.[1] HYSYS is used extensively in
industry and academia for steady-state and dynamic simulation, process design, performance
modelling, and optimization.

Benefits of Apsen HYSYS

• Delivers an efficient workflow across engineering disciplines

• Improves engineering efficiency

• Reduces project cycle time

•Ensures accurate calculation of physical properties, transport properties, and phase behavior

• Generates accurate simulation results that can be used with confidence.

Provides an accurate simulation of the actual process

• Improves engineering efficiency

Enhances the speed and consistency of the routine aspects of simulation, costing, and sizing

• Brings the power of process modeling to casual users in plant and production operations

• Accelerates the adoption of process models for operations decision support

• Improves engineering efficiency and reduces total cost of ownership

• Enables customization and provides flexibility

03) GAMS

The GAMS software (General Algebraic Modeling System) was originally developed by a group
of economists from the World Bank in order to facilitate the resolution of large and complex
non-linear models on personal computer. As a matter of fact, GAMS allows solving
simultaneous non-linear equation system, with or without optimization of some objective
function.

(i) Simplicity of implementation,

(ii) portability and transferability between users and systems and
(iii) easiness of technical update because of the constant inclusion of new algorithms are
the main advantages of GAMS.

The seminal GAMS system was file oriented. The program must be created in ASCII format
with any one of the usual text editor run by a DOS command.

The development of GAMS-IDE interface in the late 1990s makes it even easier to use. GAMS-
IDE works as a general text editor compatible with WINDOWS and offers the ability to launch
and monitor the compilation and execution of typical GAMS programs. In this introduction note
we will present the general structure of the GAMS program, followed by a detailed illustration,
including a description of the output file.

GAMS is designed for modeling and solving linear, nonlinear, and mixed-integer optimization
problems. The system is tailored for complex, large-scale modeling applications and allows the
user to build large maintainable models that can be adapted to new situations.

GAMS allows the users to implement a sort of hybrid algorithm combining different solvers.
Models are described in concise, human-readable algebraic statements. GAMS is among the
most popular input formats for the NEOS Server.[citation needed] Although initially designed
for applications related to economics and management science, it has a community of users from
various backgrounds of engineering and science.
04) GPROMS

GPROMS modelling platform for the integrated digital design of robust formulated products and
their manufacturing processes. 
It enables scientists and engineers to screen formulations with complex phase structures for
quality attributes, determine whether they can be manufactured robustly, and explore the design
space for the whole formulation and manufacturing chain.

Its main applications are in model-based engineering activities for process and equipment
development and design, and optimisation of process operations.

gPROMS is applied by major process and technology organisations throughout the world, across
many application areas in all process sectors. It is also used for research and teaching at 200
academic institutions worldwide.

At the heart of the gPROMS platform is the gPROMS Model Builder , the leading custom
modelling environment for the process industries.

ModelBuilder's process modelling, process simulation and optimisation capabilities are used to
generate high-accuracy predictive information for decision support in product and process
innovation, design and operation.

The gPROMS advantage

gPROMS platform products have many major advantages over other comparable modelling
software:

• support for multiscale modelling, meaning – for example – that it is possible to create a
reactor model that takes into account all phenomena from mass transfer in the catalyst pore to
full-scale equipment effects simultaneously

• Custom modelling capabilities that allow the development, execution and maintenance of
high-fidelity models of a wide range of equipment

• The abilty to apply such high-fidelity unit models within a full process flowsheet

• Estimation of equipment or process empirical parameters from experimental – laboratory,

pilot or operational – data, with estimates of data uncertainty for risk analysis
• Steady-state and dynamic modelling within the same environment

• The ability to perform many different activities using the same underlying model

• Support for scale-up from minimal experimental data to full equipment, using hybrid
modelling technologies where necessary.

05) Spring Framework

Spring framework is an open source Java platform that provides comprehensive infrastructure
support for developing robust Java applications very easily and very rapidly. Spring framework
was initially written by Rod Johnson and was first released under the Apache 2.0 license in June
2003. This tutorial has been written based on Spring Framework version 4.1.6 released in Mar
2015.

Spring is the most popular application development framework for enterprise Java. Millions of
developers around the world use Spring Framework to create high performing, easily testable,
and reusable code.

Spring framework is an open source Java platform. It was initially written by Rod Johnson and
was first released under the Apache 2.0 license in June 2003.

Spring is lightweight when it comes to size and transparency. The basic version of Spring
framework is around 2MB.

The core features of the Spring Framework can be used in developing any Java application, but
there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Java EE platform. Spring
framework targets to make J2EE development easier to use and promotes good programming
practices by enabling a POJO-based programming model.

Benefits of Using the Spring Framework

Following is the list of few of the great benefits of using Spring Framework −

Spring enables developers to develop enterprise-class applications using POJOs. The benefit of
using only POJOs is that you do not need an EJB container product such as an application server
but you have the option of using only a robust servlet container such as Tomcat or some
commercial product.
Spring is organized in a modular fashion. Even though the number of packages and classes are
substantial, you have to worry only about the ones you need and ignore the rest.

Spring does not reinvent the wheel, instead it truly makes use of some of the existing
technologies like several ORM frameworks, logging frameworks, JEE, Quartz and JDK timers,
and other view technologies.

Testing an application written with Spring is simple because environment-dependent code is

moved into this framework. Furthermore, by using JavaBeanstyle POJOs, it becomes easier to
use dependency injection for injecting test data.

Spring's web framework is a well-designed web MVC framework, which provides a great
alternative to web frameworks such as Struts or other over-engineered or less popular web
frameworks.

Spring provides a convenient API to translate technology-specific exceptions (thrown by JDBC,

Hibernate, or JDO, for example) into consistent, unchecked exceptions.

Lightweight IoC containers tend to be lightweight, especially when compared to EJB containers,
for example. This is beneficial for developing and deploying applications on computers with
limited memory and CPU resources.

Spring provides a consistent transaction management interface that can scale down to a local
transaction (using a single database, for example) and scale up to global transactions (using JTA,
for example).

Applications of Spring

Following is the list of few of the great benefits of using Spring Framework −

 POJO Based - Spring enables developers to develop enterprise-class applications using

POJOs. The benefit of using only POJOs is that you do not need an EJB container
product such as an application server but you have the option of using only a robust
servlet container such as Tomcat or some commercial product.
 Modular - Spring is organized in a modular fashion. Even though the number of
packages and classes are substantial, you have to worry only about the ones you need
and ignore the rest.

 Integration with existing frameworks - Spring does not reinvent the wheel, instead it
truly makes use of some of the existing technologies like several ORM frameworks,
logging frameworks, JEE, Quartz and JDK timers, and other view technologies.

 Testablity - Testing an application written with Spring is simple because environment-

dependent code is moved into this framework. Furthermore, by using JavaBeanstyle
POJOs, it becomes easier to use dependency injection for injecting test data.

 Web MVC - Spring's web framework is a well-designed web MVC framework, which
provides a great alternative to web frameworks such as Struts or other over-engineered
or less popular web frameworks.

 Central Exception Handling - Spring provides a convenient API to translate

technology-specific exceptions (thrown by JDBC, Hibernate, or JDO, for example) into
consistent, unchecked exceptions.

 Lightweight - Lightweight IoC containers tend to be lightweight, especially when

compared to EJB containers, for example. This is beneficial for developing and
deploying applications on computers with limited memory and CPU resources.

 Transaction management - Spring provides a consistent transaction management

interface that can scale down to a local transaction (using a single database, for example)
and scale up to global transactions (using JTA, for example).
References

 with Simulation, Technologies, published on www.controlglobal.com.

 www.Science direct.com
 www.aspentch.com
 www.mathworks.com
 www.gams.com/production
 tutorial points spring frame work.com